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Learn to model your own problems for predicting the properties of polymer-based composites Mechanics of Particle- and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites: Nanoscale to Continuum Simulations provides readers with a thorough and up-to-date overview of nano, micro, and continuum approaches for the multiscale modeling of polymer-based composites. Covering nanocomposite development, theoretical models, and common simulation methods, the text includes a variety of case studies and scripting tutorials that enable readers to apply and further develop the supplied simulations. The book describes the foundations of molecular dynamics and continuum mechanics methods, guides readers through the basic steps required for multiscale modeling of any material, and correlates the results between the experimental and theoretical work performed. Focused primarily on nanocomposites, the methods covered in the book are applicable to various other materials such as carbon nanotubes, polymers, metals, and ceramics. Throughout the book, readers are introduced to key topics of relevance to nanocomposite materials and structures—supported by journal articles that discuss recent developments in modeling techniques and in the prediction of mechanical and thermal properties. This timely, highly practical resource: Explains the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation procedure for nanofiber and nanoparticle reinforced polymer composites Compares results of experimental and theoretical results from mechanical models at different length scales Covers different types of fibers and matrix materials that constitute composite materials, including glass, boron, carbon, and Kevlar Reviews models that predict the stiffness of short-fiber composites, including the self-consistent model for finite-length fibers, bounding models, and the Halpin-Tsai equation Describes various molecular modeling methods such as Monte Carlo, Brownian dynamics, dissipative particle dynamics, and lattice Boltzmann methods Highlights the potential of nanocomposites for defense and space applications Perfect for materials scientists, materials engineers, polymer scientists, and mechanical engineers, Mechanics of Particle- and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites is also a must-have reference for computer simulation scientists seeking to improve their understanding of reinforced polymer nanocomposites.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of machine learning and nature-inspired optimization algorithms are vastly used in material science. These techniques improve many quality metrics, such as reliability and ergonomics.This book highlights the recent challenges in this field and helps readers to understand the subject and develop future works. It reviews the latest methods and applications of AI in material science. It covers a wide range of topics, including Material processing; Properties prediction; Conventional machining, such as turning, boring, grinding, and milling; non-conventional machining, such as electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, laser machining, plasma machining, ultrasonic machining, chemical machining, and water-jet machining; Machine tools, such as programming, design, and maintenance. AI techniques reviewed in the book include Machine learning, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms, Particle swarm optimization, Cuckoo search, Grey wolf optimizer, and Ant colony optimization.

Diffusion, the movement of atoms in a material, is an integral part of many metallurgical and materials treatment processes. Understanding diffusion mechanisms helps to control and improve materials properties. This book offers a comprehensive overview of diffusion in the synthesis and analysis of materials (metals and non‑metals) from the fundamentals through applications. Discusses defects in materials, fundamentals of the diffusion process, and different diffusion mechanisms active in metallic alloys Describes diffusion within non‑metallic materials, including ceramics, polymers, and semiconducting materials, with special emphasis on silicon Covers diffusion along high‑energy paths, short‑circuiting diffusion, such as grain boundaries, dislocations, and materials surface Explores diffusion under thermal and electrical gradients and explains how this information is useful for materials purification Details the application of diffusion on carbides during the thermal and thermomechanical treatments of steels Includes problems and solutions for each chapter to reinforce reader's comprehension Written with less emphasis on complex mathematical equations, this text is accessible to researchers and students in materials, mechanical, and related engineering disciplines studying the phenomenon of diffusion in materials and its application in the engineering of materials.

The book presents the select proceedings of 13th Structural Engineering Convention. It covers the latest research in multidisciplinary areas within structural engineering. Various topics covered include structural dynamics, structural mechanics, finite element methods, structural vibration control, advanced cementitious and composite materials, bridge engineering, soil-structure interaction, blast, impact, fire, material and many more. The book will be a useful reference material for structural engineering researchers and practicing engineers.

This book serves as an introduction to the growing field of quantum many-body transport in interacting nanojunctions. It delves into a theoretical approach based on a general density-matrix formulation for open quantum systems. In the book, relevant transport observables, like the current or its higher order cumulants, are obtained by evaluating quantum statistical averages. This approach requires the knowledge of the reduced density matrix of the interacting nanosystems. The formulation for addressing transport problems, based on the evolution of the reduced density operator in Liouville space, is highly versatile. It enables the treatment of charge and spin transport across various realistic nanostructures. Topics encompass standard Coulomb blockade, cotunneling phenomena in quantum dots, vibrational and Franck-Condon effects in molecular junctions, as well as many-body interference observed in double quantum dots or carbon nanotubes. Derived from lectures tailored for graduate and advanced students at the University of Regensburg in Germany, this book is enriched with exercises and step-by-step derivations.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Workshop on Engineering Methodologies for Medicine and Sports (EMMS), held in Rome, Italy on February 7-9, 2024. It includes peer-reviewed papers on emerging engineering methodologies applied to biomedicine and sports, discussing topics such as advanced biomaterials, biodegradable implants, additive manufacturing of prosthesis, surface design, fabrication of bioreactors, design of biomechanical devices, rehabilitation and prevention, AI applications to medicine, biosensors, medical signal analysis, medical sensors, detection and monitoring of substances dangerous for health, biomechanics, assessment of sport performance, sport activity as a diagnostic device. A valuable, up-to-date resource, it offers an essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.

The book is devoted to the retirement of Prof. Wilfried Becker—a liber amicorum for a well-known specialist in the field of structural mechanics. Many excellent scientists from institutions around the world wrote their scientific chapters, stressing the Becker's influence to structural mechanics. Thus, this collection discusses a lot of important problems and applications of mechanics.

The book presents the select proceedings of 13th Structural Engineering Convention. It covers the latest research in multidisciplinary areas within structural engineering. Various topics covered include structural dynamics, structural mechanics, finite element methods, structural vibration control, advanced cementitious and composite materials, bridge engineering, soil-structure interaction, blast, impact, fire, material and many more. The book will be a useful reference material for structural engineering researchers and practicing engineers.

This book covers the latest advancements and applications of nonlinear dynamics in various fields of science and engineering, presenting a curated selection of peer-reviewed contributions at the 2nd International Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications (ICNDA 2024) at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT). Organized by the Department of Mathematics, SMIT, SMU, this international conference provides a platform for scientists, researchers, and inventors to share their findings and exchange ideas in the ever-evolving field of nonlinear dynamics. This book comprises three volumes. Volume 1 focuses on the investigation of nonlinear waves and plasma dynamics. It covers topics such as strong Landau damping, electron plasma waves, ion-acoustic waves, dusty plasma, dust-acoustic waves, dust-ion-acoustic waves, kinetic Alfven waves, solitary wave, shock waves, periodic wave, cnoidal wave, superperiodic wave, soliton, resonance, lump soliton, multi-soliton, breather wave, upper hybrid wave, atmospheric internal wave, mathematical and analytical methods, quantum and relativistic plasmas, wave instabilities and interactions, fractional and complex systems, nonlinear optical phenomena, Gaussian laser beam, chaos and multistability, and other specific plasma studies.

This thesis combines methods from statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics to advance research on the pattern formation in active fluids in several directions. In particular, it focuses on mesoscale turbulence, a state observed in microswimmer suspensions, which is characterized by the emergence of dynamic vortex patterns. The first major contribution concerns the bottom-up derivation of a frequently used continuum model of mesoscale turbulence from a set of particle-resolved stochastic equations. Utilizing the model, mesoscale turbulence is shown to induce nontrivial transport properties including a regime of optimal diffusion. The thesis then explores possible strategies of control. One of these relies on an external field that leads to stripe-like structures and can even suppress patterns entirely. The other involves geometric confinement realized by strategically placed obstacles that can reorganize the flow into a variety of ordered vortex structures. The turbulence transition inside an obstacle lattice is shown to have an intriguing analogy to an equilibrium transition in the Ising universality class. As a whole, this thesis provides important contributions to the understanding and control of turbulence in active fluids, as well as outlining exciting future directions, including applications. It includes a substantial introduction to the topic, which is suitable for newcomers to the field.

This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of seismic design and performance of steel structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 11th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA), held in Salerno, Italy, on July 8-10, 2024. It covers a diverse range of topics such as behaviour of structural members and connections, performance of structural systems, mixed and composite structures, energy dissipation systems, self-centring and low-damage systems, assessment and retrofitting, codes and standards, light-gauge systems. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This expert and self-contained authored handbook provides comprehensive coverage of liquid crystals from the fundamental materials science, physics, and modeling through cutting-edge applications. Written by an author with over 40 years of active experience in this growing field, it offers an unprecedented self-contained treatment of this key research area.Liquid Crystals are a state of matter sharing properties that are usually associated with both solids and liquids. Their study belongs to wider field of soft condensed matter physics, an area growing in importance because of the new physics being discovered and the possibilities of various technological applications being developed. Liquid crystals continue to have a revolutionary technological impact and consistently pose new challenges of basic understanding. While the experimental side of liquid crystal research is very well developed, theoretical understanding has lagged, and this volume fills a gap in the published literature in terms of rigorous treatment of mathematical and computer modeling approaches.Volume II of this handbook deals with advanced aspects of liquid crystals and their applications, covering computer simulations of phase transitions in liquid crystals, liquid crystals of biomolecules, and defect textures in liquid crystals. Overall, this handbook serves as the ultimate scholarly guide for researchers, scientists, and engineers seeking to unlock the full potential of liquid crystals. It offers a comprehensive understanding of these materials and their diverse applications, empowering readers to navigate the complex intricacies of liquid crystal science and technology.

Introduction to Condensed Matter Chemistry offers a general view of chemistry from the perspective of condensed matter chemistry, analyzing and contrasting chemical reactions in a more realistic setting than traditional thinking. Readers will also find discussions on the goals and major scientific questions in condensed matter chemistry and the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter. Processes and products of chemical reactions should not be determined solely by the structure and composition of these basic species but also by the complex and possibly multilevel structured physical and chemical environment, together referred to as their condensed state. Relevant matters in condensed state should be the main bodies of chemical reactions, which is applicable not only to solids and liquids but also to gas molecules as reactions among gas molecules can take place only in the presence of catalysts in specific condensed states or after their state transition under extreme reaction conditions. This book provides new insights on the liquid state chemistry, definitions, aspects, and interactions, summarizing fundamentals of main chemical reactions from a new perspective. - Helps to establish the new field of Condensed Matter Chemistry - Highlights the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter - Focuses on both liquid and solid state chemistry

In this invaluable resource for graduate students and practicing professionals, Tu and Liu provide a comprehensive account of electromigration and give a practical guide on how to manage its effects in microelectronic devices, especially newer devices that make use of 3D architectures.In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, next-generation microelectronic devices for consumers must be smaller, consume less power, cost less, and, most importantly, have higher functionality and reliability than ever before. However, with miniaturization, the average current density increases, and so does the probability of electromigration failure. This book covers all critical elements of electromigration, including basic theory, various failure modes induced by electromigration, methods to prevent failure, and equations for predicting mean-time-to-failure. Furthermore, effects such as stress, Joule heating, current crowding, and oxidation on electromigration are covered, and the new and modified mean-time-to-failure equations based on low entropy production are given. Readers will be able to apply this information to the design and application of microelectronic devices to minimize the risk of electromigration-induced failure in microelectronic devices.This book essential for anyone who wants to understand these critical elements and minimize their effects. It is particularly valuable for both graduate students of electrical engineering and materials science engineering and engineers working in the semiconductor and electronic packaging technology industries.

Quantum Photonics aims to serve as a comprehensive and systematic reference source for entrants to the field of quantum photonics, including updated topics on quantum photonics for researchers working in this field. The book reviews the fundamental knowledge of modern photonics related quantum technologies, key concepts of quantum photonic devices, and quantum photonics applications. The book is suitable for graduate students, researchers, and engineers who want to learn quantum photonics fundamentals. The editors, who are leaders in this field, have formulated this book as an introduction to the cutting-edge research in quantum photonics. Researchers and students involved in the development of semiconductor optoelectronics and optical communication systems should also find this book helpful. - Covers the whole quantum photonics field, including nanostructured materials, physics, modelling, and quantum technology applications ranging from applications of q-bit emitters to quantum dot lasers - Comprehensively and systematically reviews fundamentals and applications of quantum photonics for beginners in the field - Provides foundational knowledge for modern photonics-related quantum technologies

Medical imaging is fundamental to modern healthcare, and its widespread use has resulted in creation of image databases. These repositories contain images from a diverse range of modalities, multidimensional as well as co-aligned multimodality images. These image collections offer opportunity for evidence-based diagnosis, teaching, and research. Advances in medical image analysis over last two decades shows there are now many algorithms and ideas available that allow to address medical image analysis tasks in commercial solutions with sufficient performance in terms of accuracy, reliability and speed. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is an image search technique that complements the conventional text-based retrieval of images by using visual features, such as color, texture, and shape, as search criteria. This book emphasizes the design of wavelet filter-banks as efficient and effective feature descriptors for medical image retrieval.Firstly, a generalized novel design of a family of multiplier-free orthogonal wavelet filter-banks is presented. In this, the dyadic filter coefficients are obtained based on double-shifting orthogonality property with allowable deviation from original filter coefficients. Next, a low complex symmetric Daub-4 orthogonal wavelet filter-bank is presented. This is achieved by slightly altering the perfect reconstruction condition to make designed filter-bank symmetric and to obtain dyadic filter coefficients. In third contribution, the first dyadic Gabor wavelet filter-bank is presented based on slight alteration in orientation parameter without disturbing remaining Gabor wavelet parameters. In addition, a novel feature descriptor based on the design of adaptive Gabor wavelet filter-bank is presented. The use of Maximum likelihood estimation is suggested to measure the similarity between the feature vectors of heterogeneous medical images. The performance of the suggested methods is evaluated on three different publicly available databases namely NEMA, OASIS and EXACT09. The performance in terms of average retrieval precision, average retrieval recall and computational time are compared with well-known existing methods.

This book reports on topics at the interface between mechanical and materials engineering, emphasizing aspects related to design, simulation, and manufacturing. It covers advanced methods in design and process engineering applied to mechatronic systems, industrial equipment, turbines, and drives. It covers cutting-edge theoretical and experimental findings relating to material behavior, composites, nanomaterials, and coatings design. Based on the 7th International Conference on Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation Exchange (DSMIE-2024), held on June 4–7, 2024, in Pilsen, Czech Republic, this second volume of a 2-volume set provides academics and professionals with extensive information on technologies, trends, challenges, and practice-oriented experience in all the above-mentioned areas.

This book focuses on nanoscale electronic phase separation in a wide class of different materials, especially in strongly correlated electron systems. It features an extensive review of the field of inhomogeneous spin and charge states in condensed matter physics while delivering a topical and timely discussion of a wide range of recent advances in electronic phase separation. It describes the formation of different types of nanoscale ferromagnetic metallic droplets in antiferromagnetically ordered, charge-ordered, or orbitally-ordered insulating matrices, as well as the colossal magnetoresistance effect and tunneling electron transport in the nonmetallic phase-separated state of complex magnetic oxides. It also discusses compounds with spin-state transitions, inhomogeneously phase-separated states in strongly correlated multiband systems, and the electron polaron effect, paying special attention to systems with imperfect Fermi surface-nesting such as chromium alloys, iron-based pnictides, and AA-stacked graphene bilayers. The authors investigate also the formation of order parameter clusters and insulator-superconductor transition in different superconducting systems including bismuth oxides, two-dimensional films in the presence of strong disorder, as well as inhomogeneous Fermi-Bose mixtures in Aharonov-Bohm rings with a superconducting bridge in a topologically nontrivial state. This book is a valuable resource for researchers involved in theoretical and experimental studies of strongly correlated materials, such as magnetic semiconductors, Fermi-Bose mixtures, and twisted bilayer graphene.

This book studies the flow of materials and the influence of strain rates on the relationship between imposed stresses and the dynamic deformations obtained. It provides applications for shaping, molecular molding, shrink-fit assembly and welding, including details of the various specific processes for implementation at high strain rates, illustrated by numerous industrial examples. Rheology, Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Materials 2 presents studies on the dynamic behavior of materials when subjected to mechanical, electromagnetic and electrohydraulic actions. The topics covered include dynamic structural memory, molecular molding, shaping, assembly and welding. It is aimed at researchers involved in the mechanics of deformable media, as well as industrial design and manufacturing departments.

Smart thin films, composed of functional materials deposited in thin layers, have opened new avenues for the development of flexible, lightweight, and high-performance devices. Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films presents a comprehensive overview of this emerging area and details the current and near future integration of smart thin films in solar cells, and memory storage. Offers an overview of optoelectronics and spintronics Discusses synthesis of smart nanomaterials Describes deposition techniques and characterization of thin films Considers the integration and application of opto-spintronics for technological advancement of solar cells and memory storage devices Focused on advancing research on this evolving subject, this book is aimed at advanced students, researchers, and engineers in materials, chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering, as well as applied physics.

Metamaterials-by-Design: Theory, Technologies, and Vision is devoted to a comprehensive review of the latest advancements and current trends in the field of system-level-oriented metamaterial design methods, technologies, and future perspectives. Starting from the theoretical and methodological motivations of this research to macro-scale performance-driven design of volumetric and planar metamaterials, the book introduces advanced task-oriented modeling approaches, including specific reference to their multi-scale/ multi-physics customization in recent metamaterial science and engineering. In the introduction of these concepts, particular attention is paid to the illustration of the physical mechanisms and phenomena at the basis of the field manipulation capabilities enabled by metamaterials. Contributions from industry and academic perspectives on active and passive metamaterial-enhanced devices for communications and sensing are included. The final part of the volume is aimed at providing a perspective regarding the current trends, future research and application tracks in system-performance-driven metamaterial design methodologies and technologies, included potential applications in future reconfigurable and cognitive materials. - Includes comprehensive review of the research developments, methodologies, and opportunities in the field of metamaterials-by-design - Discusses new and emerging applications of metamaterials in microwave and terahertz spectrum, photonics, and optics scenarios - Reviews performance-driven metamaterial design methodologies and technologies in communications and sensing

What is'topological'about topological quantum states? How many types of topological quantum phases are there? What is a zero-energy Majorana mode, how can it be realized in a solid-state system, and how can it be used as a platform for topological quantum computation? What is quantum computation and what makes it different from classical computation?Addressing these and other related questions, Introduction to Topological Quantum Matter & Quantum Computation provides an introduction to and a synthesis of a fascinating and rapidly expanding research field emerging at the crossroads of condensed matter physics, mathematics, and computer science. Providing the big picture and emphasizing two major new paradigms in condensed matter physics – quantum topology and quantum information – this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers entering this field, as it allows for the fruitful transfer of ideas amongst different areas, and includes many specific examples to help the reader understand abstract and sometimes challenging concepts. It explores the topological quantum world beyond the well-known topological insulators and superconductors and unveils the deep connections with quantum computation. It addresses key principles behind the classification of topological quantum phases and relevant mathematical concepts and discusses models of interacting and noninteracting topological systems, such as the toric code and the p-wave superconductor. The book also covers the basic properties of anyons, and aspects concerning the realization of topological states in solid state structures and cold atom systems.Topological quantum computation is also presented using a broad perspective, which includes elements of classical and quantum information theory, basic concepts in the theory of computation, such as computational models and computational complexity, examples of quantum algorithms, and key ideas underlying quantum computation with anyons. This new edition has been updated throughout, with exciting new discussions on crystalline topological phases, including higher-order topological insulators; gapless topological phases, including Weyl semimetals; periodically-driven topological insulators; and a discussion of axion electrodynamics in topological materials.Key Features:· Provides an accessible introduction to this exciting, cross-disciplinary area of research.· Fully updated throughout with new content on the latest result from the field.· Authored by an authority on the subject.Tudor Stanescu is a professor of Condensed Matter Theory at West Virginia University, USA. He received a B.S. in Physics from the University of Bucharest, Romania, in 1994 and a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign in 2002. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Rutgers University and at the University of Maryland from 2003 to 2009. He joined the Department of Physics and Astronomy at West Virginia University in Fall 2009. Prof. Stanescu's research interests encompass a variety of topics in theoretical condensed matter physics including topological insulators and superconductors, topological quantum computation, ultra-cold atom systems in optical lattices, and strongly correlated materials, such as, for example, cuprate high-temperature superconductors. His research uses a combination of analytical and numerical tools and focuses on understanding the emergence of exotic states of matter in solid state and cold atom structures, for example, topological superconducting phases that host Majorana zero modes, and on investigating the possibilities of exploiting these states as physical platforms for quantum computation.

This book presents select proceedings of the 6th International and 21st National Conference on Machines and Mechanism (iNaCoMM 2023) which covers the broad areas of solid mechanics and design covering the latest advancements in the fields of machines and mechanisms. The topics covered in the book are categorized into four themes, namely machines and mechanisms; vibration and control; materials and machine design; and robotics. This book is a useful reference for researchers and professionals working in the fields of mechanical engineering.

This book discusses research and development on various degradation types and their mitigation approaches in electrochemical energy storage and conversion (EESC) devices, such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, essential to realizing carbon neutrality and a sustainable energy economy. Corrosion and degradation of the components remains a major threat to EESC devices'long-term durability, and at present there is an insufficient number of book-length treatments of this topic. This volume brings together the most up-to-date findings from the research literature.

This book begins with the history and background of the subject and then describes key experimental methods. Subsequent chapters are devoted to individual topics of chemistry and materials, namely, synthesis of hard materials, ceramics at high pressure, shock-induced chemical operations, biomolecules, meteorites, and metals and molecules under extreme conditions. Lastly, it offers applications to earth and planetary science and ends with future perspectives. Shock waves dynamically produce high pressure and temperature conditions and offer interesting areas for studies on unique chemical reactions. This book introduces readers to modern shock-induced chemistry and its applications and provides an update of topics in that discipline. Readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of current shock-induced chemistry and its versatile applications.

Aeroelasticity is an essential discipline for the design of airplanes, unmanned systems, and innovative configurations. This book introduces the subject of unsteady aerodynamics and dynamic aeroelasticity by presenting industry-standard techniques, such as the Doublet Lattice Method for nonplanar wing systems. “Introduction to Unsteady Aerodynamics and Dynamic Aeroelasticity''is a useful reference for aerospace engineers and users of NASTRAN and ZAERO but is also an excellent complementary textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students. The theoretical material includes: · Fundamental equations of aerodynamics. · Concepts of Velocity and Acceleration Potentials. · Theory of small perturbations. · Virtual displacements and work, Hamilton's Principle, and Lagrange's Equations. · Aeroelastic equations expressed in the time, Laplace, and Fourier domains. · Concept of Generalized Aerodynamic Force Matrix. · Complete derivation of the nonplanar kernel for unsteady aerodynamic analyses. · Detailed derivation of the Doublet Lattice Method. · Linear Time-Invariant systems and stability analysis. · Rational function approximation for the generalized aerodynamic force matrix. · Fluid-structure boundary conditions and splining. · Root locus technique. · Techniques to find the flutter point: k, k-E, p-k, non-iterative p-k, g, second-order g, GAAM, p, p-L, p-p, and CV methods.

For undergraduate courses in statics and mechanics of materials A proven approach to improving conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills Statics and Mechanics of Materials, 6th Edition in SI Units, combines two of the author's bestselling texts, Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Mechanics of Materials, with a firm focus on concepts that are commonly encountered in engineering practice. This text features a thorough presentation of the theory and applications of the most fundamental topics of these two important branches of mechanics. It empowers students to succeed by drawing upon Professor Hibbeler's decades of classroom experience and knowledge of how students learn. The text is shaped by the suggestions of hundreds of peer reviewers and many of his students.

The book presents theoretical and experimental studies to establish the relationship between volume jumps of the 90° domain wall in a ferromagnetic material and the magnitude of the half-space surface displacement caused by it. A method of evaluating the influence of the external magnetic field on the stress intensity factor at the tip of the crack-like defects in ferromagnets is discussed. The influence of hydrogen on the generation of magneto-elastic acoustic emission signals of ferromagnets is described. The features of magneto-elastic acoustic emission due to the presence of plastic deformation, structural changes, and volumetric damage in such structural materials are shown.

In this second edition, most chapters of the first edition, which published in 2017, have been revised and recent advancement of electron microscopy such as differential phase contrast (DPC) STEM, sparse-coding image processing and quantum electron microscopy have been supplemented with further details. This book explains the basis of imaging and diffraction in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in the style of a textbook. The book focuses on the explanation of electron microscopic imaging of TEM and STEM without including in the main text distracting information on basic knowledge of crystal diffraction, wave optics, electron lens, and scattering and diffraction theories, which are explained separately in the appendices. The comprehensive explanation is provided on the basis of Fourier transform theory, and this approach is unique in comparison with other advanced resources on high-resolution electron microscopy. With the present textbook, readers are led to understand the essence of the imaging theories of TEM and STEM without being diverted by various kinds of knowledge around electron microscopy. The up-to-date information in this book, particularly on imaging details of STEM and aberration corrections, is valuable worldwide for today's graduate students and professionals just starting their careers.

This textbook presents a compilation of class-tested materials and the results of research on a range of topics in into one comprehensive volume for readers engaged in the materials science and engineering aspects of phase transformation in metals. Accordingly, this is a suitable textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of mechanical engineering, materials science, metallurgical engineering, and related disciplines. The book incorporates two-dimensional materials, crystal defects, mass transport, thermodynamics of phase, solidification heat transfer, solidification and phase diagrams related to nucleation particle phases and explains solid-state phase transformation, mechanical behaviour and fracture toughness, non-destructive methods, physical and optical properties of solids, and electrochemical corrosion. It also stands as an excellent reference treatise for practicing and consulting engineers. Moreover, the book is appropriate for graduate-level coursework, covering advanced subjects including quantum mechanics, two dimensional materials, fracture mechanics, non-destructive methods for evaluating structural integrity, and advanced analytical techniques in some appendices.

This book introduces the reader to methods of mathematical modeling and solving non-stationary (dynamic) problems of the theory of magnetoelasticity, as well as to give an idea of the wealth of physical effects caused by the interaction of electromagnetic and mechanical phenomena in magnetically active elastic thin bodies. The studies are mainly limited to a model of isotropic body under the assumption of small deformations. In the first chapter of the book, based on the basic connected nonlinear equations and relations of mechanics and quasi-static electrodynamics of continuum media, a system of equations of magnetoelasticity, surface conditions, and governing equations describing the behavior of disturbances in a magnetoactive medium interacting with an external magnetic field is obtained. On this basis, in Chapters 2 and 3, using the main equations and relations of magnetoelastic vibrations and stability of magnetically soft, thin plates and shells are obtained. By solving specific applied problems, a number of qualitative and quantitative results were identified, caused by the interaction of mechanical and magnetic phenomena in ferromagnetic thin bodies. An approximate formula is obtained to determine magnetohydrodynamic pressure on the oscillating surfaces of plate flowing by supersonic flow of perfectly conducting gas in the presence of magnetic field. This formula is the generalization of well-known formula obtained on the basis of the classical piston theory of gas dynamics in the case of magneto-gas-dynamic flow. On this basis, it became possible to solve complex problems of aeromagnetoelasticity. In the 4th and 5th chapters magnetoelastic processes in superconducting thin shells located in stationary and non-stationary magnetic fields are studied. Two-dimensional equations and corresponding conditions are obtained, which characterize vibrations and stability of superconducting cylindrical and spherical shells under the influence of the given magnetic field. By solving specific problems, the possibility of loss of both static and dynamic stability of thin superconducting bodies under the influence of external magnetic field has been established. The sixth chapter is devoted to mathematical modeling and investigation of issues of dynamics of magnetostrictive plates in magnetic fields (stationary and non-stationary) of several orientations. To study the processes of magnetoelastic interaction in the plate under consideration with complex physical properties of its material, the main postulates of the classical theories and methods were used. The influence of plate in-homogeneity on the processes under consideration was also studied. Dynamic processes in layered plates have been studied. It is shown that heterogeneity is sufficient to control optimally the studied dynamic processes, especially those that arise as a result of interaction. The last 7th chapter is devoted to the investigation of stability of dielectric thin plates in a supersonic flow of perfectly conducting gas in the presence of magnetic field. The problems were studied in both linear and nonlinear formulations. Based on the formula obtained by the authors specific problems of stability were solved. Influence of magnetic field on the flutter characteristics is studied.

Flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a unique class of porous materials that feature stimuli-responsive flexible structures and dynamic structural transformation behaviours. Exhibiting structural changes in response to physical or chemical stimuli creates related functions that can be developed for practical applications. The specific components and architectures of flexible MOFs are key to their unique properties, so understanding their chemistry is of critical importance for more targeted construction and functional research. This book provides an accessible overview of the historical background of the chemistry of flexible MOFs and their features; in particular, design and synthesis, dynamic structure analysis, flexibility, function and theoretical treatment, and interpretation of the mechanisms as well as their applications. It gives readers a fundamental understanding of this chemistry and will be of great help to young researchers, as well as those already familiar with conventional porous materials in creating new materials.

Non-Reciprocal Materials and Systems: An Engineering Approach to the Control of Light, Sound, and Heat discusses the related concept of bound states which help confine sound and electromagnetic waves and can also lead to the control of thermal energy. The requirements for the formation of such bound states, their relationship to physical and topological characteristics of materials, and the possible application to new devices is considered. The book takes a unique approach to energy transfer in and between materials systems - considering dimensional effects, supersonic, transonic and subsonic wave motion, as well as the coupling of waves. This book is suitable for researchers in materials science, condensed matter physics, electrical, mechanical, and structural engineering, and technologists aiming for better control of non-electronic physical phenomena. - Provides information on how to use specific features in new and artificial materials for the control of sound, light and heat - Explores dimensional considerations such as surface material phenomena that can be decoupled from bulk materials or the inside of a material - Discusses new device concepts and related technologies such as energy sources, isolators, and diodes involving energy confinement

On-Chip Photonics: Principles, Technology and Applications reviews advances in integrated photonic devices and their demonstrated applications, including ultrafast high-power lasers on a chip, mid-infrared and overtone spectroscopies, all-optical processing on a chip, logic gates on a chip, and cryptography on a chip. The summaries in the book's chapters facilitate an understanding of the field and enable the application of optical waveguides in a variety of optical systems. The ultimate goal of this work is aimed at accelerating the transition of on-chip photonics from academia to the industry. Each chapter, where appropriate, provides an overview of the computational tools, fabrication methods, and suggestions for the realization of on-chip photonic devices. - Introduces advanced concepts of passive and active on-chip photonic components - Discusses emerging applications of on-chip photonics, quantum technologies, computing, and more - Reviews materials, computational tools, and suggestions for the realization of on-chip photonic devices

These ESAFORM 2024 conference proceedings cover a wide range of topics: Additive manufacturing; Composites forming processes; Extrusion and drawing; Forging and rolling; Formability of metallic materials; Friction and wear in metal forming; Incremental and sheet metal forming; Innovative joining by forming technologies; Optimization and inverse analysis in forming; Machining, Cutting and severe plastic deformation processes; Material behavior modelling; New and advanced numerical strategies for material forming; Non-conventional processes; Polymer processing and thermomechanical properties; Sustainability on material forming. Keywords: WAAM Technology, Fused deposition Modeling (FDM), Fiber Composite Printers, Ultrasonic Powder Atomization, Finite Element Modeling (FEM), Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), Rapid Prototyping in Additive Manufacturing, Directed Energy Deposition (DED), GTAW Droplet Deposition, Deep Learning, Thermoplastic Pultrusion, Textile Reinforcements, Thermoforming Simulation, New Sustainable Materials, Non-Crimp Fabrics, CFRP Scraps, PEEK Composites, Thermoplastic Sheets, Flax/PP Composites.

This book presents various solutions modeling in the performance and behavior of advanced materials and engineering structures. In this book, famous scientists in the field of materials mechanics share their knowledge in honor of the late Professor of Mechanics Klaus-Peter Herrmann from the University of Paderborn. This book discusses in particular topics like fracture and damage mechanics, numerical mathematics and computational simulations, and mechanics and thermodynamics of advanced materials.

This book is the first ever monograph on nematic liquid crystals for microwaves, millimeter waves and terahertz waves. It presents the first hand independent studies on nematic liquid crystals for microwaves, millimeter waves and terahertz waves. This book opens with an introduction to generic liquid crystals and a retrospective review about nematic liquid crystals in microwaves, millimeter waves and terahertz waves. Attention is then focused on the latest in-house progress on microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz nematic liquid crystals. Synthesis and characterization of novel nematic liquid crystals are first presented, followed by indigenous technologies to manufacture functional nematic liquid crystal devices for microwaves, millimeter waves and terahertz waves. A few self-developed representative advanced functional devices are shown to demonstrate the promising perspective of liquid crystals for not only microwaves, millimeter waves and terahertz waves but also many other non-display applications. The presented studies will attract scientists, engineers and students from various disciplines, such as materials, chemical, electrical, biological, and biomedical engineering. The book is intended for undergraduates, graduates, researchers, professionals and industrial practitioners who are interested in developing novel liquid crystals and further extending liquid crystals beyond display.

Semiconducting Polymer Materials for Biosensing Applications provides a comprehensive look at semiconducting polymer materials and their deposition, characterization and use in biosensors. The book begins with an introduction to the key materials and background of essential technologies. Major types of monomer chemistries and fabrication of polymer materials are discussed, with a focus on semiconducting films suitable for use in (bio)sensors. A survey of the state-of-the-art for organic thin-film polymer semiconductor sensor-based fabrication methods for materials and devices covers a wide range of chemical, material, physical and advanced fabrication techniques. The book concludes with a chapter on theoretical insights for designing sensors, (bio)sensors for medical, food and environmental applications and the future of sensors. This book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers and biomedical engineers in academia or industry. - Reviews the most promising semiconductor polymer materials, such as conjugated polymers most frequently used in biosensing applications - Provides an overview of the electrochemical techniques to process semiconductor polymer materials - Discusses the use of semiconductor polymer-based biosensors in biomedical, environmental, chemical and aerospace applications

Dynamic Behavior of Materials: Fundamentals, Material Models, and Microstructure Effects provides readers with the essential knowledge and tools necessary to determine best practice design, modeling, simulation and application strategies for a variety of materials while also covering the fundamentals of how material properties and behavior are affected by material structure and high strain rates. The book examines the relationships between material microstructure and consequent mechanical properties, enabling the development of materials with improved performance and more effective design of parts and components for high-rate applications. Sections cover the fundamentals of dynamic material behavior, with chapters studying dynamic elasticity and wave propagation, dynamic plasticity of crystalline materials, ductile fracture, brittle fracture, adiabatic heating and strain localization, response to shock loading, various material characterization methods, such as the Hopkinson Bar Technique, the Taylor Impact Experiment, different shock loading experiments, recent advances in dynamic material behavior, the dynamic behaviors of nanocrystalline materials, bulk metallic glasses, additively manufactured materials, ceramics, concrete and concrete-reinforced materials, geomaterials, polymers, composites, and biomaterials, and much more. - Focuses on the relationship between material microstructure and resulting mechanical responses - Covers the fundamentals, characterization methods, modeling techniques, applications and recent advances of the dynamic behavior of a broad array of materials - Includes insights into manufacturing and processing techniques that enable more effective material design and application

Hailed as the wonder material of the 21st century, graphene presents a wide range of possibilities in terms of its technological and industrial uses. This reference text provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in graphene-based research and technology. The book combines the necessary background and theory alongside a broad spectrum of cutting-edge applications of graphene and its types. Recent advances, including electronic, photonic, optoelectronic and sensing applications, and membranes and coatings, are presented in detail. Special chapters are devoted to the most contemporary attributes of graphene, mainly its metamaterial, magnetic and non-linear properties. The book concludes with a discussion of future prospects of graphene-based research. Aimed at both advanced researchers and those new to the field, the book is suitable for research scholars, scientists, teachers and the wider academic community. Key Features Provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in graphene-based research and technology Covers developments such as magnetism in graphene, graphene metamaterials and membranes and coatings Combines the necessary background, theory, and cutting-edge applications of graphene and its types Explores the latest synthesis techniques including CVD and the novel high yield exfoliation method Covers electronic, photonic, optoelectronic and sensing applications in detail

This book considers and compares three dynamic mathematical models: elastic, quasi-static and elastic-plastic. It also presents solutions to the problems of impact and non-stationary interaction of absolutely hard bodies and fine elastic shells. As is argued here, it is necessary to determine the life-resource and crack resistance of constructions such as an airplane, rockets, ships, trains, bearings, magistral gas- and oil-pipelines, all big scale metal constructions, constructions which have cylindric and spheric panels. The methodologies and approaches described in here will be useful for the precise solution of the problems of shock, thrust, and impact, and for the reliable simulation of dynamic contact processes. The approach provided to solving contact problems in the dynamic elastic-plastic formulation offers the reader the ability to design new composite reinforced and armed materials. As such, the book will be of interest to scientists, students, and engineers.

In the past decade, the field of physics has witnessed renewed advances in physical systems without mirror (parity) symmetry. Firstly, the experimental discovery of chiral magnetic skyrmions has stirred a great deal of anticipation because their nanoscale size, topological protection, and energy efficiency make them an attractive candidate for cutting-edge spintronic applications. Secondly, the discovery of Hall viscosity, a new universal transport coefficient, through advancements in hydrodynamics has triggered extensive theoretical work in quantum Hall systems.This book unites these two findings in an extensive account of skyrmion dynamics using novel analytical tools. Of particular interest is a generalized field theory Ward identity, a first principle method using symmetries and the associated conservation equations, which facilitates our understanding of Hall viscosity as a universal part of skyrmion motion. In articulating the role of this mysterious Hall viscosity in skyrmion physics, this book guides readers through frontline, interdisciplinary research that encompasses high-energy physics, condensed matter, and materials science. It also provides the necessary background and physical clarity for advanced undergraduates to meaningfully explore its contents through mathematical expressions conveyed in both vector and index notations.

Principles of Engineering Tribology: Fundamentals and Applications introduces readers to the core theories and fundamentals of the field, its basic terminology and concepts, as well as advanced topics such as the tribological properties of various engineering surfaces, roughness measurements, and the mechanics of surface contact. The fundamentals of friction and wear of metallic and non-metallic materials such as polymers, ceramics, rubbers, and composites are discussed, as are fluidic, gaseous, grease, and solid media lubrication techniques. In addition, the properties of lubricants and various types of additives incorporated are discussed, along with a methodology for conducting friction, wear and lubrication laboratory testing and an overview of simulation and modeling methods for various tribosystems. Case studies and applications are featured throughout, with a particular emphasis on analyzing failure modes of tribosystems. - Introduces the basic concepts of tribology, building a comprehensive understanding for readers and then covering more advanced topics - Discusses tribological properties of various engineering surfaces, roughness measurements, and mechanics of surface contact - Covers more advanced topics such as fluidic, gaseous, grease, and solid media lubricants, methods for conducing friction and wear laboratory tests, and more - Includes a wide-range of both traditional and state-of-the-art applications and case studies

This book brings together tutorial-style expository chapters on both foundational material and current research areas in near-field optics. The starting point for the book was the Summer School at the 16th International Conference on Near-Field Optics, Nanophotonics and Related Techniques (2022), with each Summer School short course represented by a chapter, along with an additional specially selected chapter on a complementary topic. Together, the chapters within present a modern perspective of the area of near-field optics, focusing on recent theoretical approaches, but also capturing the evolution of the field. Each chapter is written by an internationally-recognized expert and provides a tutorial on a different aspects of the theory and analytical methods for near-field optics, nanophotonics, and plasmonics. While the material will be accessible at the graduate level, it will also provide a useful reference for established researchers in near-field optics and scientists in nearby fields.

This book highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in cement-based materials (CBM) and concrete structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the International RILEM Conference on synergizing expertise toward sustainability and robustness of CBM and concrete structures (SynerCrete), held in Milos Island, Greece, on June 14-16, 2023. The aim of the conference was to discuss and arouse progress in research, development, and application of CBM and structural concrete through combination of expertise from distinct fields of knowledge, such as performance-based design, 3D modeling for analysis/design, building information modeling, and even robotics, while keeping focus on multiscale approaches at time and spatial levels. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning alternative concrete formulations for adaptation to climate change, performance-based and multiphysics/multiscale design and innovative testing, structural health monitoring and maintenance management, integral BIM-based planning, and resource-responsible building. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations. The two volumes encompass more than 200 original contributions in the field.

Developed from the author's course on advanced mechanics of composite materials, Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus® shows how powerful finite element tools tackle practical problems in the structural analysis of composites. This Second Edition includes two new chapters on'Fatigue'and'Abaqus Programmable Features'as well as a major update of chapter 10'Delaminations'and significant updates throughout the remaining chapters. Furthermore, it updates all examples, sample code, and problems to Abaqus 2020. Unlike other texts, this one takes theory to a hands-on level by actually solving problems. It explains the concepts involved in the detailed analysis of composites, the mechanics needed to translate those concepts into a mathematical representation of the physical reality, and the solution of the resulting boundary value problems using Abaqus. The reader can follow a process to recreate every example using Abaqus graphical user interface (CAE) by following step-by-step directions in the form of pseudo-code or watching the solutions on YouTube. The first seven chapters provide material ideal for a one-semester course. Along with offering an introduction to finite element analysis for readers without prior knowledge of the finite element method, these chapters cover the elasticity and strength of laminates, buckling analysis, free edge stresses, computational micromechanics, and viscoelastic models for composites. Emphasizing hereditary phenomena, the book goes on to discuss continuum and discrete damage mechanics as well as delaminations and fatigue. The text also shows readers how to extend the capabilities of Abaqus via'user subroutines'and Python scripting.Aimed at advanced students and professional engineers, this textbook features 62 fully developed examples interspersed with the theory, 82 end-of-chapter exercises, and 50+ separate pieces of Abaqus pseudo-code that illustrate the solution of example problems. The author's website offers the relevant Abaqus and MATLAB model files available for download, enabling readers to easily reproduce the examples and complete the exercises: https://barbero.cadec-online.com/feacm-abaqus/index.html. Video recording of solutions to examples are available on YouTube with multilingual captions.

This book gathers a selection of papers presented at the 5th International Scientific Conference “Environmental Challenges in Civil Engineering”, ECCE 2022, held on September 26-28, 2022, in Opole, Poland. Written by an international group of experts, it reports on findings concerning structural material behavior, and new methods and technologies in constructions. A special emphasis is given to sustainable constructions practices, including material recycling and reuse, renovation and restoration of historical building and to those fostering sustainable development of cities and rural areas, and a better integration of buildings with the environment. Offering a good balance of theory and practice, and covering both technical and organizational aspects in civil engineering and architectural projects, this book offers extensive information on solutions and current challenges in construction projects and structural interventions in the context of environmental protection and earthquake prevention.

This textbook covers the production of all relevant natural and man-made fibers, their inner structure, properties, applications, markets and historic development. More than 1,600 photos, maps and sketches complement the text. The properties of important fibers are compared in a large number of tables and graphics to simplify selecting an appropriate fiber for a given application.

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 6 of the Proceedings of the 2022 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the sixth volume of six from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Test Design and Inverse Method Algorithms Inverse Problems: Virtual Fields Method Material Characterizations Using Thermography Fatigue, Damage & Fracture Evaluation Using Infrared Thermography Residual Stress Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials

There is a strong need to store electrical energy from fluctuating renewable energy sources such as solar or wind and to decarbonize transport and industry. High-temperature electrolysis is expected to contribute significantly to reach these goals. This reference text provides a detailed guide, including the fundamental and materials aspects of solid oxide and protonic ceramic electrolysis cells at stack and system levels, as well as recent developments. Applications discussed include the production of green hydrogen as well as the combination of high-temperature electrolysis with other processes for the synthesis of ammonia, methane or e-fuels. Highly relevant to the field of renewable energy supply and conversion, the text provides a comprehensive and accessible reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students from various disciplines. Key Features Provides comprehensive coverage of high-temperature electrolysis using solid oxide cells with oxygen ion and protonic conductorsCovers the fundamentals of solid oxide and protonic ceramic electrolysis cells and their applications, including power-to-gas and power-to-XIncludes the integration of high-temperature electrolysis into the energy system, and economic analyses of power-to-gas processesProvides a comprehensive and accessible reference for graduate students and researchers, particularly those that are new to the fieldIncludes the latest developments, along with relevant open questions and methods needed to tackle them