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As transportation systems for land, air, and space vehicles continue to grow increasingly sophisticated, more advanced materials are needed to support their development and commercialization. Materials for Land, Air, and Space Transportation details new materials development for these transportation applications, emphasizing physical properties, research theories, and cutting-edge processing technologies, as well as advanced high-precision inspection methodologies.• Covers materials, design, and manufacturing for lightweight vehicles, high-speed trains, fuel cell vehicles, and aerospace and aeronautical use.• Focuses on the newest material function and processing technologies, covering nanotechnology, modern additive manufacturing techniques, and physical and mechanical studies of structure-sensitive properties of materials.• Describes theoretical deduction, numerical simulation, and experimental studies of various materials.This reference will be of interest to engineers and researchers in the disciplines of materials, mechanical, and transportation engineering, and related areas.

In the process industry, understanding the unit operation of particulate drying is imperative to yield products with desired properties and characteristics and to ensure process safety, optimal energy efficiency and drying performance, as well as low environmental impact. There are many techniques and tools available, which can cause confusion. Particulate Drying: Techniques and Industry Applications provides an overview of various particulate drying techniques, their advantages and limitations, industrial applications, and simple design methods.This book:• Covers advances in particulate drying and their importance in the process industry• Highlights recent developments in conventional drying techniques and new drying technologies• Helps readers gain insight into selecting the appropriate drying techniques for a particular product• Summarizes various applications from a wide range of industries, including chemical, food, pharmaceutical, biotech, polymer, mineral, and agro-industries• Projects future research trends and demands in particulate dryingThis book serves as a reference for process and plant engineers as well as researchers in the fields of particulate processing, mineral processing, food processing, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering, especially those involved in the selection of drying equipment for particulate solids and R&D of drying of particulate materials.

This is an open access book. It gathers the first volume of the proceedings of the 31st edition of the International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, FAIM 2022, held on June 19 – 23, 2022, in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Covering four thematic areas including Manufacturing Processes, Machine Tools, Manufacturing Systems, and Enabling Technologies, it reports on advanced manufacturing processes, and innovative materials for 3D printing, applications of machine learning, artificial intelligence and mixed reality in various production sectors, as well as important issues in human-robot collaboration, including methods for improving safety. Contributions also cover strategies to improve quality control, supply chain management and training in the manufacturing industry, and methods supporting circular supply chain and sustainable manufacturing. All in all, this book provides academicians, engineers and professionals with extensive information on both scientific and industrial advances in the converging fields of manufacturing, production, and automation.

Currently, anthropogenic activities have caused unprecedented destruction of the environment at alarming rates, leading to undesirable alterations in air, land, and water. The process of environment degradation has been accelerated by industrial processes, which result in waste as well as over-consumption of natural resources. The ecological balance has been disturbed, and resources have shrunk. All this has resulted in climate change, which has emerged as a major concern in the 21st century. Changes in the environment are driven by demand for energy, water, and food to raise the standard of living. These are also responsible for climate change, with contributions from deforestation and CO2 emissions from fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum.The present volume discusses some of the main issues regarding environmental degradation and the causes as well as the impact of climate change, which is impacting the ecosystem. The effects of various pollutants, causes of climate change with case studies on geochemistry and glaciers, etc., and measures to reduce the impact on biodiversity, health, etc. are discussed in detail in its chapters. In a nutshell, this volume discusses in detail the following issues:• Anthropogenic and natural factors in environmental degradation• Climate change history, causes, and threats to abiotic and biotic systems• Case studies on the impact of climate change and living systems• Mitigation and preparedness for the future

This book covers advanced manufacturing in biological, petroleum, and nanotechnology processing for the development of novel products and systems that incorporate enhanced pollution control and waste management for environmental remediation. The book is divided into three parts. The first section looks at the design and application of process systems, the second section focuses largely on pollution control and management, and the final section discusses areas related to process modeling and simulation. Coverage highlights the integration of smart tools and solutions and looks at current advances in monitoring industrial and environmental processes that can assist in making significant progress in process design for the effective control of pollution and waste management.

This book covers recent advances and future trends in yeast synthetic biology, providing readers with an overview of computational and engineering tools, and giving insight on important applications. Yeasts are one of the most attractive microbial cell factories for the production of a wide range of valuable products, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, agrochemicals and biofuels. Synthetic biology tools have been developed to improve the metabolic engineering of yeasts in a faster and more reliable manner. Today, these tools are used to make synthetic pathways and rewiring metabolism even more efficient, producing products at high titer, rate, and yield. Split into two parts, the book opens with an introduction to rational metabolic pathway prediction and design using computational tools and their applications for yeast systems and synthetic biology. Then, it focuses on the construction and assembly of standardized biobricks for synthetic pathway engineering in yeasts, yeast cell engineering and whole cell yeast-based biosensors. The second part covers applications of synthetic biology to produce diverse and attractive products by some well-known yeasts. Given its interdisciplinary scope, the book offers a valuable asset for students, researchers and engineers working in biotechnology, applied microbiology, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.

Diverse Quasiparticle Properties of Emerging Materials: First-Principles Simulations thoroughly explores the rich and unique quasiparticle properties of emergent materials through a VASP-based theoretical framework. Evaluations and analyses are conducted on the crystal symmetries, electronic energy spectra/wave functions, spatial charge densities, van Hove singularities, magnetic moments, spin configurations, optical absorption structures with/without excitonic effects, quantum transports, and atomic coherent oscillations.Key Features Illustrates various quasiparticle phenomena, mainly covering orbital hybridizations and spin-up/spin-down configurations Mainly focuses on electrons and holes, in which their methods and techniques could be generalized to other quasiparticles, such as phonons and photons Considers such emerging materials as zigzag nanotubes, nanoribbons, germanene, plumbene, bismuth chalcogenide insulators Includes a section on applications of these materials This book is aimed at professionals and researchers in materials science, physics, and physical chemistry, as well as upper-level students in these fields.

Polymeric Foams: Innovations in Technologies and Environmentally Friendly Materials offers the latest in technology and environmental innovations within the field of polymeric foams. It outlines how application-focused research in polymeric foam can continue to improve living quality and enhance social responsibility.This book: Addresses technological innovations including those in bead foams, foam injection molding, foams in tissue engineering, foams in insulation, and silicon rubber foam Discusses environmentally friendly innovations in PET foam, degradable and renewable foam, and physical blowing agents Describes principles as well as applications from internationally recognized foam experts This work is aimed at researchers and industry professionals across chemical, mechanical, materials, polymer engineering, and anyone else developing and applying these advanced polymeric materials.

Heterogeneous Catalysis: Materials and Applications focuses on heterogeneous catalysis applied to the elimination of atmospheric pollutants as an alternative solution for producing clean energy and the valorization of chemical products. The book helps users understand the properties of catalytic materials and catalysis phenomena governing electrocatalytic/catalytic reactions, and – more specifically – the study of surface and interface chemistry. By clustering knowledge in these fields, the book makes information available to both the academic and industrial communities. Further, it shows how heterogeneous catalysis applications can be used to solve environmental problems and convert energy through electrocatalytic reactions and chemical valorization. Sections cover nanomaterials for heterogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis mechanisms, SOX adsorption, greenhouse gases conversion, reforming reactions for hydrogen production, valorization of hydrogen energy, energy conversion and biomass valorization. - Addresses topics of increasing interest to society such as the valorization of biomass, the use of polluting gases to produce value-added products, and the optimization of catalytic materials for water splitting, fuel cells, and other devices - Discusses pollutant adsorption by industrial fume desulphurization processes - Helps improve processes for obtaining chemicals using nonconventional technologies

Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications presents detailed information about the range of methods of synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The book systematically delves into the subject with an introductory chapter before moving to chemical synthesis of AGn Ps and fabrication methods which help in assigning functional properties for useful nanomaterials. Basic and advanced synthetic methods like surface functionalization and bioconjugation are covered. Additionally, the book informs about impactful applications of AGNPs across a range of industries. Through this book, readers will be able to understand the importance of silver nanoparticles as a futuristic material in scientific investigations and gain a comprehensive understanding of the operational strategies revolving around their surface modification and conjugation.Key Features:-Covers the basics of silver nanoparticle (AGNP) synthesis-Focuses on green methods of AGNPs- Covers information about surface modification and functionalization of AGNPs with different molecules (including biomolecules)-Covers a range of applications of AGNPs-Includes advanced applications of AGNPs in next-generation antibioticsSilver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications a handy reference for scholars in advanced chemical engineering, materials science and pharmacology programs as well as anyone who wants to know all about silver nanoparticles.

This volume contains the selected papers resulting from the 7th Annual International Workshop on Materials Science and Engineering, and is focusing on the following six aspects: 1. Various Materials Properties, Processing, and Manufactures; 2. Multifunctional Materials Properties, Processing, and Manufactures; 3. Nanomaterials and Biomaterials; 4. Civil Materials and Sustainable Environment; 5. Electrochemical Valuation, Fracture Resistance, and Assessment; 6. Designs Related to Materials Science and Engineering. This proceeding presents and discusses key concepts and analyzes the state-of-the-art of the field. IWMSE 2021 is an academic conference in a series held once per year. The conference not only provides insights on materials science and engineering, but also affords conduit for future research in these fields. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration.

Inorganic Anticorrosive Materials (IAMs): Past, Present, and Future Perspectives covers the anticorrosive effects of inorganic materials and metal oxides in particular. The book presents the latest developments in corrosion inhibition and discusses future opportunities. It also addresses the fundamental characteristics, synthesis, inhibition mechanisms, and applications of metal oxides as corrosion inhibitors in industry and provides a chronological overview of the growth of the field. The book concludes with discussions about commercialization and economics. This book is an indispensable reference for scholars, chemical engineers, chemists, and materials scientists working in research and development and in academia who require comprehensive knowledge of corrosion-inhibition mechanisms. - Utilizes metal oxides as corrosion inhibitors for usage in modern industrial platforms - Evaluates corrosion inhibitors as prime options for sustainable and transformational opportunities - Provides up-to-date reference materials, including websites of interest and information about ongoing research

This book provides the whole spectrum of polysaccharides from basic concepts to commercial market applications. Chapters cover various types of sources, classification, properties, characterization, processing, rheology and fabrication of polysaccharide-based materials and their composites and gels. The applications of polysaccharides include in cosmetics, food science, drug delivery, biomedicine, biofuel production, marine, packaging, chromatography and environmental remediation. It also reviews the fabrication of inorganic and carbon nanomaterials from polysaccharides. The book incorporates industrial applications and will fill the gap between the exploration works in the laboratory and viable applications in related ventures.

This book comprehensively describes the fundamentals of electrochemical water electrolysis as well as the latest materials and technological developments. It addresses a variety of topics such as electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms, as well as challenges and strategies. It also includes an understanding of how materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis have developed in recent years, and it describes the progress in improving performance and providing benefits to energy systems and applications. Features the most recent advances in electrochemical water electrolysis to produce hydrogen Discusses cutting-edge materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis Includes both experimental and theoretical approaches that can be used to guide and promote materials as well as technological development for electrochemical water electrolysis Comprises work from international leading scientists active in electrochemical energy and environmental research and development Provides invaluable information that will benefit readers from both academia and industry With contributions from researchers at the top of their fields, the book includes in-depth discussions covering the engineering of components and applied devices, making this an essential read for scientists and engineers working in the development of electrochemical energy devices and related disciplines.

The current book brings together cutting-edge research in the area of heterogeneous catalytic redox processes. The first part of the book covers the catalytic properties of transition metal oxides and the techniques for catalysts preparation, such as mechanochemistry, plasmochemistry, hydrothermal treatment, etc. Further the authors focus on mechanisms of heterogeneous redox reactions followed by the overview of industrial applications.

Downstream bioprocesses have a significant role to play in the creation of a sustainable bio-based economy, enabling the creation of new products and systems from the more sustainable bioprocessing of natural products. Liquid Biphasic System: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications in Bioseparation Technology explores in detail the fundamental processes and applications of this new separation system, aiding understanding of the basic principles of the technique and offering constructive criticisms on the latest findings.Including coverage of the background, principles, mechanisms, and applications, Liquid Biphasic System addresses how to adapt the technology for the purification of useful compounds with greater cost efficiency and greener processing. It is essential reading for bioprocess engineers, biochemical engineers, biosystem engineers, chemists and microbiologists working in the fields of bioprocessing. Researchers, scientists, and engineers concerned with the selection and evaluation of alternative bioseparation processes will find the book particularly useful. - Provides information and examples of advanced separations in a single source - Includes detailed descriptions of novel bioseparation systems - Covers the latest technologies related to advanced liquid–liquid separation and their applications in various industries

This new edition follows the original format, which combines a detailed case study - the production of phthalic anhydride - with practical advice and comprehensive background information. Guiding the reader through all major aspects of a chemical engineering design, the text includes both the initial technical and economic feasibility study as well as the detailed design stages. Each aspect of the design is illustrated with material from an award-winning student design project. The book embodies the'learning by doing'approach to design. The student is directed to appropriate information sources and is encouraged to make decisions at each stage of the design process rather than simply following a design method. Thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded, the accompanying text includes developments in important areas and many new references.

Anisotropic Particle Assemblies: Synthesis, Assembly, Modeling, and Applications covers the synthesis, assembly, modeling, and applications of various types of anisotropic particles. Topics such as chemical synthesis and scalable fabrication of colloidal molecules, molecular mimetic self-assembly, directed assembly under external fields, theoretical and numerical multi-scale modeling, anisotropic materials with novel interfacial properties, and the applications of these topics in renewable energy, intelligent micro-machines, and biomedical fields are discussed in depth. Contributors to this book are internationally known experts who have been actively studying each of these subfields for many years.This book is an invaluable reference for researchers and chemical engineers who are working at the intersection of physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science and engineering. It educates students, trains the next generation of researchers, and stimulates continuous development in this rapidly emerging area for new materials and innovative technologies. - Provides comprehensive coverage on new developments in anisotropic particles - Features chapters written by emerging and leading experts in each of the subfields - Contains information that will appeal to a broad spectrum of professionals, including but not limited to chemical engineers, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists and engineers - Serves as both a reference book for researchers and a textbook for graduate students

Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. - Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry - Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets - Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs

This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Volume 2 is solely focused on the Design and Manufacturing of renewable materials. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Design and manufacturing of high performance green composites; manufacturing of high performance biomass-based polyesters by rheological approach; components design of fibrous composite materials; design and manufacturing of bio-based sandwich structures; design and manufacture of biodegradable products from renewable resources; manufacturing and characterization of quicklime filled metal alloy composites for single row deep groove ball bearing; manufacturing of composites from chicken feathers and poly (vinyl chloride); production of porous carbons from resorcinol-formaldehyde gels: applications; composites using agricultural wastes; manufacturing of rice wastes-based natural fiber polymer composites from thermosetting vs. thermoplastic matrices; thermoplastic polymeric composites; natural fiber reinforced PLA composites; rigid closed-cell PUR foams containing polyols derived from renewable resources; preparation and application of the composite from alginate; recent developments in biocomposites of bombyx mori silk fibroin; design and manufacturing of natural fiber/ synthetic fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites; natural fiber composite strengthening solution for structural beam component for enhanced flexural strength; high pressure resin transfer molding of epoxy resins from renewable sources; cork based structural composites; the use of wheat straw as an agricultural waste in composites for semi-structural applications and design/ manufacturing of sustainable composites.

Polymers are an important part in everyday life; products made from polymers range from sophisticated articles, such as biomaterials, to aerospace materials. One of the reasons for the great popularity exhibited by polymers is their ease of processing. Polymer properties can be tailored to meet specific needs by varying the “atomic composition” of the repeat structure, by varying molecular weight and by the incorporation (via covalent and non-covalent interactions) of an enormous range of compounds to impart specific activities. In food science, the use of polymeric materials is widely explored, from both an engineering and a nutraceutical point of view. Regarding the engineering application, researchers have discovered the most suitable materials for intelligent packaging which preserves the food quality and prolongs the shelf-life of the products. Furthermore, in agriculture, specific functionalized polymers are used to increase the efficiency of treatments and reduce the environmental pollution. In the nutraceutical field, because consumers are increasingly conscious of the relationship between diet and health, the consumption of high quality foods has been growing continuously. Different compounds (e.g. high quality proteins, lipids and polysaccharides) are well known to contribute to the enhancement of human health by different mechanisms, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary disease, and hypertension. This second volume focuses on the importance of polymers and functional food and in food processing

This volume mainly discusses the application and commercialization of nanocoating. There are seventeen chapters in this volume, each including examples of interesting materials supported by appropriate figures for better clarification.

Biomass presents an attractive source for the production of fuels and chemicals, mainly due to the concerns over the depleting fossil fuel, growing awareness of environmental issues associated with fossil fuel consumption, and increasing world energy demand. Biomass resources include agricultural and forest residues, energy crops, livestock residues as well as municipal solid waste. These biomass resources are first processed into a conversion-friendly form, followed by the transformation to a wide range of energy and/or chemical products using two primary biorefinery platforms: biochemical and thermochemical. This book covers the most recent advances in biomass processing, biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies, and thus, serves as a useful reference to agriculture engineers, chemical engineers, biotechnology engineers and engineering students. The contents of the book are divided into three sections: biomass overview and processing, biomass thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies, and integrated biorefinery processes. Section 1 provides an overview of biomass concepts, supply logistics, and processing technologies. This section begins with a chapter on different biomass sources along with their compositions and properties (Chapter 1), followed by discussions on lignocellulosic feedstock supply logistics (Chapter 2), biomass resources in Canada and U.S. (Chapter 3), the harvesting system for biomass and drying (Chapter 4), and biomass size reduction (Chapter 5). This section ends with a chapter on techniques for biomass pelletization (Chapter 6). Section 2 focuses on biomass conversion technologies and biomass-derived fuels/products. This section starts with the overview of three primary thermochemical conversion technologies: pyrolysis (Chapter 7), liquefaction (Chapter 8), and gasification (Chapter 9). Steam gasification of biomass is used as an example for hydrogen production (Chapter 10). Three chapters (Chapters 11-13) in this section provide different aspects of pyrolysis oil/biofuel upgrading, including hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking of pyrolysis oils. Recent advances in bio-diesel production from seed oil and microalgae are summarized in Chapters 14-16. Chapter 17 summarizes the current status in the thermochemical conversion of fermentation-derived oxygenates to fuels. Biochemical conversion includes microbial conversion of bio-based chemicals (Chapter 18), pretreatment technologies (Chapter 19) for the conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol (Chapter 20), and biodegrading lignocellulosic feedstocks using thermophilic and anaerobic bacteria (Chapter 21). Section 3 emphases the importance of integrated biorefinery concept and applications. The issues covered in this section are economic analysis of municipal solid waste to power (Chapter 22), process design for biological conversion of cattails to ethanol (Chapter 23), and green biorefining of green biomass (Chapter 24).

Techniques and strategies for the production of nanomaterials and nanostructures have developed to an advanced level. However, the concepts and methods needed to correctly architect these materials into viable applications remains seriously lacking. This book introduces the concept of'Nanoarchitechtonics', a term introduced by Dr Masakazu Aono to describe the correct manipulation of nanoscale materials in the creation of nano-devices and applications. With contributions from across the globe, Manipulation of Nanoscale Materials presents a broad spectrum of nanomaterials and their applications. Following an introductory chapter prepared by the editors, the book is divided into three further sections of chapters, detailing Nanoarchitectonics for Materials Development, Materials Nanoarchitechtonics for Bio-Conjugates and Bio-Applications, Materials Nanoarchitechtonics for Advanced Devices. The first book in its field, this is essential reading for anyone creating or deploying nanomaterials. Fully referenced to the primary literature, this title presents an excellent source of information, and inspiration, to the reader and should appeal to experienced materials scientists, nanotechnologists and postgraduate students. Dr. Katsuhiko Ariga is the Director of Supermolecules Group and Principal Investigator of World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). Dr Masakazu Aono is Director General of MANA and group leader of the nano-system organiszation group MANA, NIMS.

Advances in Catalysis fills the gap between the journal papers and the textbooks across the diverse areas of catalysis research. For more than 60 years Advances in Catalysis has been dedicated to recording progress in the field of catalysis and providing the scientific community with comprehensive and authoritative reviews. This series in invaluable to chemical engineers, physical chemists, biochemists, researchers and industrial chemists working in the fields of catalysis and materials chemistry. - In-depth, critical, state-of-the-art reviews - Comprehensive, covers of all aspects of catalysis research

Scientists are conducting active research in different fields of engineering, science and technology by adopting the Green Chemistry Principles and methodologies to devise new processes, with a view to help protect and ultimately save the environment from further anthropogenic interruptions and damage. With this in mind, the book provides an up-to-date, coherently written and objectively presented set of chapters from eminent international researchers who are actively involved in academic and technological research in the synthesis, (bio)degradation, testing and applications of biodegradable polymers and biopolymers. This pool of the latest ideas, recent research and technological progress, together with a high level of thinking with a comprehensive perspective, makes the emerging field of biodegradable polymer science and engineering (or bio-based polymers) linked to environmental sustainability, the essence of this key publication. The handbook consists of chapters written and contributed by international experts from academia who are world leaders in research and technology in sustainability and biopolymer and biodegradable polymer synthesis, characterisation, testing and use. The book highlights the following areas: green polymers; biopolymers and bionanocomposites; biodegradable and injectable polymers; biodegradable polyesters; synthesis and physical properties; discovery and characterization of biopolymers; degradable bioelastomers, lactic acid based biodegradable polymers; enzymatic degradation of biodegradable polymers; biodegradation of polymers in the composting environment; recent development in biodegradable polymers; research and applications and biodegradable foams. The book is aimed at technical, research-orientated and marketing people in industry, universities and institutions. It will also be of value to the worldwide public interested in sustainability issues and biopolymer development as well as others interested in the practical means that are being used to reduce the environmental impacts of chemical processes and products, to further eco-efficiency, and to advance the utilization of renewable resources for a bio-based production and supplier chain. Readers will gain a comprehensive and consolidated overview of the immense potential and ongoing research in bio-based and biodegradable polymer science, engineering and technology to make the world greener.

In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the synthesis, types and applications of hydroxides. Topics include synthetic approaches to ion-exchangeable metal hydroxides; layered double hydroxides as sorbents for environmental remediation; sodium and potassium hydroxides for preparing superior quality activated carbons; delamination of layered double hydroxides; anionic depollution by layered hydroxides; and ceramic pigments from mixed hydroxides with hydrotalcite-like structures.

The study of sonochemistry is concerned with understanding the effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems. This book reviews research data in the study of sonochemistry including the application of sonochemistry for the synthesis of various nano-structured materials, ultrasound irradiation in pinacol coupling of carbonyl compounds, ultrasound and hydrophobic interactions in solutions, as well as the use of ultrasound to enhance anticancer agents in sonochemotherapy and the ultrasound-enhanced synthesis and chemical modification of fullerenes.

In recent years, membranes and related technologies have gained more technical and commercial relevance. Their applications have extended to environmental, chemical, medical, food, and energy industries. To date, many books on membranes have been published to awaken reader's interest in this field. This book, however, is intended not to make a summary of the literature in these areas, but to focus on the current status of some advanced membrane technologies which are well related to human life. Eight chapters were contributed by well-known researchers and professors in the corresponding fields. Chapter 1 from Prof. Strathmann takes a roam through membrane science and technology—from desalination and artificial kidneys to fuel cell separators and membrane reactors, informing the reader of what kind of membrane technologies have come true, or might or might never come true. Chapter 2 by Prof. Tongwen Xu concentrates on the current science and technology using electro-membranes. Chapter 3 treats of the application of membranes to energy supply, which has been a hot issue for sustainable development of our earth and contributed by famous exporter (Dr. J. Kerres and coworker). Chapter 4 described novel Inorganic-organic hybrid membranes, which, were recently developed and expected to be applied in such harsh conditions as high temperature and strongly oxidizing circumstances. The improvements on traditional chemical processes using membrane technologies are summarized in Chapter 5 by Prof. Chung TS and his coworkers and exemplified with pervaporation for organic separation. Chapter 6 covers a hot issue in our daily life: recycling of municipal waste water using membrane bioreactors and contributed by Prof. Kim In S. Another distinctive characteristic about membrane technologies is integration flexibility, which is crucial to the realization of multiple functions needed for a specific complex industrial application. Prof. Moon SH and Dr. Lee HJ contributed to such technique integrations. Membrane controlled release, the focus of Chapter 8 from Prof. Chu Ly, is an emerging membrane technology that might come true and has proved important in medical and pharmaceutical applications.

Discover new and emerging applications of polymer nanofibers alongside the basic underlying science and technology. With discussions exploring such practical applications as filters, fabrics, sensors, catalysts, scaffolding, drug delivery, and wound dressings, the book provides polymer scientists and engineers with a comprehensive, practical'how-to'reference. Moreover, the author offers an expert assessment of polymer nanofibers'near-term potential for commercialization. Among the highlights of coverage is the book's presentation of the science and technology of electrospinning, including practical information on how to electrospin different polymer systems.

PET and SPECT are two of today's most important medical-imaging methods, providing images that reveal subtle information about physiological processes in humans and animals. Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT explains the physics and engineering principles of these important functional-imaging methods. The technology of emission tomography is covered in detail, including historical origins, scientific and mathematical foundations, imaging systems and their components, image reconstruction and analysis, simulation techniques, and clinical and laboratory applications. The book describes the state of the art of emission tomography, including all facets of conventional SPECT and PET, as well as contemporary topics such as iterative image reconstruction, small-animal imaging, and PET/CT systems. This book is intended as a textbook and reference resource for graduate students, researchers, medical physicists, biomedical engineers, and professional engineers and physicists in the medical-imaging industry. Thorough tutorials of fundamental and advanced topics are presented by dozens of the leading researchers in PET and SPECT. SPECT has long been a mainstay of clinical imaging, and PET is now one of the world's fastest growing medical imaging techniques, owing to its dramatic contributions to cancer imaging and other applications. Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT is an essential resource for understanding the technology of SPECT and PET, the most widely used forms of molecular imaging.•Contains thorough tutorial treatments, coupled with coverage of advanced topics•Three of the four holders of the prestigious Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medical Imaging Scientist Award are chapter contributors•Include color artwork

Advances in Catalysis

ZEOCAT'95 is the eleventh in the series of symposia devoted to special fields of zeolite chemistry. Six plenary lectures, forty oral and forty-two poster presentations were included in the program. The accepted papers cover every aspect of catalysis on microporous materials. A significant number of the contributions describe the synthesis, modification, instrumental and chemical characterisation of zeolites and other micro- and mesoporous materials. Catalytic reactions involve hydrocarbon cracking, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, methanol to hydrocarbon conversion, hydration of acetylene, various alkylation reactions, redox transformations, Claisen rearrangement, etc.