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The book presents practical and theoretical works on superplasticity in metals and ceramics, on deformation mechanisms, on processes to obtain large ultrafine-grained structures, on advanced characterization techniques, and on hot deformation of advanced materials. Key papers focus on (1) processing of metallic alloys for achieving exceptional superplastic properties, (2) high-pressure sliding (HPS) processes, (3) in-situ neutron and synchrotron methods, and (4) ultra-severe plastic deformation. Keywords: Superplasticity, Superfunctionality, High-pressure Sliding, High-pressure Torsion, Precise Forming, Numerical Simulation, Aeronautical Parts, Near-unconstrained Superplastic Parts, Low-temperature Superplasticity, Friction Stir Processing, Microstructure Evolution, Corrosion Properties, Duplex Stainless Steel, Grain Boundary Sliding, Laminated Materials, Asymmetric Hot Rolling, Uniaxial Hot Pressing, Diffusion Bonding.

This book describes the operations and industrial processes related to the production of advanced materials including ingot and powder metallurgy processing routes. It outlines the deformation processing mechanisms inducing failure at both ambient and high temperatures. Further, it embodies practical knowledge and engineering mechanisms of traditional and unorthodox material disposal approaches, concurrently with gear cutting/ manufacturing and computer numerically controlled machining. The surface fusion of metals in the production of coatings via the process of laser cladding is also covered.Features: Covers novel and multi-variety techniques of materials processing and manufacturing. Reports on the significant variables of the processes and basic operations of advanced materials. Discusses fundamental and engineering machining analysis. Includes novel fabrication of TiAl alloys using both powder and ingot metallurgy routes. Enables critical thinking through technical problem solving of local service manufacturers. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in materials and manufacturing engineering.

Felix Julian Stern befasst sich in dieser Arbeit mit der Charakterisierung von Stählen, die mittels pulverbettbasierter Laserfusion gefertigt wurden. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind für additiv gefertigte Werkstoffe prozessbedingte Defekte wie Poren und Anbindungsfehler, die insbesondere unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung durch ihre Kerbwirkung zu einem vorzeitigen Versagen des Werkstoffs führen. Aus diesem Grund liegt der Fokus der Untersuchungen zu einem Teil auf einer systematischen Herangehensweise zur Charakterisierung des Defekteinflusses auf die Ermüdungseigenschaften, indem Defekte mit definierter Größe, Form und Lage in einen austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stahl erzeugt wurden. An diesen Proben erfolgten Ermüdungsversuche, deren Ergebnisse in Kombination mit den Informationen über den künstlich eingebrachten Defekt dazu verwendet werden, zwei bruchmechanische Modelle von Murakami sowie von Shiozawa zur Beschreibung des Ermüdungsverhaltens zu validieren. Im zweiten Teil werden diese Modelle dazu genutzt, den Einfluss des Legierungselements Stickstoff in einem weiteren austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stahl zu untersuchen, wobei sowohl das Ermüdungsverhalten an Luft als auch in korrosivem Medium erfolgreich beschrieben wird. Diese Arbeit bietet somit Ansätze zur systematischen Bewertung des Einflusses von Defekten auf additiv gefertigte Werkstoffe und zur Beschreibung des Ermüdungsverhaltens unter korrosiver Beanspruchung.

The book integrates theory, numerical methods, and practical applications seamlessly. MATLAB and MathCad programs are provided for readers to master the theory, understand the approach, and to further develop and apply the methods to geological problems. Multiscale and multi-physics investigations of Earth and planetary processes have been an active trend of research in Earth Sciences, thanks to the development of scientific computation and computer software and hardware. Based on the author's research and teaching over the past 15 years, the book stands alone as the first comprehensive text in unifying fundamental continuum micromechanics theory, geometric/kinematic analysis, and applications. The book should appeal to a broad audience of students and researchers, particularly those in the fields of structural geology, tectonics, (natural and experimental) rock deformation, mineral physics and rheology, and numerical modeling of multiscale and coupling processes.

This collection presents fundamentals and the current status of friction stir welding (FSW) and solid-state friction stir processing of materials and provides researchers and engineers with an opportunity to review the current status of the friction stir related processes and discuss the future possibilities. Contributions cover various aspects of friction stir welding and processing including their derivative technologies. Topics include, but are not limited to:• Derivative technologies • High-temperature applications • Industrial applications • Dissimilar alloys and/or materials • Lightweight alloys • Simulation • Characterization • Non-destructive examination techniques

This collection presents papers from the 152nd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Biomedical Applications covers tissue engineering, scaffolds, implant and dental application, wound healing and adhesives. The book is one of four volumes that together provide a comprehensive resource in the field of Advanced Ceramic Coatings, also including titles covering: fundamentals, manufacturing, and classification; energy applications; and emerging applications. This books will be extremely useful for academic and industrial researchers and practicing engineers who need to find reliable and up-to-date information about recent progresses and new developments in the field of advanced ceramic coatings. It will also be of value to early career scientists providing background knowledge to the field. Smart ceramic coatings containing multifunctional components are now finding application in transportation and automotive industries, in electronics, and energy sectors, in aerospace and defense, and in industrial goods and healthcare. Their wide application and stability in harsh environments are only possible due to the stability of the inorganic components used. Ceramic coatings are typically silicon nitride, chromia, hafnia, alumina, alumina-magnesia, silica, silicon carbide, titania, and zirconia-based compositions. The increased demand for these materials and their application in energy, transportation, and the automotive industry, are considered, to be the main drivers. - Provides comprehensive coverage of biomedical applications of advanced ceramic coatings - Covers basic principles of surface chemistry and the fundamentals of ceramic materials and engineering - Features the latest progress and recent technological developments - Includes comparisons to other coating types (e.g., polymers, metals, and enamel) to demonstrate the potential, limitations, and differences - Contains extensive case studies and worked examples

Introduction to Heterostructured Materials provides updates on the historical perspective of the development of these materials, which is followed by a review of the basic background on mechanical behaviors and properties of metals and alloys. Next, both the definition and the fundamental principles and deformation behavior of heterostructured materials are covered, as well as their processing and properties and various design principles. The book supports graduate students and researchers entering this field, senior scientists who are already working in this field, engineers in the manufacturing industry, and professors who are teaching advanced materials and technologies. Heterostructured materials not only possess superior mechanical and/or physical properties that are not accessible to their conventional homogeneous counterparts, but they are also conducive to large-scale industrial production at low cost. - Written in a systematic and easy to read style - Discusses the mechanical behaviors of coarse-grained metals and nanostructured metals - Focuses on the uniqueness of microstructures, behaviors and their fundamental scientific issues - Includes the design and potential applications for various heterostructured materials

Due to the structural and functional flexibility and complexity of ferroelectrics, the fundamental science and applications of this material family is continuously evolving. This reference text covers the most significant advances in the field of ferroelectrics over the past decade. The fundamental aspects describe studies based on first-principles calculations, multiscale simulation and ferroelectric models adapted from ferromagnetic counterparts. The experimental aspects describe advanced ferroelectric ceramics made from band-gap-engineered compositions pioneered in emerging multi-sensing and energy harvesting applications, topological defects in ferroelectrics for nanoelectronics, and the emergence of ferroelectricity in halide perovskites. The book links fundamental science to experiments and applications, which is urgently needed by ferroelectrics researchers who must gain knowledge in both aspects. Readers will uncover the latest verified research results and conclusions reached by well-known, pioneering and leading scientists in each of the topics.Key Features Covers the most significant new developments in ferroelectrics research, including fundamental studies and emerging applicationsLinks fundamental aspects such as modelling with practical aspects such as microstructure and applications, providing a holistic view that is increasingly needed as ferroelectrics research moves towards simulation-guided experimental validationsIncludes case studies, worked examples and end-of-chapter summariesDiscusses applications including the use of ferroelectric materials in multi-sensing and energy harvesting applications, nanoelectronics, advanced electronics and halide perovskites

This book provides recent development in thin-film solar cells (TFSC). TFSC have proven the promising approach for terrestrial and space photovoltaics. TFSC have the potential to change the device design and produce high efficiency devices on rigid/flexible substrates with significantly low manufacturing cost. TFSC have several advantages in manufacturing compared to traditional crystalline Si-solar cells like less requirement of materials, can be prepared with earth's abundant materials, less processing steps, easy to dispose, etc. Several universities/research institutes/industry in India and abroad are involved in the research area of thin-film solar cells. The book helps the readers to find the details about different thin-film technologies and its advancement at one place. Each chapter covers properties of materials, its suitability for PV applications, simple manufacturing processes and recent and past literature survey. The issues related to the development of high efficiencyTFSC devices over large area and its commercial and future prospects are discussed.

Selected peer-reviewed extended papers abstracts of which were presented at the 11th Spring International Conference on Material Sciences and Technology (MST-S 2022)Aggregated Book

Selected peer-reviewed extended papers abstracts of which were presented at the 15th conference “Contribution of Metallography to Production Problem Solutions”Aggregated Book

The NUMISHEET conference series is the most significant international conference on the area of the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes. It gathers the most prominent experts in numerical methods in sheet forming processes and is an outstanding forum for the exchange of ideas and for the discussion of technologies related to sheet metal forming processes. Topics covered in this volume include but are not limited to the following: Materials Modeling and Experimental Testing MethodsFriction and ContactFormability, Necking, and FractureInstabilities and Surface DefectsFracture and DamageNumerical MethodsSpringbackIncremental Sheet FormingRoll FormingInnovative Forming MethodsProduct and Process Design and Optimization

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the Broad Exposure to Science and Technology (BEST 2021)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the Broad Exposure to Science and Technology (BEST 2021), August 31, 2021, virtual

As technology advances, it is imperative to stay current in the newest developments made within the engineering industry and within material sciences. Trends in manufacturing such as 3D printing, casting, welding, surface modification, computer numerical control (CNC), non-traditional, Industry 4.0 ergonomics, and hybrid machining methods must be closely examined to utilize these important resources for the betterment of society. Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Engineering and Engineered Materials provides a unified and complete overview about the recent and emerging trends, developments, and associated technology with scope for the commercialization of techniques specific to manufacturing materials. This book also reviews the various machining methods for difficult-to-cut materials and novel materials including matrix composites. Covering topics such as agro-waste, conventional machining, and material performance, this book is an essential resource for researchers, engineers, technologists, students and professors of higher education, industry workers, entrepreneurs, researchers, and academicians.

Modern Permanent Magnets provides an update on the status and recent technical developments that have occurred in the various families of permanent magnets produced today. The book gives an overview of the key advances of permanent magnet materials that have occurred in the last twenty years. Sections cover the history of permanent magnets, their fundamental properties, an overview of the important families of permanent magnets, coatings used to protect permanent magnets and the various tests used to confirm specifications are discussed. Finally, the major applications for each family of permanent magnets and the size of the market is provided. The book also includes an Appendix that provides a Glossary of Magnetic Terms to assist the readers in better understanding the technical terms used in other chapters. This book is an ideal resource for materials scientists and engineers working in academia and industry R&D. - Provides an in-depth overview of all of the important families of permanent magnets produced today - Includes background information on the fundamental properties of permanent magnets, major applications of each family of permanent magnets, and advances in coatings and coating technology - Reviews the fundamentals of permanent magnet design

Volume 87 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry covers fundamental aspects of the nature of silicate melts and the implications for the systems in which they participate, both technological and natural. The contents of this volume may perhaps best be summarized as structure – properties – dynamics. The volume contains syntheses of short and medium range order, structure-property relationships, and computation-based simulations of melt structure. It continues with analyses of the properties (mechanical, diffusive, thermochemical, redox, nucleation, rheological) of melts. The dynamic behavior of melts in magmatic and volcanic systems, is then treated in the context of their behavior in magma mixing, strain localization, frictional melting, magmatic fragmentation, and hot sintering. Finally, the non-magmatic, extraterrestrial and prehistoric roles of melt and glass are presented in their respective contexts.

The Light Metals symposia at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition present the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. The annual Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2022 collection includes contributions from the following symposia: • Alumina and Bauxite • Aluminum Alloys, Processing and Characterization • Aluminum Reduction Technology • Aluminum Reduction Technology Joint Session with REWAS: Decarbonizing the Metals Industry • Cast Shop Technology • Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production • Primary Aluminum Industry—Energy and Emission Reductions: An LMD Symposium in Honor of Halvor Kvande • Recycling and Sustainability in Cast Shop Technology: Joint Session with REWAS 2022

The Magnesium Technology Symposium at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition is one of the largest yearly gatherings of magnesium specialists in the world. Papers represent all aspects of the field, ranging from primary production to applications and recycling. Moreover, papers explore everything from basic research findings to industrialization. Magnesium Technology 2022 is a definitive reference that covers a broad spectrum of current topics, including novel extraction techniques; primary production; alloys and their production; integrated computational materials engineering; thermodynamics and kinetics; plasticity mechanisms; cast products and processing; wrought products and processing; forming, joining, and machining; corrosion and surface finishing; fatigue and fracture; dynamic response; structural applications; degradation and biomedical applications; emerging applications; additive manufacturing of powders; and recycling, ecological issues, and life cycle analysis.

Nanomaterials in the Battle Against Pathogens and Disease Vectors presents an overview of the use of nanotechnology to mitigate pathogens of concern, and is the first book to discuss applications of nanotechnology in the fight against all three major domains of disease-causing pathogens. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites constitute the list of emerging and re-emerging pathogens of high priority. Nanotechnology has proven to be a groundbreaking success in the elimination, targeted toxicity, precise immunogenicity, diagnosis, and imaging of these major pathogens and disease vectors. This text discusses basic concepts and advanced applications for bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It describes the use of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles and nanotoxicity, as well as presents future applications of nanotechnology in biological applications. This work is ideal for engineers and scientists across the interdisciplinary fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, and others concerned with mitigating the risk and effect of pathogens.

As a fast-emerging and growing class of magnetic materials, ferrites have generated an increasing amount of interest for providing specific magnetic properties through controlled mixture in composites. The study of magnetic ferrite nanocomposites requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving novel synthesis techniques and an understanding of solid-state physics, electronic engineering, and material science. Magnetic Ferrites and Related Nanocomposites covers recent trends of various types of ferrite nanocomposites and evaluating the mechanisms for interpreting static and dynamic magnetic properties. Sections cover the fundamentals of magnetism, introducing different kinds of ferrites, ferrite characterization techniques, magneto-electric ferrite nanocomposites, exchange spring ferrite nanocomposites, shielding effectiveness and microwave absorption characteristics of ferrite-carbon materials, photocatalytic application of ferrite nanocomposites, and novel synthesis techniques for fabricating ferrite in nanoparticles, bulks, thin films, and nanofiber configurations. This book is an important reference for scientists, researchers, graduate students, and practitioners active in this field in order to broaden their understanding of ferrite nanocomposites and their impact on modern technology. - Provides background information regarding various basic magnetic phenomena and related theories, and defines the different natures of magnetic materials - Covers a wide range of hard and soft ferrites and related nanocomposites, particularly focusing on the correlation between structural features and magnetic analysis - Explores the role of substituted cations on the structural, thermal, magnetic, and microwave characteristics of ferrites and their nanocomposites - Discusses the mechanism involved for magnetic properties of major types of ferrite-ferroelectric magneto-electric components, exchange spring ferrite nanocomposites for fabricating next-generation permanent magnets, ferrite carbon nanocomposites for suppressing high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, and ferrite photocatalysts for omitting pollutants from our environment - Assesses the major challenges of experimental characterization and novel manufacturing techniques for fabrication of high quality ferrite, in terms of purity, shape, size, and distribution, and the application on an industrial scale

Principles of Electron Optic: Volume Three: Wave Optics, discusses this essential topic in microscopy to help readers understand the propagation of electrons from the source to the specimen, and through the latter (and from it) to the image plane of the instrument. In addition, it also explains interference phenomena, notably holography, and informal coherence theory. This third volume accompanies volumes one and two that cover new content on holography and interference, improved and new modes of image formation, aberration corrected imaging, simulation, and measurement, 3D-reconstruction, and more. The study of such beams forms the subject of electron optics, which divides naturally into geometrical optics where effects due to wavelength are neglected, with wave optics considered. - Includes authoritative coverage of the fundamental theory behind electron beams - Describes the interaction of electrons with solids and the information that can be obtained from electron-beam techniques - Addresses recent, relevant research topics, including new content on holography and interference, new modes of image formation, 3D reconstruction and aberration corrected imaging, simulation and measurement

This book covers the most important aspects of lightweight metal alloys including history, physical metallurgy, overview of production technologies, alloy development, compositing, post-processing (heat treatment, surface engineering, bulk-deformation), and joining methodologies. It discusses the microstructural evolution, fractography, morphology of corroded and worn surface to enable easy understanding of the mechanism. The topics covered in this book include lightweight metallic materials, instrumental characterization of light weight metal alloys and composites, severe plastic deformation processing of aluminum alloys, solid-state welding of aluminum alloys, aluminum metal matrix composite for automotive and aircraft applications, and heat treatment of aluminum metal matrix composites. The book is highly useful for students, researchers, academicians, scientists, and engineers working on lightweight materials.

This book describes the properties of materials used for making percussion instruments for classical music played by a symphony orchestra in which the instruments could be played as a soloist instrument or as a group or several groups of instruments, as they are included into a musical work. A chapter is devoted to the bells. The scope of this book is primarily confined to percussion instruments of symphony orchestras taking into account the centuries of musical art and tradition. This book bridges the gap in the technical literature on describing the properties of materials for percussion instruments—timpani, other drums, marimba, xylophone, vibraphone, gong, cymbal, triangle, celesta, castanets.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Because of its simplicity of use and quantitative results, Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) has become an indispensable tool for the study of surface reactivity. The fast expansion of the SECM field over several years has been fueled by the introduction of new probes, commercially available instrumentation, and new practical applications. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Third Edition offers essential background and in-depth overviews of specific applications in self-contained chapters.The vitality and growing popularity of SECM over the past 30+ years have largely been determined by its versatility and capability to remain useful in the changing scientific and technological environments. New applications reported during the last decade reflect significant current activity in biomedical and energy-related research. This thoroughly updated edition provides up-to-date comprehensive reviews of different aspects of SECM.New chapters by renowned professionals in the field cover recent advances in different areas of SECM including nanoSECM, surface reactions and films, batteries, and fuel cells. Expanded coverage of electrocatalysis and surface interrogation as well as photoelectrochemistry and photoelectrocatalysis are also provided.Useful for a broad range of interdisciplinary research—from biological systems to nanopatterning—this book is invaluable to all interested in learning and applying SECM.

Ronja Victoria Scholz assesses the performance of cellulose-based Cottonid for implementation as sustainable construction material. Quasi-static and fatigue tests are performed in varying hygrothermal test conditions using mechanical testing systems in combination with integrable climate chambers. To investigate humidity-driven actuation properties, customized specimen holders are designed. Accompanying microstructural in situ experiments in analytical devices enable a profound understanding of effective material-specific damage and failure mechanisms. The findings are transferred into strength-deformation diagrams as well as Woehler curves, which enable a comparative evaluation of several process-related and environmental influencing factors and can directly be used for dimensioning of Cottonid elements for structural applications. The interpretation of thermoelastic material reponse during loading is used as scientific value for lifetime prediction. Comprehensive investigations on industrial standard materials as well as structurally optimized Cottonid variants provide a scientific basis for categorizing material's structural and functional performance towards common technical plastics and wood.

Refractory metals such as W, Mo, Ta, Nb, and Re have immense potential for application in plasma-facing materials in nuclear reactors, defense materials, aviation counterweights, heating elements in furnaces, and so forth. This book presents a wide perspective of oxide dispersion strengthened refractory alloys fabrication and critical properties. It provides a comprehensive road map for an appropriate basis for alloy design, process parameter selection, fabrication route, and deformation behavior for oxide dispersion strengthened refractory alloys. It further covers achievement of application-oriented properties and critical process-regulating parameters for development of sustainable materials.Features: Covers development of oxide dispersion strengthened sustainable material to withstand high-temperature environments Describes stimulating application-oriented final mechanical properties Illustrates fabrication of alloys through effective route to achieve desired properties Presents in-depth explanation of deformation behavior at ambient and high temperatures Explores critical applications of the alloys in nuclear reactors, defense, and aviation sectors Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Refractory Alloys will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in high-temperature materials, mechanics, metallurgy, powder metallurgy, and physical metallurgy.

This book highlights the state-of-the-art research and discovery in the use of MOFs in catalysis, highlighting the scope to which these novel materials have been incorporated by the community. It provides an exceptional insight into the strategies for the synthesis and functionalization of MOFs, their use as CO2 and chemical warfare agents capture, their role in bio-catalysis and applications in photocatalysis, asymmetric catalysis, nano-catalysis, etc. This book will also emphasize the challenges with previous signs of progress and way for further research, details relating to the current pioneering technology, and future perspectives with a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, it presents up-to-date information on the economics, toxicity, and regulations related to these novel materials.

This handbook comprehensively covers the cutting-edge trends and techniques essential for the integration of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) into the changing face of the modern industrial landscape. In particular, it delves into the marriage of NDE with new techniques in e.g. data mining, cloud computing and autonomous operation, highlighting the potential for cyber-physical controlled production and discussing the myriad possible applications across many different industries.The Handbook of NDE 4.0 centers around the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 – the next generation of industrial production encompassing all aspects of networking across all industrial areas. It discusses the adaptation of existing NDE techniques to emerging new technological areas, such as 3D printing, via the introduction of cyber systems into the inspection and maintenance processes. In addition, the handbook covers topics such as the management and processing of big data with respect to real-time monitoring of structural integrity and reliable inspection of individual components. Remote NDE to include competence not available on-site will be a potential technique to increase reliability of NDE inspections by integrating additional specialist inputs into the decision process by methods such as telepresence, thereby better leveraging the scarce resources of senior inspectors into industrial inspections at multiple sites.The handbook houses a wealth of essential information to help academics, industry professionals and entrepreneurs navigate through this burgeoning new field. The material in this handbook is presented with the intention of ultimately improving human safety through reliable inspections and dependable maintenance of critical infrastructure, while also enhancing business value through reduced downtime, affordable maintenance, and talent optimization.

The collection focuses on the advancements of characterization of minerals, metals, and materials and the applications of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Advanced characterization methods, techniques, and new instruments are emphasized. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to: • Novel methods and techniques for characterizing materials across a spectrum of systems and processes. • Characterization of mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, dielectric, magnetic, physical, and other properties of materials. • Characterization of structural, morphological, and topographical natures of materials at micro- and nano- scales. • Characterization of extraction and processing including process development and analysis. • Advances in instrument developments for microstructure analysis and performance evaluation of materials, such as computer tomography (CT), X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy (SEM,FIB, TEM), and spectroscopy (EDS, WDS, EBSD) techniques. • 2D and 3D modelling for materials characterization.

Forgeries present a daunting problem to art historians, museums, galleries and curators who face challenges in determining the authenticity of paintings. Recent progress in science has led to the development of new methods for investigating works of art, and can provide new insights into the materials found in paintings. The rise in the value of paintings together with the knowledge and skills of forgers highlights the need to develop reliable scientific procedures to identify fakes. Given the complexity of materials in paintings and the convergence of various disciplines, a methodological approach for nvestigations of paintings is based on art historical, curatorial, aesthetic, technical and scientific evaluation. In this book sophisticated digital and analytical techniques are reviewed for the identification of materials (pigments, binders, varnishes, adhesives) and the physical characteristics of paintings such as brushstrokes, craquelure and canvas weaves. This book presents an updated overview of both non-invasive and micro-invasive techniques that enable the material characterization of paintings. The materials constituting a painting are reviewed, as are ways that changes in materials over time can provide insights into chronology and physical history. State-of the art digital metods including multi and hyper-spectral imaging and computational approaches to data treatment will be presented. Analytical techniques developed and optimized to characterize binders, varnishes, and pigments are reviewed, focusing on materials which can provide information on ageing or provenance. Case studies of applications of synchrotron-based methods and the analysis of paintings are given, as are chapters devoted to legal aspects related to authenticity. Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book systematically introduces the principles of flexible forming technologies to manufacture thin-walled complex-shaped components, the mechanism of controlling the material flow, the design and the configuration of flexible forming technologies'equipment and tools. It covers new technologies and new processes for forming hollow components, and relevant research on forming mechanisms, deformation laws, and defect control with examples from practical applications. It will be a useful reference for researchers, engineers, graduate and undergraduate students in aerospace, nuclear, railway, vehicle and petrochemical engineering, etc.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This book presents experimental work conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in order to characterize metals and alloys in the liquid state. The internationally recognized authors present and discuss experiments performed in microgravity that enabled the study of the relevant volume and surface related properties free of the restrictions of a gravity-based environment. The collection serves also as a handbook of space experiments using electromagnetic levitation techniques. A summary of recent results provides an overview of the wealth of space experiment data, which will ignite further research activities and inspire academics and industrial research departments for their continuous development.

Spectroscopy and Characterization of Nanomaterials and Novel Materials Comprehensive overview of nanomaterial characterization methods and applications from leading researchers in the field In Spectroscopy and Characterization of Nanomaterials and Novel Materials: Experiments, Modeling, Simulations, and Applications, the editor Prabhakar Misra and a team of renowned contributors deliver a practical and up-to-date exploration of the characterization and applications of nanomaterials and other novel materials, including quantum materials and metal clusters. The contributions cover spectroscopic characterization methods for obtaining accurate information on optical, electronic, magnetic, and transport properties of nanomaterials. The book reviews nanomaterial characterization methods with proven relevance to academic and industry research and development teams, and modern methods for the computation of nanomaterials'structure and properties - including machine-learning approaches - are also explored. Readers will also find descriptions of nanomaterial applications in energy research, optoelectronics, and space science, as well as: A thorough introduction to spectroscopy and characterization of graphitic nanomaterials and metal oxides Comprehensive explorations of simulations of gas separation by adsorption and recent advances in Weyl semimetals and axion insulators Practical discussions of the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes and applications to sensors In-depth examinations of micro-Raman imaging of planetary analogs Perfect for physicists, materials scientists, analytical chemists, organic and polymer chemists, and electrical engineers, Spectroscopy and Characterization of Nanomaterials and Novel Materials: Experiments, Modeling, Simulations, and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of sensor developers and computational physicists and modelers.

This second edition adds newly established techniques and material properties codified in the past ten years to this authoritative reference. The volume retains its comprehensive coverage of damage and healing mechanics with updates to core topics and references and addition of other types of damages not covered in the first edition, including thermo-elastoviscoplastic damage-healing model for bituminous materials, damage in granular materials, damage in biological tissue, damage in rubber materials, damage crashworthiness in cars and airplanes, risk analysis in damaged structures, and evaluating damage with digital image correlation. The Handbook details computational modeling of constitutive equations as well as solved examples in engineering applications. A wide range of materials that engineers may encounter are covered, including metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials, and nanomaterials. The internationally recognized team of contributors employs a consistent andsystematic approach, offering readers a user-friendly reference that is ideal for frequent consultation. The Handbook of Damage Mechanics: Nano to Macro Scale for Materials and Structures, second edition is ideal for graduate students and faculty, researchers, and professionals in the fields of Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science, and Engineering Mechanics.

Failure Analysis of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion serves as a complete guide to corrosion failure analysis with an emphasis on the diagnosis of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). By applying the principles of chemistry, microbiology, and metallurgy, readers will be able to reliably determine the mechanistic cause of corrosion damage and failures and select the appropriate methods for mitigating future corrosion incidents.FEATURES Provides background information on the forensic process, types of data or evidence needed to perform the analysis, industrial case studies, details on the MIC failure analysis process, and protocols for field and lab use Presents up-to-date advances in molecular technologies and their application to corrosion failure investigations Offers specific guidelines for conducting MIC failure analyses and case studies to illustrate their application Examines state-of-the-art information on MIC analytical tools and methods With authors with expertise in microbiology, corrosion, materials, and failure investigation, this book provides tools for engineers, scientists, and technologists to successfully combat MIC issues.

This open access book presents the novel concept of plaston, which accounts for the high ductility or large plastic deformation of emerging high-performance structural materials, including bulk nanostructured metals, hetero-nanostructured materials, metallic glasses, intermetallics, and ceramics.The book describes simulation results of the collective atomic motion associated with plaston, by computational tools such as first-principle methods with predictive performance and large-scale atom-dynamics calculations. Multi-scale analyses with state-of-the art analytical tools nano/micro pillar deformation and nano-indentation experiments are also described. Finally, through collaborative efforts of experimental and computational work, examples of rational design and development of new structural materials are given, based on accurate understanding of deformation and fracture phenomena.This publication provides a valuable contribution to the field of structural materials research.

This book presents an overview of the evolution and opportunities associated with traditional as well as upcoming fields in the areas of materials, metallurgy, and manufacturing. There are a lot of interesting fields at this trijunction, such as alloy design, bio-materials, composites, high entropy alloys, sensors, electronic materials, and materials degradation. The progress in these fields is further fuelled by the advances in the analysis and fabrication techniques such as correlative microscopy, additive manufacturing, and surface engineering. This book discusses the above topics/fields covering advanced analysis techniques, fabrication methods, and various technological applications. Every chapter walks through the basics of the respective field and comprehensively discusses the current developments and future avenues, to arrive at a point where the reader acquires an overall view of the field. Special emphasis is given to the scientific fundamentals and application potential,in a way that readers of all backgrounds can get benefited. The chapters connect the current developments with the future avenues, to help the researchers foresee the future technologies, in their respective fields. This text will appeal to experienced researchers, practitioners, and students alike.

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials and Components discusses the current state and future development of laser additive manufacturing technologies, detailing material, structure, process and performance. The book explores the fundamental scientific theories and technical principles behind the elements of laser additive manufacturing, touching upon scientific and technological challenges faced by laser additive manufacturing technology. This book is suitable for those who want to further'understand and'master laser additive manufacturing technology and will expose readers to innovative industrial applications that meet significant demand from aeronautical and astronautical high-end modern industries for low-cost, short-cycle and net-shape manufacturing of structure-function integrated metallic components. With the increasing use of industrial applications, additive manufacturing processes are deepening, with technology continuing to evolve. As new scientific and technological challenges emerge, there is a need for an interdisciplinary and comprehensive discussion of material preparation and forming, structure design and optimization, laser process and its control, microstructure and performance characterization, and innovative industrial applications, hence this book covers these important aspects. - Highlights an integration of material, structure, process and performance for laser additive manufacturing of metallic components to reflect the interdisciplinary nature of this technology - Covers cross-scale structure and performance coordination mechanisms, including micro-scale material microstructure control, meso-scale interaction between laser beam and particle matter, and macro-scale precise forming of components and performance control - Explores fundamental scientific theories and technical principles behind laser additive manufacturing processes - Provides innovation elements and strategies for the future sustainable development of additive manufacturing technologies in terms of multi-materials design, novel bio-inspired structure design, tailored printing process with meso-scale monitoring, and high-performance and functionality of printed components

ENGINEERING PHYSICS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS Discover a comprehensive exploration of high temperature materials written by leading materials scientists In Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials: Metals, Ice, Rocks, and Ceramics distinguished researchers and authors Nirmal K. Sinha and Shoma Sinha deliver a rigorous and wide-ranging discussion of the behavior of different materials at high temperatures. The book discusses a variety of physical phenomena, from plate tectonics and polar sea ice to ice-age and intraglacial depression and the postglacial rebound of Earth's crust, stress relaxation at high temperatures, and microstructure and crack-enhanced Elasto Delayed Elastic Viscous (EDEV) models. At a very high level, Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials (EPHTM) takes a multidisciplinary view of the behavior of materials at temperatures close to their melting point. The volume particularly focuses on a powerful model called the Elasto-Delayed-Elastic-Viscous (EDEV) model that can be used to study a variety of inorganic materials ranging from snow and ice, metals, including complex gas-turbine engine materials, as well as natural rocks and earth formations (tectonic processes). It demonstrates how knowledge gained in one field of study can have a strong impact on other fields. Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials will be of interest to a broad range of specialists, including earth scientists, volcanologists, cryospheric and interdisciplinary climate scientists, and solid-earth geophysicists. The book demonstrates that apparently dissimilar polycrystalline materials, including metals, alloys, ice, rocks, ceramics, and glassy materials, all behave in a surprisingly similar way at high temperatures. This similarity makes the information contained in the book valuable to all manner of physical scientists. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the importance of a unified model of high temperature material behavior, including high temperature deformation and the strength of materials An exploration of the nature of crystalline substances for engineering applications, including basic materials classification, solid state materials, and general physical principles Discussions of forensic physical materialogy and test techniques and test systems Examinations of creep fundamentals, including rheology and rheological terminology, and phenomenological creep failure models Perfect for materials scientists, metallurgists, and glaciologists, Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials: Metals, Ice, Rocks, and Ceramics will also earn a place in the libraries of specialists in the nuclear, chemical, and aerospace industries with an interest in the physics and engineering of high-temperature materials.

This issue of Direction focuses on the rapid proliferation of electron microscopy (EM) for scientific as well as technological research. The content written by leading experts is intended to provide the capabilities of EM facilities, set at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur to solve various problems and caters to the needs of both internal and external users. The book provides a detailed and comprehensive viewpoint of the basic features and advanced capabilities of EM facilities to the scientific community. A large number of electron microscopes have been installed and utilized by researchers across various engineering and science departments; hence, this volume provides both breadth as well as depth of various EM facilities available at the institute.

This collection brings together engineers, scientists, scholars, and entrepreneurs to present their novel and innovative contributions in the domain specific to metal-matrix composites and on aspects specific to processing, characterization, mechanical behavior, measurements, failure behavior, and kinetics governing microstructural influences on failure by fracture. Topics include but are not limited to: • Metals and metal-matrix composites • Nano-metal based composites • Intermetallic-based composites Contributions in the above topics connect to applications in industry-relevant areas: automotive; nuclear and clean energy; aerospace; failure analysis; biomedical and healthcare; and heavy equipment, machinery, and goods.

Smart Multifunctional Nano-inks: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications covers nano-inks and how they can be used in inkjet printers for printing complex circuitry on flexible substrates or as a paste for 3D printers. Microstructures can be 3D-printed using nano-inks in a combination of high-resolution plasma printing and subsequent rotogravure printing. In addition, smart multifunctional nano-inks are not only required for the electronic, but also in other applications, such as for secure inks, for currency, and in immigration documents. This book focuses on fundamental design concepts, promising applications, and future challenges of nano-inks in various areas, such as optoelectronics, energy, security and biomedical fields. The current challenge for the successful industrial application of nano-inks is in the preparation of a stable dispersion of advanced materials for nano-inks. The functionalization, synthesizing, and theoretical modeling provide the solution for most of the current issues, but there are still remaining challenges which are covered in this comprehensive resource. - Outlines the major nanomaterials used in the manufacture of smart nano-inks - Provides information on the major industrial applications of nano-inks - Assesses the major challenges of using nano-inks in a cost-effective way, and on an industrial scale

Additive Friction Stir Deposition is a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art understanding on this emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology. Sections cover additive friction stir deposition, encompassing advances in processing science, metallurgical science and innovative applications. The book presents a clear description of underlying physical phenomena, shows how the process determines the printing quality, covers resultant microstructure and properties in the as-printed state, highlights its key capabilities and limitations, and explores niche applications in repair, cladding and multi-material 3D printing. Serving as an educational and research guide, this book aims to provide a holistic picture of additive friction stir deposition-based solid-state additive manufacturing as well as a thorough comparison to conventional beam-based metal additive manufacturing, such as powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition. - Provides a clear process description of additive friction stir deposition and highlights key capabilities - Summarizes the current research and application of additive friction stir deposition, including material flow, microstructure evolution, repair and dissimilar material cladding - Discusses future applications and areas of research for this technology

Applications of composite materials and composite coatings have been increasing in the field of automobile and aerospace industries due to the versatility in their properties. Present book comprehensively reviews the composite materials and coatings with a focus on the mechanical and tribology applications. It covers type of fibres (natural and synthetic), reinforcements and their selection, matrix, and technologies used to produce composite materials. Various sections cover basics and associated failures of composites, strengthening mechanisms and background theories, composite manufacturing technologies, mechanical and tribology properties of past and currently used composites.Features:- Covers different types of fibers, reinforcements, matrix, and technologies used to produce composite materials. Details the tribology behavior of different novel composite coatings fabricated using different coating techniques. Reviews research on wear behavior of composite materials and coatings. Discusses reinforcement behavior with respect to the different processing routes. Illustrates rule of mixtures, failures, theories behind the strengthening mechanism. This book aims at professionals, graduate students and researchers in mechanical engineering, design engineering, composite materials, composite coatings, tribology, automobile, and aircraft.

The volume acquaints readers with the research results on the properties of additively created alloys and special steel, analyses their heat treatment processes, and studies some laser processing technologies from micro hole drilling to laser ablation of nanoparticles. This issue also presents the results of properties research for materials used in photovoltaics, electronics and energy storage devices. The edition will be helpful to specialists in machinery, materials processing technologies, electronics, photovoltaic technologies and energy storage design.