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This volume helps us understand the transformations of terrorist organisations, and the conflicts they are involved in, by broadening the perspective on what is considered terrorist learning.Using a variety of methodological approaches and empirical data, the volume offers a look at the clandestine inner lives of groups from different continents and ideological backgrounds in order to explore from whom they learn and how, and what the outcomes are. Their internal and external interactions are examined within their socio-political contexts to illuminate how they adapt to challenges or fail to do so. Unpacking the question of ‘how do terrorists learn'helps us to grasp not only changes of violent means of action but also of operational and strategic approaches and, ultimately, even transformations of the ends pursued. The chapters demonstrate that terrorist learning is not principally different from that of other human organisations. The contributors draw on conceptual frameworks of organizational learning, but also broaden the scope beyond the organizational framework to acknowledge the variety of forms of informal and decentralized learning characteristic of much contemporary terrorism.This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, violent extremism, organisational studies and International Relations.

This book offers a completely new approach to the complex social phenomenon of the Mafia: In addition to the origins, organization and actions of the Mafia, the author Anita Bestler examines above all the close connection between organized crime and politics. In the process, readers [also] gain an interesting insight into the complicated political development of Italy from the founding of the state to the present, as well as an answer as to why Italians have a different political mindset.

Spätestens mit den Debatten zu einer zunehmenden Polarisierung der deutschen und anderer europäischer Gesellschaften rückt die Frage nach Prozessen der Radikalisierung in den Blick. Neben individuellen Radikalisierungen sind es vor allem gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen, die für die Radikalisierung, manchmal sogar ganzer Gruppen, verantwortlich zeichnen. Im vorliegenden Buch werden unter Einbezug unterschiedlicher Perspektiven Prozesse der Radikalisierung und damit verbundenen Co-Radikalisierung auf rechtsextremer und muslimischer Seite untersucht und diskutiert.

Das Buch verfolgt ausgehend von einem gruppensoziologischen Ansatz die Frage, warum der Nationalsozialistische Untergrund (NSU) über Jahre unentdeckt im Untergrund operieren konnte. Dadurch stehen in dieser Untersuchung die Dynamiken innerhalb der NSU-Kerngruppe sowie ihr Verhältnis zu ihrem Unterstützungsnetzwerk und zu außenstehenden Dritten im Fokus. Aus dieser Perspektive sind es insbesondere die persönlichen Vertrauensbeziehungen zwischen Uwe Böhnhardt, Uwe Mundlos, Beate Zschäpe und schließlich zu ihren engen Unterstützern, die für die erfolgreiche Stabilisierung und Geheimhaltung des NSU prägend sind. Damit leistet dieses Buch einen weiteren Beitrag zur Untersuchung des NSU-Komplexes und richtet sich an Forschende, die sich für eine gruppensoziologische Auseinandersetzung mit einer Terrorgruppe interessieren.

Zuletzt haben verschiedene Gruppen durch demonstratives Übertreten von Gesetzen Aufmerksamkeit auf ihre politischen Anliegen gelenkt, sei es die Verletzung der Schulpflicht bei Fridays for Future-Demonstrationen oder die Weigerung, sich an die Maßnahmen zur Pandemie-Eindämmung zu halten, bei Kritikern der Corona-Politik. In diesem Buch wird untersucht, was hinter diesen Regelbrüchen steckt: Unterstützer der Fridays for Future-Bewegung sind zwar unzufrieden mit der Klimapolitik, aber gut ins politische System integriert; Menschen, die sich nicht an die Corona-Regeln halten mögen, weisen dagegen zum Teil eine erhebliche Entfremdung vom und Misstrauen gegenüber dem politischen System auf.

Ist das Polizeimanagement lernfähig? Wie äußert sich das in seinem strategischen und operativen Handlungsumfeld? Und: Welchen Einfluss haben institutionell gewachsene Automatismen darauf? Die Polizei als flexible und adaptive Einsatzorganisation ist mit komplexen dynamischen Handlungsfeldern, Risiken und Gefährdungspotenzialen konfrontiert. Neben der täglichen Routinearbeit kommen Demonstrationen, Amokläufe, terroristische Anschläge hinzu. Die Polizei als lernende Organisation sollte daher stets auf unerwartete Ereignisse und sicherheitsrelevante Entwicklungen vorbereitet sein, um sie frühzeitig zu erkennen und folgenarm zu bewältigen. Anhand von drei praktischen Fallbeispielen wird untersucht, ob und wie operative Polizeieinsätze systemorientiert nach Kriterien der lernenden Organisation ablaufen können und wo Verbesserungspotenziale für unerwartete und kritische Situationen möglich oder notwendig sind.

This book examines the intersecting forces of nationalism, terrorism, and patriotism that normalize an acceptance of the global war on terror as essential to maintaining freedom and democracy as defined by white nation-states. Readers are introduced to speculative ethnography: an experimental methodology that bends time and space through the practice of avant-garde poetics. This study conceptualizes terrorism as a place of colonial encounters between soldiers, insurgents, civilians, and leaders of nation-states. The tactics of suicide bombings employed by the Tamil nationalist movement, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, are juxtaposed with drone strikes in asymmetric warfare where violence becomes a means of dialogue. Each chapter weaves seemingly disparate narratives from multiple experiences and sites of war, inviting readers to witness the condition of getting lost in that willful attachment to killing and being killed in service of patriotic pride and national belonging.

This book explores the connections between migration and terrorism and extrapolates, with the help of current research and case studies, what the future may hold for both issues. Migration and Radicalization: Global Futures looks at how migrants and terrorists have both been treated as Others outside the body politic, how growing migrant flows borne of a rickety state system cause both natives and migrants to turn violent, and how terrorist radicalization and tensions between natives and migrants can be reduced. As he contemplates potential global futures in the light of migration and radicalization, Gabriel Rubin charts a course between contemporary migration and terrorism scholarship, exploring their interactions in a methodologically rigorous but theoretically bold investigation.

This book brings together the latest literature and European experiences on preventing youth violent radicalisation and violent actions in intergroup relations. Youth violent radicalisation is a significant problem within the European context, and requires an exploration of how various social actors can play an active role in preventing radicalisation in minors and young adults. This complex issue needs to be explored through a multidisciplinary approach, and effective operational models are needed in order to tackle it. This book describes the theoretical framework for such an approach in all its facets. The book's originality lies in its psychosocial and participatory approach, aimed at improving results through professional training and community empowerment for building trusting relationships and educational activities. It also proposes “alternative narratives”, which are a way of representing people and groups within a social context, thereby overcoming stereotyped visions and stigma. This book focuses on participation and communication among stakeholders, social inclusion, strengthening democratic values, and pursuing a proactive instead of a reactive approach to preventing radicalisation. Highly topical, the book will appeal to researchers and students of the social and behavioural sciences interested in youth radicalisation, including social work and social policy, as well as practitioners working within the juvenile justice system.

This open access book brings together a set of original studies that use cutting-edge computational methods to investigate conflict at various geographic scales and degrees of intensity and violence. Methodologically, this book covers a variety of computational approaches from text mining and machine learning to agent-based modelling and social network analysis. Empirical cases range from migration policy framing in North America and street protests in Iran to violence against civilians in Congo and food riots world-wide. Supplementary materials in the book include a comprehensive list of the datasets on conflict and dissent, as well as resources to online repositories where the annotated code and data of individual chapters can be found and where (agent-based) models can be re-produced and altered. These materials are a valuable resource for those wishing to retrace and learn from the analyses described in this volume and adapt and apply them to their own research interests. By bringing together novel research through an international team of scholars from a range of disciplines, Computational Conflict Research pioneers and maps this emerging field. The book will appeal to students, scholars, and anyone interested in the prospects of using computational social sciences to advance our understanding of conflict dynamics.

•Breaking Laws: Violence and Civil Disobedience in Protest• questions the complex relationship between social movements and violence through two contrasted lenses; first through the short-lived radical left wing post'68 revolutionary violence, and secondly in the present diffusion of civil disobedience actions, often at the border between non-violence and violence. This book shows how and why violence occurs or does not, and what different meanings it can take. The short-lived extreme left revolutionary groups that grew out of May'68 and the opposition to the Vietnam War (such as the German Red Army Faction, the Italian Red Brigades, and the Japanese Red Army) are without any doubt on the violent side. More ambiguous are the burgeoning contemporary forms of'civil'disobedience, breaking the law with the aim of changing it. In theory, these efforts are associated with non-violence and self-restraint. In practice, the line is more difficult to trace, as much depends on how political players define and frame non-violence and political legitimacy.

This book, an outcome of an international conference entitled'State Organized Terror: The Case of Violent Internal Repression', addresses the antecedent structural factors conducive to state organized terror and provides insights into the political and social psychology of state terror.

Die kritische These dieses essentials geht davon aus, dass das Radikalisierungsparadigma die Terrorismusbekämpfung an den Rand einer epistemischen Krise brachte. Denn es blendete zahlreiche Radikalisierungsmechanismen und -faktoren jenseits der verdächtigen Gemeinschaften aus. Vor allem aber lenkte die wahrnehmungsdominante Perspektive auf ein ideologisch-theologisches Phänomen als ‚terroristischen Nährboden‘ von den eigentlichen Gefährdern, klandestinen Netzwerken und konspirativ Radikalisierten ab. So entstand das so genannte ‚tunnel investigation syndrome‘, das die Analytiker in einigen Fällen daran hinderte, terrorismusrelevante Entwicklungen zu reflektieren.​

Published in 1998. The various conventions which apply to the subject of unlawful interface with civil aviation have proved effective only to the extent of nurturing existing values of international law as they are restrictively perceived through the parameters of air law. This book examines the offence of unlawful interference with international civil aviation and analyses critically the legal and regulatory regime that applies thereto, with a view to recommending measures that are calculated to infuse a new approach to the problem. Emphasis is laid throughout the work on action which may be taken to alleviate the problem of unlawful interference. Its conclusion incorporates various steps that can be taken towards achieving this objective. The author focuses on the core of the problem which has effectively precluded significant progress into inroads that would curb the threat terrorism in aviation: the attitude of the international community. The book therefore examines in limine the fundamental role of international law in the light of the United Nationals Congress of International Public Law of March 1995, and its effect on international criminal law. It then determines the applicable principles of State sovereignty and examines the principles of State responsibility. Its main purpose is to recommend the establishment of a new philosophy of international criminal law which transcends municipal boundaries. Academic, scholarly and judicial precedent for this book is the adduced in support of this argument. The book also examines the role of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as the regulatory body responsible for civil aviation, in the context of new approaches made by the international community towards the status of ICAO in aviation security.The practical value of this work essentially lies in the legal recommendations it makes at its conclusion, which are based on existing principles of international law. It will thus be invaluable not only to international and aviation lawyers, criminal lawyers (both international and national), security professionals and teachers and students of international law, but also to aviation industry executives and regulatory agency specialists whose responsibilities impinge on or are determined by existing and evolving legal and security measures.

This title was first published in 2001. Terrorism is today a global problem and, as was recently demonstrated in Kenya and Tanzania, no country is immune. Terrorism occurs everywhere (villages and cities), it targets innocent people and terrorists who are ideologically opposed to one country can vent their anger against citizens of another. Addressing this crucial issue, this book examines the future of global terrorism by employing the World System's perspectives in the explanation of terrorism and investigating the etiological determinants of international terrorism. It aims to articulate a theoretical explanation of terrorism which will assist the development of practical policies that are effective in counter-terrorism operations. The main features of the book include World System's Theory (WST), the relevance of WST, factors affecting the definition of terrorism, structural terrorism in the WST, application of Fanon, the political dimension of terrorism ideologies, the disadvantages of ideological labels, measuring WST position and the distribution of terrorism, terrorist incidents by WST position of occurrence and WST position of target, labelling terrorism in context, powerism and anti-powerism, racial terrorism and global apartheid and the criminalization of terrorism.

President George W. Bush maintained in his address of 20 September 2001, that the successful prosecution of the war against terrorism will require the judicious use of'every resource at our command - every means of diplomacy, every tool of intelligence, every instrument of law enforcement, every financial influence, and every necessary weapon of war'. Unlike the Cold War, the War on Terrorism is neither a battle against some ideology nor bounded by physical boundaries or conventional political units such as nation-states. The War on Terrorism is the internationalisation, or rather, globalisation of previous wars. Terror is not a nation, and the enemies in such wars are not nations; any regime such as Libya simply by repudiating terrorism, can become an ally of the anti-terror coalition. Regimes that continue to practice terrorism against domestic opponents qualify to participate in the wider war if they conform to certain norms in external affairs. The 28 articles reprinted here consider aspects of that most amorphous of animals - the War on Terrorism. They do not set out to provide all of the answers; nor do they radiate a unified vision of what constitutes the war on terrorism; the pieces begin from a range of political and intellectual outlooks. Taken as a group, however, the difficulties of determining the limits and nature of the war on terrorism receive important attention. The authors address several major themes within the war on terrorism: what falls within its perimeters, its shifting manifestations, implications, responses and future directions.

This book is an attempt to approach the issue of defining international terrorism, proposing that the most workable way to do so is to achieve due balance between the two principal driving forces of international law developments: State sovereignty interests and cosmopolitan ideals.All those who aspire to the promotion of international criminal justice and the fight against impunity agree that the formulation of a universal definition of international terrorism will further enhance the fight against terrorism and offer a universally acceptable legal framework within which this fight can be conducted.Discussed in an in-depth manner are, for instance, the UN Charter Provisions, the Rome Statute and the principle of complementarity, the Kampala amendmentson the crime of aggression, the paradigms of aggression and terrorism, and prominent anti-terrorist Security Council Resolutions such as Resolution 1368 and Resolution 1373.The volume broadens the reader's understanding on how State sovereignty interests and priorities as well as ideals of cosmopolitanism have influenced the development of international law in general and international criminal law in particular. Furthermore, it simplifies the complicated picture of defining international crimes by explaining how the ‘State sovereignty'and ‘Cosmopolitanism'dynamics have also been of relevance throughout the drafting process of the definition of the crime of aggression for the purposes of the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court. In addition, it equips the reader with an understanding of the reasons behind the lack of an international definition for terrorism and suggests an appropriate context within which such a definition can take shape.It intends to appeal to academics and students with an interest in international criminal law and the international criminal justice system, international law and security, but also to anyone with an interest in transnational crime and counter-terrorism. Stella Margariti has recently graduated from the University of Dundee where she attained the title of Doctor from the School of Law.

'It's time that someone broke into the general gloom created by a war-loving administration and reminded us that we are a peace-loving people. Paul Joseph's book does just that, not with fantasy but with facts, showing how the public antipathy to war, suppressed too long by propaganda and deception, is coming to the surface, and offers hope.'Howard Zinn'In this antidote to despair, Joseph shows how even the most sophisticated efforts of US political and military leaders to maintain public support for war are flawed and doomed to failure in the face of an increasingly skeptical public that is unwilling to accept the costs.'William A. Gamson, Boston College'An original and thought-provoking perspective on one of the most important issues in American politics today.'Michael Klare, Hampshire College Are Americans becoming more peaceful -- even after the 2004 elections and the seeming affirmation of the war in Iraq? This book looks at the meaning of peace in the face of war and offers an optimistic interpretation of the public's changing views. US citizens are becoming increasingly uncomfortable with the costs of war that can be measured not just in dollars but in lives and international respect. Americans are becoming ever more resistant to government management of the'facts'surrounding war. In areas ranging from media and photojournalism to gender and casualties, Joseph exposes the reality of popular opposition to war.

Violence is a more and more ubiquitous phenomenon. While a great deal of attention has been paid to certain aspects, terrorism for example, it has not been studied as a political phenomenon in and of itself. In The Legitimization of Violence eight well-known specialists explore various types of violence, from ideological to fundamentalist movements, within a framework of comparative theory.

This unique, historical study explores how states have articulated statements about terrorism since the 1930s and what effect these discourses have had on global politics. Ditrych's analysis challenges established understandings of terrorism, providing a new conceptualization of how terrorism discourse emerged historically.

In Modernity and Terrorism: From Anti-Modernity to Modern Global Terror Milan Zafirovski and Daniel G. Rodeheaver analyze the nature, types, and causes of contemporary global terrorism. The book redefines modern terrorism in a novel more comprehensive manner compared to the previous literature. It examines counter-state and state terrorism, with an emphasis on the latter in light of its scale, persistence, and intensity as well as its relative neglect in the literature. The book identifies and predicts the general cause of most modern terrorism in anti-modernity as the adverse reaction to and reversal of liberal-democratic, secular, rationalistic, and globalized, modernity. In essence, it discovers and predicts anti-liberalism in the form of conservatism as the main source and force of modern terrorism.

A panic surrounds human trafficking and terrorism. The socially constructed'war on terror'and ‘war on trafficking'are linked through discourses that not only combine the two, but help promote an anti-Muslim sentiment. Using ethnographic data and stories, From Trafficking to Terror presents the need to challenge the trafficking and terror paradigm, and rethink approaches to the large scale challenges these discourses have created. This book is ideal for courses on gender, labor, migration, human rights and globalization.

Globale Phänomene wie politische Gewalt oder Terrorismus zu verstehen, ist eine große Herausforderung. Dieses Buch leistet hierzu einen Beitrag, indem die Problematik der Legitimität und Legitimation von Gewalt in den Mittelpunkt gestellt wird. Die Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen Gewalt legitim ist, wird aus der Perspektive der Gewaltakteure gestellt. Denn Legitimität ist keine für immer garantierte Eigenschaft, sondern sie muss stets aufs Neue geschaffen werden. Deshalb müssen sich „Terroristen“ permanent der legitimitätssuchenden Selbstverständigung stellen: die Rechtfertigung des eigenen Gewalthandelns in den Augen der Gemeinschaft. Die Analyse möchte dazu beitragen, politische Gewalt anders sehen zu lernen. Sie ist interdisziplinär angelegt, indem sie Politische Philosophie, verstehende Soziologie und Moralphilosophie integriert.

This is a selection of essays written during the first decade of the twenty-first century, by a figure widely acknowledged as the conscience of European liberalism. In Walter Laqueur's lifetime, there have been more acutely dangerous situations, such as the coming of a world war or the seemingly unstoppable march to victory of totalitarian regimes, than in any other previous epoch. Such immediate dangers may not exist at the present time. But long-term trends are equally or even more threatening, as we now see in the ability of small groups of people, unprecedented in history, to inflict enormous damage. This is the underlying essence of Laqueur's thinking, as expressed in this new volume. As Laqueur observes, one learns from long experience that the worst does not always happen, and if it does, probably not in one's lifetime. Ideas and intellectual fashions emerging from the groves of academe, particularly in America can seem wrongheaded and often out of touch with the real world. This growing isolation causes growing bitterness, alienation, and a feeling of impotence on the part of intellectuals, which turns into greater radicalization and farfetched thinking. Laqueur fortunately does not fall into this trap. The articles and essays selected for this volume deal with a variety of topics. They do not entirely reflect Laqueur's interests, which during this period were more in the cultural field than in politics. However, politics intrude irrespective of the author's predilections. Laqueur deals with unpleasant truths in concrete geopolitical settings, but poignantly takes his stand with the men and women who strive to overcome self-censorship in the search for accurate judgment.

What drives the lone wolf terrorist to commit mass violence? What are their ideologies and motivations? How do they plan and carry out their attacks, and who do they target? How can lone wolf terrorism be effectively countered? One of the first in-depth analyses of lone wolf terrorism, this publication sets out to answer these questions. Drawing on extensive international data and qualitative case studies, it examines the global patterns in and key features of lone wolf terrorism over the past four decades. This engaging text will be essential reading for students and researchers on terrorism and violent conflict and offers unique and invaluable insights to those working to prevent or minimize the effects of terrorism and political violence.

This inspired collection offers a new paradigm for moving the world beyond violence as the first, and often only, response to violence. Through essays and poetry, prayers and meditations, Transforming Terror powerfully demonstrates that terrorist violence—defined here as any attack on unarmed civilians—can never be stopped by a return to the thinking that created it. A diverse array of contributors—writers, healers, spiritual and political leaders, scientists, and activists, including Desmond Tutu, Huston Smith, Riane Eisler, Daniel Ellsberg, Amos Oz, Fatema Mernissi, Fritjof Capra, George Lakoff, Mahmoud Darwish, Terry Tempest Williams, and Jack Kornfield—considers how we might transform the conditions that produce terrorist acts and bring true healing to the victims of these acts. Broadly encompassing both the Islamic and Western worlds, the book explores the nature of consciousness and offers a blueprint for change that makes peace possible. From unforgettable firsthand accounts of terrorism, the book draws us into awareness of our ecological and economic interdependence, the need for connectedness, and the innate human capacity for compassion.

This book focuses on insurgent stateless warfare in its guerrilla and terrorist modes and in its nationalist, maoist and postmaoist phases of modernization. Insurgency is compared with states'warfare and with criminality and then insurgents'motives, means and opportunities are analyzed from social-science, military and environmental perspectives.

This book introduces a constructivist approach to the study of terrorism and shows how language in the media affects our perceptions of'terrorists'and how particular constructions of'terrorist'automatically make certain counter-terrorism policies possible, logical and seemingly appropriate.

Highlights the necessity of activation and building local resources needed for recovery and development at the level of individuals, social systems and structures, social networks, civil society and at the level of the community in general.

Twenty years ago Ulrich Beck published Risk Society, a book that called our attention to the dangers of environmental catastrophes and changed the way we think about contemporary societies. During the last two decades, the dangers highlighted by Beck have taken on new forms and assumed ever greater significance. Terrorism has shifted to a global arena, financial crises have produced worldwide consequences that are difficult to control and politicians have been forced to accept that climate change is not idle speculation. In short, we have come to see that today we live in a world at risk. A new feature of our world risk society is that risk is produced for political gain. This political use of risk means that fear creeps into modern life. A need for security encroaches on our liberty and our view of equality. However, Beck is anything but an alarmist and believes that the anticipation of catastrophe can fundamentally change global politics. We have the opportunity today to reconfigure power in terms of what Beck calls a'cosmopolitan material politics'. World at Risk is a timely and far-reaching analysis of the structural dynamics of the modern world, the global nature of risk and the future of global politics by one of the most original and exciting social thinkers writing today.

Spätestens seit dem 11. September 2001 ist der Terrorismus weltweit in den Blickpunkt der Öffentlichkeit geraten. Es gibt heute nahezu keinen Staat mehr, der bislang von Terroraktionen verschont geblieben ist. Die Motive und Hintergründe des Terrors sind vielfältiger Natur; die Auswirkungen machen sich in fast allen Lebensbereichen bemerkbar. Mit dem verstärkten Auftreten des fundamentalistischen Terrors stieg auch die Berichterstattung in den Medien und die Fülle an Literatur aus diesem Bereich ist kaum mehr überschaubar. Es stellt sich deshalb mit Recht die F- ge, ob ein weiteres Buch über den Terrorismus überhaupt sinnvoll ist. Wir sind der Auffassung, dass gerade aufgrund dieser Informationsfülle das n- wendige Orientierungswissen für den Leser vielfach zu kurz kommt. Aus diesem Grund soll dieses Buch helfen, sich das für diese Thematik notwendige Überblickswissen anzueignen. Der Schwerpunkt wurde dabei vor allem auf die Entwicklungstendenzen, Motive sowie die gesellschaftlichen und ökono- schen Auswirkungen des Terrorismus und des Kampfes gegen den Terror gelegt. Das Phänomen des Terrorismus ist lediglich eine Erscheinungsform in unserer zunehmend komplexer werdenden Welt. Am Umgang mit dieser - sellschaftlichen Herausforderung wird in Hinkunft allerdings der Reifegrad unserer „entwickelten“ Gesellschaft gemessen werden.

'Violent Geographies is essential to understanding how the politics of fear, terror, and violence in being largely hidden geographically can only be exposed in like manner. The'War on Terror'finally receives the coolly critical analysis its ritual invocation has long required.'—John Agnew, Professor of Geography, UCLA'Urgent, passionate and deeply humane, Violent Geographies is uncomfortable but utterly compelling reading. An essential guide to a world splintered and wounded by fear and aggression—this is geography at its most politically engaged, historically sensitive, and intellectually brave.'—Ben Highmore, University of Sussex'This is what a ‘public geography'should be all about: acute analysis of momentous issues of our time in an accessible language. Gregory and Pred have assembled a peerless group of critical geographers whose essays alter conventional understandings of terror, violence, and fear. No mere gazetteer, Violent Geographies shows how place, space and landscape are central components of the real and imagined practices that constitute organised violence past and present. If you thought terror, violence, and fear were the professional preserve of security analysts and foreign affairs experts this book will force you to think again.'—Noel Castree, School of Environment and Development, Manchester University'A studied, passionate and moving examination of the way in which the violent logics of the ‘War on Terror'have so quickly shuttered and reorganized the spaces of this planet on its different scales. From the book emerges a critical new cartography that clearly charts an archipelago of a large multiplicity of ‘wild'and ‘tamed'places as well as ‘black holes'within and between which we all struggle to live.'—Eyal Weizman, Director, Goldsmiths College Centre for Research Architecture

This book is an attempt to clarify the often murky connections between terrorism, terrorists, and terror. It is designed for the general educated audience interested in recent events, the history leading up to them, and the prospects for dealing with the after effects. Using personal accounts from people who have lived through various forms of terror (survivors of the Dresden fire bombing, Hiroshima, the 9/11 attacks, and others) the book explores terror and its use as a weapon. Providing a unique perspective on terrorism, the book places current events within the broader context necessary to understand how we got here and where we are going.

The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.

The book acts as a guide to the images of terrorism that we see daily in the mass media. The author believes that our perceptions of terrorism are formed by the interaction of bureaucratic agencies, academics and private experts. These images and stereotypes that we are offered do not necessarily reflect objective reality.

Undertaken as part of the National Science Foundation's call for research associated with the 9/11 terrorist attacks, this volume contains research that addresses the immediate role and utility of geographical information and technologies in emergency management. It also initiates an on-going process to help develop a focused national research agenda on the geographical dimensions of terrorism. Areas covered include: geospatial data and technologies infrastructure research, root causes of terrorism, and vulnerability science and hazard research.

The abduction of Western citizens by Hizb'Allah was motivated either by internal organisational requirements or in alignment with Syrian and Iranian interests, and mechanisms for the resolution of the hostage-crisis were subject to continuous interaction between Hizb'Allah, Iran, and Syria influenced by internal Lebanese, regional, and international events. The Western responses to the hostage-crisis showed limited effectiveness as the crisis management techniques were poorly adjusted in timing and direction to the actual crisis environment. With the exception of the French response, the overall employment of Western crisis management techniques showed disregard for the opportunities and constraints in the fluctuating relationship between Syria and Iran as well as the political environment within Lebanon which the Hizb'allah operates and exists. This was clear by their failure to rely on either Iran or Syria as the only channel in negotiations over hostages without regard to their individual ability to exert its influence over the Lebanese movement in accordance with shifts in their ties to Hizb'allah's command leadership between 1987-1991 and to the status of the Iranian-Syrian relationship over time, as displayed by the friction between 1986-92. This study provides a new approach in the study of terrorism by merging a case-study of the dynamics of the Lebanese hostage-crisis with an evaluation of Western responses through crisis management techniques in order to more closely resolve the dilemma of the fulfilment of these states'duty to protect their citizens taken hostage abroad, without major sacrifices in the conduct of foreign policy.