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Looking for a comprehensive textbook that covers the interaction between micro-organisms and food? Spoilage, foodborne illness, and fermentation. Food Microbiology has been the most popular textbook in this area since it was first published in 1995. Now in its fifth edition, the highly successful authors bring the book right up to date. Maintaining its general structure and philosophy to encompass modern food microbiology, this new edition provides updated and revised individual chapters and uses new examples to illustrate incidents. It covers the three main aspects of the interaction between micro-organisms and food and the positive and negative features that result. Attention is paid to the illustrations included and there is a discussion on the factors affecting the presence of micro-organisms in foods and their capacity to survive and grow. Finally, recent developments in procedures used to assay and control the microbiological quality of food and protect public health are reported. Thorough and accessible, this book is designed for students in the biological sciences, biotechnology, and food science, as well as a valuable resource for researchers, teachers, and practising food microbiologists.

Focusing on the complexity of the food digestion process from oral cavity to intestine, this book looks at the anatomical intricacies of the digestive system, techniques currently used to study food digestibility, the glycemic index and bioavailability of food components. It also provides a detailed understanding of various modification techniques critical to any food product development, such as modification of food structure, its composition, and size. Being the first of its kind to provide an in-depth idea of various stages of food digestion, whilst linking it with approaches in modifying foods so as to cater to specific food or functional requirements, the book provides an integrated approach. Existing methods to understand the process of food digestion and advances in artificial systems that have been used for such studies are presented, substantiated with findings from scientific publications. Apart from readers from the field of medicine, this book is highly inter-disciplinary and will attract readers from food science, nutrition and food physics.

Large amounts of money, time and effort are devoted to sensory and consumer research in food and beverage companies in an attempt to maximize the chances of new products succeeding in the marketplace. Many new products fail due to lack of consumer interest. Answers to what causes this and what can be done about it are complex and remain unclear. This wide-ranging reference collates important information about all aspects of this in one volume for the first time. It provides comprehensive, state-of-art coverage of essential concepts, methods and applications related to the study of consumer evaluation, acceptance and adoption of new foods and beverages. Combining knowledge and expertise from multiple disciplines that study food sensory evaluation and consumer behaviour, it covers advanced methods including analytical, instrumental and human characterization of flavour, aspects of food processing and special research applications of knowledge and methods related to consumers'evaluation of new food products. Researchers and professionals working in food science and chemistry are sure to find this an interesting read.

Since 1984 this book, now in its 7th edition and thoroughly updated, has introduced the crucial interface between our diet and the essentially chemical nature of what we eat and drink. The contributions of the various classes of natural food components, as well as additives and contaminants, to the nutritional value of foods are considered. These include the nutrients required in large amounts like carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals and water as well as the less bulky nutrients such as vitamins, flavours, colours and preservatives. Undesirable food components, including allergens, pesticide residues and toxins are also dealt with. Not just the nature of food components are described, but also how they behave in storage, processing and cooking and accompanying changes in a food's nutritional value. The book features a ‘Special Topics'section at the end of each chapter for specialist readers and advanced students, comprehensive listings of up-to-date review articles and recommended books for further reading, an exhaustive index and the structural formulae of over 500 food components. Frequent reference is also made to wider food and health issues, e.g. lactose intolerance, polyunsaturated fatty acids, wheat and gluten evolution, salt and hypertension, flavonoids in tea and fruit, and the increasing replacement of artificial with natural food colours. Food: The Chemistry of its Components will be of particular interest to students and teachers of food science, nutrition and applied chemistry in universities, colleges and schools. Its accessible style ensures that it will be invaluable to anyone with an interest in food issues. Extracts from reviews of previous editions:“A superb book to have by your side when you read your daily newspaper.” New Scientist.“… filled me with delight, curiosity and wonder. All the chemistry is very clear and I thoroughly recommend it.” The Chemical Educator.“This is a lively and thorough treatment of the subject. I can recommend it to anyone interested in food, as an excellent reference or just to pick up and browse.” School Science Review.“Especially noteworthy are the author's simple observations on foods that are familiar to us all …” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Safety.

As a result of their unique physical properties, biological membrane mimetics such as biopolymers are used in a broad range of scientific and technological applications. This comprehensive book covers new applications of biopolymers in the research and development of industrial scale nutraceutical and functional food grade products. All the major food biopolymers are included, from plant, animal and marine sources. Coverage also includes biopolymer-based drug delivery mechanisms intended for biological applications such as bio-detection of pathogens, fluorescent biological labels, and drug and gene delivery. This is the first interdisciplinary book to address this area specifically and is essential reading for those who produce the functional biopolymer materials as well as those who seek to incorporate them into appropriate nutraceutical, food and drug delivery products.

The physical properties associated with the saturated and trans fats obtained through partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils (PHVOs) provide the solid fat content, melting and textural properties that consumers require in food products like butter, margarines, vegetable creams, spreads, and confectionary fats. However, saturated and trans fats increase low density lipoprotein, while trans fats also lower high-density lipoprotein serum levels. These indicators increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, stroke, and have recently been associated with metabolic syndrome. Consequently, regulatory agencies worldwide have passed legislation restricting the addition of PHVOs and their derivatives (i.e., shortenings) to food products. This has lead research groups worldwide to investigate different mechanisms to provide structural and physical properties to edible, healthy unsaturated oils. The overall objective is to achieve similar functional properties to those provided by PHVOs and shortenings to food products. This book encompasses the work of leading researchers discussing, from a scientific and technological perspective, the latest and most innovative approaches to structure edible oils without the use of trans fats. Additionally, the authors discuss practical uses and technical limitations associated with the use of'structured edible oils'in different food systems. Appealing to researchers and professionals working in lipid science, food chemistry and fat metabolism, it fills the gap in the literature for a book in this fast-changing field.

Thousands of organisms fall under the umbrella of fungal species, many with unique properties; some innocuous, some useful and some harmful. This book covers the chemical composition and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties of edible fungi. It provides updates, future trends and perspectives on edible fungi, their nutritional properties, chemical features and different biological activities ascribed to them. Linking their functional use with different food products, it details the many health related properties of edible fungi. Phenolic acids, fatty acids, macromolecules, and different terpenes and steroids are presented as compounds with health improving properties. The book also discusses current technologies for mushroom cultivation and cultural use of mushrooms around the globe. Intended for food scientists and technologists, this book offers insights into current research and developments on edible fungi and will stimulate additional research in this area. It could also be considered as a supplementary text for courses such as applied or medical mycology.

Turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a yellow spice of high economic importance due to its medicinal value. Cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, it is used extensively as a colouring, flavouring and preserving agent. In recent years, several drugs derived from natural products have been developed and current drug research is actively investigating the possible therapeutic roles of many Ayurvedic medicines, most notable among those being examined is turmeric. The wide range of pharmacological activities attributed to turmeric come mainly from curcuminoids and two related compounds, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. This comprehensive book brings together the research carried out on constituents obtained from turmeric and highlights their chemical and biological activities. Comprising 17 chapters, each written by experts in their respective field and curated by authorities, it will be invaluable to all those who are involved in the production, processing, marketing, and the use of turmeric. Appealing to researchers and professionals in natural products, nutraceuticals and food chemists, this book is exposing some of the myths and showing areas for possible future use.

Culinary herbs and spices have been recognised globally for their dietary and medicinal uses for centuries. A growing body of research is acknowledging their health-promoting properties as well as their therapeutic potential with reference to a number of chronic non-communicable diseases including cancer and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this book is to bring together current knowledge of thirty of the most commonly used culinary herbs and spices globally in an accessible dictionary format. For each culinary herb or spice the following is covered: origin and history of use, including their use in food preservation and for medicinal purposes; nutritional composition; chemistry; sensory properties; adulteration; current and emerging research concerning their bioactive properties and their health promoting and therapeutic potential; safety; and adverse effects. The book is a central source of information for those who have a general interest in these foods, are studying plant and food science and nutrition, and who practice or have an interest in the culinary arts.

In food product development, as in all new product development, time is money. This is the first book that describes and explains food development from the point of view of the consumer rather than from the top down approach. Innovative development starts with the consumers and makes use of new disrupting technologies to describe the process. Combining research from experienced and international top quality contributors, it defines the more nuanced development solutions that are becoming available. Coverage includes the use of artificial intelligence, big data and other new technologies that add to the new product development (NPD) process and help to create successful products with shorter lead times. It includes case studies from around the world that consider aspects of consumer behaviour as well as consumer responses to market research. Aimed at all those involved in new product development, e.g. marketing personnel, food engineers and manufacturers as well as food scientists, this book will provide a fascinating insight into this exciting area of research.

Food additives play a vital role in allowing food manufacturers to provide the range of foods that are available in the developed countries of the world. Additives cover a considerable range from the recognisable sodium bicarbonate used to make cakes in the domestic kitchen to mono- and di-acetyltartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids used as emulsifiers in commercial bread production. They include curcumin, the yellow colour in turmeric, beeswax and citric acid, the acid in citrus fruit, as well as substances prepared synthetically. It has long been fashionable in the media to criticise additives and, in so doing, to lump them all together but this ignores their diversity, their vital role in food production and preservation and the extensive testing they have undergone before being approved. This book outlines why additives are used, the testing regime within Europe, and a complete listing of all additives permitted within the EU. The law covering food additives in the EU, which was harmonised in 1989, has been revised a number of times, most recently by the publication of Regulations 1333/2008 and 1129/2011. These Regulations have been amended a number times with additives being removed or added. This fifth edition of the Guide brings it up to date with a revision of every chapter to reflect the current situation. Providing an invaluable resource for food and drink manufacturers, this book is the only work covering in detail every additive, its sources and uses. Those working in and around the food industry, students of food science and indeed anyone with an interest in what is in their food will find this a practical book full of fascinating details.

Methods for identification and measurement of existing and newly discovered contaminants are required, especially those that are cheap, simple and rapid, so that testing may be more frequent within the food supply chain. This book examines the formation of toxic compounds during the processing of food and strategies to mitigate their creation. Modification of process conditions can reduce the health risks posed by these compounds to consumers. This new volume will update knowledge on current methods for mitigation of these process contaminants and is aimed at industrialists in food processing, academic researchers and graduate students studying food science and technology or food engineering.

The most useful properties of food, i.e. the ones that are detected through look, touch and taste, are a manifestation of the food's structure. Studies about how this structure develops or can be manipulated during food production and processing are a vital part of research in food science. This book provides the status of research on food structure and how it develops through the interplay between processing routes and formulation elements. It covers food structure development across a range of food settings and consider how this alters in order to design food with specific functionalities and performance. Food structure has to be considered across a range of length scales and the book includes a section focusing on analytical and theoretical approaches that can be taken to analyse/characterise food structure from the nano- to the macro-scale. The book concludes by outlining the main challenges arising within the field and the opportunities that these create in terms of establishing or growing future research activities. Edited and written by world class contributors, this book brings the literature up-to-date by detailing how the technology and applications have moved on over the past 10 years. It serves as a reference for researchers in food science and chemistry, food processing and food texture and structure.

The food supply chain needs to reassure consumers and businesses about the safety and standards of food. Global estimates of the cost of food fraud to economies run into billions of dollars hence a huge surge in interest in food authenticity and means of detecting and preventing food fraud and food crime. Approaches targeting DNA markers have assumed a pre-eminence. This book is the most comprehensive and timely collection of material from those working at the forefront of DNA techniques applied to food authenticity. Addressing the new field of analytical molecular biology as it combines the quality assurance rigour of analytical chemistry with DNA techniques, it introduces the science behind DNA as a target analyte, its extraction, amplification, detection and quantitation as applied to the detection of food fraud and food crime. Making the link with traditional forensic DNA profiling and describing emerging and cutting-edge techniques such as next generation sequencing, this book presents real-world case studies from a wide perspective including from analytical service providers, industry, enforcement agencies and academics. It will appeal to food testing laboratories worldwide, who are just starting to use these techniques and students of molecular biology, food science and food integrity. Food policy professionals and regulatory organisations who will be using these techniques to back up legislation and regulation will find the text invaluable. Those in the food industry in regulatory and technical roles will want to have this book on their desks.

Gas chromatography is widely used in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, and flavour and aroma components. Providing an up-to-date look at the significant advances in the technology, this book includes details on novel sample preparation processes; conventional, high-speed multidimensional gas chromatography systems, including preparative instrumentation; gas chromatography–olfactometry principles; and, finally, chemometrics principles and applications in food analysis. Aimed at providing the food researcher or analyst with detailed analytical information related to advanced gas chromatography technologies, this book is suitable for professionals and postgraduate students learning about the technique in the food industry and research.

Gels are used in a large variety of commercial and scientific products from drug delivery systems and food science to biomedical sensors. They also are invaluable in MRI physics research where they mimic biological tissue and in radiotherapy quality assurance where they are used to capture the three dimensional radiation dose distribution. This unique book discusses the state-of-the-art of NMR and MRI techniques in studying the physics and chemistry of gel systems, in their application as MRI phantoms and as three dimensional radiation dosimeters. The first part of the book will cover the fundamental physical concepts of gels and the NMR techniques to study gel systems. The second part is dedicated to the application of gels in the life sciences and in the medical practice to validate radiotherapy and new MRI techniques.Filling the gap in literature, this volume provides the scientific reader with an extensive overview of possible techniques and methods to study the interesting properties and applications of gels. For the MRI researcher and medical physicist, the book will be a valuable resource in using gel phantoms for validating contemporary MRI techniques and radiotherapy treatments.

Providing an introduction to the use of nutrition and health claims, this book explores these claims around the world and the impact of the different legislations on consumers as well as likely developments in the future. As nations tackle the food and health issues of the 21st century, this book will provide a single source drawing together all of these topics. In recent years, nutrition and health claims displayed on food packaging have become more regulated with the dual aims of protecting consumers from false claims and promoting consumption of foods with proven health benefits. Edited by Siân Astley, with contributions from renowned experts, chapters describe the legislation underpinning nutrition and health claims globally, explain the permitted use of claims globally in theory and practice and explore differences between the various legislative frameworks. This book will be of interest to those involved in food health and dietary impact research, as well as food manufacturers, legal and healthcare students with an interest in food, nutrition, bioactive compounds and human health.

This is the first book for some years that provides a comprehensive overview of food oral processing. It includes fundamental chapters at the beginning of each section to aid the understanding of the later more specific oral processing chapters. The field is rapidly developing, and the systems researched in the context of food oral processing become increasingly complex and therefore the fundamental sections include information on how to build complex food systems. The main coverage includes the biomechanics of swallowing, the biophysics of mouthfeel and texture as well as the biochemistry of flavours and how food microstructures can be manipulated. It contains up-to-date research findings, looking at consumer preferences and the response to these preferences by food process technologists and those developing new foods. The book will be of interest to postgraduate students and researchers in academia and industry who may be from very diverse backgrounds ranging from food process engineers to functional food developers and professionals concerned with swallowing and taste disorders.

Nutrients can act as signalling molecules to initiate or mediate signalling transduction that regulates cell function and homeostasis. As such, altered nutrient status has been linked to dysregulated transcripts and protein expression, which affects mitochondrial function, autophagy, inflammation, metabolism and even gut microbiota. This book disseminates the cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to nutritional signalling activities in metabolism and metabolic derangements (e.g., obesity and diabetes), which covers the regulatory mechanisms and dietary interventions for disease prevention. This book represents current nutritional and metabolic research. From the basic (molecular science) perspective, it covers metabolomics, proteomics, nutrigenomics, nuclear receptors and transcription factors, inflammatory pathways, autophagy, mitochondrial health and gut microbiota. From the clinical (translational science) perspective, this book covers clinical trials, precision nutrition, maternal nutrition and transgenerational health, and allometric scaling of dietary bioactives in translational metabolic research. It brings to the reader in-depth understanding of the nutritional aspect, cellular and molecular biology, as well as pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. In addition, each chapter in this book includes a component of future direction or intervention perspective, making the new knowledge transformative and translational. Aimed at researchers and professionals interested in nutrition, dietetics and metabolic disorders, this book will also appeal to health science researchers.

A precise analysis of biogenic amines is important as an indicator of food freshness or spoilage that can cause serious toxicity. This book provides comprehensive background information on biogenic amines and their occurrence in various foods and drinks such as fermented and non-fermented sausages and fish products, cheeses, vegetables and beverages, e.g. beer, cider and wine. It gives a detailed description of both the established analytical methods and the emerging technologies for the analysis of them. As the first book on the detection of biogenic amines in all types of food, it provides help to get a better understanding of the risks associated with biogenic amines and how to avoid them. It serves as an excellent and up-to-date reference for food scientists, food chemists and food safety professionals.

How does the nose know what it smells? How do we taste foods? What gives foods their characteristic flavours? How do the methods of food preparation and processing change the flavours of foods? Food Flavours answers these questions and much more, in a clear and understandable manner, describing the composition of flavour compounds and the contributions they make to our sensory experiences. The book begins with the chemical reactions by which chemical compounds develop in plants, and continues through the processing and preparation of foods. It then turns to our chemical sensory systems to describe the recognition and neural processing of these compounds in the nervous system, and the reactions that we have to flavours. The way that chemical qualities give foods their characteristic flavours, and the ways various methods of food preparation and preservation affect those compounds and the resulting flavours are dealt with in detail, both from a chemical and a biological aspect. Throughout, Food Flavours provides special in-depth coverage of taste/odour physiology, and it contains a unique chapter providing a learning and problem-solving technique that will prove invaluable to students in all areas of food science, as well as in biological, organic and analytical chemistry, and will be a good addition to any food technologist's bookshelf.

Food fraudsters be warned! Sophisticated science was at the centre of detecting and prosecuting this new crime of food fraud. The ground-breaking case, a first of its kind, needed new sentencing guidelines for judges, new working arrangements for prosecutors and police and an EU-wide agreement on techniques and standards used for prosecution, which were agreed on the hoof in response to a crime detected in over 40 countries. In 2013 thousands of consumers, retailers and food businesses were ripped-off by insiders - thieves who substituted and sold horse-meat in place of beef. They used a web of deception that involved unwitting suppliers passing off their fraudulent produce to some of Britain's largest retailers and international food business. Following so-called Horsegate, the enforcement world had to change. There is now a team focussing on food fraud and a desire to put the perpetrators behind bars. Much tougher sanctions have been introduced with the aim of discouraging such crimes. This book is a timely look at the web of deception and how it can be stopped. Aimed at food enforcement professionals, lay readers with an interest in crime, students studying food fraud, criminology or forensics and anyone who eats food. Once again, life emulated art, this deception mirrors the story of the thief who came to dinner, gained inside knowledge and stole priceless artefacts from the host. So, who will come to dinner next time? This is the second book by the author, a scientist sharing his inside knowledge on this food crime.

Often described as ‘nature's perfect food', perceptions of egg consumption and human health have evolved substantially over the past decades, in particular dietary guidelines no longer include a limit for dietary cholesterol and recommend eggs as part of healthy eating patterns. This book presents the opportunities for processing eggs to produce value-added food, nutritional, biomedical, functional food, and nutraceutical applications. It provides new evidence around egg consumption with respect to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, weight management, mental development, eye, muscle, and ageing health. It also highlights the new discovery regarding egg bioactives that are relevant to anti-oxidants, anti-inflammation, cardiovascular and bone health, anti-microbial and anti-viral activities. Appealing to food scientists, food chemists, researchers in human nutrition specialising in eggs and dairy nutrition, and those involved in egg production, this book is reflecting the trends and innovations in this area of research.

Mass spectrometric techniques have developed over recent years to offer ever increasing solutions to solving problems in food processing and packaging. Even the smallest amount of contamination in food can cause a problem for food production companies, thus they are keen to find speedy and efficient quality control methods. This book outlines how ingredients and their interrelationship with processing and packaging have developed with the exploitation of mass spectrometry and gives practical protocols to stake holders showing the flexibility of this technique. With huge relevance worldwide, this book will appeal to food packaging scientists and mass spectrometry practitioners alike.

Tomato is one of the most widespread horticultural species in the world. Used in a wide and diverse range of forms, from being suitable for consumption fresh to use as a manufactured derivative, e.g. sauce, peeled, juices, ketchup, etc., it is hard to imagine tomato-free cuisine. With many national traditions and dishes based on this culinary vegetable, it is said to be one of the symbols of Mediterranean cuisine.This book looks at the many changes that are taking place in the tomato market and industry; tomato producers are combining tomato origin, tradition, territory, quality, service and supply chain to adapt to the needs of the new consumers. It deals with the topics that are pertinent to the current industry: rheology and mechanical properties; origin determination; innovation and new product development; market research; sensory and consumer preference; quality control and new methods; volatile compounds and aroma; non-conventional processing technologies; functional and healthy compounds; waste and by-product valorization; and sustainability and traditional products.Providing a comprehensive overview of the actual tomato industry; how it ensures product authenticity; new product development, particularly focused on consumer demands; the presence of bio-active substances able to prevent chronic diseases (carotenoids, phenolic and flavonoids); and how to convert industrial waste into added value by-products; this book will appeal to professionals and food product developers.

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world but what are the health advantages or disadvantages from consuming it? This book covers how health is influenced by the consumption of coffee from protective effects and potential contributions of bioactive compounds to health to potential risks involved. Written by an international collection of contributors in the field who concentrate on coffee research, it is edited expertly to ensure quality of content, consistency and organization across the chapters. Aimed at advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers and accompanied by a sister volume covering how production and chemistry influence the quality of coffee, these titles provide an impactful and accessible guide to the current research in the field and information on the health aspects for nutritionists and other health professionals.

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world but how does the production influence chemistry and quality? This book covers coffee production, quality and chemistry from the plant to the cup. Written by an international collection of contributors in the field who concentrate on coffee research, it is edited expertly to ensure quality of content, consistency and organization across the chapters. Aimed at advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers and accompanied by a sister volume covering how health is influenced by the consumption of coffee, these titles provide an impactful and accessible guide to the current research in the field.

There are significant challenges in food analysis, problems with food contamination and authentication, and a worldwide need to ensure food safety. This book provides a description of antibody-based technologies used in food analysis. It focuses on key applications, outlining the approaches used, their advantages and limitations, and describes future areas for development. Chapters are written by experts in the field, critically examining each of the currently used methodologies and highlighting new evolving technologies, such as lab-on-chip and microfluidics-based devices and biosensors. Case studies demonstrating the utility of each of the methods described are included. Important introductory chapters cover sample preparation for analysis and statistical sampling necessary for quality control for verification of results. An overview chapter highlighting major analytical issues and areas that have specific requirements, e.g. food authentication, is provided. Researchers and scientists in the field who have to acquire, verify and use technologies for food analysis, food producers and processors, food safety and testing laboratories, and government agencies will all find this a useful addition to their library.

Globally, cereal grains are a staple part of the diet providing primarily carbohydrates and other phytochemical components. Detailed coverage of the composition and functionality of the bulk carbohydrate components, specifically starch, beta-glucans, and arabinoxylans, and the trace phytochemical components, i.e. phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, deoxyanthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins in cereal grains and grain products is provided. Considerable attention is paid to the interactions between carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components in grains including starch–protein and starch–lipid interactions and their effects on starch digestibility. The phenolic constituents bound to grain dietary fiber also receive detailed consideration and the final chapter presents a review that discusses whole grain–gut microbiota interactions identifying new areas of research that may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms linked to human health. This book provides researchers, clinicians and students with a comprehensive compendium on aspects of whole grain components and brings the literature up to date.

Interest in anthocyanins has increased in the past few years, due to their potential health-promoting properties as dietary antioxidants. Previously they were known as an important class of natural colorant, orange-red to blue-violet, found in fruits such as berries and in vegetables. This book discusses ways of targeting the delivery of these compounds, through manipulation of exploitation mechanisms. It addresses all aspects from extraction of anthocyanins from natural sources, their health benefits and metabolism to specialized controlled release applications. It will serve as a unique reference for those specializing in the fate of anthocyanins in the body (pharmacokinetics) and the research related to controlled release systems. It will provide an insight for pharmaceutical scientists, food engineers, food scientists and those interested in human health and nutrition.

The popularity of the plant Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) has risen due to increasing use and interest in its sweet constituents called steviol glycosides. In recent years, these have been approved all over the world as food additives in the category of sweetener, hence they have received more attention and their use in food formulations has increased significantly. New techniques in growing stevia have resulted in new varieties with interesting steviol glycoside profiles. Also, new techniques to analyse the content of sweeteners in different matrices and the detection of new steviol glycosides with very pleasant sensory profiles has followed. The aim of this book is to present novel uses and manufacturing developments as well as to gather together up-to-date information across the whole developing area of steviol glycosides research.

For centuries, beer has been a favourite drink throughout the world. The art of brewing has more recently evolved into the science it is today as a result of the increased knowledge of both the ingredients and the process. Considerations such as appearance, taste and the nutritional value of beer are important topics for consumers and brewing scientists alike. This book looks at the chemistry behind those aspects of beer that are of particular interest to beer drinkers, namely flavour and nutritional aspects, in combination with a discussion of maintenance of quality and safety, the areas more relevant to the brewing scientist. Beer: Quality, Safety and Nutritional Aspects brings the reader right up to date with current thinking, and will be valued by both interested consumers and those employed in industries related to the brewing industry.

Food preservation by irradiation is gaining recognition as a technology that is more environmentally benign than other current processes such as post-harvest chemical fumigation, it has less impact on thermally sensitive compounds than thermal decontamination technologies such as hot water or steam, and the technology is more accessible and cheaper. As the technical and economic feasibility, as well as the level of consumer acceptance, have increased its use has been growing fast. International organizations including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have coordinated and worked with others to develop norms and review the safety and efficacy of irradiated foods. Commended in the Foreword by Carl Blackburn, Food Irradiation Specialist, Joint FAO / IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, this book makes a strong case for the use of this overwhelmingly safe food processing technique. This comprehensive book is a useful reference for food technologists, analytical chemists and food processing professionals, covering all aspects of gamma, electron beam and X-ray food irradiation, its impact on food matrices and microorganisms, legislation and market aspects. It is the first book to cover control and structural analysis in food irradiation and, being written by leading experts in the field, addresses the current global best practices. It contains updated information about the commercial application of food irradiation technology, especially regarding the type of radiation based on food classes and covers dosimetry, radiation chemistry, food decontamination, food quarantine, food processing and food sterilization.

Since the first edition of The Science of Sugar Confectionery (2000), the confectionery industry has responded to ever-changing consumer habits. This new edition has been thoroughly revised to reflect industry's response to market driven nutrition and dietary concerns, as well as changes in legislation, labelling, and technology. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author's personal knowledge and experience of the sugar confectionery industry is used to provide a thorough and accessible account of the field. Written so the reader needs no more than a rudimentary level of chemistry, this book covers the basic definitions, commonly used and new ingredients in the industry. It then discusses the various types of sugar confectionery including'sugar glasses'(boiled sweets),'grained sugar products'(fondants), toffees and fudges,'hydrocolloids'(gums, pastilles and jellies) and concludes with a new chapter on future outlooks. Featuring expanded coverage of special dietary needs, covering topics such as vegetarianism and veganism, religious requirements and supplemented products, this new edition reflects current and evolving needs in the sugar confectionery field.

Traditional thermal and freezing processing techniques have been effective in maintaining a safe high quality food supply. However, increasing energy costs and the desire to purchase environmentally responsible products have been a stimulus for the development of alternative technologies. Furthermore, some products can undergo quality loss at high temperatures or freezing, which can be avoided by many alternative processing methods. This second edition of Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing provides a review of the current major technologies that reduce energy cost and reduce environmental impact while maintaining food safety and quality. New technologies have been added and relevant legal issues have been updated. Each major technology available to the food industry is discussed by leading international experts who outline the main principles and applications of each. The degree to which they are already in commercial use and developments needed to extend their use further are addressed. This updated reference will be of interest to academic and industrial scientists and engineers across disciplines in the global food industry and in research, and to those needing information in greener or more sustainable technologies.

Providing an updated summary of the application of different types of sensors for the analysis of food safety and quality, this book discusses the core principles, current research status, challenges and successful examples for each technology. In addition, the prospective and future trends for each topic are covered in each chapter. The editor and contributors are all experts in designing and constructing different types of sensors in food analysis, mainly focusing on the determination of food safety and quality.Sensors, as a new generation of detection technique, have many advantages and the application of sensors in food analysis will continue to grow in the next decades. However, until now, there has been no book providing the detailed characterization and summary of sensors in food safety and quality analysis that this book provides. It is vital reading for academic researchers and practising professionals in Food Science, Agricultural Engineering, Biological Systems Engineering, Food Safety, Food Quality and Food Analysis who are using sensors in their work.

Biosensors are increasingly being used to replace traditional methods of analyte detection in the food industry. They offer a much quicker, more reliable and more versatile method for the detection of toxins, allergens, hormones, microorganisms, pesticides and other related compounds. This book, therefore, showcases the latest biosensor development in a single resource. Edited by Minhaz Uddin Ahmed, Mohammed Zourob and Eiichi Tamilya and with contributors from a list of world renowned scientists, this book covers the fabrication of biosensors, the development of miniatursied devices as well as the latest applications in the food industry. Several case studies of recent European food scandals emphasise the need for the development of reliable and affordable food monitoring devices. Up to date information on the current issues facing food biosensor development is presented in this key resource for food biotechnologists, food chemists and biosensor related students and researchers all over the world.

Nanotechnologies in Food provides an overview of the products and applications of nanotechnologies in agri-food and related sectors. Following on from the success of the first edition, this new edition has been revised and updated to bring the reader fully up to date on the emerging technological, societal, and policy and regulatory aspects in relation to nanotechnologies in food. This book contains new chapters discussing some of the aspects that have attracted a lot of debate and research in recent years, such as how the regulatory definition of ‘nanomaterial'is shaping up in Europe and whether it will result in a number of exciting food additives being regarded as nanomaterials, how the new analytical challenges posed by manufactured nanoparticles in food are being addressed and whether the emerging field of nano delivery systems for food ingredients and supplements, made of food materials or other soft/degradable polymers, can raise any consumer safety concerns. The edition concludes by discussing the future trends of the technological developments in the area of nanotechnologies and potential future ‘fusion'with other fields, such as biotechnology and synthetic biology. This book provides a source of much needed and up-to-date information on the products and applications of nanotechnology for the food sector - for scientists, regulators, and consumers alike. It also gives an independent, balanced, and impartial view of the potential benefits as well as risks that nanotechnology applications may bring to the food sector. Whilst providing an overview of the state-of-the-art and foreseeable applications to highlight opportunities for innovation, the book also discusses areas of uncertainty in relation to public perception of the new technological developments, and potential implications for consumer safety and current regulatory controls. The book also discusses the likely public perceptions of nanotechnologies in the light of past technological developments in the food sector, and how the new technology will possibly be regulated under the existing regulatory frameworks.

Whether you know it or not, you become a chemist any time you step into a kitchen. As you cook, you oversee intricate chemical transformations that would test even the most hardened of professional chemists. Focussing on how and why we cook different dishes the way we do, this book introduces basic chemistry through everyday foods and meal preparations. Through its unique meal-by-meal organisation, the book playfully explores the chemistry that turns our food into meals. Topics covered range from roasting coffee beans to scrambling eggs and gluten development in breads. The book features many experiments that you can try in your own kitchen, such as exploring the melting properties of cheese, retaining flavour when cooking and pairing wines with foods. Through molecular chemistry, biology, neuroscience, physics and agriculture, the author discusses various aspects of cooking and food preparation. This is a fascinating read for anyone interested in the science behind cooking.

Despite the growing interest in olive oil, most people know very little about what it is or how it is made. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of olive oil from the tree to table, from a molecular and personal perspective. Growers often do not know what is happening at a molecular level or why certain practices produce superior or inferior results, for example, why adjusting a temperature rewards them with winning oils. This book aims to provide some of the answers as well as the importance of the chemicals responsible for the flavour and health effects. Readers will also get a deeper understanding of what makes an extra virgin olive oil authentic and how scientists are helping to fight fraud regarding this valuable commodity. Including anecdotes from growers of olives and producers of oils, the authors provide an accessible text for a wide audience from food science students to readers interested in the human story of olive oil production.

Driven both by real industrial needs and curiosity for fundamental research, edible oil structuring has emerged as a subject of growing interest with applications in real food systems. With contributions from leading research groups around the world, this book provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the field with special emphasis on the updates from the last 5 years. New insights into the mechanism of gelation in mono- and multicomponent gels are discussed for several categories of previously known structuring agents along with the potential food applications of some of these systems. In addition, use of alternative methods to explore structuring properties of hydrophilic biopolymers are presented with illustrative examples. Some new concepts such as bio-based synthesis of supergelators, foamed oleogels and use of innovative dispersion techniques give a broader picture of the current research in edible oil structuring. This book will be of interest to students, academics and scientists involved in the research of edible oil structuring. It will be an important reference as it provides current information on the state-of-the-art of the field.

Describing the latest research advances in the science and technology of hydrocolloids that are used in food and related systems, this book captures the presentations of leading scientists from the Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry Conference: Hydrocolloid Functionality for Affordable and Sustainable Global Food Solutions held in June 2015. Topics covered include sustainable and secure foods, healthy food products, innovative manufacture and formulation design as well as active packaging and edible films. Providing a fresh glance on food quality, it is a useful information source for researchers and other professionals in industry and academia and a reference for students of food science.

Archaelogists and anthropologists (especially ethnologists) have for many years realised that man's ingestion of alcoholic beverages may well have played a significant part in his transition from hunter-gatherer to agriculturalist. This unique book provides a scientific text on the subject of'ethanol'that also aims to include material designed to show'non-scientists'what fermentation is all about. Conversely, scientists may well be surprised to find the extent to which ethanol has played a part in evolution and civilisation of our species.

Although toxic in large doses, selenium is an essential trace mineral in the animal diet and in some plants. It has a role in making antioxidant enzymes and a particular role in the functioning of the thyroid gland. This volume examines the chemical activity of selenium and its functional health effects eg towards cancers, in the heart and brain. It also covers other areas such as functional food enrichment, whole body metabolism, and the effects of selenium deficiency on health. Part of The Food and Nutritional Components in Focus series, this edited volume pools knowledge across scientific disciplines in a way that increases its applicability to a wide range of audiences. Victor Preedy's own distinguished career in nutritional science has made him a prolific author of research articles and books in this area, and this project fills a gap in providing comprehensive synopses of food substances. Chemists, analytical scientists, forensic scientists, food scientists, as well as course lecturers will all benefit from this interdisciplinary title written by international experts in this area.

Magnetic Resonance has become an established technique to improve the understanding of food systems. Capturing contributions from a whole range of applications in food and representing the latest technical innovations, this will be a contemporary book on the topic. Based on a conference which has established an international reputation as the forum for advances in applications of magnetic resonance to food, the coverage will be dedicated to multiscale definition of food, quantitative NMR (qNMR), foodomics, on-line non-invasive NMR (dedicated to Brian P. Hills), quality and safety and new developments in the area. It is aimed at academics and industrialists who are committed to the utilisation of MR tools to improve our understanding of food.

Calcium's importance in health and disease is clear when listing its multiple roles in the body, which include building strong bones and teeth, vascular calcification, muscle function, hormonal regulation and maintaining a normal heartbeat. This book will examine these roles and will also cover areas such as chemical analysis, sources of calcium based on geography, influence of Vitamin D, hypercalcemia and the effects of dietary calcium. This edited volume will pool knowledge across scientific disciplines in a way that increases its applicability to a wide range of audiences and fills the gap identified in providing comprehensive synopses of food substances. Chemists, analytical scientists, forensic scientists, food scientists, as well as course lecturers and university librarians, will all benefit from this title.

Carnosine and anserine are two common histidine-derived dipeptides, also known as imidazole dipeptides, found in muscle and brain tissues of animals. Their dietary and nutritional significance lies in their antioxidant properties and a number of investigators are looking at other health benefits of the compounds. This volume surveys the current state of play in these and other areas of interest, including chemistry and biochemistry, immunology and cellular homeostasis. Chapters look in depth at some of the functions and effects in the body particularly with regard to exercise and fatigue, wound healing, cancer treatment and age-related diseases. Providing an up to date, interdisciplinary approach, this book is of great interest to researchers and professionals in chemistry, food science, nutrition, biochemistry, health sciences and sports sciences.

The first book to cover this fast developing field, Masked Mycotoxins in Food will provide a full overview of the issues relating to the toxicology of masked mycotoxins present in food products. Mycotoxins are naturally occurring chemicals produced by moulds that can grow on crops and foodstuffs. Masked mycotoxins are modified mycotoxins, due to this modification many cannot be detected using standard analytical techniques, for example HPLC and ELISA, and further research is needed to understand the health risks and threats from these modified compounds.Masked mycotoxin research is an area of toxicological research that has gained significant interest and momentum in recent years. The aim of this book is to provide a full picture of the topic, from the masked mycotoxin formation in plants to their catabolic fate in humans. The book also provides new insights and will highlight possible gaps in the knowledge base of this relatively new area. Edited and written by World renowned experts working within the field, this book is of interest to toxicologists and biochemists, but also food scientists and agricultural researchers working in industry and academia.

Betaine is widely distributed in plants and animals and has a role as an osmolyte and as a cofactor in methylation in liver metabolism. It has been shown to protect internal organs, improve vascular risk factors and enhance performance. The growing body of evidence shows that betaine is an important nutrient for the prevention of chronic disease. This volume surveys the current state of play in these and other areas of interest, including its role in one-carbon metabolism, tissue biochemistry and interactions with folate and other biomolecules. The analysis of betaines using different techniques is covered, as is the function and effects in the body. Written by an expert international team, this book provides a fascinating insight for those with an interest in the effects of betaine on health and the diet. It will appeal across disciplines but specifically to nutritional and food scientists, health professionals and researchers.

Fluorine is best known for its role in the prevention of cavities and in improving oral and bone health however equally there are millions of people around the world suffering from dental fluorosis due to chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride in drinking water. This volume, written by leading researchers in this area, examines the positives and negatives of fluorine and its effects on humans for example fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver, effects of fluoride on insulin and preventing fluoride toxicity. Extremely useful for underpinning cross-disciplinary fluorine research, this book provides a fascinating insight for those with an interest in the health and nutritional sciences.