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Exploring the intricate interaction of refractories with their application environments, this book delves into the realms of physical chemistry, heat and mass transfer, thermo-mechanics, and mineralogy. Departing from the conventional phenomenological approach, it ties experiences and lab findings to these core principles, fostering a deep understanding. This shift not only enhances traditional testing methods but also widens the scope for alternative investigative approaches. Emphasizing the connection to fundamental laws across scientific disciplines, readers gain profound insights into refractory behavior, elevating their problem-solving prowess. In sync with the current trends of simulation methods in refractory science and metallurgy, this book offers a contemporary perspective on the subject.

This book highlights the latest advances in advanced insulating materials. Energy crisis and environmental pollution are two major themes currently faced by the human society. It is of unprecedented strategic importance to construct a strong smart grid with super/ultra-high voltage network as the backbone and clean energy transmission as the leading force. However, the performance of electrical equipment and devices is greatly determined by the properties of their insulating materials, especially when they have to work in extreme circumstances including high-temperature differences, intense radiation, and strong electric fields. The key advantage of polymers is that their properties could be adjusted by changing their chemical composition and molecular structure. Research on polymer insulating materials has been highly successful as progress has been made in characterizing these properties, designing molecular structures, and studying polymers'specialized properties. On the other hand, nanodielectrics are prepared by adding certain nanoscale fillers into a polymer matrix to yield better electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. When the particle pretreatment methods and the content or category of fillers are adjusted, nanodielectrics tend to have greater breakdown strength as well as better high-temperature resistance and space charge suppression. Therefore, this book covers investigations of properties of insulating materials that explore their interface effects and composite structures and introduces findings in methods that improve the performance of electrical devices. The book is not only used as a timely reference for engineering and technical personnel in related fields but also as a comprehensive textbook for college students.

This book discusses heat transfer, which is an important topic in all physical phenomena that involve thermal energy transport. The focus is on the three major means of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. New materials, methods, and insights are presented that reflect the author's contributions in this area. After many years of experience in teaching and research, Dr. Wang has refined many useful analytic methods to treat thermo-fluid problems. Certain physical truths can only be revealed by analysis, and this book focuses on analytic means to solve heat transfer problems, rather than numerical and experimental methods. Although computer numerical solutions are becoming quite efficient, analytical solutions are still needed for numerical accuracy. This book is written in concise and understandable terms and is useful to practicing scientists and engineers and also serves as an ideal textbook for graduate students. For best results, readers should have completedundergraduate courses in differential equations, introductory heat transfer, and elementary fluid mechanics and should know how to use simple computer library functions such as integration and matrix inversion.

This book presents select proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (ICRAMERD 2023). The contents focus on latest research and current problems in various branches of mechanical engineering. Some of the topics discussed include fracture and failure analysis, fuels and alternative fuels, combustion and IC engines, advanced manufacturing technologies, powder metallurgy and rapid prototyping, industrial engineering and automation, vibrations and control engineering, automobile engineering, fluid mechanics and machines, heat transfer, composite materials, micro and nano-engineering for energy storage and conversion, and modeling and simulations. The book is useful for researchers and professionals in mechanical engineering.

This new edition retains its class-tested explanation of the physics of phase transformation and associated constraints from a metallurgical/materials science point of view, and adds an enhanced treatment of the underlying theoretical concepts with greater clarification. The new edition continues its examination of crystallography, mass transport by diffusion, thermodynamics, heat transfer and related temperature gradients, thermal deformation, and even fracture mechanics. The work presented emphasizes solidification and related analytical models based on heat transfer. This corresponds with the most fundamental physical event of continuous evolution of latent heat of fusion for directional or non-directional liquid-to-solid phase transformation at a specific interface with a certain geometrical shape, such as planar or curved front. Dr. Perez introduces mathematical and engineering approximation schemes for describing the phase transformation, mainly during solidification of pure metals and alloys. Giving clear definitions and explanations of theoretical concepts and full detail of derivation of formulae, this interdisciplinary volume is ideal for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students in applied science, and professionals in the metal making and surface reconstruction industries.

The book focuses primarily on experimental and analytical methods developed over many years to characterize the deformation and fracture of brittle materials under dynamic loading conditions. The dynamic response of brittle materials is highly nonlinear and complex, with practical applications ranging from explosive excavation of rocks to the design of ceramic armor and the protection of spacecraft windows from meteor impacts. It provides a comprehensive exploration of the challenges and methodologies involved in impact experiments and computational modeling of brittle solids under shock and impact loading, making it essential reading for those seeking realistic solutions to blast and ballistic problems. For example, the book emphasizes the significance of validating numerical code solutions through simulations. This involves understanding and evaluating the impact of various factors such as appropriate boundary conditions, high-resolution finite element meshes, solution time steps, contact algorithms, interface modeling, artificial viscosity, erosion of elements, particle conversion, and model parameters on the accuracy of solutions. It selectively presents examples of modeling and simulations of ballistic problems drawn from the open literature. While numerous articles on the book's topic exist in the literature, this volume integrates key aspects of high strain rate impact experiments, modeling, and simulations of brittle failure in ceramics, rocks, oil shale, and cementitious materials across various stress and strain states. To the best of the authors'knowledge, no other compilation covers such a wide array of experimental techniques used in this field, particularly for ceramics, yet adaptable for other heterogeneous brittle solids. Despite the extensive literature on this subject, most impact experimental configurations have been limited to specific geometries and have not encompassed the broad range of techniques necessary to characterize and validate constitutive behaviors used in modern numerical codes. Many researchers and engineers are often unaware of the specialized experiments and models presented in international conference proceedings or technical presentations. This book addresses that gap by encompassing a broader range of unique impact experiments, constitutive and damage modeling, and computational simulations not found in any existing publication.

This book presents the select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Recent Advancements of Mechanical Engineering (ICRAME 2022), which was held during 4th to 6th February 2021 at National Institute of Technology Silchar. The book entails the recent developments in different fields of mechanical engineering. The topics covered in this book include thermal engineering, design engineering, production and industrial engineering and surface engineering. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the various fields of mechanical engineering.

This book covers all aspects of composite materials processing and manufacturing using microwave heating technology and their applications in various industrial processes. Depending in the processing and material used, the composites are divided into three major segments: Metal matrix composites (MMCS), ceramics composites (CMCS), and polymer matrix composites (PMCS), respectively. During the manufacturing process of these composite materials, conventional heating technologies are used in which the heat is transferred from the electrical resistance coils to the material via conventional modes of heat transfer. Issues like non-uniform temperature distribution, poor curing efficiency, generation of the in-process scrap, long process cycle, high energy consumption and cost make traditional manufacturing route a difficult choice to select. Recently, microwave-assisted heating has emerged as a promising route for the fabrication of composites as a cost-effective environmentally sustainablemanufacturing process that yields improved mechanical properties which is the main topic of this book. It looks into the mechanism, salient features, and important aspects of microwave heating and their interaction with different composites materials. It also presents other manufacturing processes of various composites using microwave heating during casting, drilling, recycling, sintering, material joining, surface engineering. This book will appeal to students, researchers and scientists working in the area of composite materials processing and manufacturing.

This book presents select proceedings of the 2nd Biennial International Symposium on Fluids and Thermal Engineering (FLUTE 2023). It covers latest research trends in the areas of production engineering and technology such as sustainable manufacturing processes, rapid prototyping, process planning, production scheduling, manufacturing management and automation, metrology, optimization methods for production processes, developments in casting, welding, machining, materials and machine tools. The contents of this book are useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of manufacturing and materials engineering.

This book pioneers the exploration of hybrid-energy cutting for aerospace alloys, summarizing cutting-edge research on laser-assisted, ultrasonic vibration-assisted, electrical-assisted, and hybrid-energies-assisted cutting. It also covers enhanced heat transfer in cutting processes, proposing novel technologies for achieving geometric precision and surface integrity at low costs. The book delves into multi-energy fields interaction mechanisms, material removal, tool wear, and cutting performance of aerospace alloys, alongside green and high-efficient cooling technologies. Targeting researchers, scientists, engineers, and professionals in aerospace, materials science, mechanical engineering, and manufacturing, this advanced-level resource assumes a solid background in engineering and materials science. It provides detailed discussions on theoretical aspects and practical applications of hybrid-energy cutting techniques. This book is a valuable reference for advanced researchers and practitioners in aerospace alloys cutting. It provides a comprehensive exploration of hybrid-energy technologies, detailed insights into mechanisms and performance, and a focus on sustainable and cost-effective cutting solutions.

This textbook describes the fundamentals of the phenomena of fluid dynamics in the context of engineering instances. It is designed to replace introductory books and notes on the subject for first-level engineering courses as well as higher-level courses or for professional use. The use of this book requires the basic knowledge of mathematics and physics normally delivered in the early years of undergraduate study. However, the extensive use of examples and solved exercises proposes a parallel intuitive route to understanding the necessary mathematical formalisms. It proves that a new fluid dynamics text should not contain new ideas or formalisms, but should present the material in a modern and intuitive way. The approach chosen is primarily practical, so that that readers can practice by solving the proposed problems and examples in order to be prepared to solve the new problems they will encounter in their academic and professional activities. It serves as a teaching tool for courses in basic fluid dynamics, advanced fluid dynamics, turbulence, and aerodynamics.

This book discusses the scientific framework of thermoplastic deformation of structural metallic materials, in particular dual-phase steels and intermetallic alloys, emphasizing the attainment of desired alloy structures and properties through enhanced production techniques. By strategically manipulating the stress-strain state, a more uniform deformation is achieved, thereby fostering structural and property homogeneity. A novel experimental-theoretical approach is presented for correlating the stress-strain state with grain size and metal flow stress. Through extensive experimentation, flow curve dependencies and deformation resistance under varying temperature-velocity conditions are meticulously examined, facilitating their integration into specialized software platforms. Analytical formulations derived from experimental data enable the calculation of deformation resistance for special alloys and the establishment of optimal thermoplastic processing parameters. Aimed at scientific and technical professionals, as well as experts in metallurgy and materials science, this book offers invaluable insights into the advancement of alloy processing methodologies.

This book includes selected peer-reviewed articles from the International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technology; ICSET 2023 held at the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, with a focus on the theme “Sustainable Energy Technologies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.” Topics refer to heat and refrigeration engineering including heat transfer and heat exchanger, energy saving and efficient use of energy, energy safety, sustainable energy development and environmental protection, new energy and renewable energy, techniques for drying and preserving agricultural and food products, boilers and heat network, gasification, pyrolysis technology, air conditioning and ventilation, refrigeration equipment, computational fluid dynamics, computational intelligence in renewable energy, optimization in electrical–electronics systems, advanced manufacturing technologies, robotics and mechatronics, automotive engineering. The book not only provides an awareness on the vital importance of sustainability in technologies, economics, education and countries'development but also highlights the essential roles of technological innovations in attaining sustainable development. It provides an international platform for researchers, practitioners, policymakers and entrepreneurs to present recent advances and to exchange knowledge and experience on various topics related to the theme of sustainable energy technology in the fourth industrial revolution.

This monograph is a comprehensive exploration of the thermochemical treatment of iron alloys, focusing specifically on quenching, carburising, and nitriding. The book introduces the importance of materials engineering in the context of contemporary societal needs and delves into the historical development of thermochemical treatment over the centuries. The global challenges facing thermochemical treatment are also outlined while the three primary development trends identified in the literature at the beginning of the 21st century: reducing thermal deformation in mass production, process modelling, and a multifactorial reduction of treatment costs are also reviewed. Finally, a detailed discussion on the significance of computational methods in advancing thermochemical treatment is included. The book provides a detailed examination of thermochemical treatment processes and their evolution and is a useful tool for graduates, researchers, and professionals working in the area of materials engineering.

This comprehensive textbook highlights features of two phase flows and introduces the readers to flow patterns and flow maps. It covers a wide range of fundamental and complex subjects focusing on phase change processes like boiling, condensation or cavitation, and boiling phenomenon starting from pool boiling curves to heat transfer under nucleate boiling, film, and flow boiling. It also discusses themes such as numerical techniques for solving boiling and condensation as well as equipment used in industry for evaporation, boiling, and condensation. It includes pedagogical aspects such as end-of-chapter problems and worked examples to augment learning and self-testing. This book is a valuable addition for students, researchers, and practicing engineers.

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 6 of the Proceedings of the 2022 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the sixth volume of six from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Test Design and Inverse Method Algorithms Inverse Problems: Virtual Fields Method Material Characterizations Using Thermography Fatigue, Damage & Fracture Evaluation Using Infrared Thermography Residual Stress Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials

This book describes how comfort, energy and climate change in developing countries and vulnerable sectors of the population relate to buildings.The building sector is currently facing significant challenges connected to energy consumption, energy poverty and climate change effects. When studied in developing countries and vulnerable sectors of the population, these factors, which are commonplace in the tropics and the southern hemisphere, are interlinked and share a critical component: environmental comfort. Although progress has been made in environmental comfort through research and the development of standards and policies at the international level, in the Global South, where the countries with the highest levels of income inequality are concentrated, environmental comfort has its own characteristics and challenges that prevent a clear understanding from the established vision of the Global North.This book presents research, theories and techniques related to Thermal comfort, Indoor air quality, Visual comfort, and Acoustic comfort and its relationship with energy use and energy efficiency, seeking to address different barriers to environmental comfort. It shows how to improve the way buildings are designed and operated to promote healthier environmental conditions and more sustainable construction, by presenting studies and reflections carried out in the target geographical area: the Global South. In this way, this book contributes to developing the concept of environmental comfort, visualising how progress has been made in understanding it from a tropical and southern perspective, and posing common challenges.The book is intended for engineers, architects, and researchers of the built environment who are interested in environmental comfort and its influence on energy consumption, energy poverty, and other related factors in the Global South context. It is also a useful resource for decision-makers and public policy developers concerned with the indoor comfort of buildings. Moreover, the book aims to provide guidance for those in developing countries by gathering existing knowledge in the field for the tropics and southern hemisphere climatic and sociocultural contexts, allowing us to move forward in this subject with actions and proposed solutions that fit our particular needs.

This book introduces a unique 3D printing method that prints metal parts by ejecting metal micro-droplets: a low-cost, contactless, and environmentally friendly 3D printing technology. This book follows a deductive approach to describe the fundamentals of metal droplet-based 3D printing and reveal the relationships and unique features among multiple specific techniques used in droplet-based 3D printing. It starts with a general description of the principles and techniques involved in this technology and then focuses on the details of several specific metal droplet-ejection methods. Next, it puts forward various specific 3D printing techniques and illustrates their applications. This book is a valuable reference for scholars and researchers who work on metal 3D printing and other related areas. It is also used as a textbook for college graduate courses in mechanical manufacturing and material processing.

Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der Charakterisierung von additiv gefertigten Thermoplast-Leichtbaustrukturen. Die prozessbedingten Eigenheiten der additiven Fertigung beeinflussen die Prüfstrategien und die Charakterisierungsergebnisse. Daher werden einzelne Prüfstrategien zur Beurteilung der Qualität und der Leistungsfähigkeit auf das Verarbeitungsverfahren angepasst. Die qualitative Beurteilung erfolgte oberflächen- und volumenbasiert. Durch die Kombination beider Methoden konnten Ansammlungen von Porenvolumen den Fertigungseffekten zugeordnet werden. Die Bewertung des Verformungsverhaltens erfolgte in einem breiten Dehnratenbereich (statisch, quasistatisch und dynamisch), das Ermüdungsverhalten unter zyklischer Belastung wurde bis 108 Lastwechsel charakterisiert. Für die Untersuchungen im VHCF-Bereich wurde ein Hochfrequenz-Prüfsystem verwendet und die Temperaturentwicklung überwacht. Die adaptierten und neuentwickelten Prüfstrategien lassen sich in einer Prüfsystematik zusammenfassen, die die fertigungsbedingten Einflüsse berücksichtigen und einen sicheren Betrieb von langzeitbeanspruchten Thermoplast-Leichtbaustrukturen gewährleisten.

This book presents the select proceedings of 2nd International Congress on Advances in Mechanical and Systems Engineering (CAMSE 2021). It focuses on the recent advances in mechanical and systems engineering and their growing demands for increase in several design and development activities. The contents in this book cover a blend of mechanical engineering, computer-aided engineering, control engineering, and systems engineering to design and manufacture useful products. Various additional topics covered include mechanics, machines, materials science, thermo-fluids, and control with state-of-the-art computational methods to analyse, innovate, design, implement and operate complex systems which are economic, reliable, efficient and sustainable. Given the contents, this book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of mechanical engineering and allied fields.

This book comprises select papers presented at the conference on Technology Innovation in Mechanical Engineering (TIME-2021). The book discusses the latest innovation and advanced research in the diverse field of Mechanical Engineering such as materials, manufacturing processes, evaluation of materials properties for the application in automotive, aerospace, marine, locomotive and energy sectors. The topics covered include advanced metal forming, Energy Efficient systems, Material Characterization, Advanced metal forming, bending, welding & casting techniques, Composite and Polymer Manufacturing, Intermetallics, Future generation materials, Laser Based Manufacturing, High-Energy Beam Processing, Nano materials, Smart Material, Super Alloys, Powder Metallurgy and Ceramic Forming, Aerodynamics, Biological Heat & Mass Transfer, Combustion & Propulsion, Cryogenics, Fire Dynamics, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, Sensors and Transducers, Turbulent Flows, Reactive Flows, Numerical Heat Transfer, Phase Change Materials, Micro- and Nano-scale Transport, Multi-phase Flows, Nuclear & Space Applications, Flexible Manufacturing Technology & System, Non-Traditional Machining processes, Structural Strength and Robustness, Vibration, Noise Analysis and Control, Tribology. In addition, it discusses industrial applications and cover theoretical and analytical methods, numerical simulations and experimental techniques in the area of Mechanical Engineering. The book will be helpful for academics, including graduate students and researchers, as well as professionals interested in interdisciplinary topics in the areas of materials, manufacturing, and energy sectors.

This book offers a unique treatment of building insulating products and the integration of these products with building components. This book was written for all those involved in building design, specification, construction, and commissioning, providing them with an understanding of and appreciation for the wide variety of thermal insulation products and technologies available for use in all types of buildings. The book proceeds from basic definitions and discussion of heat-transfer topics and thermal insulation concepts, to the design and use of these products. The impact of thermal insulation on dynamic building performance, including factors other than heating and cooling, is also discussed.The book does not require an advanced mathematical background. The authors provide sufficient information to provide a qualitative understanding, with more mathematical sections included for those interested in modeling and analysis. The basic physics associated with heat transfer in buildings are presented, along with the steady-state and transient analysis techniques needed for the effective implementation of thermal insulation and assemblies.Modern building design involves the integration of comfort, safety, economics, durability and cost considerations, all of which impact the selection and use of thermal insulation materials in buildings. In addition to theoretical explanations of the underlying science, the book details the properties and application of new thermal insulation materials, including vacuum panels, gas-filled panels, aerogels, phase-change materials, and radiation control technologies.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers and building engineers wishing to understand the latest technologies and materials available, so as to achieve reduced energy consumption in commercial and residential buildings.

This book provides valuable information about fiber-reinforced polymer composites, with emphasis in the process of water absorption by experiments and simulation. In this monograph, we present and discuss emerging topics related to fundamentals, engineering applications, advanced mathematical modeling applied to Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion processes, analytical and computational procedures and experiments on water absorption of polymer composites reinforced by vegetable fibers. The book serves as a comprehensive learning tool for engineers, professionals, and researchers involved in this advanced interdisciplinary field, and as a reference work for both undergraduate and graduate courses.

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, and Advancement of Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation, Volume 4 of the Proceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fourth volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Test Design and Inverse Method Algorithms Inverse Problems: Virtual Fields Method Material Characterizations Using Thermography Fatigue, Damage & Fracture Evaluation Using Infrared Thermography Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials DIC Methods & Its Applications Photoelasticity and Interferometry Applications Micro-Optics and Microscopic Systems Multiscale and New Developments in Optical Methods

This second edition updates and expands on the class-tested first edition text, augmenting discussion of dynamic strain aging and austenitic stainless steels and adding a section on analysis of nickel-base superalloys that shows how the mechanical threshold stress (MTS) model, an internal state variable constitutive formulation, can be used to de-convolute synergistic effects. The new edition retains a clear and rigorous presentation of the theory, mechanistic basis, and application of the MTS model. Students are introduced to critical competencies such as crystal structure, dislocations, thermodynamics of slip, dislocation–obstacle interactions, deformation kinetics, and hardening through dislocation accumulation. The model described in this volume facilitates readers'understanding of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME), presenting context for the transition between length scales characterizing the mesoscale (mechanistic) and the macroscopic. Presenting readers a model buttressed by detailed examples and applications, the textbook is ideal for students, practitioners, and materials researchers.

The book describes the thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and working principle of the Ranque Hilsch Vortex Tube. Although vortex tubes have been around for a long time, different explications of their fundamental physics and operation can be found in literature and on the internet. This volume investigates the working principle based on thermodynamics and fluid dynamics. It provides full explication of these parameters in one single work along with results of new investigations not published elsewhere. In addition, the book features a wealth of illustrations on various aspects of the vortex tube that make it easy to read and understand.

The book provides basic and recent research insights concerning the small scale modeling and simulation of turbulent multi-phase flows. By small scale, it has to be understood that the grid size for the simulation is smaller than most of the physical time and space scales of the problem. Small scale modeling of multi-phase flows is a very popular topic since the capabilities of massively parallel computers allows to go deeper into the comprehension and characterization of realistic flow configurations and at the same time, many environmental and industrial applications are concerned such as nuclear industry, material processing, chemical reactors, engine design, ocean dynamics, pollution and erosion in rivers or on beaches. The work proposes a complete and exhaustive presentation of models and numerical methods devoted to small scale simulation of incompressible turbulent multi-phase flows from specialists of the research community. Attention has also been paid to promote illustrations and applications, multi-phase flows and collaborations with industry. The idea is also to bring together developers and users of different numerical approaches and codes to share their experience in the development and validation of the algorithms and discuss the difficulties and limitations of the different methods and their pros and cons. The focus will be mainly on fixed-grid methods, however adaptive grids will be also partly broached, with the aim to compare and validate the different approaches and models.

This textbook provides a general overview of porous media flow, and introduces various theoretical tools to characterize and predict the flow. It has been written for graduate and advanced graduate students in various engineering disciplines. It includes the topics such as fluid flow, conduction, convection, and radiation in porous media as well as porous medium aspects of biological systems. The concepts are supported by numerous solved examples to aid self-learning in students. The textbook also contains illustrated diagrams for better understanding of the concepts. This textbook will be useful for the core course of'Flow through Porous media'for graduate and advanced graduate students in various engineering disciplines. This textbook will also serve as a refresher course for researchers who are engaged in research related to porous media flow.

The book presents the select proceedings of the Third International Conference on Emerging Research in Civil, Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering (ERCAM 2021) and focuses on the broad themes of mechanical and aeronautical engineering. The book covers research developments in the field of materials, mechanics, structures, systems and sustainability. Various topics covered in this book include smart and multifunctional composite materials, nano materials, computational mechanics, solid mechanics, kinematics and dynamics, fatigue, fracture and life cycle analysis, smart structures-vibration and noise control, vibration, acoustics and condition monitoring, thermal/fluid systems and analysis. The book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the various areas of mechanical engineering.

Dieses essentials behandelt einen neuen Ansatz zur effizienteren Zerspanung von Stählen: Bei der Spanbildung handelt es sich um einen Vorgang mit unvollkommener Ähnlichkeit. Die Ähnlichkeitsmechanik geht davon aus, dass sich nur vollkommene Vorgänge geschlossen analytisch darstellen lassen. Daher wird der wirtschaftlich interessante Bereich der Zerspanung abgegrenzt, welcher vollkommene Ähnlichkeit besitzt und für diesen Bereich erstmals die analytischen Grundlagen für Lehre, Studium, Forschung, Entwicklung und Fertigung zusammengestellt. Ergebnis ist eine Optimierung der Maschineneinstelldaten für eine wirtschaftlichere und ressourcenschonendere Produktion.

This book systematically presents the consolidated findings of the phenomenon of self-organization observed during the onset of thermoacoustic instability using approaches from dynamical systems and complex systems theory. Over the last decade, several complex dynamical states beyond limit cycle oscillations such as quasiperiodicity, frequency-locking, period-n, chaos, strange non-chaos, and intermittency have been discovered in thermoacoustic systems operated in laminar and turbulent flow regimes. During the onset of thermoacoustic instability in turbulent systems, an ordered acoustic field and large coherent vortices emerge from the background of turbulent combustion. This emergence of order from disorder in both temporal and spatiotemporal dynamics is explored in the contexts of synchronization, pattern formation, collective interaction, multifractality, and complex networks. For the past six decades, the spontaneous emergence of large amplitude, self-sustained, tonal oscillations in confined combustion systems, characterized as thermoacoustic instability, has remained one of the most challenging areas of research. The presence of such instabilities continues to hinder the development and deployment of high-performance combustion systems used in power generation and propulsion applications. Even with the advent of sophisticated measurement techniques to aid experimental investigations and vast improvements in computational power necessary to capture flow physics in high fidelity simulations, conventional reductionist approaches have not succeeded in explaining the plethora of dynamical behaviors and the associated complexities that arise in practical combustion systems. As a result, models and theories based on such approaches are limited in their application to mitigate or evade thermoacoustic instabilities, which continue to be among the biggest concerns for engine manufacturers today. This book helps to overcome these limitations by providing appropriate methodologies to deal with nonlinear thermoacoustic oscillations, and by developing control strategies that can mitigate and forewarn thermoacoustic instabilities. The book is also beneficial to scientists and engineers studying the occurrence of several other instabilities, such as flow-induced vibrations, compressor surge, aeroacoustics and aeroelastic instabilities in diverse fluid-mechanical environments, to graduate students who intend to apply dynamical systems and complex systems approach to their areas of research, and to physicists who look for experimental applications of their theoretical findings on nonlinear and complex systems.

Solid chemisorption technology is an effective form of energy conversion for recovering low-grade thermal energy, but limited thermal conductivity and agglomeration phenomena greatly limit its performance. Over the past 20 years, researchers have explored the use of thermal conductive porous matrix to improve heat and mass transfer performance. Their efforts have yielded composite sorption technology, which is now extensively being used in refrigeration, heat pumps, energy storage, and de-NOx applications. This book reviews the latest technological advances regarding composite solid sorbents. Various development methods are introduced and compared, kinetic models are presented, and different cycles are analyzed.Given its scope, the book will benefit experts involved in developing novel materials and cycles for energy conversion, as well as engineers working to develop effective commercialized energy conversion systems based on solid sorption technology

Topologieoptimierungen ermöglichen die funktionsgerechte Gestaltung von Hochleistungskomponenten, resultieren jedoch zumeist in komplexen Bauteilgeometrien. Die Additive Fertigung ist aufgrund der möglichen großen Gestaltungsfreiheit besonders für die Herstellung solcher Komponenten geeignet. Es gilt jedoch die prozessseitigen Restriktionen der Additiven Fertigung zu berücksichtigen, um die Herstellbarkeit der Bauteile sicherzustellen. Eine direkte Integration der Restriktionen in die Topologieoptimierungen erhöht dabei die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Konstruktion. In der Arbeit wurden neue Methoden zur Stoffschlüssigkeit, der Vermeidung von geschlossenen Kavitäten sowie die Vermeidung von nicht selbststützenden Kanälen erforscht.

This book reports thermo-mechanical coupling constitutive equations and impact damage distributions of 3-D braided composite materials under impulsive loadings, in multidisciplinary fields among mechanical engineering, textile engineering and impact dynamics. The 3-D braided composite is one of the unique textile composites with integrated braided preform structure. Currently the 3-D braided composite has been rapidly applied to aerospace, automotive and medical engineering because the materials could realize the integration of material structure to manufacture complex structural parts and reduce the number of assembly connections. This book presents a thermo-mechanical coupled multiscale geometrical model of the 3-D braiding composite beams and tubes for analyzing damage mechanisms under various impact velocities. Impact deformation and damage morphologies have been described both in experimental observations with high speed cameras, micro-CT and finite element analyses. All theimpact damages are shown in figures for unveiling the relationships between microstructure and failure modes. This provides a vivid way for how to design braided structures with high impact damage tolerance. The book is intended for graduate students who are interested in composite materials and mechanics, researchers investigating on impact dynamics of composite structure design, and engineers working on impact-proof structure design. The English translation of this book from its Chinese original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service provider DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author.

Die Speicherung von thermischer Energie in Form von Wärme und Kälte steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches. Inhalt sind die Themenbereiche wassergefüllte Speicher mit sensibler Wärme, latente Wärme-/Kältespeicher mit Phasenwechsel-Materialien sowie das Gebäude als thermischer Speicher. Dazu kommen Anwendungen im Bereich der Gebäude und Quartiere. Dabei liegt der Focus immer wieder auf der Belade- und Entladedynamik der unterschiedlichen Speichertypen.

This book reports on topics at the interface between mechanical and chemical engineering, emphasizing design, simulation, and manufacturing. Specifically, it covers recent developments in the mechanics of solids and structures, numerical simulation of coupled problems, including fatigue, fluid behavior, particle movement, pressure distribution. Further, it reports on developments in chemical process technology, heat and mass transfer, energy-efficient technologies, and industrial ecology. Based on the 4th International Conference on Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation Exchange (DSMIE-2021), held on June 8-11, 2021, in Lviv, Ukraine, this second volume of a 2-volume set provides academics and professionals with extensive information on trends, technologies, challenges and practice-oriented experience in the above-mentioned areas.

Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1 of the Proceedings of the 2020 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the first volume of seven from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers on:Synchrotron Applications/Advanced Dynamic ImagingQuantitative Visualization of Dynamic EventsNovel Experimental TechniquesDynamic Behavior of GeomaterialsDynamic Failure & FragmentationDynamic Response of Low Impedance MaterialsHybrid Experimental/Computational StudiesShock and Blast LoadingAdvances in Material ModelingIndustrial Applications

This book highlights novel applications of innovative fabrics in the design of an interlayer between the scalp and the helmet lining of motorcycle helmets to control the temperature inside the helmet. It examines various fibre microstructure configurations and fibre treatments in terms of their ability to assist in the dissipation of heat from the scalp. The findings presented here will be of considerable benefit to motorcyclists in South East Asia and other tropical regions.

This book focuses on the effects of the material, porosity, pore size and pore shape on flow behaviour and heat transfer in microscale porous media manufactured using a space holder method. It also describes a novel approach to studying flow behaviour in non-transparent materials such as porous metals via flow visualization in transparent media that mimic the porous structure. The book employs a combination of microparticle image velocimetry – a modern, advanced technique – and pressure drop measurement – a more traditional method – that makes the mechanistic study of several phenomena possible. It covers the identification of various flow regimes and their boundaries, velocity profiles on the microscale, the heat transfer coefficient under forced convection, and the correlation between flow behaviour on the pore scale and the convective heat transfer performance of the porous media. Understanding the fundamentals of porous flow, especially on the microscale, is critical for applications of porous media in heat exchangers, catalytic convertors, chemical reactors, filtration and oil extraction. Accordingly, this book offers a valuable resource for all researchers, graduate students and engineers working in the areas of porous flow and porous materials.

This book, the first of a two-volume set, focuses on the basic physical principles of blackbody radiometry and describes artificial sources of blackbody radiation, widely used as sources of optical radiation, whose energy characteristics can be calculated on the base of fundamental physical laws.Following a review of radiometric quantities, radiation laws, and radiative heat transfer, it introduces the basic principles of blackbody radiators design, details of their practical implementation, and methods of measuring their defining characteristics, as well as metrological aspects of blackbody-based measurements. Chapters are dedicated to the effective emissivity concept, methods of increasing effective emissivities, their measurement and modeling using the Monte Carlo method, techniques of blackbody radiators heating, cooling, isothermalization, and measuring their temperature.An extensive and comprehensive reference source, this book is of considerable value to students, researchers, and engineers involved in any aspect of blackbody radiometry.

This book presents recent research in the area of construction pathology, hygrothermal behaviour of buildings, service life and diagnostic techniques, and highlights the latest developments in building physics, hygrothermal behaviour, durability and numerical models applied to building materials analysis. Discussing the state of the art in the field, and covering topics relevant to variety of engineering disciplines, such as civil, materials and mechanical engineering, it will appeal to scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other stakeholders.

This book gathers papers presented at the international workshop PMSDAM'19. The respective contributions offer valuable insights for researchers working on numerical solutions to advanced materials problems. The problems concerning the remineralization of teeth are considered. Of particular interest are articles exploring topics at the interface of different disciplines.

This book is a translation from a Russian book. In 2007, the authors created a new generation of layered composite-based sensors, whose advantages are high technology and thermal stability. The use of gradient heat flux sensors in laboratory and industrial conditions confirmed their reliability, showed high information, and allowed a number of priority results to be obtained. All of this is summarized in this book.

This book marks the 60th birthday of Prof. Vladimir Erofeev – a well-known specialist in the field of wave processes in solids, fluids, and structures. Featuring a collection of papers related to Prof. Erofeev's contributions in the field, it presents articles on the current problems concerning the theory of nonlinear wave processes in generalized continua and structures. It also discusses a number of applications as well as various discrete and continuous dynamic models of structures and media and problems of nonlinear acoustic diagnostics.

This book presents a liber amicorum dedicated to Wolfgang H. Müller, and highlights recent advances in Prof. Müller's major fields of research: continuum mechanics, generalized mechanics, thermodynamics, mechanochemistry, and geomechanics. Over 50 of Prof. Müller's friends and colleagues contributed to this book, which commemorates his 60th birthday and was published in recognition of his outstanding contributions.

This book focuses on theoretical thermotics, the theory of transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. The book covers the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to understand thermal problems extensively investigated in physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied with computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This book serves both as a reference work for senior researchers and a study text for zero beginners.

This book features selected papers from the 11th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST 2018), held in Taipei, Taiwan. Covering the entire spectrum of fire safety science, it focuses on research on fires, explosions, combustion science, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, risk analysis and structural engineering, as well as other topics. Presenting advanced scientific insights, the book introduces and advances new ideas in all areas of fire safety science. As such it is a valuable resource for academic researchers, fire safety engineers, and regulators of fire, construction and safety authorities. Further it provides new ideas for more efficient fire protection.

This Brief deals with Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) for heat exchangers, single phase flow, objective function and constraints, algebraic formulation, constant flow rate, fixed flow area, thermal resistance, heat exchanger effectiveness, relations for St and f, finned tube banks, variations of PEC, reduced exchanger flow rate, exergy based PEC, PEC for two-phase heat exchangers, work consuming, work producing and heat actuated systems. The authors explain Performance Criteria of Enhanced Heat Transfer Surfaces—the ratio of enhanced performance to the basic performance—and its importance for Heat Transfer Enhancement and efficient thermal management in devices.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of thermodynamics. It is divided into four parts, the first of which equips readers with a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics of equilibrium states and of their evolution. The second part applies these principles to a series of generalized situations, presenting applications that are of interest both in their own right and in terms of demonstrating how thermodynamics, as a theory of principle, relates to different fields. In turn, the third part focuses on non-equilibrium configurations and the dynamics of natural processes. It discusses both discontinuous and continuous systems, highlighting the interference among non-equilibrium processes, and the nature of stationary states and of fluctuations in isolated systems. Lastly, part four introduces the relation between physics and information theory, which constitutes a new frontier in fundamental research.The book includes step-by-step exercises, with solutions, to help readers to gain a fuller understanding of the subjects, and also features a series of appendices providing useful mathematical formulae. Reflecting the content of modern university courses on thermodynamics, it is a valuable resource for students and young scientists in the fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering.

This textbook covers chemical thermodynamics in materials science from basic to advanced level, especially for iron and steel making processes.To improve a process by applying knowledge of thermodynamics or to assess the calculation results of thermodynamic software, an accurate and systematic understanding of thermodynamics is required. For that purpose, books from which one can learn thermodynamics from the basic to the advanced level are needed, but such books are rarely published. This book bridges the gap between the basics, which are treated in general thermodynamic books, and their application, which are only partially dealt with in most specialized books on a specific field.This textbook can be used to teach the basics of chemical thermodynamics and its applications to beginners. The basic part of the book is written to help learners acquire robust applied skills in an easy-to-understand manner, with in-depth explanationsand schematic diagrams included. The same book can be used by advanced learners as well. Those higher-level readers such as post-graduate students and researchers may refer to the basic part of the book to get down to the basic concepts of chemical thermodynamics or to confirm the basic concepts. Abundant pages are also devoted to applications designed to present more advanced applied skills grounded in a deep understanding of the basics. The book contains some 50 examples and their solutions so that readers can learn through self-study.