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This book features high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference of Mechanical and Robotic Engineering “Congress on Control, Robotics, and Mechatronics” (CRM 2024), jointly organized by SR University, Warangal, India, and Soft Computing Research Society, India, during 3–4 February 2024. This book discusses the topics such as combustion and fuels, controls and dynamics, fluid mechanics, I.C. engines and automobile engineering, machine design, mechatronics, rotor dynamics, solid mechanics, thermodynamics and combustion engineering, composite material, aerodynamics, aerial vehicles, missiles and robots, automatic design and manufacturing, artificial intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous robotic vehicles, evolutionary robotics, humanoids, hardware architecture, industrial robotics, intelligent control systems, microsensors and actuators, multi-robots systems, neural decoding algorithms, neural networks for mobile robots, space robotics, control theory and applications, model predictive control, variable structure control, and decentralized control.

This textbook introduces the widely used numerical technique FEM in various engineering disciplines for the analysis of structures, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and other physical phenomena. Appropriate for interested senior undergraduate engineering students and beginner graduate students in a one-semester introductory course, this book provides a clear understanding of the main issues in FEM. Looking at the FEM as a variational approximation method that uses localized piecewise polynomial basis functions for the solution of boundary-value problems (BVP) and initial boundary-value problems (IBVP), the book uses examples to apply this technique to various problems of physical interest, e.g., elasticity, heat conduction, advection-diffusion, etc. One-dimensional (1D) problems are presented first to make it easier to grasp the fundamental concepts associated with the formulation and application of the FEM; then, the methodology is extended to more challenging 2D and 3D problems that involve somewhat greater mathematical complexity. For simplicity, the book deals with problems that are specified in terms of a single set of state variables, such as displacements or temperature. Finally, due to the introductory nature of this text, only linear problems are considered.

This book features high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference of Mechanical and Robotic Engineering “Congress on Control, Robotics, and Mechatronics” (CRM 2024), jointly organized by SR University, Warangal, India, and Soft Computing Research Society, India, during 3–4 February 2024. This book discusses the topics such as combustion and fuels, controls and dynamics, fluid mechanics, I.C. engines and automobile engineering, machine design, mechatronics, rotor dynamics, solid mechanics, thermodynamics and combustion engineering, composite material, aerodynamics, aerial vehicles, missiles and robots, automatic design and manufacturing, artificial intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous robotic vehicles, evolutionary robotics, humanoids, hardware architecture, industrial robotics, intelligent control systems, microsensors and actuators, multi-robots systems, neural decoding algorithms, neural networks for mobile robots, space robotics, control theory and applications, model predictive control, variable structure control, and decentralized control.

The first part of the Machine Tools and Production Systems Compendium presents the wide range of machine tools and a comprehensive overview of different machine types. Based on the categorization of manufacturing processes according to the German standard DIN 8580, the different areas of application of machine tools are delineated and the various machine designs, the mechanical structure as well as the functions of the machine types are explained. Numerous three-dimensional illustrations of the principles, color photos, section drawings and schematic diagrams supplement the explanations and provide visual support. First, the machine types for the different manufacturing processes are described — before the multi-machine systems are explained. This is followed by a detailed presentation of the various equipment components of machine tools. In the last newly introduced chapter, the volume is concluded by a comprehensive and detailed explanation of three design examples of selected machine tools based on assembly drawings.The German Machine Tools and Production Systems Compendium has been completely revised. The previous five-volume series has been condensed into three volumes in the new ninth edition with colored technical illustrations throughout. This first English edition is a translation of the German ninth edition.

This book covers the International Conference on Engineering Research and Applications (ICERA 2023), which was held on December 1–2, 2023 at Thai Nguyen University of Technology in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, and provided an international forum to disseminate information on latest theories and practices in engineering research and applications. The conference focused on original research work in areas including mechanical engineering, materials and mechanics of materials, mechatronics and micro mechatronics, automotive engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, information and communication technology. By disseminating the latest advances in the field, the proceedings of ICERA 2023, Advances in Engineering Research and Application, assists academics and professionals alike to reshape their thinking on sustainable development.

This book covers the International Conference on Engineering Research and Applications (ICERA 2023), which was held on December 1–2, 2023 at Thai Nguyen University of Technology in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, and provided an international forum to disseminate information on latest theories and practices in engineering research and applications. The conference focused on original research work in areas including mechanical engineering, materials and mechanics of materials, mechatronics and micro mechatronics, automotive engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, information and communication technology. By disseminating the latest advances in the field, the proceedings of ICERA 2023, Advances in Engineering Research and Application, assists academics and professionals alike to reshape their thinking on sustainable development.

Jedem Benutzer eines Computers stehen heute viele Anwendungen über Modellbildungsprobleme zur Verfügung. Darunter gibt es auch viele gemeinfreie Anwendungen, die sich teilweise auch im Privat- und Hobbybereich einsetzen lassen. Das Buch erläutert viele Grundlagen der Modellbildung und Simulation und zeigt den Zusammenhang mit der historischen Entwicklung auf.

This book includes selected papers from the Fourth International Conference on Agriculture Digitalization and Organic Production (ADOP 2024), held in Minsk, Belarus during June 05–08, 2024. The topics covered in the book are ground robotic systems in crop production, unmanned aerial vehicles in crop production, aerospace monitoring tools in crop production, robotic animal husbandry, digitalization of technological processes of agricultural production, evaluation of the effectiveness of digital technologies for the production of organic products, rational nature management and ecology in agricultural production, technologies for the production of organic agricultural products, market analysis of organic agricultural products and legal aspects of organic production.

Neue Wege in der technischen Aus- und Weiterbildung Dual bis zur höchsten wissenschaftlichen Promotion - Wanderung (Walz) zum Lernen bei den Besten Plattform der Virtuellen Universität ​​Die Digitalisierung eröffnet der Aus- und Weiterbildung den Weg zur Virtuellen Universität. In diesem Buch wird der Schwerpunkt auf die Ausbildung von Ingenieuren an einer Universität gelegt, welche durch ein duales und anwendungsnahes Modell der Qualifizierung von Ingenieuren geprägt wird und einen neuen Weg zur lebensbegleitenden Weiterbildung zeigt. Es folgt der Philosophie der forschungsorientierten – Universität, die auch Ingenieure in der Praxis begleitet. Das Buch enthält Modelle zum Lernen von den Besten auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Wanderung bzw. Walz für Ingenieure.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Hydro and Renewable Energy (ICHRE 2022). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in the area of renewable energy technologies, grid integration challenges and opportunities, negative emission technologies, role of distributed energy resources in net zero energy carbon systems, role of hydro energy and pumped storage hydro in power sector decarbonization, policies, and regulations in achieving net zero carbon energy systems, among others. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry working in the fields of renewable energy, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, among others.

This book is about understanding technology using the perspective of systems. It addresses the need for an accessible approach to understanding the broad range of technological devices and systems that create the modern world. Understanding technological systems offers an introduction to engineering and technology centered on the underlying structure common to all technological objects. This framework views technological systems as created using components to provide specific capabilities or functions. Components contributing well-defined functions interact with other components to create systems. Major topics include the concepts of technological function and the embedding of functional capabilities in physical components, the hierarchical nature of systems, and the clustering of related systems into technological domains. The book fills the gap between engineering science and engineering design.

Das Standardwerk HÜTTE erscheint in der 35., aktualisierten Auflage in der Reihe Springer Reference Technik. Diese Reihe bietet allen Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren – ob im Studium oder in allen Formen des Berufslebens – zielführendes Fachwissen in aktueller, kompakter und verständlicher Form. Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens sowie ökonomisch-gesellschaftliche Kapitel, die das Ingenieurwissen ergänzen. Band 3 umfasst Elektro- und informationstechnische Grundlagen: Elektrotechnik Messtechnik Regelungs- und Steuerungstechnik Informatik InformationsmanagementBand 1 Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche und allgemeine GrundlagenBand 2 Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus und ergänzende Fächer

​This book presents a critical overview of statistical fiber bundle models, including existing models and potential new ones. The authors focus on both the physical and statistical aspects of a specific load-sharing example: the breakdown for circuits of capacitors and related dielectrics. In addition, they investigate some areas of open research.This book is designed for graduate students and researchers in statistics, materials science, engineering, physics, and related fields, as well as practitioners and technicians in materials science and mechanical engineering.

Patente und Gebrauchsmuster sind unverzichtbare Instrumente in der täglichen Arbeit von Ingenieuren und Naturwissenschaftlern. Sie spielen eine wichtige Rolle beim Schutz technischer Innovationen und veröffentlichen technisches Wissen.Dieses Buch gibt einen Einblick in die spannende Welt der technischen Schutzrechte. Nach einer kurzen Einführung erklärt es dem Leser die Struktur von Patentschriften. Dies befähigt ihn diese zielgerichtet zu lesen und in kurzer Zeit zu bewerten. Weiterführende Themen richten sich an Personen die zusätzliches Wissen im Patentwesen erwerben möchten, um z.B. in einer Fachabteilung oder einem Unternehmen ohne Patentabteilung weiterführende Aufgaben zu übernehmen oder um schutzrechtsbezogene Entscheidungen treffen zu können.

The block diagrams as engineering means for closed loop control, which have been established by classic control theory for decades, are replaced in the above mentioned book by networks, the signals are replaced by data. It corresponds to the „Industry 4.0“ and to the structure of today's automatic control systems. Thereby a classic closed loop is treated not isolated from other elements of nowadays automation like bus communication and process logical control, and is completed in proposed book with new control elements, so called data stream managers (DSM). The proposed book treats the control theory systematically like it is done in classical books considering the new concept of data management. The theory is accompanied in the book with examples, exercises with solutions and MATLAB®-simulations.

Das Standardwerk HÜTTE erscheint in der 35., aktualisierten Auflage in der Reihe Springer Reference Technik. Diese Reihe bietet allen Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren – ob im Studium oder in allen Formen des Berufslebens – zielführendes Fachwissen in aktueller, kompakter und verständlicher Form. Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens sowie ökonomisch-gesellschaftliche Kapitel, die das Ingenieurwissen ergänzen. Band 2 umfasst Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus und ergänzende Fächer: Werkstoffe Technische Mechanik Technische Thermodynamik Entwicklung Konstruktion Produktion Logistik Betriebswirtschaft Management NormungBand 1 Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche und allgemeine GrundlagenBand 3 Elektro- und informationstechnische Grundlagen

Aircraft safety is a function of several parameters including flight stability and control. An air vehicle must be stable if it is to remain in flight. Moreover, it must be controllable as well as trimmable. This book delivers the fundamental concepts of stability and control, as well as their associated areas. It explains airworthiness, dynamic and static stability, longitudinal, lateral, and directional control, flight measurement devices and sensors, and control surfaces which are necessary topics to be considered during the aircraft design process. This book is mainly focused on air vehicles'stability features and control capabilities. The aircraft addressed in this book is a rigid-body point mass object. Describing the complete motion of a rigid-body aircraft, this book covers equations of motion with six degrees of freedom (DOF)

Disciplines can no longer be isolated. Technology has rapidly evolved to the point that driverless vehicles have truly become a reality and are not something out of a futuristic exhibition from the 1950s. However, engineers and researchers working on the development of autonomous vehicles cannot ignore the policy implications and policymakers as well as attorneys cannot ignore the technology. We are at a point where cross-disciplinary collaboration is vital in order to produce a technology that will immensely benefit society. This is the goal of this book: to educate autonomous vehicle developers on legal theory at the most basic level. Both policymakers and lawyers may also find the book helpful in gaining a basic understanding of the technology the developers are working on.

This book covers the International Conference on Engineering Research and Applications (ICERA 2021), which took place at Thai Nguyen University of Technology, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam on December 1–2, 2021, and provided an international forum to disseminate information on latest theories and practices in engineering research and applications. The conference focused on original research work in areas including mechanical engineering, materials and mechanics of materials, mechatronics and micromechatronics, automotive engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, information and communication technology. By disseminating the latest advances in the field, the Proceedings of ICERA 2021, Advances in Engineering Research and Application, helps academics and professionals alike to reshape their thinking on sustainable development.

Powertrain electrification, fuel decarburization, and energy diversification are techniques that are spreading all over the world, leading to cleaner and more efficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are considered a promising technology today to address growing air pollution and energy deprivation. To realize these gains and still maintain good performance, it is critical for HEVs to have sophisticated energy management systems. Supervised by such a system, HEVs could operate in different modes, such as full electric mode and power split mode. Hence, researching and constructing advanced energy management strategies (EMSs) is important for HEVs performance. There are a few books about rule- and optimization-based approaches for formulating energy management systems. Most of them concern traditional techniques and their efforts focus on searching for optimal control policies offline. There is still much room to introduce learning-enabled energy management systems foundedin artificial intelligence and their real-time evaluation and application. In this book, a series hybrid electric vehicle was considered as the powertrain model, to describe and analyze a reinforcement learning (RL)-enabled intelligent energy management system. The proposed system can not only integrate predictive road information but also achieve online learning and updating. Detailed powertrain modeling, predictive algorithms, and online updating technology are involved, and evaluation and verification of the presented energy management system is conducted and executed.

The International Conference on Engineering Research and Applications (ICERA 2022), held on December 1-2, 2022, at Thai Nguyen University of Technology in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, provided an international forum to disseminate information on latest theories and practices in engineering research and applications. The conference focused on original research work in areas including mechanical engineering, materials and mechanics of materials, mechatronics and micro mechatronics, automotive engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, information and communication technology. By disseminating the latest advances in the field, the Proceedings of ICERA 2022, Advances in Engineering Research and Application, assists academics and professionals alike to reshape their thinking on sustainable development.

Vergleicht man das Leben, das Denken und die Schriften der alten Römer oder Griechen mit dem heutigen Leben, wird man keine wesentlichen Unterschiede in der Klarheit der Gedanken oder der Eloquenz der Erzählweise feststellen können. Vergleicht man jedoch die Technologien der alten Römer mit den heute bekannten Technologien, erkennt man, dass auf dem technischen Gebiet gewaltige Fortschritte geschaffen wurden. Entscheidende technische Fortschritte sind immer mit berühmten Erfindern und Wissenschaftlern verbunden. Diese prägen ihre Zeit und das Leben der nachfolgenden Generationen. Auf wichtigen technischen Durchbrüchen werden oft industrielle Imperien errichtet.Dieses Buch zeigt die technischen Aufgaben, denen sich die Erfinder gegenüber sahen, ihre Erfindungen und was aus diesen Erfindungen entstand. Das Buch soll Faszination für Technik vermitteln und zur wirtschaftlichen Realisierung eigener Erfindungen ermuntern, die zumeist durch das Anmelden der Erfindung zum Patent beginnt.

This book is aimed to provide comprehensive and systematic knowledge of kinematic synthesis as developed up to date. Modern mechanical systems require advance kinematics knowledge to support mechanism design with sound theories and methods. The book includes not only the classical foundations of kinematic synthesis, but also the latest advances developed by the authors. Moreover, many examples are included to illustrate both methods and their supporting theory.The focus is on systems of rigid bodies forming closed loops. The four-bar linkage, representing the foundations of mechanical systems, is given due attention, in its three domains: planar, spherical, and spatial. The book contains six chapters, the first two covering fundamentals for kinematic synthesis, including qualitative synthesis. Chapters 3–5 describe, in full detail, the function, motion, and path syntheses of single-dof linkages. In the last chapter, the synthesis of single-dof complex linkages, including six-bar and ten-bar linkages, is introduced.The book is suitable for graduate students of mechanical engineering, researchers of mechanism and robot design, and machine design engineers.

The next generation of autonomous vehicles will provide major improvements in traffic flow, fuel efficiency, and vehicle safety. Several challenges currently prevent the deployment of autonomous vehicles, one aspect of which is robust and adaptable vehicle control. Designing a controller for autonomous vehicles capable of providing adequate performance in all driving scenarios is challenging due to the highly complex environment and inability to test the system in the wide variety of scenarios which it may encounter after deployment. However, deep learning methods have shown great promise in not only providing excellent performance for complex and non-linear control problems, but also in generalizing previously learned rules to new scenarios. For these reasons, the use of deep neural networks for vehicle control has gained significant interest. In this book, we introduce relevant deep learning techniques, discuss recent algorithms applied to autonomous vehicle control, identify strengths and limitations of available methods, discuss research challenges in the field, and provide insights into the future trends in this rapidly evolving field.

Automobiles have played an important role in the shaping of the human civilization for over a century and continue to play a crucial role today. The design, construction, and performance of automobiles have evolved over the years. For many years, there has been a strong shift toward electrification of automobiles. It started with the by-wire systems where more efficient electro-mechanical subsystems started replacing purely mechanical devices, e.g., anti-lock brakes, drive-by-wire, and cruise control. Over the last decade, driven by a strong push for fuel efficiency, pollution reduction, and environmental stewardship, electric and hybrid electric vehicles have become quite popular. In fact, almost all the automobile manufacturers have adopted strategies and launched vehicle models that are electric and/or hybrid. With this shift in technology, employers have growing needs for new talent in areas such as energy storage and battery technology, power electronics, electric motor drives, embedded control systems, and integration of multi-disciplinary systems. To support these needs, universities are adjusting their programs to train students in these new areas of expertise. For electric and hybrid technology to deliver superior performance and efficiency, all sub-systems have to work seamlessly and in unison every time and all the time. To ensure this level of precision and reliability, modeling and simulation play crucial roles during the design and development cycle of electric and hybrid vehicles. Simscape, a Matlab/Simulink toolbox for modeling physical systems, is an ideally suited platform for developing and deploying models for systems and sub-systems that are critical for hybrid and electric vehicles. This text will focus on guiding the reader in the development of models for all critical areas of hybrid and electric vehicles. There are numerous texts on electric and hybrid vehicles in the market right now. A majority of these texts focus on the relevant technology and the physics and engineering of their operation. In contrast, this text focuses on the application of some of the theories in developing models of physical systems that are at the core of hybrid and electric vehicles. Simscape is the tool of choice for the development of these models. Relevant background and appropriate theory are referenced and summarized in the context of model development with significantly more emphasis on the model development procedure and obtaining usable and accurate results.

A road traffic participant is a person who directly participates in road traffic, such as vehicle drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or cyclists, however, traffic accidents cause numerous property losses, bodily injuries, and even deaths to them. To bring down the rate of traffic fatalities, the development of the intelligent vehicle is a much-valued technology nowadays. It is of great significance to the decision making and planning of a vehicle if the pedestrians'intentions and future trajectories, as well as those of surrounding vehicles, could be predicted, all in an effort to increase driving safety. Based on the image sequence collected by onboard monocular cameras, we use the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based network with an enhanced attention mechanism to realize the intention and trajectory prediction of pedestrians and surrounding vehicles. However, although the fully automatic driving era still seems far away, human drivers are still a crucial part of the road‒driver‒vehicle system under current circumstances, even dealing with low levels of automatic driving vehicles. Considering that more than 90 percent of fatal traffic accidents were caused by human errors, thus it is meaningful to recognize the secondary task while driving, as well as the driving style recognition, to develop a more personalized advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) or intelligent vehicle. We use the graph convolutional networks for spatial feature reasoning and the LSTM networks with the attention mechanism for temporal motion feature learning within the image sequence to realize the driving secondary-task recognition. Moreover, aggressive drivers are more likely to be involved in traffic accidents, and the driving risk level of drivers could be affected by many potential factors, such as demographics and personality traits. Thus, we will focus on the driving style classification for the longitudinal car-following scenario. Also, based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving database, the relationships among drivers'demographic characteristics, sensation seeking, risk perception, and risky driving behaviors are fully discussed. Results and conclusions from this short book are expected to offer potential guidance and benefits for promoting the development of intelligent vehicle technology and driving safety.

Ever stringent vehicle safety legislation and consumer expectations inspire the improvement of vehicle dynamic performance, which result in a rising number of control strategies for vehicle dynamics that rely on driving conditions. Road profiles, as the primary excitation source of vehicle systems, play a critical role in vehicle dynamics and also in public transportation. Knowledge of precise road conditions can thus be of great assistance for vehicle companies and government departments to develop proper dynamic control algorithms, and to fix roads in a timely manner and at the minimum cost, respectively. As a result, developing easy-to-use and accurate road estimation methods are of great importance in terms of reducing the cost related to vehicles and road maintenance as well as improving passenger comfort and handling capacity. A few books have already been published on road profile modeling and the influence of road unevenness on vehicle response. However, there is still room to discuss road assessment methods based on vehicle response and how road conditions can be used to improve vehicle dynamics. In this book, we use several generalized vehicle models to demonstrate the concepts, methods, and applications of vehicle response-based road estimation algorithms. In addition, necessary tools, algorithms, and methods are illustrated, and the benefits of the road estimation algorithms are evaluated. Furthermore, several case studies of controllable suspension systems to improve vehicle vertical dynamics are presented.

Powertrain electrification, fuel decarburization, and energy diversification are techniques that are spreading all over the world, leading to cleaner and more efficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are considered a promising technology today to address growing air pollution and energy deprivation. To realize these gains and still maintain good performance, it is critical for HEVs to have sophisticated energy management systems. Supervised by such a system, HEVs could operate in different modes, such as full electric mode and power split mode. Hence, researching and constructing advanced energy management strategies (EMSs) is important for HEVs performance. There are a few books about rule- and optimization-based approaches for formulating energy management systems. Most of them concern traditional techniques and their efforts focus on searching for optimal control policies offline. There is still much room to introduce learning-enabled energy management systems founded in artificial intelligence and their real-time evaluation and application. In this book, a series hybrid electric vehicle was considered as the powertrain model, to describe and analyze a reinforcement learning (RL)-enabled intelligent energy management system. The proposed system can not only integrate predictive road information but also achieve online learning and updating. Detailed powertrain modeling, predictive algorithms, and online updating technology are involved, and evaluation and verification of the presented energy management system is conducted and executed.

As public attention on energy conservation and emission reduction has increased in recent years, engine idling has become a growing concern due to its low efficiency and high emissions. Service vehicles equipped with auxiliary systems, such as refrigeration, air conditioning, PCs, and electronics, usually have to idle to power them. The number of service vehicles (e.g. public-school-tour buses, delivery-refrigerator trucks, police cars, ambulances, armed vehicles, firefighter vehicles) is increasing significantly with tremendous social development. Therefore, introducing new anti-idling solutions is inevitably vital for controlling energy unsustainability and poor air quality. There are a few books about the idling disadvantages and anti-idling solutions. Most of them are more concerned with different anti-idling technologies and their effects on the society rather than elaborating an anti-idling system design considering different applications and limitations. There is still much room to improve existing anti-idling technologies and products. In this book, we took a service vehicle, refrigerator truck, as an example to demonstrate the whole process of designing, optimizing, controlling, and developing a smart charging system for the anti-idling purpose. The proposed system cannot only electrify the auxiliary systems to achieve anti-idling, but also utilize the concepts of regenerative braking and optimal charging strategy to arrive at an optimum solution. Necessary tools, algorithms, and methods are illustrated and the benefits of the optimal anti-idling solution are evaluated.

X-by-wire Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) have been attracting increased attention for various civilian or military applications. The x-by-wire techniques (drive-by-wire, steer-by-wire, and brake-by-wire techniques) provide the possibility of achieving novel vehicle design and advanced dynamics control, which can significantly improve the overall performance, maneuverability, and mobility of the UGVs. However, there are few full x-by-wire UGVs prototype models reported in the world. Therefore, there is no book that can fully describe the design, configuration, and dynamics control approach of full x-by-wire UGVs, which makes it difficult for readers to study this hot and interesting topic. In this book, we use a full x-by-wire UGV, developed by our group, as the example. This UGV is completely x-by-wire with four in-wheel motors driven and a four-wheel independent steer steer. In this book, the overall design of the UGV, the design of the key subsystems (battery pack system, in-wheel motor-driven system, independent steer system, remote and autonomous control system), and the dynamics control approach will be introduced in detail, and the experiment's results will be provided to validate the proposed dynamics control approach.

The number of heavy-duty construction vehicles is increasing significantly with growing urban development causing poor air quality and higher emissions. The electrification of construction vehicles is a way to mitigate the resulting air pollution and emissions. In this book, we consider tracked bulldozers, as an example, to demonstrate the approach and evaluate the benefits of the electrification of construction vehicles. The book is intended for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and anyone with an interest in the electrification of heavy vehicles. The book begins with an introduction to electrification of heavy-duty construction vehicles. The second chapter is focused on the terramechanics and interactions between track and blades with soil. The third chapter presents the architecture and modeling of a series hybrid bulldozer. Finally, the fourth chapter discusses energy management systems for electrified heavy construction vehicles.

To resolve the urban transportation challenges like congestion, parking, fuel consumption, and pollution, narrow urban vehicles which are small in footprint and light in their gross weight are proposed. Apart from the narrow cabin design, these vehicles are featured by their active tilting system, which automatically tilts the cabin like a motorcycle during the cornering for comfort and safety improvements. Such vehicles have been manufactured and utilized in city commuter programs. However, there is no book that systematically discusses the mechanism, dynamics, and control of narrow tilting vehicles (NTVs). In this book, motivations for building NTVs and various tilting mechanisms designs are reviewed, followed by the study of their dynamics. Finally, control algorithms designed to fully utilize the potential of tilting mechanisms in narrow vehicles are discussed. Special attention is paid to an efficient use of the control energy for rollover mitigation, which greatly enhance the stability of NTVs with optimized operational costs.

A road traffic participant is a person who directly participates in road traffic, such as vehicle drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or cyclists, however, traffic accidents cause numerous property losses, bodily injuries, and even deaths to them. To bring down the rate of traffic fatalities, the development of the intelligent vehicle is a much-valued technology nowadays. It is of great significance to the decision making and planning of a vehicle if the pedestrians'intentions and future trajectories, as well as those of surrounding vehicles, could be predicted, all in an effort to increase driving safety. Based on the image sequence collected by onboard monocular cameras, we use the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based network with an enhanced attention mechanism to realize the intention and trajectory prediction of pedestrians and surrounding vehicles. However, although the fully automatic driving era still seems far away, human drivers are still a crucial part of the road‒driver‒vehicle system under current circumstances, even dealing with low levels of automatic driving vehicles. Considering that more than 90 percent of fatal traffic accidents were caused by human errors, thus it is meaningful to recognize the secondary task while driving, as well as the driving style recognition, to develop a more personalized advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) or intelligent vehicle. We use the graph convolutional networks for spatial feature reasoning and the LSTM networks with the attention mechanism for temporal motion feature learning within the image sequence to realize the driving secondary-task recognition. Moreover, aggressive drivers are more likely to be involved in traffic accidents, and the driving risk level of drivers could be affected by many potential factors, such as demographics and personality traits. Thus, we will focus on the driving style classification for the longitudinal car-following scenario. Also, based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) andStrategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving database, the relationships among drivers'demographic characteristics, sensation seeking, risk perception, and risky driving behaviors are fully discussed. Results and conclusions from this short book are expected to offer potential guidance and benefits for promoting the development of intelligent vehicle technology and driving safety.

Das Standardwerk HÜTTE erscheint in der 35., aktualisierten Auflage in der Reihe Springer Reference Technik. Diese Reihe bietet allen Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren – ob im Studium oder in allen Formen des Berufslebens – zielführendes Fachwissen in aktueller, kompakter und verständlicher Form. Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens sowie ökonomisch-gesellschaftliche Kapitel, die das Ingenieurwissen ergänzen. Band 1 umfasst Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche und allgemeine Grundlagen: Mathematik Physik Chemie Recht Patente Technik- und RisikokommunikationBand 2 Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus und ergänzendeFächerBand 3 Elektro- und informationstechnische Grundlagen

This volume considers various methods of energy storage that make use of electrochemical reactions, electric and magnetic fields, and chemical reactions. This book begins with a consideration of the use of batteries as a means of storing electrical energy. Various common battery chemistries are presented along with a summary of common battery sizes. The electrochemistry of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell is discussed in detail. Sodium-based batteries are discussed, as are vanadium flow batteries. The applications of batteries for energy storage are overviewed, concentrating on transportation technologies and grid-scale storage. Methods for storing energy in the form of electric fields include the use of supercapacitors and superconducting coils. The design of capacitors, including supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors is presented. The applications of supercapacitors for high-power, short-term energy storage are discussed. The use of superconducting magnets to store large amounts of electrical energy without resistive loss is presented. The application of superconducting electrical storage for grid stability is considered. Final chemical energy storage techniques are considered. The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is discussed in detail. The concept of a future hydrogen economy has been popular in recent years. This volume considers the efficiency of such an approach. Other chemical energy carriers, such as methane, methanol, and ammonia, are discussed.

Hitting the Wall examines the combination of two intractable energy problems of our age: the peaking of global oil production and the overloading of the atmosphere with greenhouse gases. Both emerge from the overconsumption of fossil fuels and solving one problem helps solve the other. The misinformation campaign about climate change is discussed as is the role that noncarbon energy solutions can play. There are nine major components in the proposed noncarbon strategy including energy efficiency and renewable energy. Economics and realistic restraints are considered and the total carbon reduction by 2030 is evaluated, and the results show that this strategy will reduce the carbon emission in the United States to be on track to an 80% reduction in 2050. The prospects for “clean” coal and “acceptable” nuclear are considered, and there is some hope that they would be used in an interim role. Although there are significant technical challenges to assembling these new energy systems, the primary difficulty lies in the political arena. A multigenerational strategy is needed to guide our actions over the next century. Garnering long-term multiadministration coherent policies to put the elements of any proposed strategy in place, is a relatively rare occurrence in the United States. More common is the reversal of one policy by the next administration with counterproductive results. A framework for politically stable action is developed using the framework of “energy tribes” where all the disparate voices in the energy debate are included and considered in a “messy process.” This book provides hope that our descendants in the next century will live in a world that would be familiar to us. This can only be achieved if the United States plays an active leadership role in maintaining climatic balance. Table of Contents: Introduction / The End of Cheap Oil / Carbon - Too Much of a Good Thing / Carbonless Energy Options / Conventional Energy / Policy for Whom? / Call to Arms / References

Nonimaging optics is a subdiscipline of optics whose development over the last 35–40 years was led by scientists from the University of Chicago and other cooperating individuals and institutions. The approach provides a formalism that allows the design of optical devices that approach the maximum physically attainable geometric concentration for a given set of optical tolerances. This means that it has the potential to revolutionize the design of solar concentrators. In this monograph, the basic practical applications of the techniques of nonimaging optics to solar energy collection and concentration are developed and explained. The formalism for designing a wide variety of concentrator types, such as the compound parabolic concentrator and its many embodiments and variations, is presented. Both advantages and limitations of the approach are reviewed. Practical and economic aspects of concentrator design for both thermal and photovoltaic applications are discussed as well. The whole range of concentrator applications from simple low-concentration nontracking designs to ultrahigh-concentration multistage configurations is covered. Table of Contents: Introduction / CPCs / Practical Design of CPC Thermal Collectors / Practical Design of CPC PV Concentrators / Two-Stage Nonimaging Concentrators for Solar Thermal Applications / Two-Stage Nonimaging Concentrators for Solar PV Applications / Selected Demonstrations of Nonimaging Concentrator Performance / The Importance of Economic Factors in Effective Solar Concentrator Design / Ultrahigh Concentration / Bibliography

This book presents selected, peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Mechanical Engineering, Automation and Sustainable Development 2021 (AMAS2021), held in the city of Ha Long, Vietnam, from November 4 to 7, 2021. AMAS2021 is a special meeting of the International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS), with a strong focus on automation and fostering an overall approach to assist policy makers, industries, and researchers at various levels to position local technological development toward sustainable development. The contributions published in this book stem from a wide spectrum of research, ranging from micro- and nanomaterial design and processing, to special applications in mechanical technology, environmental protection, green development, and climate change mitigation. A large group of contributions selected for these proceedings also focus on modeling and manufacturing of ecomaterials.

The book explores the fundamental issues of robot mechanics for both the analysis and design of manipulations, manipulators and grippers, taking into account a central role of mechanics and mechanical structures in the development and use of robotic systems with mechatronic design. It examines manipulations that can be performed by robotic manipulators. The contents of the book are kept at a fairly practical level with the aim to teach how to model, simulate, and operate robotic mechanical systems. The chapters have been written and organized in a way that they can be red even separately, so that they can be used separately for different courses and purposes. The introduction illustrates motivations and historical developments of robotic mechanical systems. Chapter 2 describes the analysis and design of manipulations by automatic machinery and robots; chapter 3 deals with the mechanics of serial-chain manipulators with the aim to propose algorithms for analysis, simulation, and designpurposes; chapter 4 introduces the mechanics of parallel manipulators; chapter 5 addresses the attention to mechanical grippers and related mechanics of grasping.

This book aims at investigating PDE modeling and vibration control of some typical mechanical distributed parameter systems. Several control methods are proposed to realize stabilization of the closed-loop system with the help of mathematical tools and stability analysis methods. Besides, some common engineering problems, such as input and output constraints, are also involved in the control design. This book offers a comprehensive introduction of mechanical distributed parameter systems, including PDE modeling, controller design and stability analysis. The related fundamental mathematical tools and analytical approaches involving in the PDE modeling and controller are also provided, which broadens its reach to readers.

Der Schwerpunkt des ersten Teils dieses dritten Bandes liegt auf der Auslegung mechatronischer Komponenten, insbesondere auf den zur Erzeugung hochdynamischer Antriebsbewegungen verwendeten Vorschubantrieben von Werkzeugmaschinen. Vorgestellt werden Konstruktionshilfen bei der Auswahl und Auslegung wichtiger Maschinenkomponenten, die Regelungstechnik von Vorschubantrieben sowie die zur Positionserfassung benötigten Messsysteme. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt widmet sich Prozess- und Diagnoseeinrichtungen von Fertigungsmaschinen und -anlagen. Der zweite Teil beschreibt Steuerungskonzepte einschließlich ihrer Programmiertechniken für verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche moderner Produktionssysteme. Bestandteil dieser Betrachtungen sind speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen (SPS), Numerische Steuerungen (NC) und Robotersteuerungen (RC). Im Kontext automatisierter Fertigungssysteme werden darüber hinaus die verschiedenen Ebenen der Automatisierungspyramide und die Bedeutung von Leitsystemen (MES) beschrieben. Abschließend geht der Band auf das Engineering von Maschinen und Anlagen ein. Das Kompendium „Werkzeugmaschinen Fertigungssysteme'wurde vollständig überarbeitet. Die bisher fünfbändige Reihe wird in der neuen 9. Auflage zu drei Bänden mit durchgängigen Farbabbildungen zusammengefasst.

In diesem Buch wird eine systematische praxisbezogene Grundlage für viele unterschiedliche Prüfaufgaben vermittelt. Der Leser ist in kurzer Zeit in der Lage, Probleme der Messtechnik zu erkennen und für eine optimale Lösung richtig zu analysieren. Durch zahlreiche aktuelle Praxisbeispiele werden auch Veränderungen des Messergebnisses durch Fremdfelder betrachtet. Die Gesamtmessunsicherheit wird mit Hilfe von Modellgleichungen analysiert und dokumentiert. Das Buch eignet sich sehr gut als Nachschlagewerk für Techniker und Ingenieure sowie als studienbegleitende Literatur.

This book contains high-quality papers presented in the conference Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure (ICRAM 2020) held at IITRAM, Ahmedabad, India, from 21-23 August 2020. The topics covered in this book are recent advances in thermal infrastructure, manufacturing infrastructure and infrastructure planning and design.

Complex illumination and meteorological conditions can significantly limit the robustness of robotic vision systems. This book focuses on image pre-processing for robot vision in complex illumination and dynamic weather conditions. It systematically covers cutting-edge models and algorithms, approaching them from a novel viewpoint based on studying the atmospheric physics and imaging mechanism. It provides valuable insights and practical methods such as illumination calculations, scattering modeling, shadow/highlight detection and removal, intrinsic image derivation, and rain/snow/fog removal technologies that will enable robots to be effective in diverse lighting and weather conditions, i.e., ensure their all-weather operating capacity. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students and engineers in the fields of robot engineering and computer science.

This book discusses the basic theoretical model and implementation method of intelligent machining technology and promotes the application of intelligent machining technology in the manufacturing of complex aviation components, such as aero-engine blisk, casing parts and blades. It not only presents the fundamental theory of intelligent machining, but also provides detailed examples of applications in the aviation industry.The topics covered include intelligent programming, intelligent processing models, process monitoring, machining process control, intelligent fixtures and applications in aviation components machining.This book is intended for researchers, engineers and postgraduate students in fields of manufacturing, mechatronics, mechanical engineering and related areas.

In recent years, the control of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) has attracted strong attention for various automotive applications. One of the important features demanded of CAVs is collision avoidance, whether it is a stationary or a moving obstacle. Due to complex traffic conditions and various vehicle dynamics, the collision avoidance system should ensure that the vehicle can avoid collision with other vehicles or obstacles in longitudinal and lateral directions simultaneously. The longitudinal collision avoidance controller can avoid or mitigate vehicle collision accidents effectively via Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Brake Assist System (BAS), and Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), which has been commercially applied in many new vehicles launched by automobile enterprises. But in lateral motion direction, it is necessary to determine a flexible collision avoidance path in real time in case of detecting any obstacle. Then, a path-tracking algorithm is designedto assure that the vehicle will follow the predetermined path precisely, while guaranteeing certain comfort and vehicle stability over a wide range of velocities. In recent years, the rapid development of sensor, control, and communication technology has brought both possibilities and challenges to the improvement of vehicle collision avoidance capability, so collision avoidance system still needs to be further studied based on the emerging technologies. In this book, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current collision avoidance strategies for traditional vehicles and CAVs. First, the book introduces some emergency path planning methods that can be applied in global route design and local path generation situations which are the most common scenarios in driving. A comparison is made in the path-planning problem in both timing and performance between the conventional algorithms and emergency methods. In addition, this book introduces and designs an up-to-date path-planning method based on artificial potential field methods for collision avoidance, and verifies the effectiveness of this method in complex road environment. Next, in order to accurately track the predetermined path for collision avoidance, traditional control methods, humanlike control strategies, and intelligent approaches are discussed to solve the path-tracking problem and ensure the vehicle successfully avoids the collisions. In addition, this book designs and applies robust control to solve the path-tracking problem and verify its tracking effect in different scenarios. Finally, this book introduces the basic principles and test methods of AEB system for collision avoidance of a single vehicle. Meanwhile, by taking advantage of data sharing between vehicles based on V2X (vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-infrastructure) communication, pile-up accidents in longitudinal direction are effectively avoided through cooperative motion control of multiple vehicles.

The intelligent vehicle will play a crucial and essential role in the development of the future intelligent transportation system, which is developing toward the connected driving environment, ultimate driving safety, and comforts, as well as green efficiency. While the decision making, planning, and control are extremely vital components of the intelligent vehicle, these modules act as a bridge, connecting the subsystem of the environmental perception and the bottom-level control execution of the vehicle as well. This short book covers various strategies of designing the decision making, trajectory planning, and tracking control, as well as share driving, of the human-automation to adapt to different levels of the automated driving system. More specifically, we introduce an end-to-end decision-making module based on the deep Q-learning, and improved path-planning methods based on artificial potentials and elastic bands which are designed for obstacle avoidance. Then, the optimal method based on the convex optimization and the natural cubic spline is presented. As for the speed planning, planning methods based on the multi-object optimization and high-order polynomials, and a method with convex optimization and natural cubic splines, are proposed for the non-vehicle-following scenario (e.g., free driving, lane change, obstacle avoidance), while the planning method based on vehicle-following kinematics and the model predictive control (MPC) is adopted for the car-following scenario. We introduce two robust tracking methods for the trajectory following. The first one, based on nonlinear vehicle longitudinal or path-preview dynamic systems, utilizes the adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) law which can compensate for uncertainties to follow the speed or path profiles. The second one is based on the five-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle dynamical system that utilizes the linearized time-varying MPC to track the speed and path profile simultaneously. Toward human-automation cooperative driving systems, we introduce two control strategies to address the control authority and conflict management problems between the human driver and the automated driving systems. Driving safety field and game theory are utilized to propose a game-based strategy, which is used to deal with path conflicts during obstacle avoidance. Driver's driving intention, situation assessment, and performance index are employed for the development of the fuzzy-based strategy. Multiple case studies and demos are included in each chapter to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We sincerely hope the contents of this short book provide certain theoretical guidance and technical supports for the development of intelligent vehicle technology.

This book focuses on the calculus of variations, including fundamental theories and applications. This textbook is intended for graduate and higher-level college and university students, introducing them to the basic concepts and calculation methods used in the calculus of variations. It covers the preliminaries, variational problems with fixed boundaries, sufficient conditions of extrema of functionals, problems with undetermined boundaries, variational problems of conditional extrema, variational problems in parametric forms, variational principles, direct methods for variational problems, variational principles in mechanics and their applications, and variational problems of functionals with vector, tensor and Hamiltonian operators. Many of the contributions are based on the authors'research, addressing topics such as the extension of the connotation of the Hilbert adjoint operator, definitions of the other three kinds of adjoint operators, the extremum function theorem of the complete functional, unified Euler equations in variational methods, variational theories of functionals with vectors, modulus of vectors, arbitrary order tensors, Hamiltonian operators and Hamiltonian operator strings, reconciling the Euler equations and the natural boundary conditions, and the application range of variational methods. The book is also a valuable reference resource for teachers as well as science and technology professionals.

Dieses Buch vermittelt sowohl Studenten, als auch Planern und Betreibern in Industrie und Wissenschaft das nötige umfangreiche Wissen, um Messungen an Motorenprüfständen durchführen zu können. Messtechnik und Prüfstände für Verbrennungsmotoren helfen, Kraftstoff einzusparen, Treibhausgase und Schadstoffe zu reduzieren, mit kleineren Motoren mehr Leistung abzugeben sowie Komponenten und Betriebsstoffe zu optimieren. Mit den Motoren und der Abgasgesetzgebung entwickelt sich auch die für die Entwicklung erforderliche mechanische, thermodynamische und Abgasmesstechnik weiter.

This volume considers various methods of energy storage that make use of electrochemical reactions, electric and magnetic fields, and chemical reactions. This book begins with a consideration of the use of batteries as a means of storing electrical energy. Various common battery chemistries are presented along with a summary of common battery sizes. The electrochemistry of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell is discussed in detail. Sodium-based batteries are discussed, as are vanadium flow batteries. The applications of batteries for energy storage are overviewed, concentrating on transportation technologies and grid-scale storage. Methods for storing energy in the form of electric fields include the use of supercapacitors and superconducting coils. The design of capacitors, including supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors is presented. The applications of supercapacitors for high-power, short-term energy storage are discussed. The use of superconducting magnets to store large amounts of electrical energy without resistive loss is presented. The application of superconducting electrical storage for grid stability is considered. Final chemical energy storage techniques are considered. The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is discussed in detail. The concept of a future hydrogen economy has been popular in recent years. This volume considers the efficiency of such an approach. Other chemical energy carriers, such as methane, methanol, and ammonia, are discussed.