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The Science of Carbon Sequestration and Capture examines the current scientific underpinnings of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and provides readers with sufficient background on the basics of geology, natural science, and chemical and environmental engineering so that they can understand the current state and art of the CCS field. Moreover, this book provides a wide-ranging discussion presented in the author's comprehensible conversational style describing the impact of CCS on climate, health, society in general, and the energy landscape. The book is directed at undergraduate and graduate students, professionals, scientists, and the general reading public who would like to gain a broad multidisciplinary view of one of the greatest challenges of our generation.Features: Aims to fill the gap of missing information in published texts dealing with the carbon sequestration and capture revolution currently underway Provides an understanding of current science buttressing carbon capture and sequestration practices Explains the complexities of carbon sequestration and capture systems in basic and understandable terms

Algae Based Bioelectrochemical Systems for Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Storage, Bioremediation and Bioproduct Generation explores the integration of carbon capture, storage and sequestration technologies with bioelectrochemical fuels cells (BEFC), showing how conventional technologies can be renovated to aid in the reduction in GHG emissions and simultaneously optimize BEFC performance. The book focuses on the integration of algal biogas upgradation with electrochemical systems, providing a guide to the renovation of conventional technologies to combine energy production and carbon sequestration. Chapters discuss the latest advancements in carbon sequestration biocatalyst and microbial platforms and integrations for rapid carbon biotransformations. In addition, the book highlights the potential of algae and chemolithotrophs as candidates for carbon delivery, biocatalyst orientation and architecture for optimal BEFC performance. Addresses the modification of carbon materials in the strengthening and application of bioelectrochemical fuel cells Highlights the application of bioelectrochemical systems in carbon sequestration and utilization Discusses the frontiers of carbon storage biocatalysts such as algae and chemlithotrophs Includes content supported by analytical tools and detailed schematics and process diagrams that outline the integration of carbon sequestration with bioelectrochemical systems

Climate change is triggered by a too high concentration of greenhouse gases in the air, carbon dioxide in particular, primarily originating from fossil fuel-burning. Since such burning will not stop any time soon, the concentration will undoubtedly rise further, exacerbating climate change. There is no escape from this. That is where carbon capture comes in: direct air capture (DAC) scrubs the surplus carbon dioxide out of the air for actually lowering this concentration. At the same time emission levels must be drastically lowered by fitting point-source emitters with carbon capture installations. This book sets out the case for such carbon capture, which is a must, without which the climate cannot be repaired.

Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints. Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture

Updating content from the author's 2001 book Coal Desulfurization, this new title focuses on CO2 sequestration and utilization. It includes information on the theory and practical approaches to CO2 capture and recent advances in the use of sequestered CO2. Avoiding these pollutants requires either forgetting about the 250 billion tons of coal reserves the United States possesses or capturing and utilizing the pollutants in a profitable and environmentally responsible fashion. The book covers postcombustion and precombustion capture approaches for coal, and postcombustion capture can be generalized to many other fuels. Recent practical implementations at full-scale power facilities around the world are discussed. The book covers sequestering CO2 via underground, oceanic, biological, and other long-term CO2 storage methods. It also includes recent advances in utilizing CO2 for enhanced oil recovery, advances in storage with depleted oil and gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers, and additional topics. The book also examines specific applications of pure CO2 and covers chemical conversion of CO2 to useful compounds. It answers questions like'Can we create methanol from coal?'or'Can we create ethanol from coal?'It is found that methanol and ethanol cannot be sustainably produced from coal power alone. However, oxalic acid can be created at a much lower energy cost than methanol or ethanol. Oxalic acid can be used to extract rare earths, which are not currently produced anywhere in the United States, but are typically concentrated in coal ash.Aimed at researchers and industry professionals in chemical, environmental, and energy engineering, this book provides insight and inspiration into capturing CO2 not merely as a response to regulatory pressure and climate change but as an inherently profitable and valuable venture.

Surface Chemistry of Carbon Capture: Climate Change Aspects provides comprehensive and up-to-date literature on carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and delineates the surface chemistry of this process.Mankind is dependent on energy from gas, oil, coal, atomic energy, and various other sources. In all fossil fuel combustion processes, carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced (ca. 25 Gt/year). In the past few decades, we have observed a constant increase in CO2 content in the air (currently ca. 400 ppm [0.04%]). This book discusses the technology related to carbon (i.e., CO2) capture and sequestration (CCS) from fossil fuel energy plants, which is considered an important means of CO2 control. It also covers the adsorption/absorption processes of CO2 on solids and similar procedures to help address growing climate change concerns.

This book addresses the fundamentals of CO2 storage for long-term sequestration in a subsurface geologic formation. In general, membrane gas separation can find a large room of application in flue gas. To achieve the development of this technology on a larger scale than which is possible in the lab we have to use membrane engineering. Consequently, greater emphasis is placed on novel materials for gas separation. Possible design strategies and role of novel materials are discussed. Additionally, the latest progress in design and preparation of asymmetric membranes for natural gas purification are highlighted. In fact, further development should focus on module and process design in order to bring gas separation membrane technology into commercial application. Therefore, the keys issues to propel current research towards industrial application are examined. Besides, the feasibility of implementing polyimide membrane for CO2 removal under real industrial conditions and its economic viability are highlighted. In order to exhibit excellent film-forming properties, zeolite membrane and cellulose acetate butyrate membrane areaddressed. Interestingly, it was found that the most accurate theoretical three-phase model is arguably revised Pal model with average percentage error of 0.74%.

Addresses materials, technology, and products that could help solve the global environmental crisis once commercialized This multidisciplinary book encompasses state-of-the-art research on the topics of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and complements existing CCS technique publications with the newest research and reviews. It discusses key challenges involved in the CCS materials design, processing, and modeling and provides in-depth coverage of solvent-based carbon capture, sorbent-based carbon capture, membrane-based carbon capture, novel carbon capture methods, computational modeling, carbon capture materials including metal organic frameworks (MOF), electrochemical capture and conversion, membranes and solvents, and geological sequestration. Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion and Sequestration offers chapters on: Carbon Capture in Metal-Organic Frameworks; Metal Organic Frameworks Materials for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture; New Progress of Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks in CO2 Capture and Separation; In Situ Diffraction Studies of Selected Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Materials for Guest Capture Applications; Electrochemical CO2 Capture and Conversion; Electrochemical Valorization of Carbon Dioxide in Molten Salts; Microstructural and Structural Characterization of Materials for CO2 Storage using Multi-Scale X-Ray Scattering Methods; Contribution of Density Functional Theory to Microporous Materials for Carbon Capture; and Computational Modeling Study of MnO2 Octahedral Molecular Sieves for Carbon Dioxide Capture Applications. Addresses one of the most pressing concerns of society—that of environmental damage caused by the greenhouse gases emitted as we use fossil fuels Covers cutting-edge capture technology with a focus on materials and technology rather than regulation and cost Highlights the common and novel CCS materials that are of greatest interest to industrial researchers Provides insight into CCS materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion and Sequestration is ideal for materials scientists and engineers, energy scientists and engineers, inorganic chemists, environmental scientists, pollution control scientists, and carbon chemists.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and'negative emissions'technologies will play an essential role in mitigating the impact of global warming and meeting the temperature targets set by the IPCC and by COP21. Identifying the role and value of CCS relative to other mitigation technologies is of vital importance. This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission, capture and storage, as well as negative emissions technologies, and provides insight into the role and value of CCS in the industrial and power sectors. The issues associated with commercial deployment of CCS are discussed, providing potential approaches to overcome these hurdles through a combination of political, economic and R&D strategies. Carbon Capture and Storage provides the latest global perspective on the role and value of CCS in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. With contributions from internationally recognised leaders, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry, working in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and energy policy.

This title contains 18 invited chapters that provide in-depth information on the principles of carbon capture and storage technology and recent advances and future research and development in the CCS technology field.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the technology, measurement techniques and environmental effects of carbon sequestration. Topics discussed include biomass and its role in climate change; forestry carbon sequestration projects in the agricultural sector; assessing the carbon-stock potentinal by biomass of a Mediterranean agroforestry landscape; biochar as a fertilizer substitute and method to sequester carbon in soils; and the impact of crop plant residues on carbon sequestration in soil.

With the general reader in mind, Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon outlines the global challenge of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. It covers the changing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide through time and its causes, before considering the promise and the limitations of a wide range of energy technologies for decreasing carbon dioxide emissions. Despite the need to decrease carbon dioxide, the fact is that the global use of fossil fuels is increasing and is likely to continue to do so for some decades to come. With this in mind, the book considers in detail, what for many people is the unfamiliar clean energy technology of carbon capture and storage (CCS). How can we capture carbon dioxide from flue gases? How do we transport it? How do we store it in suitable rocks? What are suitable rocks and where do we find them? How do we know the carbon dioxide will remain trapped once it is injected underground? What does CCS cost and how do those costs compare with other technology options? The book also explores the political environment in which the discussion on clean energy technology options is occurring. What will a price on carbon do for technology uptake and what are the prospects of cutting our emissions by 2020 and of making even deeper cuts by 2050? What will the technology mix look like by that time? For people who are concerned about climate change, or who want to learn more about clean energy technologies, including CCS, this is the definitive view of the opportunities and the challenges we face in decreasing emissions despite a seemingly inexorable global increase in energy demand.

Carbon plays an important role in supporting life and all living organisms are based on the carbon atom. Among the common elements of the earth's surface, the carbon atom is one of few that can form long organic chains and rings: this ability is the foundation of organic chemistry. In this book, the role of the plant residues in the carbon sequestration is discussed throughout plant tissue stabilization in soil, giving a new approach and understanding of the plant residue conservation in soil. This book also evaluates the changes of properties in olivine generated by mechanical activation, its adsorption properties for carbon dioxide and mechanical carbonation of olivine by dry and wet mode. Furthermore, forestry based carbon emissions offset projects have potential to both mitigate climate change and foster sustainable forest management. While experts generally agree that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere will result in changes in the earth's climate, there is considerable attention to the possibility of using forests as a means of sequestering and reducing emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This book provides an understanding of the role that Kakamega forest as well as agro forestry in adjacent farms can play in the mitigation of climate change through carbon sequestration.

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is a technology aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels during industrial and energy-related processes. CCS involves the capture, transport and long-term storage of carbon dioxide, usually in geological reservoirs deep underground that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide capture and storage offers important possibilities for making further use of fossil fuels more compatible with climate change mitigation policies. The largest volumes of CO2 could be captured from large point sources such as from power generation, which alone accounts for about 40 per cent of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The development of capture technologies in the power generation sector could be particularly important in view of the projected increase in demand for electricity in fast developing countries with enormous coal reserves (IEA 2002a). Although, this prospect is promising, more research is needed to overcome several hurdles such as important costs of capture technology and the match of large capture sources with adequate geological storage sites. The book will provide a comprehensive, detailed but non-specialist overview of the wide range of technologies involved in carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. Focuses on technology rather than regulation and cost Covers both traditional and cutting edge capture technology Contains an abundance of case-studies an worked out examples Insight into CSS technical processes

Reforestation and avoiding deforestation are methods of harnessing nature to tackle global warming - the greatest challenge facing humankind. In this book, Colin Hunt deals comprehensively with the present and future role of forests in climate change policy and practice. The author provides signposts for the way ahead in climate change policy and offers practical examples of forestry's role in climate change mitigation in both developed and tropical developing countries. Chapters on measuring carbon in plantations, their biodiversity benefits and potential for biofuel production complement the analysis. He also discusses the potential for forestry in climate change policy in the United States and other countries where policies to limit greenhouse gas emissions have been foreshadowed. The author employs scientific and socio-economic analysis and lays bare the complexity of forestry markets. A review of the workings of carbon markets, based both on the Kyoto Protocol and voluntary participation, provides a foundation from which to explore forestry's role. Emphasis is placed on acknowledging how forests'idiosyncrasies affect the design of markets for sequestered carbon. The realization of forestry's potential in developed countries depends on the depth of cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, together with in-country rules on forestry. An increase in funding for carbon retention in tropical forests is an immediate imperative, but complexities dictate that the sources of finance will likely be dedicated funds rather than carbon markets. This timely and comprehensive book will be of great value to any reader interested in climate change. Policy-makers within international agencies and governments, academics and students in the fields of geography, economics, science policy, forestry, development studies as well as carbon market participants and forest developers in the private sector will find it especially useful.

Concerns over global warming have led to the establishment of markets for greenhouse gas emissions, in particular for carbon dioxide (CO2). Tree-based systems are a convenient way of reducing net emissions by sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. Carbon credits do not require transport to markets, and are thus appealing as a commodity for rural smallholders in developing countries. However, as for any other commodity, profitability is related to prices received, costs of production (greenhouse gas abatement), and transaction costs, which remain largely unknown for smallholders in developing countries. This research focused on several agroforestry systems that have been adopted by smallholders in three regions of Indonesia, looking at how smallholders compare with other landholders in terms of efficiency in sequestering carbon, whether smallholders will want to adopt carbon-sequestering activities, and what sorts of policies and projects will underpin smallholder involvement.