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The general characteristics of the decades after the last World War, so far as the human situation goes, include two phenomena: these decades are marked by man's dissatisfaction with himself, his confession of ignorance of himself, his anxiety about his future, and also his earnest search for the ground of his being, which can give him a feeling of security with reference to his life here and hereafter; they are also marked by man's pride about his achievements in science and tech­ nology, a hope of a better life on earth, and a faith in himself as capable of engineering the individual and society for realizing peace, harmony, and happiness for all men. The contemporary thinking man is conscious of the predicament these two kinds of characteristics have created for him, admits failures, hopes for improvements, and works for them. In carrying out this work, he has to and wants to know what human life is, what the meaning and purpose of life are, and why his struggles and achievements have not succeeded in giving every man a reasonable amount of comfort and happiness. He has come to realize also that the accumulation of material comforts does not necessarily lead to happi­ ness, although happiness for man - except for the monk, fakir, or sannyiisin - is not possible without material comforts. Here we have the problem.

BY G. W. LOCHER Some years ago, in a discussion of the modern concept of structure, Levi-Strauss contended that the extraordinarily widespread employment of the term'structure'since 1930 reflected a rediscovery of the concept and the term rather than the continuation of a prior usage. This assertion may be correct in general, but it does not apply to the N ether­ lands, at least nOlI: so far as the concept of structure is concerned. The transmission of the concept in that country can in fact be quite easily traced. It began in 1917 with the publication by van Ossenbruggen of a study of the Javanese notion of montja-pat,l a paper which was in­ fluenced to a high degree by the famous monograph by Durkheim and Mauss,'De quelques formes primitives de classification', which had been published at the beginning of the century. 2 An even clearer structural approach is to be found in the extensive Leiden thesis of 3 W. H. Rassers, De Pandji-Roman. This dissertation itself refers with particular emphasis to van Ossenbruggen's paper and to the monograph by Durkheim and Mauss, as well as to various other publications by them. The,studies later made by Rassers were also of such a kind that when a collection of them was published in English in 1959, under the title Panji, The Culture Hero, 4 they were aptly subtitled'A Structural Study of Religion in Java'.

Soviet philosophy can no longer be ignored by any serious student of contemporary thought. It is the work of academic philosophers who, on the whole, are neither more nor less competent than their colleagues in the free world. They have, however, inherited a reputation for the dogmatic repetip. on of superannuated doctrines. This reputation, en­ gendered by poor work under political pressure, was justified until about the mid-fifties. However, in the mid-sixties, when declining pressures make for the toleration of a wider scale of qualified opinion, it is no longer that. The present survey of Soviet thought in the mid-sixties, comprising papers by Western specialists in its major domains, gives an up-to-date account of an impressive field of philosophical endeavor which, awakened from dogmap'c slumbers, rapidly gains in interest and encourages hopes of becoming a valuable component in the vast complex of contemporary philosophy. The studies on Soviet logic and atheism have originally appeared in a special issue of Inquiry (Vol. 9,1) devoted to philosophy in Eastern Europe and edited by the present writer on behalf of Professor Arne Naess. The other papers of this volume are reprinted from Studies in Soviet Thought, the only Western philosophical review entirely dedicated to systematic studies in this field. The necessary permissions by editors and publishers have been granted and are gratefully acknowledged. ER VIN LASZLO v CONTENTS INTRODUCTION J. M.

It is possible that there once was a time when scholars used to sit isolated with their cogitations in their attics, emerging now and then to publish their latest e- dite offerings which no one had ever thought of before. If such a time did once - ist, it certainly does so no longer. Writing a scientific or scholarly book in our era is to a large extent a team effort in which your team members are continually changing and you are unceasingly grateful for the privilege of enjoying and be- fiting from the exertions, ideas, comments and support of a large number of very able people. Scientific and scholarly work nowadays is a process impossible wi- out the existence and use of social capital. This book is no exception to the above stated. There are very many colleagues (some of them referees and thus anonymous) and friends who have made the book possible. The foremost of these is Roger Bolton, with whom I wrote my first paper on social capital. Most of that paper has found its way into various passages of this book, while Chapter 6, Social Capital and Entrepreneurship, comes almost c- pletely from Roger's pen. Thank you, Roger, for letting me use your text! The empirical studies of the biotech industries of Japan, California and Sweden would have been impossible without a great deal of help.

­This book discusses how cities'identities are formed and developed over time and portrays architecture and the arts as the embodiment of the historical, cultural, and economic characteristics of cities. Furthermore, it explores strategies and solutions to preserve the cultural heritage along the Silk Road, representing a compilation of research addressing the economic and social opportunities and challenges related to the development of a more sustainable and responsible approach to tourism development and the preservation of heritage. As such, it covers a wide range of audiences including economists, architects, planners, tourism experts, and decision-makers interested in making use of cities'available resources and features, offering strategies to explore development opportunities through sustainable and responsible tourism along the Silk Road. ­ This book is a culmination of selected research papers from the first version of the International Conference on'Silk Road Sustainable Tourism Development and Cultural Heritage (SRSTDCH)'which was held in 2021 in collaboration with Aristotle University of ­ Thessaloniki, the European Interdisciplinary Silk Road Tourism Centre, Greece and the 5th Edition of the International Conference on “Cities'Identity ­Through Architecture and Arts (CITAA)” which was held in 2021 in collaboration with University of Pisa, Italy.

Early in 1958 a number of research projects on Soviet philosophy were started at the Institute of East-European Studies at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) under the direction of the undersigned. At present, they are all completed or nearly so and their results are described in 18 different volumes. In spite of the fact that all of them have been already published or soon will be (mostly in German), it has been thought worthwhile to present their main conclusions in the form of short English reports. This book contains in the main these reports. Only the two programmatic papers (my own and that of Dr. Buchholz) and the study of Dr. Dahm are not direct results of the above-mentioned projects. But it will be clear to everyone that they, too, are closely connected with the subject envisaged and are written from a similar point of view. It will, perhaps, be convenient to briefly formulate this standpoint. All the writings included here are concerned with recent (i. e. mainly post­ Stalinist) developments in Soviet philosophy, where'Soviet'is taken in the wide meaning of the word, covering also Marxism-Leninism in Communist countries other than the Soviet Union. All the authors started with the assumption that there are interesting aspects to these more recent developments. There was also a common assumption that only specialized work on first-hand sources can be of relevance in this field.

The aim of this enterprise is to assemble together in one volume works on various syntactic aspects of Arabic and Hebrew, in the hope that it will spur further comparative work within the Semitic family at the level of richness achieved in other language families such as Germanic and Romance. Although a substantial amount of work on the syntax of Arabic and Hebrew already exists in various forms, volumes of the type we have attempted are still practically non-existent. Moreover, apart from some notable exceptions, existing studies rarely take a systematic within-family comparative stance towards the phenomena they discuss, although cross-references between studies on Arabic and Hebrew are not uncommon. Obviously, we would ideally have preferred the volume to include papers on numerous other Semitic languages, including the languages of the Ethio­ Semitic branch as well as numerous spoken varieties of Arabic that have yet to be explored. Unfortunately, this was not possible due to circumstances beyond our control. We very much hope that the existence of this volume will make more inclusive volumes on the syntax of the Semitic languages only a matter of time.

1 The significance of the two papers by B. V. Birjukov on Frege within Soviet studies on logic and its history is indicated by G. 1. Ruzavin and P. V. Tavanec in their article'Fundamental Periods in the Evolution of Formal Logic'in the collective volume Philo­ 2 sophical Questions of Contemporary Formal Logic. There (page 18) while the organization of'systematic studies on history of logic'is proposed as'one of the fundamental tasks for Marxist logicians', reference is made to a series of recent publications which suggest that such a task is already being accomplished. These are A. S. 3 Axmanov's The Logical Doctrine of Aristotle, v. F. Asmus''Criticism of the Bourgeois Idealist Logical Doctrine in the Era of Imperia­ lism'4, in Voprosy Logiki (Logical Questions), P. S. Popov's A 5 History of Modern Logic and B. V. Birjukov's'G. Frege's Theory of Sense'in the collective work Applications of Logic in Science and 6 Technology. In this book, published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, in a printing of 10 000 copies, Birjukov's article fills 56 pages. Before this one, however, Birjukov published another study on Frege:'On Frege's Works on Philosophical Problems of Mathe­ matics'in the collective volume Philosophical Questions of Natural Sciences 7, published in a printing of 8000 copies by the Moscow University Press. This article fills 45 pages.

This first of two volumes explores how contemporary Asian popular culture reflects and critiques social issues. The authors, from different scholarly backgrounds, examine how shows like Squid Game present a scathing critique of oppressive socio-economic structures, conceptualize national heterotopias, utopias, and dystopias, and facilitate understanding of identity formation and discourses of resistance. The volume encompasses chapters discussing themes that intersect gender, race, politics, and social dynamics. It showcases ongoing developments in Asian popular culture in the wake of the global popularity of Squid Game and in anticipation of its second season release in December 2024.

This book is a theoretical study of China's maritime development and maritime humanities and social sciences, as well as a study of China's maritime historiography. China is a large country with both land and sea, rich in biodiversity, and the ocean is an important environment for the Chinese nation to survive and thrive. In history, the Chinese nation has developed its own maritime economy, maritime society and maritime humanistic model. As a natural body, the ocean treats all littoral nations equally, and it is neither open nor closed to any one of them. Due to the different maritime environments, the ways the coastal nations adapt vary accordingly; hence the maritime culture is characterized by plurality and diversity. The contacts and exchanges between maritime civilizations in history are riddled with misunderstandings, exclusions, conflicts, and confrontations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop dialogues among varied maritime civilizations of varied countries, which, as a result, will develop together through mutual tolerance, seek common ground while shelving differences, and extract the idea of maritime civilization for all mankind through mutual learning and complementing each other.

This edited volume is first of its kind to document and critically analyse the changes took place snice China's opening-up and reform and its impact on Dongbei, China's North-East region, known for its remote and vast landscape, unique and othered culture, rich resources, mighty infrastructures and industries, geopolitical significance. Through presenting up-to-date and multidimensional case studies, the book covers three major aspects of Dongbei, which put people at the heart of our scholarly focus, namely people's mediated life through traditional and new media; people's social, cultural, and living spaces; artistic and fictional representations of people's everyday life.

Heritage in Eight Acts brings together contributions on cultural heritage at an international level with an emphasis on Latin American and Ibero-American studies, addressing points of convergence between the local and the global in an accessible and direct way. It discusses themes that have gained importance on the heritage preservation agenda, signaling how Latin America and Europe have expanded their connections and actions in favor of the multiplicity of heritage. Eight scholars from diverse backgrounds bring critical and nuanced understandings of heritage to the context of international relations. From architecture to history and from archeology to art history, each contribution displays methodological creativity and analytical depth. The result is a synthesis with the impact of showing how points of connection can bring Latin America closer to Europe, but not from a relationship of subalternity, but of shared protagonism.

This second of two volumes explores broader cultural, economic, and socio-political dynamics exchanged between Asian popular media and the world. The authors analyze how the said media navigate complex global markets and technological advancements. They discuss how dissemination and consumption of Asian popular culture, such as early Chinese-language movie theaters, Netflix, subtitling of Asian content, impact the popularity of cultural contents. They also examine the portrayal of ajummas (middle-aged women) in Korean TV and film, along with the varying representations of utopia and dystopia embedded in Asian science fiction. This volume illustrates the soft power of media in transnational exchanges.

Seit 2015 wird die arabischsprachige YouTube-Sphäre von saudischen Influencer•innen dominiert. Sie orientieren sich an globalen Standards, die Sabrina Zahren als „globalen Konsens“ bezeichnet. Die Akteur•innen sind zudem in regionale Mediensysteme eingebettet, über die sie in Werbe- und Marketingstrukturen und, auf lokaler Ebene, in Nation-Branding-Strategien eingebunden werden. Diese Schlüsselaspekte, die „soziale Medien“ als Teil des digitalen Kapitalismus verorten, haben in den Studien zu arabischen Medien aus methodologischen und theoretischen Gründen bisher eher wenig Aufmerksamkeit bekommen. Das vorliegende Buch entwickelt daher eine hybride Perspektive, die die politische Ökonomie der digitalen Plattformen im Golf genauso mit einbezieht wie den Blick auf Influencer•innen und Creator Culture. Dazu wurden unter anderem fast 400 Videos kommerziell erfolgreicher saudischer YouTube-Kanäle qualitativ und quantitativ ausgewertet. Zudem zeichnet das Buch die Geschichte der Plattform YouTube in der Region nach und nimmt die Zusammenarbeit regionaler digitaler Industrien mit Tech-Konzernen des globalen Nordens (z.B. Google) genauer unter die Lupe.

Diese Arbeit analysiert Entstehungspunkte des ökonomischen Modellierens in kolonialen Kontexten zwischen dem frühen 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. In drei Fallstudien rekonstruiert Lukas Helbich die offenkundigen und weniger offensichtlichen Spuren des Kolonialismus in den Verfahren, Formen und Inhalten ökonomischen Modellierens avant la lettre. Ökonomisches Modellieren wurde im kolonialen Kontext eingeübt und erprobt, Kolonien fungierten für die untersuchten Autoren Richard Cantillon, Victor Riquetti de Mirabeau und Thomas Robert Malthus als Proto-Modelle des ökonomischen Modellierens.

This second edition of Happiness Across Cultures contains 8 brand new chapters on previously uncovered topics, such as Covid19, refugees, and violence. Different cultures experience happiness differently. Traditionally, the West is considered materialistic, and happiness is said to come from achievement and acquisition. The East is said to be more people-oriented, where happiness is a result of deep personal interactions. Thus, poor people can be happier in the East than the West, because they are not so concerned with possession and more with society. This new edition considers happiness and quality of life in non-Western countries and cultures. Its coverage is now more diverse and spans the breadth of the non-Western world, revealing unique perspectives of happiness and life quality embedded in rich cultural traditions and histories.

Ancient Salt Roads of China is the most comprehensive book to date on the transportation routes of the ancient Chinese salt industry and offers complete coverage of extant research on the spread of the salt industry culture. It reconstructs the distribution of the salt industry and salt economy in nine salt districts and four regions (north, east, west and south) in ancient China, and analyzes the distribution of their respective salt transportation routes, covering the geographical scope of China's 18 provinces and four municipalities directly under the Central Government. Working from this basis, it then comprehensively applies research methods from various disciplines such as architecture, history, and sociology to explore how regional culture penetrates through salt as a medium, the relationship between the outside and the inside of salt communication, and the scope of salt transportation in connection with cultural boundaries. The book offers a wealth of novel perspectives, innovative methods, and sound conclusions.

This Open access book is a collection of interviews published by China News Service, a Beijing-based news agency, in its “West-East Talk” column. It has been divided into five sections: “Mutual Learning Among Civilizations,” “Hot Issues,” “About China,” “Sino-U.S. Relations” and “Cultural Collision”. The interviews are with more than 50 eminent scholars, scientists, politicians, authors, etc., from different parts of the world as well as China, who have an association with China and see the real China beyond the stereotypes. Besides current global issues, the book also covers Chinese culture, history as well as China-U.S. relations, described as one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world today. The book aims to build a platform for dialogue among different civilizations and appreciate the “harmony within diversity” of different cultures, especially of the East and West. We hope it will foster tolerance and rationality, dispelling the misconceptions about China inparticular.

Forderungen an eine deutsche Auswärtige Kulturpolitik, die sich nicht mehr an nationalstaatlichen Interessen, sondern an geteilter Verantwortung orientiert, sind allgegenwärtig. In diesem Kontext leistet die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung einen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag zur Auswärtigen Kulturpolitik in der Welterbekonvention. Constanze Metzger analysiert die außenkulturpolitische Entwicklung Deutschlands in der UNESCO bis 1972 – dem Jahr, in dem die Welterbekonvention verabschiedet wurde. Sie evaluiert Wechselwirkungen zwischen nationalstaatlichen Interessen und transnationalen Zielen in der Konvention und verdeutlicht Interdependenzen von Politik und Kultur, die sowohl Konfliktpotentiale als auch Kooperationsmöglichkeiten zum Kulturerbeschutz bieten. Auf diesen Erkenntnissen aufbauend wird die praktische Umsetzung transnationaler und grenzüberschreitender Welterbestätten am Beispiel des deutsch-polnischen Muskauer Parks untersucht. Die Autorin beantwortet die Frage, ob hier das Nationale aufgelöst und dadurch Weltkulturerbe ohne Grenzen geschützt wird. Daraus resultierend schlägt die Autorin Desiderata einer transnationalen Auswärtigen Kulturpolitik vor.

This book enables readers to understand contemporary Japanese society and culture. Since it is written by experts, it allows readers to start with any chapters they are interested in. It also provides a unique way to introduce Japanese society and culture to those who have never visited or studied Japanese society by reading articles from various authors on topics such as gender, family, economy, natural disasters and politics and laws. It provides scholars, academics, graduate students and the general educated audience all the information required to understand contemporary Japanese society and culture fully and see the diverse perspectives available.

Myanmar has faced numerous divisions that hinder its democratization and peacebuilding processes since emerging out of decades of military dictatorship. The coup d'état in 2021 terminated Myanmar's limited and nascent democratization under the civilian leadership of the National League for Democracy (NLD); not only did the coup regime resurface old struggles, but also created new ones. Against the backdrop of Myanmar's changing political landscapes from military to quasi-civilian to civilian rule in 2016, and back to military rule in 2021, the book discusses the various forms of interconnected struggles, both old and new. In this process, the contributed chapters come together to highlight the changing dynamics of stakeholders, relations between agents and beneficiaries, and the generated evolutionary processes in Myanmar's democratization and its reversal. This book brings an even mix of researchers both within and outside of Myanmar to critically discuss how different agents and their interactions, in the form of center-periphery as well as state-non-state relations, continuously shape today's political landscape. Its interdisciplinary composition also invites readers from various backgrounds to grasp with engaged research that identifies the various challenges and addresses ways in which to facilitate change from local and international perspectives.

Afrika ist ein Kontinent im Aufschwung, der eine große wirtschaftliche Dynamik entwickelt. Wenn deutsche Unternehmen am Aufschwung Afrikas partizipieren wollen, müssen sie mit einigen Besonderheiten vertraut sein. Das Buch zeigt diesen Weg zu erfolgreichen Geschäften in Afrika. Es ist ein praxisorientierter, gleichwohl wissenschaftlich fundierter Ratgeber für alle Unternehmer und wirtschaftlich Interessierten, die in Afrika erfolgreich sein wollen. Es vereint dabei die Erfahrungen vieler Unternehmen mit der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive und den Erkenntnissen des Centre for Business und Technology in Africa der Hochschule Flensburg.In der 2. Auflage werden neue Entwicklungen auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent aufgegriffen und aktuelle Antworten gegeben auf die klassischen Fragen, die jeder Akteur für sich beantworten muss, der in Afrika wirtschaftlich erfolgreich sein will: WARUM Afrika für das Geschäft interessant ist, WO die größten Erfolgsaussichten bestehen, WIE vorzugehen ist und WELCHE Ansätze zur künftigen Gestaltung der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Afrika erfolgsvorsprechend sind.Das Buch beschreibt, wie in Afrika investiert werden kann und bündelt die aktuellen Erfahrungen von Managern großer Konzerne und Familienunternehmen mit langjähriger Geschichte auf dem Kontinent.

The present book examines cultural diversities of Northeast India. The sixteen essays included in the volume cover various aspects of cultural forms and their practices among the communities of Northeast. The present volume is expected to serve as a bridge between vanishing cultural forms and their commodification, on the one hand, and their cultural ritual origins, evolution and significance in identity formation, on the other. The book analyses continuity of cultural forms, their representations and often their reinventions under globalisation. Further, the book underlines historical forces such as colonialism and religious conversion that have transformed communities and their cultural practices. Yet some of the pre-colonial, ritual-performative traditions hold on. Through insightful analyses, this book offers an informed view of the region's historical, ethnic and cultural practices. It is expected that the volume will be useful for scholars and students interested in Northeast studies.

The 2030 agenda for development, or what is known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is perhaps the most ambitious agenda collectively agreed upon by 193 countries in human history. Yet, the framers of the 2030 agenda for development forgot to dedicate one goal focused on the role of communication in achieving the SDGs. Such oversight has attracted the attention of media and communication scholars alike, journalists, and policymakers who understand that it is nearly impossible to achieve the SDGs without the articulation and embrace of the role of communication in development. Volume 2 provides in-depth and specific explorations into regional perspectives concerning communication and the SDGs, with research on a rich array of sources, including Latin America, Africa, Australia, as well as special cases relating to timely studies such as social media, COVID-19, marginalized voices, and women's equality.

Border Urbanism presents a global array of authors'research that tackles the perception, interpretation, and nature of borders from a transdisciplinary perspective. The authors examine ways in which borders attempt to define socially, economically, politically, and historically incompatible systems, from micro neighbourhoods to global macro territories, and how this blurs urban order that results in an absence of cohesion. Their analysis of contextual worldwide settings considers the unique issues and the broad scope of forces that shape borders and separate socioeconomic, political, cultural, and historical polarities. The authors consider ways in which the resulting urban border conditions determine the mobility of goods, resources, and people and how these delineations define relationships that influence geopolitical relationships, socioeconomic transactions, and people's lives at multiple levels. They address the temporal issues defined by a variety of unique urban conditions that result from these lateral thresholds. Each chapter contributes to a critical discourse of the subject of border urbanism and the phenomenon created by separation, demarcation, and segregation as well as by conflict and coexistence. The transdisciplinary approach of Border Urbanism ensures that it will be of interest to individuals across a spectrum of professions and disciplines. Professionals such as urban planners, designers, architects, developers, and civil and environmental engineers and students of these disciplines will be particularly interested as will allied professionals and those not traditionally associated with urbanism; these include artists, sociologists, historians, lawyers, politicians, and civic and government leaders. The authors'global perspectives, combined with their expertise in environmental, historical, cultural, social, political, and geographic areas, will appeal to anyone interested in border urbanism and its intersection with these areas.

Africa is a continent on the upswing, developing great economic momentum. If German companies want to participate in Africa's upswing, they need to be familiar with some special features. This book shows the way to successful business in Africa. It is a practical, yet scientifically based guide for all entrepreneurs and economically interested parties who want to be successful in Africa. It combines the experience of many companies with the scientific perspective and findings of the Centre for Business and Technology in Africa at Flensburg University of Applied Sciences.In the 2nd edition new developments on the African continent are taken up and current answers are given to the classical questions, which each actor must answer for itself, which wants to be economically successful in Africa: WHY Africa is interesting for the business, WHERE the largest chances of success exist, HOW to proceed and WHICH approaches for the future organization of the economic relations betweenGermany and Africa are promising.The book describes how to invest in Africa and bundles the current experiences of managers of large corporations and family businesses with a long history on the continent.

This book describes the geography of Uzbekistan and its unique history and culture. It focuses on the development of Uzbekistan as a result of its location on the crossroads of the Silk Road. The influence of global and regional environmental challenges on the current landscape and similar issues are discussed and analyzed from a historical perspective. Contemporary tensions and reforms in social, economical and cultural life are described with the aim to draw a picture of modern paths to transformation and development. The Geography of Uzbekistan includes also information on geology, nature and natural resources, in particular water. The book discusses the social and environmental impacts of the Aral Sea disaster and shows new paths of transformation and development for this Central Asian country.

This book provides a comparative and contemporary account of social stratification in the Central European states of Czechia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia (the Visegrad Four – V4 group), and also by contrast with Austria. It looks at the shared history of these countries as part of the erstwhile Austro-Hungarian Empire. While the V4 states experienced, for decades, the regressive authoritarian Soviet rule, Austria escaped this fate. The question is how some common historical roots, impact of the communist regime, and transition paths have shaped the specific social structures of V4 countries which differ despite belonging to a relatively homogeneous region. The book examines the changes and developments through analyses of large comparative surveys and other data collected after 1990, most notably using the European Union's survey “Statistics on Income and Living Conditions” (EU-SILC) that has been fielded since 2005. The book starts with an outline of the long-term developmentsin key social structure dimensions which occurred during the post-communist transition. The analytical chapters then discuss topics previously not much examined in social stratification perspective: subjective well-being, couples'status, cultural activities and differences among retirees. This book is intended for social scientists working on stratification research, and, specifically, V4 societies and politics.

This book, bringing together a multi-voiced dialogue between academic scholars and professionals from diverse fields, shares a comprehensive and heterogeneous look at the interdisciplinarity of Galician Studies while examining a chronologically broad range of subjects from the 1800s to the present. This volume carves out a distinct approach to gender studies investigating issues of culture, language, displacement, counterculture artists, and community projects as related to questions of politics, gender and class. Women, conceived as both individual and political bodies, are studied, among other things, as an example of what it means to struggle from the margins emphasizing the importance of looking at the opposition between the center and the peripheries when studying the relationship between space and culture.

This book covers many aspects of innovation theory, evolutionary economics, economic geography, and simulation models. It is one of the first books to comprehensively and systematically focus on the evolution of regional innovation based on provincial experience in emerging economics, including stylized facts, theoretical explanation, and simulation. The book is devoted to a pioneering process-based regional innovation matrix used for classifying a regional innovation model, which is illustrated by real-world cases and data analyses. The topics addressed here include path dependency, lock-in, routines, variations, selectivity, regional gap, innovation progress, agglomeration, and innovation efficiency. The simulation methods describing the dynamics of regional innovation evaluation on economics are developed as well. The primary objective of this work is to provide a tractable and useful regional governance tool for researchers and policy makers in regional science, human geography,and related disciplines. The book is highly recommended to readers who seek more insight into the continuous development of China or regional development gaps.

This book offers the first comprehensive collection of essays on the key concepts of Kitaro Nishida (1870-1945), the father of modern Japanese philosophy and founder of the Kyoto School. The essays analyze several of the major philosophical concepts in Nishida, including pure experience, absolute will, place, and acting intuition. They examine the meaning and positioning of Nishida's philosophy in the history of philosophy, as well as in the contemporary world, and discuss the relevance of his philosophy in the present context. The book next looks at the significance of Nishida's philosophy in the wider contexts of science, arts, and religion. The book includes a glossary of key terms that have been translated in a unified manner throughout the volume.

This book examines the cultural articulation of Spanish History (and histories (remembered, meaningful experiences). It analyzes how real people and fictional characters experience the rupture of post-war repression, as their vindicating collective memory counters the authoritarian narrative and laws that demonized and criminalized them. The book, that breaks the persistent cycle of denial of Francoist malfeasance, is a resource for scholars and students who research the representation of Spain's dictatorship, its aftermath and the recovery of postdictatorial memory.

In this collective work, researchers from different disciplines reflect upon the challenges and opportunities of decolonizing transpacific studies through the lens of a few paradigmatic case-studies that deal with connections between East Asia and Latin America. The present book offers a productive problematization of the idea of the transpacific as a concept and a space that is not restricted to a single definition. We defend that the transpacific can instead promote an understanding of agents and experiences that share many common traits that have been generally overlooked by a hegemonic interpretation of knowledge and the relationship between regions.By fostering an environment that not only accepts a plurality of views but that actively looks to accommodate analogous, tangential, and even contradicting approaches to the study of our ideas, we seek a double objective. First, we hope to highlight precisely the richness within the idea of the transpacific, avoiding sticking to any particular conception to it while at the same time acknowledging and owning each of our points of enunciation. Our second objective is part of a constant struggle in the quest towards social and epistemic justice. By adopting this stance of plurality, we can fight against structures of knowledge production and reproduction that willingly or unintentionally instill specific interpretations in ways that inculcate exclusivity.The goal of this book is opening up and expanding the debate regarding transpacific connections, examining the limits and promises of including these experiences within the conceptual paradigm of the Global South, and showcasing different ways of approaching decolonial research to the study of the relationship between East Asia and Latin America.

This book offers a resourceful collection of essays examining recent efforts to respond to the challenges of planning, management and conserving landscapes in contemporary Iran, the home of Persian gardens. Drawing on selected recent studies, the chapters discuss the following topics: The sphere of knowledge and theoretical bases, including a survey of recent and ongoing research;Persian gardens remaining from the 6th century BC to the 19th century AD, which have influenced garden design in a vast geographic domain extending from India to Spain;Management and conservation of cultural landscapes, historic urban landscapes (HUL), road landscapes, and natural landscapes in the face of changes in climatic conditions and livelihood practices affecting their delicate dynamic balance and functions essential to their distinctive character; and
Historic Territorial Landscapes (HTL) formed and evolved along the Silk and Spice Roads as compositions of tangible and intangible elements resulting from movement, exchanges and dialogue in space and over time.The book is a useful resource for a range of academics and professionals, such as landscape architects and managers, landscape historians and conservationists, and urban planners and managers.

‘The Ganges: Cultural, Economic, and Environmental Importance'is a geographical, cultural, economic, and environmental interpretation of the Ganga River. The Ganga River originates from Gaumukh- situated in the high Himalaya, flows through the world's biggest fertile alluvial plain, and inlets into the Bay of Bengal at Ganga Sagar. It makes a unique natural and cultural landscape and is believed to be the holiest river of India. The Hindus called it ‘Mother Ganga'and worship it. The towns/cities, situated on its bank, are world-famous and are known as the highland and valley pilgrimages. The water of the Ganga is pious, and the Hindus use it on different occasions while performing the rituals and customs. This book is unique because no previous study which presents a complete and comprehensive geographical description of the Ganga has been composed. This book presents the historical and cultural significance of the Ganga and its tributaries. Empirical, archival, and observation methods were applied to conduct this study. There are a total of 10 chapters in this book such as ‘Introduction', ‘the Ganga Basin', ‘Geography of the Ganga Basin', ‘the Ganges System: Ganga and its Tributaries', ‘Ganga between Gaumukh and Uttarkashi', ‘the Major Cultural Towns', ‘Major Fairs and Festivals', ‘Economic Significance of the Ganga', ‘Environmental Issues', and ‘Conclusions'. The contents of the book are enriched by 89 figures, 15 tables, and substantial citations and references.

This book analyses the representation of North-East England in film and television. It is a response to the way a number of important British films and programmes—for example, Get Carter (1971), Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads (1973-74), Our Friends in the North (1996) and Billy Elliot (2000)—have used this particular setting to explore questions of class, identity and history. It argues for the significance and coherence of a North-East corpus of film and television through a series of case studies relating to specific eras or types of representation. These include regional writers working for television in the 1970s, the achievements of the workshop movement in the 1980s and works produced within the genres of documentary, crime drama, comedy, period drama and reality television. The book discusses how the communities and landscapes of the region have been used to explore processes of cultural change, and legacies of de-industrialisation.

This book constitutes the first full volume dedicated to an academic analysis of the sport of boxing as depicted in British film. Through close textual analysis, production and reception histories and readings that establish social, cultural and political contexts, the book explores the ways in which prizefighters, amateur boxers, managers and supporters (from Regency gentry to East End gangsters) are represented on the British screen. Exploring a complex and controversial sport, it addresses not only the pain-versus-reward dilemma that boxing necessarily engenders, but also the frequently censorious attitude of those in authority, with boxing's social development facilitating a wider study around issues of class, gender and race, latterly contesting the whole notion of ‘Britishness'. Varying in scope from Northern circuit comedies to London-based ‘ladsploitation'films, from auteur entries by Alfred Hitchcock to programme fillers by E.J. Fancey, the boxing film also serves as a prismthrough which one can trace major historical shifts in the British film industry.

This book reports on cutting-edge findings and developments in physical, social and occupational ergonomics. It covers a broad spectrum of studies and evaluation procedures concerning physical and mental workload, work posture and ergonomic risk. Further, it reports on significant advances in the design of services and systems, including those addressing special populations, for purposes such as health, safety and education, and discusses solutions for a better and safer integration of humans, automated systems and digital technologies. The book also analyzes the impact of culture on people's cognition and behavior, providing readers with timely insights into theories on cross-cultural decision-making, and their diverse applications for a number of purposes in businesses and societies. Based on three AHFE 2020 conferences (the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors, the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Social & Occupational Ergonomics, and the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Cross-Cultural Decision Making), it provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the current challenges in physical, social and occupational ergonomics, including those imposed by technological developments, highlights key connections between them, and puts forward optimization strategies for sociotechnical systems, including their organizational structures, policies and processes.

This book introduces the canonical figure Sadegh Hedayat (1903–1951) and draws a comprehensive image of a major intellectual force in the context of both modern Persian Literature and World Literature. A prolific writer known for his magnum opus, The Blind Owl (1936), Hedayat established the use of common language for literary purposes, opened new horizons on imaginative literature and explored a variety of genres in his creative career. This book looks beyond the reductive critical tendencies that read a rich and diverse literary profile in light of Hedayat's suicide, arguing instead that his literary imagination was not solely the result of genius but rather enriched by a vast network of the world's literary traditions. This study reflects on Hedayat's attempts at various genres of artistic creation, including painting, fiction writing, satire and scholarly research, as well as his persistent struggles for artistic authenticity, which transcended solidly established literary and artistic norms. Providing a critical reading of Hedayat's work to untangle aspects of his writing – including reflections on science, religion, nationalism and coloniality – alongside his pioneering work on folk culture, and how humor informs his writings, this text offers a critical review of the status of Persian literature in the contemporary landscape of the world's literary studies.

This book aims to present the results of research in the sphere of business language and culture, as well as the experience of pedagogical staff and practitioners concerned with broadly understood business. The highly complex nature of contemporary business environment, approached from both the theoretical and practical standpoint, does not cease to prove that research into business studies cannot be dissociated from the cultural and linguistic context. The chapters included in this book were contributed by academics and practitioners alike, which offers a balanced approach to the topic and ensures high levels of diversity together with an undeniable homogeneity. They were gathered with a view to show various aspects of business language, perceived both as a medium of communication and as a subject of research and teaching. They are concerned with business culture as well, including business ethics and representations of business in popular culture. Owing to its multidisciplinary approach, the book presents a roadmap towards successful functioning in business settings, highlighting such issues as education for business purposes, the study of language used in business contexts, the aspects of cross-cultural communication, as well as ethical behaviour based upon different values in multicultural business environments. Given its multifarious character, the book surely appeals not only to academics, but also to the interested laymen and students who wish to expand their knowledge of business studies and related phenomena.

This book discusses the unknown and remote urban experiment of modernist social practices and dreams of a better tomorrow. It describes the history of the Warsaw Housing Cooperative not as a historical relic or a single case study, but instead analyses this working-class social housing estate – in itself an extremely interesting emancipatory project – from the perspective of contemporary urban studies.It focuses on issues related to the power of architecture, architects and the estate residents themselves: the city's performative actions, problems related to the polycentric character of the city authorities, the opportunities of building urban institutions, and social identities and urban common goods. Inspired by the history of the Warsaw Housing Cooperative, the book investigates how the estate residents, assisted by social reformers (today called urban activists), organised the urban space of performative democracy, and how they developed anti-capitalist, urban-survival strategies and created new lifestyles. It also analyses how passive tenants turned into active citizens claiming their right to the city.The inspiring book is intended for researchers in the field of performative studies, urban sociologists, critical urban studies researchers, animators of social life and urban activists.

Images of teenage girls in poodle skirts dominated American popular culture on the 1950's. But as Kelly Schrum shows, teenage girls were swooning over pop idols and using their allowances to buy the latest fashions well beforehand. After World War I, a teenage identity arose in the US, as well as a consumer culture geared toward it. From fashion and beauty to music and movies, high school girls both consumed and influenced what manufacturers, marketers, and retailers offered to them. Examining both national trends and individual lives, Schrum looks at the relationship between the power of consumer culture and the ability of girls to selectively accept, reject, and appropriate consumer goods. Lavishly illustrated with images from advertisements, catalogs, and high school year books, Some Wore Bobby Sox is a unique and fascinating cultural history of teenage girl culture in the middle of the century.

This book is the latest and most comprehensive reference to the regional geography of Spain, taking into account emergent issues such as biodiversity, climate change and nationalism. It appeals to scientists as well as to students and instructors and all fields of geography, regional, environmental and cultural studies, and business related disciplines. It covers the whole range of topics from the physical to the human geography of Spain and provides detailed insights into all 17 autonomous communities. Dozens of GIS maps and hundreds of photographs and images including remote sensing imagery make this volume a must have for every geography department.

Spätestens seit seiner'Theorie des Films'(1960), die sich der'Errettung der äußeren Wirklichkeit'verschrieben hatte, gilt Siegfried Kracauer als Realist. Seine Aufmerksamkeit für die'winzigen Katastrophen'des Alltags und seine Hoffnung, dass der Film der Wirklichkeit Fragmente entreißen möge, machen seine Texte für Geschichtswissenschaft, Film- und Medientheorie bis heute reizvoll. Mit dem'Realen'untersucht der Band den Fluchtpunkt in Kracauers Denken. Mit Beiträgen von Stephanie Baumann, Sabine Biebl, Thomas Elsaesser, Peter Geimer, Michael Girke, Michael Gormann-Thelen, Gerhard Hommer, Johannes von Moltke, Inka Mülder-Bach, Till van Rahden, Drehli Robnik, Jörg Später und Maria Zinfert.

This book presents an overview of urban and regional planning in Turkey. It discusses the fundamental topics and contemporary issues in the field. The book is organized in two parts and it includes 14 chapters. Chapter 1 is designed as an introduction defining the framework of urbanisation in Turkey, and the evolution of urban planning providing a background for the remaining chapters. In Part I, contemporary issues of urban and regional planning in Turkey are covered (i.e., new route taken by regional planning, the role of the planner in the process of shaping the urban form of Turkish cities, the specific features of Turkish city centres, large-scale public investments and their effects on urban areas, urban growth of Turkish cities from an urban morphological viewpoint, and problems and recent planning discussions related to the conservation of archaeological heritage). The challenges faced by urban and regional planning in Turkey are discussed in Part II (i.e., major challenges inresidential transformation, excess housing production and the future of housing markets, challenges posed by increasing (global) immigration and refugees, challenges due to integration of a resilience thinking framework into the planning systems, development and planning activities of settlements in hazard prone areas, and the current state of climate policy and governance). In the concluding chapter an overall assessment of the contemporary issues and challenges for urban and regional planning in Turkey is made with special emphasis on the last 15 years of the country. Discussions on the case of Turkey could be useful examples both for developed and developing countries.

This edited book is the first major review of what has been achieved in Borneo Studies to date. Chapters in this book situate research on Borneo within the general disciplinary fields of the social sciences, with the weight of attention devoted to anthropological research and related fields such as development studies, gender studies, environmental studies, social policy studies and cultural studies. Some of the chapters in this book are extended versions of presentations at the Borneo Research Council's international conference hosted by Universiti Brunei Darussalam in June 2012 and a Borneo Studies workshop organised in Brunei in 2012. The volume examines some of the major debates and controversies in Borneo Studies, including those which have served to connect post-war research on Borneo to wider scholarship. It also assesses some of the more recent contributions and interests of locally based researchers in universities and other institutions in Borneo itself. The major strength of the book is the inclusion of a substantial amount of research undertaken by scholars working and teaching within the Southeast Asian region. In particular there is an examination of research materials published in the vernacular, notably the outpouring of work published in Indonesian by the Institut Dayakologi in Pontianak. In doing so, the book also addresses the urgent matters which have not received the attention they deserve, specifically subjects, themes and issues that have already been covered but require further contemplation, elaboration and research, and the scope for disciplinary and multidisciplinary collaboration in Borneo Studies. The book is a valuable resource and reference work for students and researchers interested in social science scholarship on Borneo, and for those with wider interests in Indonesia and Malaysia, and in the Southeast Asian region.

This textbook examines strategies of investing in human health and investing in economic growth as distinct approaches to development. It explores the symbiotic relationship of these tactics, and considers the applications and outcomes from a global, national and community level perspective. Each chapter introduces concepts of economic development and population health, and uses case studies to illustrate the same. These case studies include program and policy examples from Bangladesh, Chile, Haiti, Rwanda, South Africa and Sri Lanka. The textbook also examines the impact of macroeconomic adjustment programs, health care restructuring, investment in primary health care, public-private partnerships, and the challenges of program coordination and up-scaling in stable and conflict-ridden countries. Discussion questions are provided at the end of each chapter to facilitate classroom activities. Solutions are provided at the end of the textbook.

This is the first book to comprehensively cover the historical process leading to Taiwan's integration with Mainland China in the seventeenth century. As such, it addresses the Taiwan question in the seventeenth century, presenting for the first time the process leading to the island's integration with the mainland through the story of the Zheng family and Admiral Shi Lang. The author has confirmed Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga)'s Ming loyalism and his politicization of the conflicts on the China coast. Thus, the author concludes that Zheng was a “revolutionary traditionalist” who transformed sheer violence into a political movement in an unprecedented way. He politicized the entire region and paved the way for the inevitable conflict with Mainland China. After repeated political talks had failed, the rising Qing China decided to take Taiwan by force. Though seaborne warfare was a formidable task at the time, the man who overcame these difficulties and completed theseemingly impossible mission was none other than Admiral Shi Lang. The book provides a new and more justifiable assessment of the Admiral's contribution to the conquest of Taiwan and pacification of coastal unrest. The book will be of interest to general readers as well as specialists researching security and warfare on the China coast.

This book examines the use of myth in contemporary popular and high culture, and proposes that the aporetic subject, the individual that ‘does not know', is the ideal contemporary subject. Using several contemporary novels, films and theatrical plays that illustrate aporia – such as Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief (Riordan, 2007), Tron Legacy (Koninski, 2010), Welcome to Thebes (Buffini, 2010), The Photographers (Koundouros, 1998), Prometheus (2012) and Prometheus Retrogressing (Sfikas, 1998) – Angie Voela introduces common ground between Lacanian psychoanalysis and some of Freud's most ardent critics, Michel Foucault and Jean Baudrillard, as well as the cultural philosopher Bernard Stiegler. These unprecedented systematic comparisons broaden the scope and impact of Lacanian psychoanalysis in inter-disciplinary debates of philosophy and culture and Voela argues that apart from dealing with the past, psychoanalysis must alsodeal more explicitly with the present and the future. She presents a unique inquiry into modern subjectivity that will be of great interest to scholars of psychoanalysis, philosophy, film, literature and contemporary culture.

This book discusses the notion of “Hong Kong as Method” as it relates to the rise of China in the context of Asianization. It explores new Hong Kong imaginaries with regard to the complex relationship between the local, the national and the global. The major theoretical thrust of the book is to address the reconfiguration of Hong Kong's culture and society in an age of global modernity from the standpoints of different disciplines, exploring the possibilities of approaching Hong Kong as a method. Through critical inquiries into different fields related to Hong Kong's culture and society, including gender, resistance and minorities, various perspectives on the country's culture and society can be re-assessed. New directions and guidelines related to Hong Kong are also presented, offering a unique resource for researchers and students in the fields of cultural studies, media studies, postcolonial studies, globalization and Asian studies.