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Advances in Printing Science and Technology, Volume 4: Paper in the Printing Processes covers the proceedings of the Eighth International Conference of Printing Research Institutes, held in Aulanko, Finland in 1965. The book focuses on the progress in the principles, methodologies, and techniques employed in printing science and technology. The selection first elaborates on ink penetration during high-speed printing of uncoated paper, penetration of ink into paper, and physical interaction between newsprint and conventional inks in letterpress printing. Discussions focus on the distribution of pigment in the transverse direction of the paper; opacity reduction outline of penetration phenomenon during printing; and total ink transfer and transfer parameters. The text then elaborates on the effect of certain fillers on the printing properties of newsprint; printability studies in gravure printing with a new printability tester; and the choice of parameters for describing newsprint printability. Topics include comparison of various printability parameters, comparative investigation of production and laboratory printing of newsprint, and ink transfer and drying. The manuscript takes a look at color rendering and surface properties of paper, observations of the behavior of ink on coated paper, and the application of the scanning electron microscope to the study of printability. The selection is a valuable source of information for researchers interested in the advances in printing science and technology.

The Paper-making Machine: It's Invention, Evolution and Development covers the history of the paper-making machine and its origin and how it developed. This book is organized into 15 chapters, and starts with the discussion of the origin of the first paper-machine way back from A.D. 105 in China. The subsequent chapter deals with the development of the paper-machine where the British improved the machine and were then widely used by people. This topic is followed by discussions on the progress of paper making in 1830-1835 where an advanced type of Fourdrinier machine was introduced by Matthew Towgood and Leapidge South. Other chapters describe further improvements on the Fourdrinier machines and the paper-makings on the late 1800's. The last chapter considers the standardization of the paper-making machine during 1870-1890. This book will be of value to machine inventors and those who work in printing presses.

Wood Extractives and their Significance to the Pulp and Paper Industries focuses on the promotion of the study of the biochemistry of wood extractives and to elaborate on the effects these materials may pose to the manufacture of pulp and paper. The publication first elaborates on wood, distribution and formation of polyphenols within the tree, and the simple polyphenolic constituents of plants. Discussions focus on the factors affecting the amounts of polyphenols present in living tissues, glycosidic combination, flavonols, anthocyanins, and leucoanthocyanins, formation of carbohydrates in the tree, types of polyphenols in different tissues of uninjured trees, and variation in structure and properties of wood. The text then examines lignans and condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. The manuscript takes a look at the alicyclic acid precursors of polyphenols, biosynthesis of polyphenols, and tropolones. Topics include tropolones occurring in wood, polymeric polyphenols, synthesis of pre-aromatic compounds, shikimic acid, and quinic acid. The book then ponders on the influence of extractives on the pulping of wood and the influence of extractives on the color of ground wood and newsprint. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the processes and methodologies involved in the manufacture of pulp and paper.

Advances in Printing Science and Technology, Volume 5: Inks, Plates and Print Quality provides information pertinent to printing ink as a rheologically complex material. This book presents a theoretical analysis of a roller system carrying a thin film of printing ink. Organized into 19 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the experimental study concerning the properties of the liquid and the geometry of the roller system. This text then describes the use of roller systems to assess the behavior of printing inks, which began with the development of the Inkometer by Reed. Other chapters explore the behavior of printing inks between rotating rollers, which is descriptive of tack. This book discusses as well the factors involved in the rheological description of an ink, including the flow properties, the thixotropy, and the tack for describing the behavior of the ink. The final chapter deals with the thickening of the newsprint at low printing speed. This book is a valuable resource for graphic arts research workers, papermakers, and ink manufacturers.

Photoelasticity presents the development of photoelasticity. This book discusses the principle of optical equivalence of stressed isotropic bodies. Organized into 29 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the progress in three-dimensional photoelasticity. This text then summarizes the approximate theoretical analysis by the strain-energy technique and derives the basic equations for the evaluation of P and Q by graphical integration. Other chapters consider the importance of stress concentrations in the domain of strength of materials, particularly where fatigue is present. This book discusses a well the various instructive fractures and indicates that the strength of bakelite is determined by the maximum tensile stresses as computed by advanced methods of stress analysis. The final chapter deals with the two fundamental problems in three-dimensional photoplasticity and explains the general stress-optic law under plastic flow without unloading. This book is a valuable resource for designers as well as mechanical and civil engineers.

Engineering Design contains papers given during the Summer School of Engineering Design held at the University of Nottingham, 21-24 September 1964. The School consisted of 18 lectures spread over four days. Design covers a vast range of subject matter for which only years of college and industrial training and experience can provide adequate equipment. In the 18 lectures, the lecturers attempted to highlight the important factors within their varied experience. The backcloth to design, covering company organization, planning, programming of design and development, were elaborated in the opening lectures. Another lecture summarized ideas on company design procedures; stressed the importance of always attempting to predict results in terms of numbers; and demonstrated how to develop a freedom of manipulating numbers, even when knowledge of rigorous mathematical processes is limited. Other lectures covered organization and design for mass production; the increasing importance of powder metallurgy as a manufacturing method; properties of materials; important aspects of the use of computers in design; and the design of major engineering projects: diesel engines, aircraft engines, and high-speed packaging machines.

Methods in Astrodynamics and Celestial Mechanics is a collection of technical papers presented at the Astrodynamics Specialist Conference held in Monterey, California, on September 16-17, 1965, under the auspices of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Institute of Navigation. The conference provided a forum for tackling some of the most interesting applications of the methods of celestial mechanics to problems of space engineering. Comprised of 19 chapters, this volume first treats the promising area of motion around equilibrium configurations. Following a discussion on limiting orbits at the equilateral centers of libration, the reader is introduced to the asymptotic expansion technique and its application to trajectories. Asymptotic representations for solutions to the differential equations of satellite theory are considered. The last two sections deal with orbit determination and mission analysis and optimization in astrodynamics. Error equations of inertial navigation as applied to orbital determination and guidance are evaluated, along with parameter hunting procedures and nonlinear optimal control problems with control appearing linearly.This book will be useful to practitioners in the fields of aeronautics, astronautics, and astrophysics.

Progress in Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 5: Heat and Mass Transfer in Rheologically Complex Fluids compiles selected papers presented at the International Seminar held in Herceg Novi, Yugoslavia on September 8-12, 1970. This book discusses the continuum foundation of rheology; transport phenomena in turbulent flow of rheologically complex fluids; and heat-transfer effects in flowing polymers. The thixotropic effects in viscoelastic media; non-equilibrium thermodynamics and rheology of viscoelastic fluids; and flow instability due to convective time changes of consistency are also elaborated. This publication also covers the prediction method for turbulent momentum and heat transfer in viscous non-Newtonian liquids; methods for determining thermal properties of anisotropic systems; and convection in ferromagnetic fluid due to magneto caloric effect. This volume is beneficial to students and researchers interested in the heat and mass transfer in rheologically complex fluids.

Proceedings of the XXth International Astronautical Congress compiles selected papers presented at the 20th International Astronautical Congress held in Mar del Plata, Argentina in 1969. This book is divided into five main topics—spacecraft engineering, astrodynamics, astrionics, bioastronautics, and problems of education. In these topics, this compilation specifically discusses the equatorial vibrations of a long flexible boom on a spin-stabilized satellite of non-zero radius; heat transfer to linear bodies in two-dimensional hypersonic low density; and limits of accuracy of general perturbations for satellites moving under constant forces. The rapid optimization of multiple-burn rocket flights; data transmission for planetary studies; and comparison of theoretical and experimental attitude data for the DODGE spacecraft are also elaborated. This text also covers the Apollo life-support and protective systems; bioastronautical aspects of Apollo biomedical operations; and development and applications of hot water rockets. This publication is recommended for astrophysicists and scientists of other disciplines related to astronomy.

Modern Materials: Advances in Development and Applications, Volume 2 is an eight-chapter text that provides comprehensive insight into the properties, applications, progress, and potentialities of various materials. Chapter 1 deals with polymer modified papers for high wet strength and for special purposes, with laminates, with synthetic fiber papers, and also with plastic-coated papers. Chapters 2 describes the structure, properties, advantages, limitations, and technical uses of flame-sprayed coatings, while Chapter 3 examines the history, development, fabrication, properties, and application of ceramic cutting tools. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of borides, while Chapter 6 focuses on titanium metallurgy. Chapters 7 and 8 present the manufacturing processes, properties, and practical applications of welding and soldering materials. Materials scientists, engineers, researchers, teachers, and students will find this book rewarding.

Plastics in Building Structures covers the proceedings of a conference, held in London on June 14-16, 1965. This conference focuses on the applications of plastics materials in structures. This book emerged from 39 papers presented at the conference. The introductory papers describe the properties of plastics in relation to building structures, and the economic aspects, fire regulations, and flammability of these materials. Considerable papers are devoted to various areas of application of plastics, including adhesives, polymer cements, cored chipboard units, and glued timber. These topics are followed by discussions on the characterization, design, and structural and physical properties of plastics. The final chapters review the commercial development and applications of plastic materials. This book will prove useful to engineers, designer, manufacturers, and researchers in the allied fields.

A Basic Vocabulary of Scientific and Technological German is a collection of common scientific and technological terms used in many fields in science, commerce, and industry. This book provides the most commonly used German terms and words in the applied and pure sciences, such as anatomy and physiology, and in commerce and industry. The author explains German grammar particularly as it is used in modern scientific and research papers. He introduces the concept of separable and inseparable compounds and explains sample uses. Like in English, he also explains how words are compounded and constructed in the German language. German punctuation is also noted. The book discusses irregular verbs that can be grouped into 14 sections. A particular section that can prove useful is a list of abbreviations and their meanings as these are used in German scientific and technical papers. A dictionary, a table of irregular verbs, and other conversion tables are available at the end of this book. This collection can be immensely useful for translators, librarians, researchers in science, students learning German, as well as foreign people conducting business and government affairs in Germany.

Electronic Components, Tubes and Transistors is intended to bridge the gap between the basic measurement theory of resistance, capacitance, and inductance and the practical application of electronic components in equipments. The more practical or usage aspect of electron tubes and semiconductors is given emphasis over theory. The essential characteristics of each main type of component, tube, and transistor are summarized. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a discussion on the essential characteristics in terms of the parameters usually required in choosing a resistor, including size, temperature, linearity, and tolerances. The next chapter focuses on the electrical properties of fixed and variable capacitors such as impregnated-paper capacitors, metallized paper capacitors, and mica-dielectric capacitors. Subsequent chapters deal with magnetic materials and devices; electromagnetic components such as relays and switches; electron tubes and devices; and transistors and semiconductors. This monograph will be a valuable resource for students in choosing the right component and device for a particular application.

All Heal contains a selection of the articles of more general interest that were published in The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine since 1957. The editors have chosen no more than one paper from any individual author. This book features 17 medical and social miscellany articles. The topics covered by these papers include the evolution on teaching-hospital physicians in Great Britain, the relation between crime and the British penal system, the conflict between drug control and therapeutic freedom and the academic and economic freedom of British universities. This book will be of interest to persons dealing with studies on medical and social history of Great Britain since1957.

Pneumatic and Hydraulic Control Systems, Volume 2, documents the proceedings of a symposium on pneumohydraulic automation. The symposium is a continuation of the first symposium of papers on pneumohydraulic automatics which was published in 1959 by the Academy of Sciences, USSR. The present collection forms part of the lectures and reports presented at the second and third All-Union Conference on pneumohydraulic automatics and embraces a wide range of problems associated with the design and application of pneumohydraulic equipment in the automation of industrial units and other objects. This volume contains 23 chapters organized into four parts. Part I contains papers on the general problems of pneumo- and hydro-automatics. Part II presents studies on pneumatic and hydraulic methods and systems of automatic regulation. Part III is devoted to pneumatic computing devices and methods of computation. The papers in Part IV cover pneumo- and hydro-automatics in the German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia.

Digital Calculations of Engine Cycles is a collection of seven papers which were presented before technical meetings of the Society of Automotive Engineers during 1962 and 1963. The papers cover the spectrum of the subject of engine cycle events, ranging from an examination of composition and properties of the working fluid to simulation of the pressure-time events in the combustion chamber. The volume has been organized to present the material in a logical sequence. The first two chapters are concerned with the equilibrium states of the working fluid. These include the concentrations of various species of any significance that may appear at equilibrium in the combustion products, as well as the pressures and temperatures to be expected. This is followed by separate chapters on Mollier diagrams of the combustion products and the Otto cycle. The last two chapters focus on the synthesis of the spark ignition engine cycle from basic information on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and combustion. The results of the synthesis of these cycles are then compared to the actual cycle produced by an engine.

Information Processing in Children is a collection of papers from the Seventh Annual Series of Symposia in the Area of Cognition. This collection discusses developmental data that are important to a complete theory of human information process and describes information-processing technologies used in developmental function studies. One paper reviews the developments in information processing in children that includes descriptions of the sensory system, intermodal connections, short- and long-term memory. Several papers also discuss developments in the basic mechanisms, such as those relating to perceptual phenomena, equivalence systems, and memory strategies. Several papers then deal with psychological considerations in building a model to cognitive development and learning. An example pertains to information processing tendencies in empirical studies and theoretical implications for cognitive learning abilities. One paper then discusses computer simulation, while another reviews papers written by Cellerier, as well as by Klahr and Wallace, which tackle the role of simulation in developmental research. This compendium can prove helpful for child psychologists, counselors, pediatricians, and child educators and teachers.

Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Volume 11: Power Systems for Space Flight covers certain major technical areas of space electric power. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 43 chapters that specifically tackle the selection of power systems; chemical power systems; solar power systems; heat transfer, storage, and rejection. The opening part examines the basic criteria governing the selection of space power systems for specific applications. These systems range from the very limited power requirements of a ballistic space test through the potential goals of life support in lunar exploration to the long-rage goal of electric power systems for vehicle propulsion. The second part presents the dynamics of chemical power systems, in which in which a high-temperature working fluid is employed, and static systems, such as the battery and fuel cell, in which reversible electrochemical processes are involved. The third part discusses the operative systems using photovoltaic cells and explores technological developments leading to advanced thermoelectric and thermionic static conversion systems and the larger conversion systems employing rotating machinery. This part also provides a series of papers on solar concentrators, requisite for obtaining the required high temperatures, as well as thermionic and dynamic solar power systems. The final part on heat transfer, storage, and rejection covers the space power system from energy source to waste-heat rejecting radiators. Several papers in this part describe the characteristics of alkali metal heat transfer and radiator surface conditioning. Finally, a series of papers on meteoroid penetration leads to discussions of specific radiator designs.

Progress in Astronautics and Rocketry, Volume 7: Hypersonic Flow Research compiles papers presented at a conference on hypersonics held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in August 1961. This book discusses the low Reynolds number effects, chemical kinetics effects, inviscid flow calculations, and experimental techniques relating to the problems in acquiring an understanding of hypersonic flow. The structure and composition of hypersonic wakes with attendant complex chemical kinetic effects is only briefly mentioned. This text consists of five parts. Parts A to C comprise of theoretical papers on the problems of calculating flow fields at hypersonic speeds. The experimental techniques that are of immediate practical interest in view of the difficulty of flight testing are discussed in Parts D and E. This publication is beneficial to engineers involved in advanced design problems.

Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology, Volume II is a collection of papers from the Eleventh International Congress of Refrigeration held in Munich in August-September 1963. These papers deal with the various scientific and technical aspects, designs, and technology of refrigeration used in food, as well as advances in air-conditioning, and heat pumps. One paper discusses the refrigeration of meat, fruit, or vegetables, and the reaction rate of proteolysis in low temperatures. The paper points out that meat preservation by freezing is not economical below 60 degrees centigrade citing the reason that cathepsines are still catalytically active in lower temperatures. Other papers discuss the effects of freezing of beef, pork, turkey, chicken, sweet corn, spinach puree. As regards fruit and vegetable storage, the air needs to be purified to inhibit infections, retard fungal or bacterial growth, and dissipate ripening gases or foul odors. Another paper examines the reasons for doing away with floor insulation in refrigeration plants used in storing fresh meat during the summer and winter months. This collection is suitable for engineers in the area of refrigeration, and also for food technologists involved in food research and preservation.

Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology, Volume I is a collection of papers from the Eleventh International Congress of Refrigeration held in Munich in August-September 1963. These papers deal with the various scientific and technical aspects, designs, and technology of refrigeration. One paper explains technological advances in the use of very low temperature fluids, namely liquid hydrogen and liquid helium as rocket fuels, as bubble chambers, in the study of mesons or hyperons, and in experiments involving the reaction of metals in a wide range of temperature. Another paper examines the requirements for improved food refrigeration and the limitations of certain methods when compared to other cold processing forms. Freeze-drying is also used in biology such as in freeze-drying of biological solutions, tissues, or living organisms. One paper explains the purification method for obtaining very pure hydrogen at high pressures to be used in comparative experiments on the thermodynamical properties of ortho- and para-hydrogen, and their mixtures. Another paper investigates the effect of heat exchange between capillary tube and suction line on the performance of small hermetic compressor systems. This collection is suitable for engineers or technologists in the area of refrigeration, as well as for scientists involved in the space industry and materials research.

Fatigue Design Procedures presents the full text of the papers presented at the 4th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue held in Munich, Germany on June 16-18, 1965, and summaries of the discussion held about them. The papers featured in the volume covers different aspects of fatigue design. These include fail-safe design for a jet transport airplane, the weapon systems fatigue certification program of the U.S. Air Force, the role of variable amplitude or constant amplitude tests in design studies, the evaluation of allowable design stress and corresponding fatigue life, and the importance of fatigue design testing. This book will be of interest to persons dealing with studies on fatigue design methods.

This work originated in a Symposium forming part of the programme for Section IV (Geological Sciences including Mineralogy) of the Royal Society of Canada, which met at Queen's University, Kingston, in 1960. Of wide scope, it demonstrates the progress now being made in Canada in the study of its vast area of soils. The papers of this Symposium are unique in that they present for the first time a combined picture of three aspects of soil science–the geological, the pedological (or agricultural), and the engineering (known as Soil Mechanics). The book serves, of course, mainly as an introduction to a large subject, but some more detailed papers give an idea of the depth as well as the wide range of soil studies in Canada today. The contents can be summarized as follows. First come seven papers on Pleistocene geology in Canada, followed by a study of muskeg (which forms half a million square miles of Canada's surface) and one of soil mineralogy. Four papers–one general and three regional–of pedological interest follow. Finally come four papers on soil mechanics: one relating agricultural and engineering soil studies; one discussing geology's influence on the siting and building of airports; a detailed account of the properties of Leda clay; and a general review of the soil problems facing the Canadian civil engineer.

Intracellular Transport is a collection of papers that examines the processes of and the mechanisms underlying intracellular transport. One paper describes that all active transport processes in the amoeba are intracellular and depend on dynamic transformations of membrane into cytoplasm, and of cytoplasm into membrane. Another paper discusses the kinetics of membrane transport, of which the phenomena of counterflow can become a'mobile carrier'system. The paper notes that the specific transport properties of membranes are conferred by the proteins of the surfaces that are grouped as macromolecular complexes, probably similar to those of enzymes. One paper describes the concept of parametric pumping, an oscillation-driven separation process, as a possible model for active transport in biological cells. Another paper compares the fine-scale diffusion effects that happen in a mixture without large-scale concentration gradients and where the effect are on a large scale. The homogenous kinetic law can be used in the large-scale situation; the law already can account for any of the fine-scale diffusion effects. The paper notes that without large-scale concentration gradients, the transport event is from a local region to a nearby reaction site only. Where the effects are on a large scale, the diffusion results in a gross transport of over distances larger than molecular dimensions. This collection can prove useful for mathematicians, cellular biologists, physical chemists, physiologists, electron microscopicists, geneticists, and engineers.

Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Volume 4, is a collection of papers that deals with gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy and the analysis of minute samples, as well as the role of the government in regulating the production, usage, safety, and efficacy of medical devices. One paper reviews the use of mass spectrometry and computer technology in relation to gas-phase analytical methods based on gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer instruments and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer analytical systems. Many health practitioners, government and private health agencies, the legal profession, and insurance companies express concern over the safety, efficacy, and quality of medical devices. One paper notes the automation process occurring in the clinical laboratory—that its success depends on the competence of its professional staff and its rate of substitution of mechanized equipment for manual labor. Other papers discuss the technology employed in monitoring the traumatized patient, and also the use of technology such as sensory substitution for human rehabilitation. The collection can prove valuable to bio-chemists, micro-biologists, developmental biologists, and scientists involved in physical rehabilitation and biomaterials research.

Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Volume 3, is a collection of papers that discusses circulatory system models, linguistics in computer usage, and clinical applications on patient monitoring. One paper describes the use of comparative models of overall circulatory mechanics that include models of the cardiac pump, of the vascular systems, and of the overall systems behavior. Another paper describes a model in processing medical language data that employs an explicit semantic structure, becoming the basis for the computer-based, artificial intelligence of the system. One paper cites studies by Weetal (1970), Anderson and co-workers (1972), and Martin and co-workers (1971) of the possibility of using biopolymers as biomaterials in artificial kidneys and blood oxygenators. Another paper describes a system for regionalization of special laboratory and data services, the integration of laboratory data acquisition and data management, as well as the incorporation of a centralized computer configuration for hospital administrative functions. The collection can prove valuable for biochemists, bio-engineers, chemical engineers, and investigators/technicians whose works involve biomaterials research.

The Eye: Volume 2, The Visual Process is a compendium of papers that describes the physiology of the eye, particularly the visual functions, the photobiology of the visual process, and the visual pathway. One paper describes the light stimuli used in physiological experiments concerning vision in terms of their spectral energy distribution, particularly the amounts of light absorbed by the photosensitive substances contained in the retinal receptors. Another paper explains the mosaic-like arrangement of the receptors and the variations of this mosaic in the different regions of the retina, including the Purkinje phenomenon which can cause errors in visual measurements. One paper examines the directional properties of the rods at long wavelengths and the theory of the Stiles-Crawford effect. Other papers investigate the limits of the visible spectrum, the scotopic luminous efficiency, theories of dark-adaptation, as well as the minimum retinal illumination, the minimum flux of energy, and the minimum amount necessary for vision. One paper notes that whereas one rod can be stimulated by one quantum (a discrete process involving one pigment molecule), it is not sufficient to make a human subject see a light stimulus. The compendium is invaluable for researchers and investigators involved in physiology, psychology, ophthalmology, and in all branches of ocular physiology.

Progress in Aeronautical Sciences, Volume 8 is a collection of papers that covers the widening field of aeronautical sciences. The first article deals with problems in fluid mechanics and practical aerodynamics. This paper includes reducing problems to integral equations; the comparison of calculated results with exact analytic solutions; and with experimental pressure distributions using various configurations. The book follows this discussion with a review of the methods for designing swept-winged aircraft, including the design of a symmetrical-fuselage combination at zero incidence. The text also reviews the propulsion characteristics of a hypothetical aircraft flying at hypersonic speeds, and then focuses on air-breathing engines to power hypersonic aircrafts of which the scramjet is the most promising. The publication renders a comprehensive report on the viscous flow in boundary layers in ducts under rarefied conditions. The book then reviews investigations made on the viscous flow through tubes, both in continuum flow and in free-molecule flow. Another paper develops the fundamental mathematical and physical bases of magnetohydrodynamic flow through ducts in the presence of an applied electromagnetic field. Such review is useful when applied to electromagnetic flowmeters, pumps, or generators. The volume can be helpful for aerodynamic researchers, aviation technologists and designers, and aeronautical engineers.

Progress in Aeronautical Sciences, Volume 5, contains six articles that belong to the field of aerodynamics. This accords well with one of the declared purposes of this series, to serve the general reader with accounts of those parts of the subject remote from his specialized interest, not only because his field of specialization is likely to change during his career but also because we are all students of one science. The first paper gives a comprehensive survey of low-speed wind-tunnels, those early tools of the aerodynamicist which seem likely to retain their importance indefinitely. The second deals with a basic feature of the separation of a laminar boundary layer from a wall in two-dimensional flow: the bubble. The third reports on the more theoretical aspects of the IUTAM Symposium Transsonicum, which afforded a reunion of almost everyone who at one time or another had contributed to our knowledge of flows of mixed type. The fourth paper is concerned with a particular aspect of the theory of transonic flows and gives an exhaustive survey of this work. The fifth paper reports on a symposium devoted to rarefied gas dynamics. The final paper presents corrections to an article on the theory of sonic bangs, published in Volume 1 of this series.

Developments in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Volume 3 presents papers on the proceedings of the Third Southeastern Conference on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics held in Columbia, S. Carolina on March 31-April 1, 1966. The book covers papers in the areas of continuum mechanics, elasticity, plates and shells, applied mechanics, experimental mechanics, wave propagation, dynamics, vibrations, and fluid mechanics. Physical chemists and mechanical engineers will find the book invaluable.

Urodynamics: Hydrodynamics of the Ureter and Renal Pelvis summarizes the present status of urodynamics in progression. The book presents papers on ureteral morphology as a basis for peristaltic activity; the concept of ureteral peristaltic function; and bioengineering aspects of ureteral function. The text also includes papers on factors controlling ureteral peristalsis; the clinical applications in urodynamics; and the theory and techniques of hydrodynamic measurements. Urologists, physiologists, and medical students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

Dynamical Systems is a collection of papers that deals with the generic theory of dynamical systems, in which structural stability becomes associated with a generic property. Some papers describe structural stability in terms of mappings of one manifold into another, as well as their singularities. One paper examines the theory of polyhedral catastrophes, particularly, the analogues of each of the four basic differentiable catastrophes which map the line. Other papers discuss isolating blocks, the exponential rate conditions for dynamical systems, bifurcation, catastrophe, and a nondensity theorem. One paper reviews the results of functional differential equations which show that a qualitative theory will emerge despite the presence of an infinite dimensionality or of a semigroup property. Another paper discusses a class of quasi-periodic solutions for Hamiltonian systems of differential equations. These equations generalize a well-known result of Kolmogorov and Arnold on perturbations of n-dimensional invariant tori for Hamiltonian systems of n degrees of freedom. The researcher can derive mathematical models based on qualitative mathematical argument by using as'axioms'three dynamic qualities found in heart muscle fibers and nerve axons. The collection can prove useful for mathematicians, students and professors of advanced mathematics, topology or calculus.

Combustion and Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Systems is a compilation of papers from the Proceedings of an International Propulsion Symposium held at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield in April 1969. This compilation deals with research done by academic and scientific institutions and of industrial organizations, with some research papers covering atomization, fuels, and high-temperature materials. One paper describes the combustion system of the Concorde engine used in commercial flights, temperature of metal parts, and some design modifications to increase the mechanical life of the combustion system. Another paper discusses the evolution of the RB 162 combustion system that is used in the vertical takeoff and landing aircrafts. The RB 162 has many design features of the earlier single reversal chamber and differs in only one or two points. The book then notes the necessity of a plenum chamber burning to further development of supersonic engines and flight. One paper also proposes an alternative theory to the traditional ignition theory of altitude relighting such as those developed by Lewis and von Elbe. Another paper reposts on some observations made of the atomizing characteristics of air-blast atomizers and proposes simple changes to improve the performance of the atomizer by prefilming and allowing air to both sides of the fuel. This compilation will prove very helpful for aeronautical engineers, aviation designers, physicists, students of engineering, and readers who are interested in the design and development of jet engines and supersonic aircrafts.

Engineering Drawing: From the Beginning, Volume 1 discusses the basic concepts in engineering drawing. The book illustrates the drawings presented in both first angle (English) projection and third angle (American) projection. The opening chapter discusses the equipment utilized in engineering drawing, and then proceeds to discussing the concepts and methods in engineering drawing. The coverage of the text includes geometrical constructions, projection, and dimensioning. The book will be of great interest to anyone who wants to get acquainted with the basics of engineering drawing.

A Course of Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Volume 2 continues the course of pure and applied mathematics for undergraduate science and engineering students. It contains further examples and exercises from examination papers from Oxford University, Cambridge University, and the University of London. The topics covered in this book include differential equations, linear equations, matrices and determinants, vector algebra and coordinate geometry, and differentiation and integration of functions of two or more variables. This book is intended as a reference for students taking science and engineering courses at British and Commonwealth Universities.

Experimental Mechanics presents the proceedings of the First International Congress on Experimental Mechanics, held at the Hotel New Yorker in New York City, on November 1–3, 1961. This book presents the application of the methods of experimental mechanics to technical problems. Organized into 21 chapters, this compilation of papers begins with an overview of the experimental techniques developed for different basic and applied research on strength of materials, performance of hydraulic machinery, and accuracy of mechanisms and machine tools. This text then surveys the developments in the field of mechanical measurements, including rubber gage, bolt gage, digital strain indicators, and waterproofed strain gage. Other chapters consider the experimental study of the transient response of a rocket sled with a vertically malaligned center of gravity. The final chapter deals with the conditions of collapse of stiffened cylindrical shells beyond the proportional limit of the material. Experimental stress analysts will find this book useful.

The Role of Engine Oil Viscosity in Low Temperature Cranking and Starting, Volume 10 presents the methods for measuring the low temperature viscosity of engine oils that would correlate with the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) engine test results. This book discusses the historical background, technical progress, and the role of engine oil viscosity in low temperature cranking and starting of engines. Organized into 18 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the importance of oil viscosity in cold starting. This text then discusses the major effects and other factors that play a part in cold starting, including oil viscosity, oil pumpability, battery condition, fuel volatility, ignition efficiency, engine clearances, and starter motor characteristics. Other chapters consider the progress in motor oil whereby multiple viscosity graded oils are capable of meeting two of more SAE viscosity grades that introduced some technical problems. The final chapter deals with the development of a reciprocating viscometer. Automotive engineers will find this book useful.

Fluid Dynamics Transactions, Volume 1 is a compilation of papers presented at the Fifth Symposium on Fluid Dynamics held in Poland from August 26 to September 2, 1961. The symposium provided a forum for discussing developments in fluid dynamics based on the following topics: mathematical methods, hypersonic flow, rarefied gas dynamics, and magnetohydrodynamics. This volume is comprised of 26 chapters and begins by presenting equations for gas dynamics and highlighting some of applications of the general results. The discussion then turns to Cauchy's problem for the compressible flow of the simple wave type; the use of exact numerical methods for the solution of boundary layer problems; and the effect of surface catalytic efficiency on stagnation point heat transfer. A geometric method of classifying solutions of gas dynamics using certain space and the time-space Lie transformation groups is described. Subsequent chapters explore supersonic flow past blunt bodies; application of the Monte Carlo method to the analysis of rarefied gas flows; and fluid-fluid displacement in a porous medium. This book will be a useful resource for engineers and other scientists interested in fluid dynamics.

Fluid Dynamics Transactions, Volume 2 compiles 46 papers on fluid dynamics, a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flow. The topics discussed in this book include developments in interference theory for aeronautical applications; diffusion from sources in a turbulent boundary layer; unsteady motion of a finite wing span in a compressible medium; and wall pressure covariance and comparison with experiment. The certain classes of non-stationary axially symmetric flows in magneto–gas–dynamics; description of the phenomenon of secondary flows in curved channels by means of convection of rotation lines; and some variational problems of gas dynamics are also deliberated in this text. This publication is a good reference for physicists and students researching on the natural science of fluids in motion.

Flight Test Instrumentation is a collection of papers presented at the Third International Symposium on Flight Test Instrumentation held in 1964 under the auspices of the Department of Flight of the College of Aeronautics in Cranfield, UK. The symposium provided a forum for discussing advances in flight test instrumentation and covered topics ranging from pre-detection recording in the megacycle range to some problems and uses of fuel flow measurements in supersonic aircraft. This volume is comprised of 14 chapters and begins by describing angle of attack and angle of sideslip measurements using fully de-iced non-movable differential pressure-sensing heads and low-range capacitive pressure transducers. The next chapter explores errors in stability derivative measurements that can occur due to shortcomings in instrumentation design, as well as the implications of such errors for the development of a modern supersonic aeroplane. The application of the vector plotting technique to flight flutter testing of the Hawker Siddeley Trident is then considered. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of high-accuracy instrumentation techniques for non-steady flight measurements; strain gauging for transient heating cases; and free-flight model techniques for aerodynamic research at supersonic and hypersonic speeds. This book will be a useful resource for students, practitioners, and officials of aeronautics.

The Hydrocyclone reviews data on the theoretical, design, and performance aspects of the liquid cyclone, hydraulic cyclone, or hydrocyclone. The book aims to be a source of reference to those who are in industries employing the use and application of the hydrocyclone. The text covers the historical development of the cyclone; flow pattern and distribution of velocities within the cyclone body; operational characteristics and areas of application in different phase separations; and the operating and design variables affecting the performance of the hydrocyclone. Categories of cyclone; commercially available cyclone equipment; and the specific industrial applications of the hydrocyclone are also surveyed. The text will be of practical use to industrial engineers, mechanical engineers, plant operators, miners, and researchers.

Advances in Materials is a record of the proceedings of the symposium on Advances in Materials, held in Manchester College of Science and Technology, Manchester, England in April 1964. The papers collected survey the developments in materials science and technology. The limitations imposed by materials on the progress of modern technology and developments to meet the increasingly exacting requirements of industry are examined. The topics discussed include the challenges to materials science in the chemical industry; progress in materials, designs, and fabrication techniques in the power generation industry; the nature of glass; and effects of temperature and environment on the mechanical behavior of metals. Materials scientists and engineers will find the book a god source of information.

Software Engineering, Volume I is a compilation of the proceedings of the Third Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences held in Miami Beach, Florida, on December 18-20, 1969. The papers explore developments in software engineering and cover topics ranging from computer organization to systems programming and programming languages. This volume is comprised of 15 chapters and begins with an overview of the emergence of software engineering as a profession, followed by a discussion on computer systems organization. A virtual processor for real-time job or transaction control is then described, along with the architecture of the B-6500 computer. Subsequent chapters focus on the use and performance of memory hierarchies; the use of extended core storage in a multiprogramming operating system; methods of improving software development; and techniques for automatic program translation. The final chapter considers the extensibility of FORTRAN. This book is intended for scientists, engineers, and educators in the field of computer and information science.

Modern Developments in the Mechanics of Continua presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Rheology, held in Pinebrook, New York, on August 23–27, 1965. This book promotes the national and international interest in mechanics of continua. Comprised of 16 chapters, this compilation of papers starts with an overview of the fundamental aspects of thermodynamics. This text then examines the divergence between the molecular theory of liquids and continuum mechanics. Other chapters explore the theory of the activation volume of liquids and the potential applications in rheology. This book discusses as well the characteristics of shear wave propagation, which are related to the viscoelastic properties of the supporting medium. The final chapter deals with the study of diffusion of benzoic acid at constant temperature into kaolinite slurries of changing concentrations. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, biophysicists, mathematicians, and engineers interested in the mechanics of continua.

Theory of Machines and Computations consists of papers presented at the International Symposium on the Theory of Machines and Computations, held at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel, in August 1971. This book is organized into five main sections—computability theory, formal and stochastic languages, finite automata, fault-detection experiments, and switching theory. In these sections, this compilation specifically discusses the computationally complex and pseudo-random zero-one valued functions and rate of convergence of local iterative schemes. The simple syntactic operators on full semiAFLs, whirl decomposition of stochastic systems, and existence of a periodic analogue of a finite automaton are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the theorems on additive automata, fault location in iterative logic arrays, and tree-threshold-synthesis of ternary functions. This publication is useful to practitioners and specialists interested in the theory of machines and computations.

Progress in International Research on Thermodynamic and Transport Properties covers the proceedings of the 1962 Second Symposium by the same title, held at Purdue University and the Thermophysical Properties Research Center. This symposium brings together theoretical and experimental research works on the thermodynamic and transport properties of gases, liquids, and solids. This text is organized into nine parts encompassing 68 chapters that cover topics from thixotropy to molecular orbital calculations. The first three parts review papers on theoretical, experimental, and computational studies of the various aspects of thermodynamic properties. These parts discuss the principles of phase equilibria, throttling, volume heat capacity, steam, volumetric behavior, enthalpy, and density. The subsequent part highlights the theoretical evaluations of transport properties, such as viscosity, diffusion, and conductivity, as well as the transport processes. These topics are followed by surveys of the theories in intermolecular forces and their applications. Other parts consider the measurement of thermal conductivity, viscosity, and radiation. The final parts examine the properties of ionized gases and non-Newtonian fluids. This book will prove useful to mechanical and chemical engineers.

Advances in Aeronautical Sciences, Volume 2 contains the proceedings of the First International Congress in the Aeronautical Sciences, held in Madrid, Spain in September 1958. The book is comprised of survey papers and original contributions that discuss common problems in aeronautics and in space technology. The text presents interesting articles that deals with topics on the fundamental design problems of aircraft with boundary layer control for maintaining laminar flow; developments in hypersonic flow research; structures and materials for finite lifetime; and propulsion methods in astronautics. Aeronautics engineers and scientists in allied fields will find the book invaluable.

Advances in Aeronautical Sciences, Volume 1 contains the proceedings of the First International Congress in the Aeronautical Sciences, held in Madrid, Spain in September 1958. The book is comprised of survey papers and original contributions that discuss common problems in aeronautics and in space technology. The reader will also find interesting articles that cover topics on the principles of inertial guidance; boundary layer control; VTOL/STOL aircraft; heat resisting material; heat transfer and heat barrier; and jet noises and human factors in aeronautics. Hypersonic speeds; propulsion methods in space and magneto-fluid dynamics are discussed as well. Aeronautics engineers and scientists in allied fields will find the book insightful.

Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology, Volume III is a compilation of papers presented during the 11th International Congress of Refrigeration, held at Munich, Germany in 1963. This volume is divided into three parts discussing various aspects of refrigeration science and technology. Part I deals with refrigerated transport by land and by air. This part is further divided into sections that cover refrigerated vehicles, testing of equipment for refrigerated vehicles, and the transport of foods. The second part is about refrigerated transport by water, with sections covering subjects on marine air-conditioning and fishing boats. Part III tackles education in the area of refrigeration. Research and education in refrigeration locker plants and education in refrigeration are elucidated under this section. Mechanical engineers and those concerned in the production, transport, and manufacturing of perishable goods will find great use of this book.