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This is the first book to systematically track postwar changes in family formation in Western Europe and the United States. Cohabitation and motherhood outside of marriage have become more widespread at the same time that women's social roles are evolving. Women are attaining higher levels of education, marrying at an older age, more frequently working outside the home, and have more reproductive freedom due to new advances in contraception. In this original collection of essays, sociologists and demographers from eight Western European countries and the United States use longitudinal data to compare national variations and explain the connection between the new role of women and family formation in postwar society. The contributors provide a thorough review of the social demographic literature to advance a variety of hypotheses about the relationships between changing women's education and family formation outcomes, which are empirically examined and compared across countries.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com.Across the social sciences, there is widespread agreement that quantitative longitudinal research designs offer analysts powerful scientific data resources. But, to date, many texts on analysing longitudinal social analysis surveys have been written from a statistical, rather than a social science data analysis perspective and they lack adequate coverage of common practical challenges associated with social science data analyses. This book provides a practical and up-to-date introduction to influential approaches to quantitative longitudinal data analysis in the social sciences. The book introduces definitions and terms, explains the relative attractions of such a longitudinal design, and offers an introduction to the main techniques of analysis, explaining their requirements, statistical properties and their substantive contribution. The book is designed for postgraduates and researchers across the social sciences considering the use of quantitative longitudinal data resources in their research. It will also be an excellent text for undergraduate and postgraduate courses on advanced quantitative methods.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. This volume offers a new introduction to an evolving research method in the social sciences. Qualitative Longitudinal (QL) research is conducted through time. In its qualitative dimensions it opens up the potential to'think dynamically'in creative, flexible and innovative ways. QL enquiry is rooted in a long-established tradition of qualitative temporal research, spanning the fields of social anthropology, sociological re-studies and biographical research. But over the past two decades, a growing body of scholarship has begun to document this approach and explore its theoretical underpinnings. This in turn has fuelled a growing interest in and rapid uptake of QL methodology across the disciplines and in international context. This practical volume will be a first port of call for students and researchers wishing to use QL research in their own projects. The chapters follow a logical development, from conceptual and methodological foundations, to research practice and ethics, to the generation and analysis of data. Each chapter offers practical examples drawn from the research field to illustrate key themes and the rich possibilities for new applications.

Die vorliegende Festschrift würdigt die wissenschaftliche Karriere von Hans-Jürgen Andreß, während der er die Methodenentwicklung im Bereich längsschnittlicher Analysemethoden geprägt und einflussreiche empirische Studien zu Armut, Ungleichheit und den Folgen kritischer Lebensereignisse vorgelegt hat. Der Band vereint nun diese Aspekte und versammelt empirische Studien, welche auf Basis längsschnittlicher analytischer Designs verschiedene Formen sozialer Ungleichheit in Deutschland untersuchen. In unterschiedlichen thematischen Feldern erarbeiten die Beiträge Erklärungen für Ungleichheitspositionen und untersuchen insbesondere deren Einbettung in den Lebensverlauf. Neben ihrem konkreten empirischen Forschungsbeitrag demonstrieren die Studien damit gleichzeitig die analytischen Potentiale längsschnittlicher Designs und der vorhandenen längsschnittlichen Dateninfrastruktur in Deutschland. Die HerausgeberProf. Dr. Marco Giesselmann ist Juniorprofessor an der Universität Bielefeld und Mitarbeiter des DIW Berlin.Prof. Dr. Katrin Golsch ist Professorin für Quantitative Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung und Sozialstrukturanalyse am Institut für Sozialwissenschaften der Universität Osnabrück.Prof. Dr. Henning Lohmann ist Professur für Soziologie am Fachbereich Sozialökonomie der Universität Hamburg.Dr. Alexander Schmidt-Catran ist akademischer Rat am Institut für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (ISS) an der Universität zu Köln.

This open access book examines health trajectories and health transitions at different stages of the life course, including childhood, adulthood and later life. It provides findings that assess the role of biological and social transitions on health status over time.The essays examine a wide range of health issues, including the consequences of military service on body mass index, childhood obesity and cardiovascular health, socio-economic inequalities in preventive health care use, depression and anxiety during the child rearing period, health trajectories and transitions in people with cystic fibrosis and oral health over the life course. The book addresses theoretical, empirical and methodological issues as well as examines different national contexts, which help to identify factors of vulnerability and potential resources that support resilience available for specific groups and/or populations. Health reflects the ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment. This book analyzes health as a dynamic experience. It examines how different aspects of individual health unfold over time as a result of aging but also in relation to changing socioeconomic conditions. It also offers readers potential insights into public policies that affect the health status of a population.

This volume brings together a sample of the best of the studies that illustrate two recent trends in research on deviant behavior. The first of these trends is the investigation of deviant behavior in longitudinal perspective. Panels of subjects are followed over long periods of time to establish temporal relationships be­ tween deviant behavior and the antecedents and consequences of deviant behav­ ior. The second trend in contemporary research on deviance is the recognition of the association among forms of deviant behavior such as violence, drug abuse, and theft. The recognition of the covariation among forms of deviance stimulated questions regarding the nature of the relationships among multiple forms of de­ viance. Is one form of deviant behavior a cause or a consequence of other forms of deviant behavior? What variables mediate and moderate such causal relation­ ships? Do different forms of deviant behavior have common antecedents and consequences? Independent of the foregoing relationships, do particular forms of deviant behavior have unique antecedents and consequences? The eight original research studies that, along with the introduction and overview, constitute this volume are based on data drawn from among the most influential longitudinal studies in the general area of deviant behavior. These studies variously consider common and pattern-specific antecedents and conse­ quences, reciprocal influences, and intervening and moderating variables in causal relationships among drug use, crime, and other forms of deviance.

This volume is about understanding the relationship between deviance and selected correlates of deviance in one generation and deviance and its selected correlates in the next generation. By examining the significance of these constructs in the parental generation as part of the explanation for the same constructs in the child's generation, we contribute to an und- standing of the phenomena. This contribution, however, is quite limited in the sense that we are examining in essence bivariate relationships—the association between first-generation and second-generation phenomena— while ignoring all of the other influences on the second-generation p- nomena that do not stem from or account for the intergenerational relationship. Nevertheless, the study of intergenerational parallelism of deviance and its correlates justifiably has excited attention and resulted in a vo- minous literature greater than might have been expected for any parti- lar bivariate relationships because of the mystique surrounding ideas—cycle of violence, reproduction of culture, to name but a few—that are evoked by consideration of the association between such phenomena in one generation and the same phenomena in a successive generation.

One of the major changes in the social science research landscape in recent years has been the introduction of computerised panel surveys in Europe and the US which make longitudinal data widely available to graduate students for the first time. Elisabetta Ruspini here provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to the issues involved in this kind of research. This book:• Defines the concept of longitudinal research• Gives guidance on sources of longitudinal data in Europe and the US and their strengths and weaknesses• Discusses the choices that need to be made in this kind of research - for instance the advantages and disadvantages of certain types of research data and of different types of analysis• Highlights some of the problems involved, e.g. the issue of comparability within longitudinal research

In recent years researchers have asserted that the once-salient distinctions between not-for-profit and for-profit hospitals are quickly eroding. These converging outcomes represent a striking departure from past differences. Historically, not-for-profit hospitals were larger and treated a higher proportion of seriously ill patients than for-profit hospitals. Not-for-profit hospitals also had larger medical staffs and offered greater opportunities for medical training. Researchers have vigorously debated the implications of the fading distinction between for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals. As these researchers note, numerous communities support not-for-profit hospitals with tax-payer dollars, income and property-tax exclusions and tax-free financing and contributions. Many are concerend that not-for-profit hospitals will jettison community service in an attempt to reduce operating costs. Despite such important implications this literature is full of philosophical discussions, typically employing limited empirical data, limited time frames and limited consideration of the hospital environment. This limited consideration of environmental factors (i.e. policy, supply and demand) leaves an important question unanswered: How do environmental factors combine to produce the narrowing distinction between not-for-profit and for-profit hospitals? Potter's book examines the claims of a narrowing distinction between not-for-profit and for-profit hospitals by analyzing short-term general hospital outcomes in the 48 contiguous states over a fifteen-year period in conjunction with various environmental factors. In particular, this book analyzes the claims of a declining distinction between hospital types by focusing on both hospital efficiency and community service outcomes. It examines whether the efficiency and community service outcomes of not-for-profit and for-profit hospitals have converged, finding that hospital type was most significant in explaining the variance in hospital outcomes in the early 1980s than in the mid-1980s and early 1990s. The story is quite different when we examine community-service outcomes. In particular, Potter does not find evidence that hospitals are reducing their provision of community care in an effort to reduce expenses.