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Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

This book is based on a study of 84 technological innovations that won Queen's Awards in 1966 and 1967. Nearly 40 of these are presented as well-documented but readable case histories. The topics range from new antibiotics to fast patrol boats, from an improved way of making bread to aircraft equipment, from new building materials and techniques to scientific instruments, from automatic gearboxes to guided missiles. Many points of interest are covered in the discussion. Is innovation more often'pushed'by scientific or technological discoveries or more often'pulled'by the needs of the market or of management? Is is true that outstanding individuals are necessary for success? Is it true that the time-lag between discovery and exploitations is shortening? Can one specify optimum sizes for research teams? What is the role of basic reseach? These are some of the issues raised in the course of a wide-ranging discussion of factors affecting technological innovation.

In recent years, ion implantation has developed into the major doping technique for integrated circuits. Several series of conferences have dealt with the application of ion implantation to semiconductors and other materials (Thousand Oaks 1970, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1971, Osaka 1974, Warwick 1975, Boulder 1976, Budapest 1978, and Albany 1980). Another series of conferences was devoted more to implantation equipment and tech niques (Salford 1977, Trento 1978, and Kingston 1980). In connection with the Third International Conference on Ion Implantation: Equipment and Tech niques, held at Queen's University,'Kingston, Ontario, Canada, July 8-11, 1980, a two-day instructional program was organized parallel to an implan tation conference for the first time. This implantation school concentra ted on aspects of implantation-equipment design. This book contains all lectures presented at the International Ion Implantation School organized in connection with the Fourth International Conference on Ion Implantation: Equipment and Techniques, held at the Convention Center, Berchtesgaden, Germany, September 13-17, 1982. In con trast to the first.school, the main emphasis in thiS school was placed on practical aspects of implanter operation and application. In three chap ters, various machine aspects of ion implantation (general concepts, ion sources, safety, calibration, dOSimetry), range distributions (stopping power, range profiles), and measuring techniques (electrical and nonelec tri ca 1 measu ri ng techni ques, annea 1 i ng) are di scussed. In the appendi x, a review of the state of the art in modern implantation equipment is given.

Converting units from one type of usage to another is a constant and regular problem that engineers and scientists have to solve. This book will therefore be invaluable as it provides a complete coverage of all the conversion factors required. Covering areas such as mechanical units, thermal units, units of physical chemistry, units of light, units of electricity and magnetism and also radiation. References are given throughout and there is a comprehensive index.

An illustrated history of Britain's railway workshops, covering the period from 1823 to 1986, this book deals with the history of the main railway workshops of Britain, a subject of wide-ranging mechanical and electrical engineering interest.

The purpose of this volume is to present a clear and systematic account of the mathematical methods of wave phenomena in solids, gases, and water that will be readily accessible to physicists and engineers. The emphasis is on developing the necessary mathematical techniques, and on showing how these mathematical concepts can be effective in unifying the physics of wave propagation in a variety of physical settings: sound and shock waves in gases, water waves, and stress waves in solids. Nonlinear effects and asymptotic phenomena will be discussed. Wave propagation in continuous media (solid, liquid, or gas) has as its foundation the three basic conservation laws of physics: conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, which will be described in various sections of the book in their proper physical setting. These conservation laws are expressed either in the Lagrangian or the Eulerian representation depending on whether the boundaries are relatively fixed or moving. In any case, these laws of physics allow us to derive the'field equations'which are expressed as systems of partial differential equations. For wave propagation phenomena these equations are said to be'hyperbolic'and, in general, nonlinear in the sense of being'quasi linear'. We therefore attempt to determine the properties of a system of'quasi linear hyperbolic'partial differential equations which will allow us to calculate the displacement, velocity fields, etc.

From the Amazon Basin to the terraces of Macchu Picchu, here is a complete visual introduction to South America. More than 100 two-colour illustrations, tables and charts are accompanied by a clearly written text that provides an overview of the climate, geography, economy, people, history, and resources of the South American nations and their territories. Part 1 gives an overview of the region; Part 2 covers each country separately. Chapters on the individual countries include the following sections: physical environments and natural regions; climate, economy, agriculture, industry and minerals, history, government and politics, and the nation's capital. The Atlas of South America includes an annotated bibliography, prepared by Linda Vertrees, Chicago Public Library, plus a complete index.

Properties of thin films depend strongly upon the deposition technique and conditions chosen. In order to achieve the desired film, optimum deposition conditions have to be found by carrying out experiments in a trial-and­ error fashion with varying parameters. The data obtained on one growth apparatus are often not transferable to another. This is especially true for film deposition processes using a cold plasma because of our poor under­ standing of the mechanisms. Relatively precise studies have been carried out on the role that physical effects play in film formation such as sputter deposition. However, there are many open questions regarding processes that involve chemical reactions, for example, reactive sputter deposition or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Much further research is re­ quired in order to understand the fundamental deposition processes. A sys­ tematic collection of basic data, some of which may be readily available in other branches of science, for example, reaction cross sections for gases with energetic electrons, is also required. The need for pfasma deposition techniques is felt strongly in industrial applications because these techniques are superior to traditional thin-film deposition techniques in many ways. In fact, plasma deposition techniques have developed rapidly in the semiconductor and electronics industries. Fields of possible application are still expanding. A reliable plasma reactor with an adequate in situ system for monitoring the deposition conditions and film properties must be developed to improve reproducibility and pro­ ductivity at the industrial level.

Examines Polish women's oppression before, on the cusp and after the collapse of communism. The book analyzes the relationship between Solidarity, state capitalism, nationalism and feminism by drawing on a wide variety of source material.

East-West trade and technology transfer have always been linked to the issue of'national security'. The author identifies many different Western doctrines on East-West trade, demonstrating that two basic belief systems underly these doctrines.

In this book, fifteen prominent scholars of the economy, business, and technology argue that technical change can fruitfully be interpreted as an institutionally structured learning process. These essays show that the analysis of knowledge-generating institutions - including firms, industries, patenting systems, and occupations - provides important insights into the pace, direction, and persistence of technological change. The authors use these insights to both reshape economic theory and reinterpret the economic development of Britain, the USA, Germany and Japan.

Anyone who merely turns the pages of this new edition will find that 48 percent of the fig­ ures are familiar to him from the third edition. But whoever reads it will discover that no three consecutive pages of text have been transferred unaltered. The enormous development that has taken place since 1950, particularly the surprising extension in the practical applica­ tions of micrometeorology, have made it necessary to rewrite the book. In producing this work, I had in mind two aims which were linked more closely to each other than I had at first dared to hope. The new edition was to be a clear and vivid textbook for those who were just taking up the study of microclimatology, and at the same time a ref­ erence work for those already familiar with the subject. For the fIrst task, I had in mind the students who would recoil with horror at the insurmountable barrier of an apparently unlim­ ited and ever-increasing pile of literature and thus were in need of assistance. In addition, I was thinking of colleagues working in related sciences, who have no time to study our liter­ ature.

`A pioneering and valuable study linking finance to innovative activity: not only is the theoretical framework sound, thought-provoking and creative, but amply supported through systematic empirical testing.'- David B. Audretsch, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung This book broadens the economic explanation of technological change, by assuming that development and diffusion of new technologies are closely related to the financial arrangements and institutions which prevail in any given historical period. To support his hypothesis, the author combines theoretical prescriptions with empirical evidence: the interdependences between technology and finance suggested in the first part of the book are therefore analysed from a historical perspective, and a theoretical model is then applied to explain how R&D is funded by new and already established firms in the data processing industry. The book concludes with a survey of policy interventions towards various sources of innovation financing.

Many people still believe in life after death, but modern institutions operate as though this were the only world - eternity is now eclipsed from view in society and even in the church. This book carefully observes the eclipse - what caused it, how full is it, what are its consequences, will it last? How significant is recent interest in near-death experiences and reincarnation?

This is not a book of jokes. It is about how people make rules about humour: rules about what humour is, what it is not, what it should and should not be, when it should and should not be used, what type of humour is permissible and what type forbidden, what is good and bad about humour, what should be considered funny and what should not. The book offers a framework for a general understanding of why and how societies make rules about the use of humour, and how those rules affect patterns of communication and the development of humour and comedy.

This is a collection of papers on industrial policy - the role of governments in promoting industrial development - and the particular significance of technology development. Two essays deal with the general debate on industrial policy and the nature of technology development; two are critical appraisals of the World Bank's approach to the debate on governments and markets; four are case studies of policy making on aspects of industrialisation, three in Asia and one in Africa.

High technology capitalism utilizes computers, robots, and global information networks. It has engendered new classes - technocrats, bureaucrats, service and office workers - who will impact the structure and values of society. The question most central for us is that of the survival of democracy on this new base. Will the New Middle Class become the carrying class for a modern form of democracy utilizing the sophisticated communications technology, or will democracy decline under the weight of the managerial and technocratic strata essential to the functioning of the modern economic and political institutions?

Industrial methods, and industrially produced instruments, reagents and living organisms are central to research activities today. They play a key role in the homogenization and the diffusion of laboratory practices, thus in their transformation into a stable and unproblematic knowledge about the natural world. This book displays the - frequently invisible - role of industry in the construction of fundamental scientific knowledge through the examination of case studies taken from the history of nineteenth and the twentieth century physics, chemistry and biomedical sciences.

Grounded in historical sources and informed by recent work in cultural, sociological, geographical and spatial studies, Romantic Geography illuminates the nexus between imaginative literature and geography in William Wordsworth's poetry and prose. It shows that eighteenth-century social and political interest groups contested spaces through maps, geographical commentaries and travel literature; and that by configuring'utopian'landscapes Wordsworth himself participated in major social and political controversies in post-French Revolutionary England.

The East Asian experience suggests that technological development is fundamental to export success in outward-oriented economies. This study analyses export performance in Sri Lanka at a national and firm level, focusing on the acquisition of industrial technological capabilities during a period of trade liberalization. It compares Sri Lanka's record with Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. Analysis of the export and technological record of enterprises of varying performance highlights the policies which enhance competitiveness in developing and transition economies.

There is a long-held view that Wordsworth's inspiration dried up before the age of forty. This book opposes that view by examining the substantial body of poetry written after his fiftieth year. The argument is that, in order to appreciate this work, much of which was inspired by itineraries in Britain and in Europe, we have to read the poems as they were first published. By adopting the perspective of the contemporary reader, Wordsworth's grand design can be appreciated.

Intended to provide an up-to-date overview of the field, this book is also likely to become a standard work of reference on the science of droplets. Beginning with the theoretical background important for droplet dynamics, it continues with a presentation of the various methods for generating single droplets and regular droplet systems. Also included is a detailed description of the experimental methods employed in droplet research. A special chapter is devoted to the various types of droplet interactions without phase transition. A separate chapter then treats many examples of the possible phase transition processes. The final part of the book gives a summary of important applications. With its comprehensive content, this book will be of interest to all scientists and lecturers concerned with two-phase flow, spray technology, heterogeneous combustion, and aerosol science.

The worst chemical disaster ever could be happening right now. In India and Bangladesh between forty and eighty million people are at risk of consuming too much arsenic from well water that might have already caused one hundred thousand cancer cases and thousands of deaths. Many millions elsewhere in South-East Asia and South America may soon suffer a similar fate. Venomous Earth is the story of this tragedy: the geology, the biology, the politics and the history. It starts in Ancient Greece, touches down in today's North America and takes in William Morris, alchemy, farming, medicine, mining and a cosmetic that killed two popes.

The explorations of eighteenth-century travellers to the'European frontiers'were often geared to define the cultural, political, and historical boundaries of'European civilization.'In an age when political revolutions shocked nations into reassessing what separated the civilised from the barbaric, how did literary travellers contemplate the characteristics of their continental neighbours? Focusing on the writings of British travellers, we see how a new view of Europe was created, one that juxtaposed the customs and living conditions of populations in an attempt to define'modern'Europe against a'yet unenlightened'Europe.

Schlieren and shadowgraph techniques are basic and valuable tools in various scientific and engineering disciplines. They allow us to see the invisible: the optical inhomogeneities in transparent media like air, water, and glass that otherwise cause only ghostly distortions of our normal vision. These techniques are discussed briefly in many books and papers, but there is no up-to-date complete treatment of the subject before now. The book is intended as a practical guide for those who want to use these methods, as well as a resource for a broad range of disciplines where scientific visualization is important. The colorful 400-year history of these methods is covered in an extensive introductory chapter accessible to all readers.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the three agent-related workshops held during the NetObjectDays international conference, NODe 2002, held in Erfurt, Germany, in October 2002. The 23 revised full papers presented with a keynote paper and 2 abstracts were carefully selected during 2 rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on agent-oriented requirements engineering and specification, agent-oriented software engineering, reuse, negotiation and communication, large complex systems, e-business, and applications.

Optical frequency measurement is an extremely challenging field of experimental physics which is presently undergoing a renaissance driven by the needs of modern high density optical communication systems as well as by requirements of high-resolution laser spectroscopy. This text is the first to discuss the development of traditional and second generation frequency chains together with their enabling technology. Reviews written by some of the most experienced researchers in their respective fields address the technology of frequency metrology such as: low noise microwave oscillators and microwave frequency standards, low noise and high stability optical frequency sources, optical frequency standards, traditional and second-generation optical frequency measurement and synthesis techniques as well as optical frequency comb generators. It should prove useful to researchers just entering the field of frequency metrology or equally well to the experienced practitioner.

The Mohammed Dahleh symposium brought together leading researchers in several areas of engineering and science. Many of the presentations focused on new emerging research areas of key significance. These new areas have in common that the dynamics and control theory and methods provide the appropriate framework for the understanding of the corresponding phenomena, while at the same time providing many of the tools necessary for their application to relevant technologies. Examples of these opportunities include the areas of systems biology, quantum feedback and control, fluid dynamics, and control applications in nanotechnology. This collected volume demonstrates the importance of these emerging areas in the current research agenda in science and technology and shows that a unique opportunity exists to drastically extend the scope and impact of dynamics and control methods far beyond their traditional areas of application in engineering.

A dynamic and original collection of essays on the transnational circulation and changing social meanings of Latin music across the Americas. The transcultural impact of Latin American musical forms in the United States calls for a deeper understanding of the shifting cultural meanings of music. Musical Migrations examines the tensions between the value of Latin popular music as a metaphor for national identity and its transnational meanings as it traverses national borders, geocultural spaces, audiences, and historical periods. The anthology analyzes, among others, the role of popular music in Caribbean diasporas in the United States and Europe, the trans-Caribbean identities of Salsa and reggae, the racial, cultural, and ethnic hybridity in rock across the Americas, and the tensions between tradition and modernity in Peruvian indigenous music, mariachi music in the United States, and in Trinidadian music.

This book was written over several years for a one-semester course in optics ® 1 for juniors and seniors in science and engineering; it uses Mathcad scripts to provide a simulated laboratory where students can learn by exploration and discovery instead of passive absorption. The text covers all the standard topics of a traditional optics course, incl- ing geometrical optics and aberration, interference and diffraction, coherence, Maxwell's equations, wave guides and propagating modes, blackbody radiation, atomic emission and lasers, optical properties of materials. Fourier transforms and FT spectroscopy, image formation, and holography. It contains step-by-step derivations of all basic formulas in geometrical, wave, and Fourier optics. The basic text is supplemented by over 170 Mathcad?les, each suggesting programstosolveaparticularproblem,andeachlinkedtoatopicinorapplication ofoptics.Thecomputer?lesaredynamic,allowingthereadertoseeinstantlythe effects of changing parameters in the equations. Students are thus encouraged to ask “what if...” questions to assess the physical implications of the formulas. To integrate the?les into the text, applications connecting the formulas and the corresponding computer?le are listed and may be assigned for homework. The availability of the numerical Fourier transform makes possible a mathematical introduction to the wave theory of imaging, spatial?ltering, holography, and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Thebookiswrittenforthestudyofparticularprojectsbutcaneasilybeadapted to a variety of related studies. The threefold arrangements of text, applications, and?lesmakethebooksuitableof“self-learning”byscientistsorengineerswho would like to refresh their knowledge of optics. Some?les are printed out, and 1Mathcad is a registered trademark of MathSoft Engineering & Education, Inc.

The PaCT-2003 (Parallel Computing Technologies) conference was a four-day conference held in Nizhni Novgorod on September 15–19, 2003. This was the 7th international conference of the PaCT series, organized in Russia every odd year. The?rst conference, PaCT-91, was held in Novosibirsk (Academgorodok), September 7–11, 1991. The next PaCT conferences were held in: Obninsk (near Moscow),30August–4September,1993;St.Petersburg,September12–15,1995; Yaroslavl, September 9–12, 1997; Pushkin (near St. Petersburg) September 6– 10, 1999; and Akademgorodok (Novosibirsk), September 3–7, 2001. The PaCT proceedings are published by Springer-Verlag in the LNCS series. PaCT-2003 was jointly organized by the Institute of Computational - thematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk) and the State University of Nizhni Novgorod. The purpose of the conference was to bring together scientists working with theory, architectures, software, hardware and solutions of large-scale problems in order to provide integrated discussions on Parallel Computing Technologies. Theconferenceattractedabout100participantsfromaroundtheworld.Authors from 23 countries submitted 78 papers. Of those submitted, 38 papers were selected for the conference as regular ones; there were also 4 invited papers. In addition,anumberofposterswerepresented.Allthepaperswereinternationally reviewed by at least three referees. As usual a demo session was organized for the participants. Many thanks to our sponsors: the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Fund for Basic Research, the Russian State Committee of Higher Education, IBM and Intel (Intel laboratory in Nizhni Novgorod) for their?nancial support. The organizers highly appreciate the help of the AssociationAntenne-Provence (France).

Photomechanics describes the use of photonics techniques for the nondestructive measurement of variations in certain important physical quantities such as displacements, strains, densities, etc. in experimental solid mechanics and flow. Offering authoritative reviews by internationally recognized experts, the book provides a wealth of information on the essential principles and methods today available in this realm. These include holographic and moiré interferometry, speckle metrology, two- and three-dimensional computer-vision methods as well as laser-Doppler and pulsed-laser velocimetries. The instructive nature of the book makes it an excellent text for physicists and practicing engineers who want to use photomechanics for solving their specific measurement problems and for researchers in various disciplines requiring a broad introduction to the subject.

The8thInternationalConferenceonReliableSoftwareTechnologies,Ada-Europe 2003,tookplaceinToulouse,France,June18–20,2003.ItwassponsoredbyAda- Europe, the European federation of national Ada societies, and Ada-France, in cooperation with ACM SIGAda. It was organized by members of Adalog, CS, UPS/IRIT and ONERA. Toulouse was certainly a very appropriate place for this conference. As the heart of the European aeronautic and space industry, it is a place where so- ware development leaves no place for failure. In the end, reliability is a matter of human skills. But these skills build upon methods, tools, components and c- trolled practices. By exposing the latest advances in these areas, the conference contributed to ful?lling the needs of a very demanding industry. As in past years, the conference comprised a three-day technical program, during which the papers contained in these proceedings were presented, along with vendor presentations. The technical program was bracketed by two tutorial days, when attendees had the opportunity to catch up on a variety of topics related to the?eld, at both introductory and advanced levels. On Friday, a workshopon“QualityofServiceinComponent-BasedSoftwareEngineering”was held. Further, the conference was accompanied by an exhibition where vendors presented their reliability-related products.

Mit der Renaissance des Schienenverkehrs hat das Spezialgebiet'Schienenfahrzeugdynamik'an Bedeutung gewonnen. Auf entsprechendes Interesse wird das erste Buch im deutschsprachigen Raum stoßen, das hier seinen Schwerpunkt hat. Obwohl es auf der Vorlesung'Schienenfahrzeugdynamik'an der TU Berlin basiert und Vorkenntnisse bezüglich Mechanik, Schwingungslehre und angewandter Mathematik voraussetzt, spricht es auch den Praktiker an. Das Buch behandelt die Vertikaldynamik bis hin zu Komfortbetrachtungen und die Lateraldynamik so weit, daß dem Leser ein Verständnis der Stabilität von Schienenfahrzeugen möglich ist. Den Vorgängen im Kontakt Rad/Schiene wird besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Es enthält die jüngsten Erkenntnisse aus Forschung und Bahnpraxis. Die Autoren gehen detailliert auf die spezielle Terminologie der Schienenfahrzeugdynamik und benachbarter Fachgebiete ein.

Recent advances in semiconductor technology have made it possible to fabricate microcavity structures in which both photon fields and electron-hole pairs (or excitons) are confined in a small volume comparable to their wavelength. The radiative properties of the electron-hole pairs and excitons are modified owing to the drastic change in the structure of the electromagnetic-field modes. This book is the first to give a comprehensive account of the theory of semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics for such systems in the weak-coupling and strong-coupling regimes. The important concepts are presented, together with relevant, recent experimental results.

This book gives an account of state-of-the-art investigations of properties and processes at solid-liquid interfaces with the same precision as it is standard in ultrahigh vacuum based surface science. Using combinations of in-situ and ex-situ experimental methods fundamental and relevant phenomena such as adsorption and desorption of ions and molecules, restructuring of surfaces, thin film and nanocluster growth, and electrochemical reactions on the micrometer scale are addressed. The overview includes a wide range of experimental techniques and examples of solid-liquid interfaces and aims at stimulating an expansion of this type of important Interface Science.

The book describes the most advanced techniques for generating coherent light in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum. These techniques represent diverse areas of photonics and include heterojunction semiconductor lasers, quantum cascade lasers, tunable crystalline lasers, fiber lasers, Raman lasers, and optical parametric laser sources. Offering authoritative reviews by internationally recognized experts, the book provides a wealth of information on the essential principles and methods of the generation of coherent mid-infrared light and on some of its applications. The instructive nature of the book makes it an excellent text for physicists and practicing engineers who want to use mid-infrared laser sources in spectroscopy, medicine, remote sensing and other fields, and for researchers in various disciplines requiring a broad introduction to the subject.

The present book covers the transport properties of superconductor/two dimensional electron gas Josephson junctions. Starting with the basic el ement, a superconductor/two dimensional electron gas interface, phase co herent Andreev reflection in hybrid Josephson junctions is introduced and further on, multiterminal structures are discussed. Special care is taken on explaining the underlying theoretical concepts related to the transport mech anisms. Employing a two dimensional electron gas in a semiconductor as a normal conductor opens up the possibility to observe effects not found in purely metallic junctions. One example is the light sensitivity of the semi conductor, which has a direct impact on the supercurrent in the Josephson junction. Many of the effects reported here rely on the fast technological progress in the epitaxial growth of III V semiconductor heterostructures. By using these layer systems, fascinating quantum effects have been found. Two examples out of many are the quantized conductance in a point contact and electron optics using ballistic electron beams. By combining heterostructures with su perconductors, many of the effects found in purely semiconductor systems can in a sense, be transferred to the superconducting state. A prominent example is the quantization of the critical current in a superconducting quantum point contact.

More than a generation of German-speaking students around the world have worked their way to an understanding and appreciation of the power and beauty of modern theoretical physics—with mathematics, the most fundamental of sciences—using Walter Greiner's textbooks as their guide. The idea of developing a coherent, complete presentation of an entire?eld of science in a series of closely related textbooks is not a new one. Many older physicians remember with real pleasure their sense of adventure and discovery as they worked their ways through the classic series by Sommerfeld, by Planck, and by Landau and Lifshitz. From the students'viewpoint, there are a great many obvious advantages to be gained through the use of consistent notation, logical ordering of topics, and coherence of presentation; beyond this, thecompletecoverageofthescienceprovidesauniqueopportunityfortheauthortoconvey his personal enthusiasm and love for his subject. These volumes on classical physics,?nally availablein English, complement Greiner's textsonquantumphysics,mostofwhichhavebeenavailabletoEnglish-speakingaudiences for some time. The complete set of books will thus provide a coherent view of physics that includes, in classical physics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, classical dyn- ics, electromagnetism, and general relativity; and in quantum physics, quantum mechanics, symmetries, relativistic quantum mechanics, quantum electro- and chromodynamics, and the gauge theory of weak interactions.

Over the past decade there has been an increasing demand for suitable material in the area of mathematical modelling as applied to science, engineering, business and management. Recent developments in computer technology and related software have provided the necessary tools of increasing power and sophistication which have significant implications for the use and role of mathematical modelling in the above disciplines. In the past, traditional methods have relied heavily on expensive experimentation and the building of scaled models, but now a more flexible and cost effective approach is available through greater use of mathematical modelling and computer simulation. In particular, developments in computer algebra, symbolic manipulation packages and user friendly software packages for large scale problems, all have important implications in both the teaching of mathematical modelling and, more importantly, its use in the solution of real world problems. Many textbooks have been published which cover the art and techniques of modelling as well as specific mathematical modelling techniques in specialist areas within science and business. In most of these books the mathematical material tends to be rather tailor made to fit in with a one or two semester course for teaching students at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, usually the former. This textbook is quite different in that it is intended to build on and enhance students'modelling skills using a combination of case studies and projects.

Meshfree Particle Methods is a comprehensive and systematic exposition of particle methods, meshfree Galerkin and partitition of unity methods, molecular dynamics methods, and multiscale methods. Most theories, computational formulations, and simulation results presented are recent developments in meshfree methods. They were either just published recently or even have not been published yet, many of them resulting from the authors´ own research. The presentation of the technical content is heuristic and explanatory with a balance between mathematical rigor and engineering practice. It can be used as a graduate textbook or a comprehensive source for researchers, providing the state of the art on Meshfree Particle Methods.

In this vivid and comprehensible introduction to materials science, the author expands the modern concepts of metal physics to formulate basic theory applicable to other engineering materials, such as ceramics and polymers. Written for engineering students and working engineers with little previous knowledge of solid-state physics, this textbook enables the reader to study more specialized and fundamental literature of materials science. Dozens of illustrative photographs, many of them transmission electron microscopy images, plus line drawings, aid developing a firm appreciation of this complex topic. Hard-to-grasp terms such as'textures'are lucidly explained - not only the phenomenon itself, but also its consequences for the material properties. This excellent book makes materials science more transparent.

Variable structure systems, or sliding mode control systems, are non-linear automatic control systems whose structures are deliberately allowed to change, so that robust performance is obtained. It allows the design of high performance control systems that can be reliably and easily implemented at low cost. Although the basic theory is mature, the theory and the associated control system design methodologies are less well known to many control engineers. This new text seeks to redress the gap, and is split into three parts: the basics of sliding mode control, new trends in sliding mode control and applications of sliding mode control.

White Theology re-examines white race privilege throughout history and its relationship to black theology. James W. Perkinson articulates a white theology of responsibility responding to the claims of James Cone (and other black scholars) that serious engagement with history and culture must be at the heart of any American projection of integrity or'salvation'in the modern period. Perkinson interweaves autobiography and postcolonial analysis, history, and phenomenology to explore white supremacy and the future of religious studies. This is an essential and groundbreaking book for courses in religious studies, African American studies, and theology.

AD HOC NETWORKS: Technologies and Protocols is a concise in-depth treatment of various constituent components of ad hoc network protocols. It reviews issues related to medium access control, scalable routing, group communications, use of directional/smart antennas, network security, and power management among other topics. The authors examine various technologies that may aid ad hoc networking including the presence of an ability to tune transmission power levels or the deployment of sophisticated smart antennae. Contributors to this volume include experts that have been active in ad hoc network research and have published in the premier conferences and journals in this subject area. AD HOC NETWORKS: Protocols and Technologies will be immensely useful as a reference work to engineers and researchers as well as to advanced level students in the areas of wireless networks, and computer networks.

This book presents a selection of papers related to the fifth edition of book further to the International Conference on Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering. This Conference has been organized within the framework of the activities of the AIP-PRIMECA network whose main scientific field is Integrated Design applied to both Mechanical Engineering and Productics. This network isorganized along the lines of a joint project: the evolution, in the field of training of Integrated Design in Mechanics and Productics, in quite close connection with the ever changing industrial needs over the past 20 years. It is in charge of promoting both exchanges of experience and know-how capitalisation. It has a paramount mission to fulfil, be it in the field of initial and continuous education, technological transfer and knowledge dissemination through strong links with research labs. For the second time, in fact, the IDMME Conference has been held abroad and, after Canada in 2000, the United Kingdom, more particularly Bath University, has been retained under the responsibility of Professor Alan Bramley, the Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the conference. The Scientific Committee members have selected all the lectures from com mplete papers, which is the guarantee for the Conference of quite an outstanding scientific level. After that, a new selection hasbeen carried out to retain the best publications, which establish in a book, a state-of-the-art analysis as regards Integrated Design and Manufacturing in the discipline of Mechanical Engineering.

The book describes the state-of-the-art in fundamental, applied and device physics of nanotubes, including fabrication, manipulation and characterization for device applications; optics of nanotubes; transport and electromechanical devices and fundamentals of theory for applications. This information is critical to the field of nanoscience since nanotubes have the potential to become a very significant electronic material for decades to come. The book will benefit all all readers interested in the application of nanotubes, either in their theoretical foundations or in newly developed characterization tools that may enable practical device fabrication.

The last two decades have brought two important developments for aeroth- modynamics. One is that airbreathing hypersonic flight became the topic of technology programmes and extended system studies. The other is the emergence and maturing of the discrete numerical methods of aerodyn- ics/aerothermodynamics complementary to the ground-simulation facilities, with the parallel enormous growth of computer power. Airbreathing hypersonic flight vehicles are, in contrast to aeroassisted re-entry vehicles, drag sensitive. They have, further, highly integrated lift and propulsion systems. This means that viscous eflFects, like boundary-layer development, laminar-turbulent transition, to a certain degree also strong interaction phenomena, are much more important for such vehicles than for re-entry vehicles. This holds also for the thermal state of the surface and thermal surface effects, concerning viscous and thermo-chemical phenomena (more important for re-entry vehicles) at and near the wall. The discrete numerical methods of aerodynamics/aerothermodynamics permit now - what was twenty years ago not imaginable - the simulation of high speed flows past real flight vehicle configurations with thermo-chemical and viscous effects, the description of the latter being still handicapped by in­ sufficient flow-physics models. The benefits of numerical simulation for flight vehicle design are enormous: much improved aerodynamic shape definition and optimization, provision of accurate and reliable aerodynamic data, and highly accurate determination of thermal and mechanical loads. Truly mul- disciplinary design and optimization methods regarding the layout of thermal protection systems, all kinds of aero-servoelasticity problems of the airframe, et cetera, begin now to emerge.