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This volume comprises a selection of the best papers presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, held in Lisbon in July 1996.The papers describe novel ideas for instrumentation, instrumentation developments, results of measurements of wall-bounded flows, free flows and flames and flow and combustion in engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing interest in the development of an understanding of new methodologies and implementation in terms of new instrumentation.

In the tradition of its predecessors, this volume comprises a selection of the best papers presented at the Ninth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, held in Lisbon in July 2000. The papers reflect the state-of-the-art in laser applications of laser techniques in fluid mechanics describing novel ideas for instrumentation, instrumentation developments, results of measurements of wall-bounded flows, free flows and flames and flow and combustion in engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing interest in the development of an understanding of new methodologies and implementation in terms of new instrumentation.

Hybrid modelling of turbulent flows, combining RANS and LES techniques, has received increasing attention over the past decade to fill the gap between (U)RANS and LES computations in aerodynamic applications at industrially relevant Reynolds numbers. With the advantage of hybrid RANS-LES modelling approaches, being considerably more computationally efficient than full LES and more accurate than (U)RANS, particularly for unsteady aerodynamic flows, has motivated numerous research and development activities. These activities have been increasingly stimulated by the provision of modern computing facilities. The present book contains the contributions presented at the Third Symposium on Hybrid RANS-LES Methods, held in Gdansk, Poland, 10-12 June 2009. To a certain extent, this conference was a continuation of the first symposium taking place in Stockholm (Sweden, 2005) and the second in Corfu (Greece, 2007). Motivated by the extensive interest in the research community, the papers presented at the Corfu symposium were published by Springer in the book entitled “Advances in Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling” (in Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, Vol. 97). At the Gdansk symposium, along with four invited keynotes, given respectively by S. Fu, U. Michel, M. Sillen and P. Spalart, another 28 papers were presented on the following topics: Unsteady RANS, LES, Improved DES Methods, Hybrid RANS-LES Methods, DES versus URANS and other Hybrid Methods, Modelli- related Numerical Issues and Industrial Applications. After the symposium all full papers have been further reviewed and revised for publication in the present book.

This collection examines the subject of identification and surveillance from 16th C English parish registers to 21st C DNA databases. The contributors, who range from historians to legal specialists, provide an insight into the historical development behind such issues as biometric identification, immigration control and personal data use.

The existence and crucial role played by large-scale, organized motions in turbulent flows are now recognized by industrial, applied and fundamental researchers alike. It has become increasingly evident that coherent structures influence mixing, noise, vibration, heat transfer, drag, etc... The accelera­ tion of the development of both experimental and computational programs devoted to this topic has been evident at several recent international meet­ ings. One of the first questions which experimentalists or numerical analysts are faced with is: how can these structures be separated from the background turbulence? This is a nontrivial task because the coherent structures are gen­ erally embedded in a random field and the technique used to determine when and where certain structures are passing, or their averaged characteristics (in the more probable or dominant role sense) is directly related to the definition of the coherent structure. Several methods or approaches are available and the choice of a particular one is generally dependent on the desired informa­ tion. This choice depends not only on the definition of the structure, but also on the experimental and numerical capabilities available to the researcher.

The Department of Applied Mechanics of the Royal Institution of Engineers in the Netherlands (Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs) organised on April 2-4, 1990 the first National Applied Mechanics Congress about the theme:'Integration of Theory and Applications in Applied Mechanics'The idea behind this initiative was to bring together the Applied Mechanics communities in The Netherlands and Belgium and to create an environment in which new developments in the field could be discussed and in which connections to other disciplines could be established. Among an extensive list of possible subjects the following were selected as congress topics: - non-linear material behaviour, - chaos, - mechatronics, - liquid-solid interactions, - mathematics and applied mechanics, - integration of Applied Mechanics and other disciplines. Applied Mechanics comprises both solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. These can be subdivided further into: rheology, plasticity, theory of plates and shells, theory of elasticity, multibody dynamics, dynamics of continuous media, stability of the elastic equilibrium, etc. Applied Mechanics is of tremendous practical significance and it proves its value almost daily in applications such as the calculation of the strength and stiffness of constructions, like e. g.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the three agent-related workshops held during the NetObjectDays international conference, NODe 2002, held in Erfurt, Germany, in October 2002. The 23 revised full papers presented with a keynote paper and 2 abstracts were carefully selected during 2 rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on agent-oriented requirements engineering and specification, agent-oriented software engineering, reuse, negotiation and communication, large complex systems, e-business, and applications.

The thrill of discovery and the excitement of innovation mean that research is often immensely satisfying. But beyond the personal satisfaction, the goal of research is to improve the lives of people everywhere by driving revolutionary advances in healthcare, education, business, and government. This guidebook's strategies will help you shape your research and energize your campus so as to achieve the Twin Win: a breakthrough theory that's published and a validated solution that's ready for dissemination. The action-oriented paths in this guidebook resemble a backpacker's guide to hiking. It suggests paths and gives you enough information to get started, while providing enough flexibility to take side treks and enough confidence to find your own way. Short-term projects include inviting speakers to campus, choosing appropriate research projects, and developing networking skills. Middle-term include seeking funding from government agencies and philanthropic foundations, sharpening your writing and speaking skills, and promoting teamwork in research groups. Long-term missions include changing tenure policies, expanding collaboration with business and civic partners, and encouraging programs that combine theory and practice.

The field of Experimental Mechanics has evolved substantially over the past 100 years. In the early years, the field was primarily comprised of applied physicists, civil engineers, railroad engineers, and mechanical engineers. The field defined itself by those who invented, developed, and refined experimental tools and techniques, based on the latest technologies available, to better understand the fundamental mechanics of materials and structures used to design many aspects of our everyday life. What the early experimental mechanician measured, observed, and evaluated were things like stress, strain, fracture, and fatigue, to name a few, which remain fundamental to the field today. This book guides you through a chronology of the formation of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, and its ensuing evolution. The Society was founded in 1935 by a very small group of individuals that understood the value of creating a common forum for people working in the field of Applied Mechanics of Solids, where extensive theoretical developments needed the input of experimental validation. A community of individuals who—through research, applications, sharp discussion of ideas—could fulfill the needs of a nation rapidly evolving in the technological field. The founders defined, influenced, and grew the field of what we now call Experimental Mechanics. Written as a narrative, the author describes, based on input from numerous individuals and personal experiences, the evolution of the New England Photoelasticity Conference to what we know today as the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM). The narrative is the author's perspective that invites members of the Society to contribute to the story by adding names of individuals, institutions, and technologies that have defined the Society over the past 75 years. Many of the key individuals who greatly influenced the advancement of the field of Experimental Mechanics are mentioned. These individuals are, in many ways, the founders of the field who have written textbooks, brought their teaching leadership and experiences to the classroom, worked on the Apollo project, and invented testing, evaluation, and measurement equipment that have shaped the fields of engineering. SEM's international membership is highly represented by those in academia, as you will read, although there has always been a powerful balance and contribution from industry and research organizations across the globe. The role of the experimental mechanician is defined, in many ways, through the individual legacies shared in the following pages….legacies that define the past and create the foundation for what is now and what is to come.

Observations Plus Recipes It has been said that science is the orderly collection of facts about the natural world. Scientists, however, are wary of using the word ‘fact.'‘Fact'has the feeling of absoluteness and universality, whereas scientific observations are neither ab- lute nor universal. For example, ‘children have 20 deciduous [baby] teeth'is an observation about the real world, but scientists would not call it a fact. Some children have fewer deciduous teeth, and some have more. Even those children who have exactly 20 deciduous teeth use the full set during only a part of their childhood. When they are babies and t- dlers, children have less than 20 visible teeth, and as they grow older, children begin to loose their deciduous teeth, which are then replaced by permanent teeth. ‘Children have 20 deciduous [baby] teeth'is not even a complete scientific sta- ment. For one thing, the statement ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth'does not tell us what we mean by ‘teeth.'When we say “teeth,” do we mean only those that can seen be with the unaided eye, or do we also include the hidden, unerupted teeth? An observation such as ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth'is not a fact, and, by itself, it is not acceptable as a scientific statement until its terms are explained: scientifically, ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth'must be accompanied by definitions and qualifiers.

Training for research is only available in a few places in the world, so that usually the researcher has to learn to master every step by himself. This entails planning the research, finding out how to obtain funds, searching the literature, analysing the data statistically, preparing visual material and slides, speaking about it in public, writing it up for journals and so on. Books on various aspects of this subject are readily obtain­ able but this is an attempt to deal with all the steps that are necessary from the start to the finish, and chapters have been planned sequentially with this in mind. Although most of the authors are doctors of medicine, it should help those in any area of science where the undertaking and publishing of research is important. Marco Sorgi conceived the idea of the book and, during an appointment in the University of Birmingham, invited Clifford Hawkins to help in achieving its delivery. May the effort be found to be worthwhile.

Digital computers have been used more and more to control different industrial processes during the last decade. As of today, many sy­ stems are designed to include a process control computer as a vital part. The use of computers has created a need for sophisticated me­ thods for the operation and supervision of complex industrial proces­ ses. To summarize the state of the art from the practical as well as from the theoretical point of view, the 4th IFACIIFIP International Conference on'Digital Computer Applications to Process Control'will be held at Zurich from March 19 to 22, 1974. The first two vo­ lumes of the proceedings contain the accepted papers submitted to the conference mentioned above. The papers are arranged according to the topics of the conference. A third volume will include the six follow­ ing survey papers: 1. Digital Control Algorithms Prof. A. P. Sage, Dallas Texas I USA 2. Interface Problems for Process Control Prof. T. J. Williams, Lafayette Indiana I USA 3. Software for Process Computers Dr. J. Gertler, Budapest I Hungary Dr. J. Sedlak, Prague I CSSR 4. Digital Computer Applications in Metallurgical Processes Mr. W. E. Miller, Salem I USA Mr. W. G. Wright, Schenectady I USA 5. Digital Computer Applications in Power Systems Mr. D. Ernst, Erlangen / FRG 6. Digital Computer Applications in Chemical and Oil Industries Dr. H.

FOREWORD This book came about as a result of two events: an exhibition on the Solvay Physics Councils, held in Brussels in May 1995, and a conference on the same theme which took place at the Free University of Brussels (ULB) on May 1Oth 1995. A book was published in French in conjunction with the exhibition, and much of the present publication is taken from that book. In addition, we have included some of the papers presented at the conference, as we believe they add a further dimension to the history of the Councils. The French term, Conseil Solvay, is usually translated into English as Solvay Conference or Congress. We have elected to retain the particular connotations of the French word Conseil by translating it instead as Council. The Councils were, after all, no ordinary conferences. Only a limited number of participants was invited, hand picked by a scientific committee, who for five to six days took an active part in the sessions and the long discussions that followed. Each day, one or two physicists would present a paper on a subject that had been chosen by the committee to fit in with the overall theme of the Council. The word Conseil expressly implies the gathering of an elite to engage in debate.

A bulky document on cement science and manufacturing technology is difficult for a college junior to easily understand. Thus, it is better to write a short and precise book that contains only the necessary basic content. This introductory book is designed as a short and concise resource for undergraduate university students studying chemical science (chemistry and chemical engineering), material science, geology, and construction technology. It emphasizes different types of cement, admixtures, and how to analyze the chemical compositions of cement in the laboratory. Technical procedures of cement analysis are very important for determining and comparing chemical compositions. This book describes the detailed procedures for different test parameters.

Advances in Soft Computing contains the most recent developments in the field of soft computing in engineering design and manufacture. The book comprises a selection of papers that were first presented in June 1998 at the 3rd On-line World Conference on Soft Computing in Engineering Design and Manufacturing. Amongst these are four invited papers by World-renowned researchers in the field. Soft computing is a collection of methodologies which aim to exploit tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth to achieve tractability, robustness and low solution cost. The area of applications of soft computing is extensive. Principally the constituents of soft computing are: fuzzy computing, neuro-computing, genetic computing and probabilistic computing. The topics in this book are well focused on engineering design an d manufacturing. This broad collection of 43 research papers, has been arranged into nine parts by the editors. These include: Design Support Systems, Intelligent Control, Data Mining and New Topics in EA basics. The papers on evolutionary design and optimisation are of particular interest. Innovative techniques are explored and the reader is introduced to new, highly advanced research results. The editors present a unique collection of papers that provide a comprehensive overview of current developments in soft computing research around the world.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Energy Science and Applied Technology (ESAT 2014), December 20-21, 2014, Daqing, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2nd International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Automation (AMMA 2015), April 19-20, 2015, Hong Kong

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON 2015), March 18-20, 2015, Phuket, Thailand

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering and Modern Technologies in Industrial Engineering (MEMTIE 2014), October 25-26, 2014, Changsha, Hunan, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 5th International Conference on Flexible and Printed Electronics (ICFPE 2014), October 21-23, 2014, Beijing, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Civil, Materials and Computing Engineering (ICCMC 2014), December 6-7, 2014, Taiwan

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Architecture Science (ICAEMAS 2014), January 4-5, 2014, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 3rd International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES 2013), November 23-24, 2013, Bangkok, Thailand

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 4th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Industry and Manufacturing Engineering (MEIME 2014), October 25-26, 2014, Beijing, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 5th International Conference on Computing, Control and Industrial Engineering (CCIE 2014), October 25-26, 2014, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Control Engineering (ICMCE 2014), August 27-28, 2014, Zhuhai, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Material Engineering, Energy and Applied Technology (MEEA 2014), November 29-30, 2014, Hefei, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Manufacturing Technology and Electronics Applications (ICMTEA 2014), November 8-9, 2014, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 5th International Conference on Mechanical Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2014), November 14-16, 2014, Xi'an, Shanxi,China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology (REET 2014), August 19-20, 2014, Dalian, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 3rd International Conference on Key Engineering Materials and Computer Science (KEMCS 2014), August 5-6, 2014, Singapore

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 4th International Conference on Intelligent System and Applied Material (GSAM 2014), August 23-24, 2014, Taiyuan, China

The volume collects papers illustrating the work done within a research project on structural identification and diagnostics. The papers deal with problems taken from civil engineering applications and cover various topics or aspects in this field. The focus is mainly addressed to dynamic identification techniques. In a field like that of inverse problems, where the lack of a satisfactory framework of general properties may obstruct applications to practical problems, the book offers a collection of simple case studies where numerical simulation and experimental measurements are combined to get diagnostic information. It's worth mentioning a paper that specifically confines to crack detection in beams and rods and establishes a series of rigorously proved results that may turn useful in damage detection. In particular, the paper provides the answer to a recently raised question as to the minimal number of frequency measurements needed in order to localise the crack.

This book contains 18 invited contributions to the first Inter­ national Symposium on Order-Disorder Transformations in Alloys+. They cover the major aspects of this group of phase transformations. Although structural order-disorder transformations have been investigated for over 50 years the invited papers, the research papers - whose titles and authors are listed in the appendix - and the discussions at the Symposium have demonstrated very active continued interest and con­ siderable recent progress in the subject. This is true for theoretical work as weIl as for experimental studies and for the development of materials whose properties result from order-disorder transformations. + Some major national conferences on ordering were held in the USA and in the USSR in recent years; the proceedings are available in the following pUblications: Local Atomic Arrangements Studied by X-Ray Diffraction, Gordon & Breach, New York 1966 2 Ordered Alloys, Claitor's Publ. Div., Baton Rouge, La. 1970 3 Summaries of the Proceedings of the 2nd Union Conference on Atomic Ordering and its Influence on the Properties of Alloys, Naukova Dumka, Kiev 1966 4 Atomic Ordering and its Influence on the Properties of Alloys, Naukova Dumka, Kiev 1968 5 Atomic Ordering and its Influence on the Properties of Alloys, TGU, Tomsk 1973 111 In assembling these papers it vas attempted to compile a systematic and approximately complete compendium of the sUbject.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Material Engineering (CEME 2013), December 21-22, 2013, Wuhan, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 Asian Pacific Conference on Mechatronics and Control Engineering (APCMCE 2013), March 26-27, 2013, Hong Kong

System-on-Chip Methodologies & Design Languages brings together a selection of the best papers from three international electronic design language conferences in 2000. The conferences are the Hardware Description Language Conference and Exhibition (HDLCon), held in the Silicon Valley area of USA; the Forum on Design Languages (FDL), held in Europe; and the Asia Pacific Chip Design Language (APChDL) Conference. The papers cover a range of topics, including design methods, specification and modeling languages, tool issues, formal verification, simulation and synthesis. The results presented in these papers will help researchers and practicing engineers keep abreast of developments in this rapidly evolving field.

IFIP Working Group 5.2 has organized a series of workshops extending the concept of intelligent CAD to the concept of'knowledge intensive engineering'. The concept advocates that intensive life-cycle knowledge regarding products and design processes must be incorporated in the center of the CAD architecture. It focuses on the systematization and sharing of knowledge across the life-cycle stages and organizational boundaries. From Knowledge Intensive CAD to Knowledge Intensive Engineering comprises the Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Knowledge Intensive CAD, which was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) and held in Parma, Italy in May 2000. This workshop looked at the evolution of knowledge intensive design for the product life cycle moving towards knowledge intensive engineering. The 18 selected papers present an overview of the state-of-the-art in knowledge intensive engineering, discussing theoretical aspects and also practical systems and experiences gained in this area. An invited speaker paper is also included, discussing the role of knowledge in product and process innovation and technology for processing semantic knowledge. Main issues discussed in the book are: Architectures for knowledge intensive CAD; Tools for knowledge intensive CAD; Methodologies for knowledge intensive CAD; Implementation of knowledge intensive CAD; Applications of knowledge intensive CAD; Evolution of knowledge intensive design for the life-cycle; Formal methods. The volume is essential reading for researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, systems developers of advanced computer-aided design and manufacturing systems, and engineers involved in industrial applications.

SECIII-Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT Welcome to the post-conference book of SECIII, the IFIP Open Conference on Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) which took place from July 22-26, 2002 at the University of Dortmund, Germany, in co-operation with the German computer society (Gesellschaft flir Informatik). Unlike most international conferences, those organised within the IFIP education community are active events. This wasn't a dry academic conference - teachers, lecturers and curriculum experts, policy makers, researchers and manufacturers mingled and worked together to explore, reflect and discuss social, ethical and cognitive issues. The added value lies in what they, the participants, took away in new ideas for future research and practice, and in the new networks that were formed, both virtual and real. In addition to Keynote Addresses and Paper Presentations from international authors, there were Provocative Paper sessions, Case Studies, Focussed Debates and Creative Exchange sessions as well as professional Working Groups who debated particular themes. The Focussed Debate sessions helped to stimulate the sense of engagement among conference participants. A Market Place with follow-up Working Groups was a positive highlight and galvanised participants to produce interesting reports. These were presented to the conference on its last day. Cross-fertilisation between the papers generated some surprising and useful cross-referencing and a plethora of social, ethical and cognitive issues emerged in the discussions that followed the paper presentations.

In late 1917 Pierre Fatou and Gaston Julia each announced several results regarding the iteration ofrational functions of a single complex variable in the Comptes rendus of the French Academy of Sciences. These brief notes were the tip of an iceberg. In 1918 Julia published a long and fascinating treatise on the subject, which was followed in 1919 by an equally remarkable study, the first instalIment of a three­ part memoir by Fatou. Together these works form the bedrock of the contemporary study of complex dynamics. This book had its genesis in a question put to me by Paul Blanchard. Why did Fatou and Julia decide to study iteration? As it turns out there is a very simple answer. In 1915 the French Academy of Sciences announced that it would award its 1918 Grand Prix des Sciences mathematiques for the study of iteration. However, like many simple answers, this one doesn't get at the whole truth, and, in fact, leaves us with another equally interesting question. Why did the Academy offer such a prize? This study attempts to answer that last question, and the answer I found was not the obvious one that came to mind, namely, that the Academy's interest in iteration was prompted by Henri Poincare's use of iteration in his studies of celestial mechanics.

Projects are becoming more complex and traditional project management is proving inadequate. The key papers in this volume, which takes a look at a variety of new approaches, have been written by 13 leading figures and are discussed by 54 invited academics, consultants, contractors and clients from 15 countries. The papers cover modelling techniques (extensions to PERT methods, risk analysis, and system dynamics), particular domains (new technology, software development and infrastructure projects, specifically human factors), corporate structures (from both Western and Eastern European perspectives), management techniques (Western and Eastern), and the management of portfolios of projects. The book adopts a wide view, rather than advocating one technique: the mix of authors provides a rich, heterogeneous perspective. Mathematical modelling is balanced with human management, and over-complex of simplistic techniques are avoided. Readers are assumed already to have a sound knowledge of project management.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 International Conference on Materials, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2013), October 19-20, 2013, Guilin, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Control and Mechatronic Engineering (ICACME 2013), June 21-22, 2013, Bangkok, Thailand

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 9th International Symposium on Linear Drives for Industry Applications (LDIA 2013), July 7-10, 2013, Hangzhou, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE 2013), August 17-18, 2013, Tianjin, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 International Conference on Mechanics, Simulation and Control (ICMSC 2013), June 22-23, 2013, Kanyakumari, India

The twentieth century is the period during which the history of Greek mathematics reached its greatest acme. Indeed, it is by no means exaggerated to say that Greek mathematics represents the unique field from the wider domain of the general history of science which was included in the research agenda of so many and so distinguished scholars, from so varied scientific communities (historians of science, historians of philosophy, mathematicians, philologists, philosophers of science, archeologists etc.), while new scholarship of the highest quality continues to be produced. This volume includes 19 classic papers on the history of Greek mathematics that were published during the entire 20th century and affected significantly the state of the art of this field. It is divided into six self-contained sections, each one with its own editor, who had the responsibility for the selection of the papers that are republished in the section, and who wrote the introduction of the section. It constitutes a kind of a Reader book which is today, one century after the first publications of Tannery, Zeuthen, Heath and the other outstanding figures of the end of the 19th and the beg- ning of 20th century, rather timely in many respects.

'Scientists other than quantum physicists often fail to comprehend the enormity of the conceptual change wrought by quantum theory in our basic conception of the nature of matter,'writes Henry Stapp. Stapp is a leading quantum physicist who has given particularly careful thought to the implications of the theory that lies at the heart of modern physics. In this book, which contains several of his key papers as well as new material, he focuses on the problem of consciousness and explains how quantum mechanics allows causally effective conscious thought to be combined in a natural way with the physical brain made of neurons and atoms. The book is divided into four sections. The first consists of an extended introduction. Key foundational and somewhat more technical papers are included in the second part, together with a clear exposition of the'orthodox'interpretation of quantum mechanics. The third part addresses, in a non-technical fashion, the implications of the theory for some of the most profound questions that mankind has contemplated: How does the world come to be just what it is and not something else? How should humans view themselves in a quantum universe? What will be the impact on society of the revised scientific image of the nature of man? The final part contains a mathematical appendix for the specialist and a glossary of important terms and ideas for the interested layman. This new edition has been updated and extended to address recent debates about consciousness.

Optimization problems abound in most fields of science, engineering, and tech­ nology. In many of these problems it is necessary to compute the global optimum (or a good approximation) of a multivariable function. The variables that define the function to be optimized can be continuous and/or discrete and, in addition, many times satisfy certain constraints. Global optimization problems belong to the complexity class of NP-hard prob­ lems. Such problems are very difficult to solve. Traditional descent optimization algorithms based on local information are not adequate for solving these problems. In most cases of practical interest the number of local optima increases, on the aver­ age, exponentially with the size of the problem (number of variables). Furthermore, most of the traditional approaches fail to escape from a local optimum in order to continue the search for the global solution. Global optimization has received a lot of attention in the past ten years, due to the success of new algorithms for solving large classes of problems from diverse areas such as engineering design and control, computational chemistry and biology, structural optimization, computer science, operations research, and economics. This book contains refereed invited papers presented at the conference on'State of the Art in Global Optimization: Computational Methods and Applications'held at Princeton University, April 28-30, 1995. The conference presented current re­ search on global optimization and related applications in science and engineering. The papers included in this book cover a wide spectrum of approaches for solving global optimization problems and applications.