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Gabriel Tarde ranks as one of the most outstanding sociologists of nineteenth-century France, though not as well known by English readers as his peers Comte and Durkheim. This book makes available Tarde's most important work and demonstrates his continuing relevance to a new generation of students and thinkers. Tarde's landmark research and empirical analysis drew upon collective behavior, mass communications, and civic opinion as elements to be explained within the context of broader social patterns. Unlike the mass society theorists that followed in his wake, Tarde integrated his discussions of societal change at the macrosocietal and individual levels, anticipating later twentieth-century thinkers who fused the studies of mass communications and public opinion research. Terry N. Clark's introduction, considered the premier guide to Tarde's opus, accompanies this important work, reprinted here for the first time in forty years.

The emergence of network facilities and the increased availability of personal computer systems over the last decade has seen the development of interest in the use of computers to support cooperative work. This volume presents the proceedings of the fifth European conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). This is a multidisciplinary area which embraces both the development of new technologies and an understanding of the relationship between technology and society. This volume contains a collection of papers that encompass activities in the field. It includes papers addressing distribute virtual environments, the use of the Internet, studies of work and emerging models, theories and techniques to support the development of cooperative applications. The papers present emerging technologies alongside new methods and approaches to the development of this important class of applications. The work in this volume represents the best of the current research and practice within CSCW. The collection of papers presented here will appeal to both researchers and practitioners alike, as they combine an understanding of the nature of work with the possibilities offered by new technologies.

Research and publications in the field of Astronomy have undergone dramatic changes in the last half-century. While activities just slowed down during World War II in the US and in Latin America, they were very strongly affected by the difficult conditions prevailing among the European belligerent nations. Half a century ago, re­ search activities were mostly confined to observatories (linked or not to universities) and usually separated from the teaching of physical sciences. Hence, directors of observatories played an important role in the choice of the research fields, and'schools'of research appeared at various places, de­ veloping specific instrumentation, reduction techniques and mathematical methods to achieve their scientific goals. Reorganising the research activities after the war was no minor under­ taking, specially because communications were interrupted for over five years and isolated continental Europe from overseas activities. Scarcity of observing instruments (some of them being requisitioned by occupy­ ing armies), enormous gaps in the available litterature led to local research activities, conducted independently of similar efforts undertaken elsewhere.

Microsociologists seek to capture social life as it is experienced, and in recent decades no one has championed the microsociological approach more fiercely than Randall Collins. The pieces in this exciting volume offer fresh and original insights into key aspects of Collins'thought, and of microsociology more generally. The introductory essay by Elliot B. Weininger and Omar Lizardo provides a lucid overview of the key premises this perspective. Ethnographic papers by Randol Contreras, using data from New York, and Philippe Bourgois and Laurie Kain Hart, using data from Philadelphia, examine the social logic of violence in street-level narcotics markets. Both draw on heavily on Collins'microsociological account of the features of social situations that tend to engender violence. In the second section of the book, a study by Paul DiMaggio, Clark Bernier, Charles Heckscher, and David Mimno tackles the question of whether electronically mediated interaction exhibits the ritualization which, according to Collins, is a common feature of face-to-face encounters. Their results suggest that, at least under certain circumstances, digitally mediated interaction may foster social solidarity in a manner similar to face-to-face interaction. A chapter by Simone Polillo picks up from Collins'work in the sociology of knowledge, examining multiple ways in which social network structures can engender intellectual creativity. The third section of the book contains papers that critically but sympathetically assess key tenets of microsociology. Jonathan H. Turner argues that the radically microsociological perspective developed by Collins will better serve the social scientific project if it is embedded in a more comprehensive paradigm, one that acknowledges the macro- and meso-levels of social and cultural life. A chapter by David Gibson presents empirical analyses of decisions by state leaders concerning whether or not to use force to deal with internal or external foes, suggesting that Collins'model of interaction ritual can only partially illuminate the dynamics of these highly consequential political moments. Work by Erika Summers-Effler and Justin Van Ness seeks to systematize and broaden the scope of Collins'theory of interaction, by including in it encounters that depart from the ritual model in important ways. In a final, reflective chapter, Randall Collins himself highlights the promise and future of microsociology. Clearly written, these pieces offer cutting-edge thinking on some of the crucial theoretical and empirical issues in sociology today.

The Conference on'Ethical values in international decision­ making'was held by the Grotius Seminarium in the period June 16-20, 1958 at the Institute of Social Studies in the Hague. At that time, a number of papers were distributed to the par­ ticipants while -after the Conference -two brief reports appeared in'De Internationale Spectator'(1958, I, p. 426-435) and in'Research and Education in the Netherlands'(September 1958, Vol. II, no. 3, p. 18-21). As considerable time has elapsed since, this Booklet does not give a'report'on the Conference, but rather it attempts to recapture its spirit and to elaborate some of the problems which were discussed. The introductory'Remarks'do this in an indi­ vidualistic manner for which the author alone is responsible, but it is hoped that this way of presenting the topic of the Conference anew will rekindle the interest of the original participants while it may attract others and give them an impression of what the Grotius Seminarium is trying to do. In addition, those of the papers which dealt with the more general aspects of the Confer­ ence's topic are presented in this booklet. B. LANDHEER December, 1959 TABLE OF CONTENTS· 1. Preface. 3 II. Ethical values in international decision-making. 7 Remarks around the Conference, by B. Landheer, 7 The Hague.

Discussions about reducing the harms associated with drug use and antidrug policies are often politicized, infused with questionable data, and unproductive. This paper provides a nonpartisan primer on drug use and drug policy in the United States. It aims to bring those new to drug policy up to speed and provide ideas to researchers and potential research funders about how they could make strong contributions to the field.

I am most grateful to Andr´ e Heck for his invitation to write a foreword to OSA Volume 4 – I will use this valued opportunity to emphasise those topics in Vol. 4 which I consider important even if other topics may be of even greater importance in the universal scale of things. At the outset let me say that I commend Vol. 4 to its readers – it contains much of very great interest for organisations and strategies in astronomy. A topic which I consider to be of very great importance at this time is Adverse Environmental Impact on Astronomy. There are two papers on this topic in OSA 4 – Cohen on Strategies for Protecting Radio Ast- nomy and Schwarz on Light Pollution Control. The growth in the extent of use, the power and spectral demand for radio transmission continues to increase virtually exponentially. The impact on the ‘listening'services such as radio astronomy has been severe. Only by creativity in developing new techniques for radio noise (including legal transmissions) reduction and by participating fully in the allocation process for radio frequencies has radio astronomy developed to the powerful investigative tool it is today.

This primer is the first introductory guide to the work of Max Weber designed specifically for students and those new to his work, providing a readable, clear, comprehensive and authoritative overview. The book discusses Weber's personal biography, placing him in the context of the development of the social sciences, covering his methodology as well as his work on religion, politics, economic history, music, and the development of capitalism. All that the reader needs to gain a good grasp of Weber's importance is contained in this book, which provides a firm foundation for the independent reading of Weber himself and for pursuing the many discussions and interpretations of his ideas. The book will appeal to readers in sociology, politics, history, law, religion, and other areas of the social sciences to which Weber made a contribution. The book includes a complete list of the best translations of Weber's works into English, an extensive guide to further reading highlighting uses and applications of Weber's ideas, and a brief overview of the German editions of his collected works.

This volume of papers from the distinguished sociologist Anselm Strauss reflects his self-professed lifelong intention to create sociological awareness in his readers and students. As Irving Louis Horowitz notes in his foreword to the book, at the center of Strauss's effort has been the democratization of sociology. He has achieved this goal by making sure that relativities of status, power, and wealth are acknowledged in the conduct of everyday life, and by recognition that all collective life is subject to negotiation, rearrangement and reconstruction. Represented here is some of the work for which Strauss is best known, and the principal themes that have captured his imagination throughout his productive career. These include work, leisure, culture, illness, identity, and policy. All are linked by Strauss's'web of negotiation'by which organizational arrangements can be changed. The volume concludes with a selection of his work in problems of method, consultation, and teaching, affirming Strauss's commitment to passing along the sociological awareness reflected in this volume to a next generation. Squarely in the long tradition of the Chicago School of sociology, the work of Anselm Strauss represents the very best thinking in modem sociological and psychological analysis. Those interested in the development of his major conceptual frameworks, as well as those interested in the development of the specific subject areas to which Anselm Strauss has devoted his career will find this an essential volume. Professionals in the history of sociology, the sociology of knowledge, or medical sociology will find the book of particular interest.

Volume 15 of'Sociological Studies of Children and Youth'investigates the interactional procedures used by children and young people as disputes arise in varying contexts of their everyday life. Disputes are a topic of angst and anxiety for children, young people and adults alike, and yet are important times for interactional matters to be addressed. A particular intention of the book is its ethnomethodological focus, bringing a fine-grained analysis and understanding to disputes and related interactional matters. Such analysis highlights the in situ competency of children and young people as they manage their social relationships and disputes to offer insight into how children arrange their social lives within the context of school, home, neighbourhood, correctional, club and after school settings. This volume offers a contemporary understanding of the relational matters of children's peer cultures to better understand and address the complex nature of children and young people's everyday lives in today's society. Papers include: when verbal disputes get physical; conditional threats in young children's peer interaction; and young children's disputes during computer game playing.

Seated in a sun-lit corner of his 17th century Dutch house, his hand touching a celestial globe, Johannes Vermeer's'Astronomer'seems to pon­ der about the mysteries of the universe. We might make the trip to Paris and ask him, in the Louvre, what precisely is on his mind. Unfortunately, there will be no answer. But we do know what his mind was not on. It was not on the approaching deadlines for the proposals he would have to write for getting funds and telescope-time, not on the meeting of the observing programs committee, not on his refereeing duty for the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, nor on his university's tightening budget for science. In the Kapteyn Institute at Groningen I stand face to face with the im­ pressive portrait of J.C. Kapteyn, painted in the year 1918. Seated at his desk he is doing his calculations with pen, pencil and tables, perhaps check­ ing the work of his skilled staff of human computers. Early in his career he had completed his magnum opus, the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung in collaboration with his close friend David Gill at Capetown, South Africa.

The 1960s saw pioneering changes in the realms of international politics, science, culture and art. Turning this historical lens onto the study of sociology, The Sociological Inheritance of the 1960s reveals both the continuities and the departures the field has seen in its core principles and approaches over the past several decades. Beginning with an overview of society in the ‘60s, Jiří Šubrt provides an important reflection on a period worthy of contemporary reflection. In this context, what new concepts emerged? What were the popular methodological approaches? What controversies and debates emerged? How did sociology form part of a wider landscape of creative explosion throughout the decade? What implications does this have for contemporary sociology? Inspiring an enriched understanding of a legacy still deeply relevant to current issues and concerns across the field, The Sociological Inheritance of the 1960s proves that, despite the half a century that has since passed, we still have much to learn from this rich period of sociological development.

This Open access book provides a survey of the economic, health, and somatic progress of Baltic countries during the period 1918–2018, framed by the outline of the historical-sociological theory of modern social restorations, as originally conceived by the Austrian-American comparative historian Robert A. Kann. The author reworks Kann's theory to analyse post-communist transformations in the Baltic region. The book argues that the purpose of modern social restorations is to make restoration societies safe against a recurrence of revolution. There were two waves of modern social restorations: post-Napoleonic and post-communist. Most post-Napoleonic restorations were brief, because they failed to economically and socially outperform the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary systems. It considers Baltic restorations as laboratory cases of second-wave modern social restorations, because they encompass a triple restoration of the nation-state, capitalism, and democracy. The book assesses the performance success of Baltic restorations by comparing economic and social progress of Baltic countries during the periods of original independence (1918–1940), foreign-imposed state socialism (1940–1990), and restored independence (since 1990). It then elaborates the criteria to assess the ultimate performance success of these restorations by 2040, when restored Baltic states may endure longer than their ancestors in 1918–1940 and the complete foreign occupations era (1940–1990). The author, an expert in historical sociology, uses extensive historical-statistical data in cross-time comparisons to develop his analysis and create future projections. This book is of wide interest to sociologists, social demographers, political scientists, and economists studying the Baltic region. This is an open access book.

Als die Autoren – über die Grenzen zweier Wissenschaftskulturen hinweg – Anfang der 90er Jahre begannen, über die wissenschaftliche und populäre Wahrnehmung und Konstruktion des Phänomens Klima, Klimawandel, Klimapolitik und die Auswirkungen des Klimas auf die Gesellschaft nachzudenken, stießen sie auf erheblichen Widerstand, insbesondere als sie über die dringende Notwendigkeit einer gesellschaftlichen Anpassung an den Klimawandel schrieben. Die Autoren sehen sich als Pioniere in diesem Politikfeld. Viele, wenn nicht die meisten Maßnahmen für den Klimaschutz und gegen die Klimafolgen erfordern die Innovationskraft aller Wissenschaften und der Technik. Die künftige Umsetzung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in der Klimapolitik ist Schlüssel des erfolgreichen Umgangs der Gesellschaft mit den Folgen des Klimawandels. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht automatisch. Die Umsetzung von Wissenschaft in die Gesellschaft unterliegt ökonomischen, politischen und kulturellen Zwängen, und kann insbesondere durch den Mehrwert interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaftlern, wie sie in diesem Band praktiziert wird, erreicht werden.

Für die Sozialwissenschaften erscheint das Gewissen als hilfreiches Erklärungskonzept, weil es das Zusammenspiel von Emotionen, moralischen Standards und Prozessen der Selbstreflexion betont. Allerdings illustriert diese große Bandbreite an Phänomenen ebenso die Schwierigkeiten darin, das Gewissen auf theoretisch überzeugende Weise als ein empirisches Konzept abzugrenzen. Unter Rückgriff auf begriffsgeschichtliche Eckpunkte und kognitionstheoretische Ansätze postuliert der Autor, dass individuelle Gewissensinterpretationen zusammenhängende, proximale Konstituenten moralischer Bindungen darstellen und sie in diesem Sinne indikativ sind für die individuelle Verankerung von Moral. Die vorgeschlagene Operationalisierung autonomer und heteronomer Formen moralischer Bindungen, die induktiv auf der Grundlage typenbildender statistischer Verfahren entwickelt wird, bildet einen Kompromiss, der einerseits versucht, eine simplifizierende Dichotomie zwischen autonomen und heteronomen Formen moralischer Bindungen zu vermeiden, dabei aber gleichzeitig die Komplexität reduziert, in der sich Gewissenserfahrungen im Alltag bemerkbar machen. Das Verfahren der latenten Profilanalyse erlaubt entsprechende Zusammenhangsanalysen zwischen verschiedenen Gewissenstypen und sozialpsychologischen Konzepten im Rahmen eines integrierten, statistischen Modells.

This Open Access book offers a novel perspective on the role of quantification in the making of education utopias through an analysis of expert knowledge and its producers. Drawing on empirical findings from the European Research Council funded project ‘International Organisations and the Rise of a Global Metrological Field'(METRO, 2017-2022), Education, Quantification and Utopia focuses on the ways that metrological realism has constructed a well-supported epistemic infrastructure, built on relationships and practices that go beyond the mere objectivity and reliability of numerical evidence. The book's chapters outline how the production of new forms of education expertise have led to ideational and institutional interdependencies, and ultimately the making of an intricate, fragmented and opaque knowledge and governance web.

This contributed volume considers the emergence of coworking as centered in labor issues. More specifically, its chapters consider it as a coping mechanism in the worldwide rise of independent modes of work (i.e., self-employment) that leaves more and more workers exposed to precarity as they must organize and manage their own labor. Grounded in this perspective, this volume aims to understand the transformative social and political potentials emerging through coworking as a social and spatial practice. There is a distinct lack of discussion within coworking research on the emancipatory potentials of coworking—and if it is discussed, more cautionary views prevail, highlighting the ambivalence of coworking spaces both as a space of alternative economic practices and as integrated into market economies. The aims of this collection are twofold: First, it aims to make visible the plurality of existing practices around shared resources in coworking and the assemblages of human and non-human actors as agents of change associated with coworking and the re-organization of work and labor power. And second, it aims to develop a more emancipatory narrative for coworking and the role of coworking spaces for workers but also the different spatial contexts in which these spaces are situated. A narrative that does not emphasize entrepreneurship or coworking as the epitome of the ‘neoliberal entrepreneurial self'as in the dominant interpretations in the current research, but rather one that centers coworking in the creation of meaningful, careful social relationships, supporting empathy and an ethics that recognizes mutual interdependencies and builds a foundation for social change. So, it is about alternative narratives, emancipation politics and the wider social role that coworking spaces might play in neighborhoods, cities or beyond because they are crucial contexts for the formation and maintenance of social relations. With this specific direction, this collection aims to bring coworking research into a fruitful dialog with other research fields-such as sociology of work, feminist perspectives on care, alternative and diverse economies,'post-capitalist'transformation, critical geography, positioning coworking within a range of progressive alternatives in the articulation of economic and social relationships.

This Open Access book compiles the findings of the Scientific Group of the United Nations Food Systems Summit 2021 and its research partners. The Scientific Group was an independent group of 28 food systems scientists from all over the world with a mandate from the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations. The chapters provide science- and research-based, state-of-the-art, solution-oriented knowledge and evidence to inform the transformation of contemporary food systems in order to achieve more sustainable, equitable and resilient systems.

Im vorliegenden Buch wird der Einsatz von Planspielen im sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterricht untersucht. Mit Hilfe eines Websurveys wurden Lehrkräfte, die an hessischen Sekundarschulen den Politikunterricht durchführen, befragt. Als innovatives Lehr-Lern-Arrangement werden Planspielen multidimensionale Lerneffekte zugeschrieben, die mit Blick auf die elementare Bedeutung von Mündigkeit gerade für den Politikunterricht fruchtbar gemacht werden können. Die Methode kann helfen, sich (gesellschafts-)politische Themen, Strukturen und Prozesse sowie zentrale Kompetenzen anzueignen. Entsprechend relevant ist es, Grundlegendes über die Verwendung von Planspielen im Politikunterricht zu erfahren – so wird der Methode einerseits eine große Passung zugeschrieben, während ihr Einsatz, bislang empirisch nicht fundiert, andererseits als gering betrachtet wird. Folglich wird in der vorliegenden Studie die Frage bearbeitet: Inwiefern kommen Planspiele im sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterricht zum Einsatz? Es werden Merkmale des Planspieleinsatzes sowie etwaige (Hinderungs-)Gründe beleuchtet.

An der Schnittstelle von Arbeitsmigration und Gesundheitsarbeit untersucht dieses Buch die dynamische Beziehung zwischen der grenzüberschreitenden Bewegung von Krankenschwestern und den Bemühungen, ihre Migration zu regulieren. Auf der Grundlage qualitativer Forschung an mehreren Standorten analysiert dieser Band die sich verändernden sozialen Dimensionen und das transnationale Ausmaß der globalen Krankenpflege und konzentriert sich dabei insbesondere auf die Anwerbung von Pflegekräften von den Philippinen nach Deutschland. Die Abwanderung von Pflegefachkräften aus ressourcenarmen Ländern in wohlhabende Länder führt nicht nur zu einem globalen Pflegenotstand, sondern ist auch ein Paradebeispiel für den internationalen Wettlauf um Talente und Fähigkeiten. Dieses Buch wirft einen kritischen Blick auf das entstehende Feld der Migrationssteuerung oder des Migrationsmanagements als bevorzugte politische Antwort auf die konkurrierenden Diskurse über den globalen Pflegenotstand und den globalen Wettbewerb um qualifizierte Pflegekräfte. Es beleuchtet nicht nur das sich verändernde Geflecht von Akteuren, Diskursen und Praktiken im Migrationsmanagement der Pflegearbeit, sondern auch und vor allem, wie verschiedene Formen der Pflege in der globalen Migration von Pflegekräften zum Tragen kommen.

This book provides insight on the concept of social value and social return on investment (SROI) - or measures to evaluate the social outcomes from interventions, beyond simply jobs and income. It offers a new and holistic perspective on the values generated from environmental stewardship and forest governance, and focuses on the methods, approaches and outcomes for understanding social value and SROI. The book offers new directions in social value and SROI, including cultural and spiritual outcomes, gender equity, and health and well-being, and provides pathways for implementing interventions and measuring social impact. It includes state of the art approaches from diverse and interdisciplinary experts drawn from academia and professional practice, including the voices and perspectives of Indigenous Peoples and local communities involved in programs, with a focus on environmental stewardship. Social value and SROI are increasingly used to assess outcomes from conservation and this book broadens the conversation on the impact and business case for these interventions. The book offers practical guidance to readers in pursuing social value and those seeking to measure it.

This book systematically and comprehensively studies on alternative media in Taiwan, using a historical approach and primary data and first hand collected materials to examine how political openness and social movement in the 1980s through the 1990s in Taiwan enabled the rapid growth and wide development of Taiwan's alternative media, what impact the alternative media in Taiwan had on its socio-political transformation, and what implications Taiwan's case of alternative media has for other societies, especially for other Asian societies. This book would be a good reading for intellectuals, media professionals, government analysts, and the general public as well, who are interested in this topic.

This book examines an emergent pattern of international student mobility: that of international students from across the African continent who are enrolled on degree programmes at Chinese universities. China is among the most popular destination countries for African students, yet there has been little research to-date into this emergent mobility pattern. Drawing on data from a series of interviews, the book focuses on the specific modalities of integration into the global economy of both the sending region and the host country, and examines how these shape the decision-making, experiences, and future aspirations of mobile students. It also highlights how incipient flows of international student migrants, such as those between various African countries and China, are calling into question a number of the axioms around the study of international study mobility that were developed with reference to more established migration patterns, which tend to flow from other regions to the West. These include, for example, the idea that international students are generally privileged members of the global middle class who seek an education abroad as part of a strategy to accumulate cultural capital and reproduce social privilege. This novel work is of interest to researchers in human geography, sociology, development studies, migration studies, and particularly those studying China-Africa relations.

This book stands as the full body of scholarly work on western theories of social sciences. The book contents three chapters. The first part gives the overall scenario of theories, the second part provides the pathway to research destination – the research method, and the third and final part is the destination of the substantive field of study and the roles of international organizations on social, political, economic, environmental regimes creation as well as to other social and development functions of international organizations.Sociology examines the social actors'activities in society and social problems. Western Scholars have developed many social theories, which address the underlying causes such as social conflicts and inequalities, and many formal and informal social organizations are involved to minimize the challenges of inequalities. The study of social organizations is a relatively new phenomenon in sociology. Broadly its historical root can be traced from Greek civilization (Plato, Aristotle), and it has mostly flourished since the Enlightenment Era. However, empirical studies show that the scientific study of organizations began only from the 19th and 20th century. Among the scholars of these centuries, the contributions of Karl Marx, Ferdinand Tönnies, Émile Durkheim, Ludwig Gumplovicz, Vilfredo Pareto, Max Weber, and Talcott Parsons are considered as pillars of sociology.This book intends to answer the broad and major questions of theories, methods, and the international organization studies in social sciences, particularly in sociology and to provide the basic concepts of social theories, application of methods in research (qualitative), and elaborate the factual reality'why study of international organization is also subject of sociological study'. The book presents the perspectives of organizational sociology in way that scholarly readers can see the linkages political sciences, sociology and slightly economic in addressing the roles and issues of the international organizations.

Sociology has developed theories of social change in the fields of evolution, conflict and modernization, viewing modern society as essentially unstable and conflict driven. However, it has not seriously studied catastrophe. A Theory of Catastrophe develops a sociology of catastrophes, comparing natural, social and political causes and consequences, and the social theories that might offer explanations. A catastrophe is a general and systematic breakdown of social and political institutions resulting, among other things, in what we could call a catastrophe consciousness. The Greek ‘cata-strophe'formed the conclusion to a dramatic sequence of strophes. The cata-strophe was the final act of a drama, namely its denouement. Catastrophic denouements are without hope: genocides, military occupations, plagues, famines and earthquakes. A Theory of Catastrophe analyzes Pompeii, the Black Death, colonial genocide in North America, WWI and the Spanish Flu, and Nazi Germany and finally this century: terrorism, new wars, climate change and pandemics. As a study of sociological theory, Bryan Turner discusses Spengler's Decline of the West, Marxism as a theory of catastrophic capitalism, messianic movements, Weber on modernity, and risk society. He concludes by comparing optimism and pessimism, and the idea of inter-generational justice.

Die zentrale These des Buches lautet, dass nicht Natur, Unfälle, Gewalt, Katastrophen, Macht usw., sondern Wissen mehr denn je die Grundlage und Richtschnur menschlichen Handelns in allen Bereichen unserer Gesellschaft ist. Diese Untersuchung über Wissensgesellschaften ist daher als Antwort auf die grundlegende Beobachtung geschrieben, dass die moderne Wissenschaft keineswegs nur, wie heute noch oft angenommen wird, der Schlüssel und Zugang zu den Geheimnissen der Natur und des menschlichen Verhaltens ist, sondern vor allem das Werden einer Welt: Wissen als Motor und nicht nur als Kamera. Diese beispiellose Bedeutung des wissenschaftlichen Wissens bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass es ihm gelingen wird, traditionelle Lebensweisen und Einstellungen einfach zu überrollen, wie immer wieder erhofft oder ernsthaft befürchtet. Gleichzeitig sind Wissensgesellschaften keine soziale Formation im Stillstand. Die Dynamik des Wirtschaftssystems von Wissensgesellschaften, die Hand in Hand mit der Verrechtlichung von Wissen als der wichtigsten Ressource von Wissensgesellschaften geht, führt unmittelbar zur Transformation der Wissensgesellschaft in einen Wissenskapitalismus.'Nico Stehrs Moderne Wissensgesellschaften verstehen ist die Art von Buch über die Wissenssoziologie, die Max Weber hätte schreiben können, wenn er noch hundert Jahre gelebt hätte. Stehr spiegelt und aktualisiert Webers Fähigkeit, die relevante Literatur in den Bereichen Recht, Politik und Wirtschaft - sowie Soziologie - zusammenzuführen, um ein übergeordnetes sozialwissenschaftliches Verständnis der Natur des Wissens zu erreichen. Sowohl Theoretiker als auch politische Entscheidungsträger werden hier viel Stoff zum Nachdenken finden, da Stehr seine größeren und abstrakteren Behauptungen geschickt mit pointierten Illustrationen aus Berichten über aktuelle Ereignisse durchsetzt.'Steve Fuller, Auguste Comte Lehrstuhl für soziale Erkenntnistheorie, Universität Warwick, UK'In seinem neuen Buch geht der bekannte Soziologe Nico Stehr auf der Grundlage jahrzehntelanger Forschung der These nach, dass wir in einer Wissensgesellschaft leben. Eine der vielen interessanten Fragen, die er erörtert, ist, ob die Wissensgesellschaft sich in einen Wissenskapitalismus verwandeln wird und was das bedeutet.'Richard Swedberg, Professor em. Cornell Universität, USA'Die enormen Veränderungen der Wissensproduktion und -verbreitung im letzten halben Jahrhundert, die extreme Komplexität und die Gefahren der sozialen und biophysikalischen Probleme, die sich aus ihrer Anwendung ergeben haben, und die daraus resultierende Notwendigkeit, große politische Veränderungen zu planen, machen dies zu einem besonders wichtigen Zeitpunkt, um das Verhältnis von Wissen und Gesellschaft neu zu überdenken. Nico Stehrs prägnante und doch umfassende Analyse der modernen Wissensgesellschaften im intellektuellen, sozio-historischen und politisch-ökonomischen Kontext bietet eine prägnante, ganzheitliche Darstellung der wichtigsten Fragen, um die es geht. Sein Buch Gesellschaft und Wissen verstehen wird einem breiten Spektrum von Lesern, die sich für die grundlegenden Veränderungen des gesellschaftlichen Wissens interessieren, die sich auf unser Leben und unsere Welt auswirken, zugänglich sein und zum kritischen Nachdenken anregen.'Robert J. Antonio, Chancellor's Club Teaching Professor, Universität von Kansas, USA'Nico Stehrs neues Buch erörtert die grundlegende Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Wissen und Kapitalismus. Diese Frage wird eingehend erörtert. Stehr geht auf eine Vielzahl damit verbundener Themen ein, wie z.B. das Wesen der postindustriellen Gesellschaften und des Spätkapitalismus; Wissen als soziales Verhältnis, als Ware und als Produktivkraft; der Schutz von Wissen durch Patente und andere rechtliche Schutzinstrumente. Stehr geht dann auf die Anstrengungen ein, die unternommen wurden, um zusätzliches oder inkrementelles Wi

Tracing the evolution of Chinese Sociology from the late 1970s to the present day, the book aims to record the path of reconstruction, localization, change, and reform of Chinese Sociology through interviews with 40 Chinese top sociologists such as Su Guoxun, Zhou Xiaohong, Bian Yanjie, Zhao Dingxin, Zhou Xueguang et al. Divided into three sections, this insightful book is the best proof of the rapid development and overall improvement of the discipline since the reform and opening-up in China. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the restoration and reconstruction of Chinese Sociology, this book is expected to inspire the younger generation of sociology researchers and deepen public's understanding of sociology.

Known for his most famous works, such as The Myth of the Lazy Native (1977) and The Problem of Corruption (1986), as well as his concept of the “captive mind,” Syed Hussein Alatas (1928-2007) has made significant contributions to decolonization theory, social theory, and other forms of thought critical of the current neo-colonial and neoliberal world. Although Edward Said acknowledged his debt to Syed Hussein Alatas'work, especially its influence on Edward W. Said's most famous book, Orientalism, Syed Hussein Alatas'work has long been overlooked by Western academia, trapped in its Eurocentric perspective. Spurred by the commitment to continue the development of Syed Hussein Alatas'work, this edited volume attempts to demonstrate the relevance of Syed Hussein Alatas to numerous academic fields, and the potential for his thought to be transformative in the international socio-political realm. Twenty authors from various disciplines and countries have contributed to Syed Hussein Alatas and Critical Social Theory: Decolonizing the Captive Mind, in the hopes of bringing his work to the forefront of social and political theory. Contributors are: Mona Abaza, Joseph Alagha, Masturah Alatas, Sharifah Munirah Alatas, Syed Farid Alatas, Syed Imad Alatas, Hira Amin, Dustin J. Byrd, Zawawi Ibrahim, N. Jayaram, Teo Lee Ken, Habibul Haque Khondker, Victor T. King, João Marcelo E. Maia, Seyed Javad Miri, Carimo Mohomed, Chandra Muzaffar, Norshahril Saat, Mostafa Soueid, and Esmaeil Zeiny.

This open access book applies insights from the network perspective in health research to explain the reproduction of health inequalities. It discusses the extant literature in this field that strongly correlates differences in social status with health behaviours and outcomes, and add to this literature by providing a coherent theoretical explanation for the causes of these health inequalities. It also shows that much research is needed on the precise factors and the social and socio-psychological mechanisms that are at play in creating and cementing social inequalities in health behaviours. While social support and social relations have received considerable attention within social and behavioural science research on health inequalities, this book considers the whole network of interpersonal relations, structures and influence mechanisms. This is the perspective of the social network analytical approach which has recently gained much attention in health research. The chapters of this book cover state-of-the-art research, open research questions, and perspectives for future research. The book provides network analyses on health inequalities from the perspective of sociology, psychology, and public health and is of interest to a wide range of scholars, students and practitioners trying to understand how health inequalities are reproduced across generations.

This textbook explores the emergence of sociology as a distinct social science. Focusing on the evolution of social theories, movements and ideas through history, it analyses the dynamic relationship between the individual and the larger social forces around them.This volume examines the definitive aspects of societies, communities and social groups, and their intersections with culture, political and economic movements and religious institutions. It establishes the connections between sociology and other disciplines such as philosophy, history, political science, economics, psychology and anthropology to explore the interdependence between different realms of social life. The chapters in this book explain and highlight the significance of quantitative and qualitative methods of research in understanding the dynamics of social life. Drawing from the works of classical social theorists such as Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, this book traces the development of sociological perspectives and theories and their relevance in the history of ideas.Lucid and comprehensive, this textbook will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology, development studies, history of ideas, sociological thought, social theory, research methods, political science and anthropology.

Sociologists have not neglected the study of relationships, but there remains no central definition of what a relationship is. Conceptualizing and Modeling Relational Processes in Sociology offers a definition of relationships that supports a conceptual tool and visualization technique for analyzing relational processes that are otherwise difficult to model using standard ethnographic and social network analysis techniques. Grounded in the work of social psychologists and relational sociologists and built on the premise that relationships are both remembered and imagined, Joslyn introduces disjointed fluidity: a new concept which maintains that relationships are molded by a flow of changing circumstances and dynamic cognitive processes. Featuring data from an ethnographic study of doctoral student mentorship, Joslyn uses this cutting-edge perspective to detail the mechanisms by which relationships are created, maintained, and dissolved. Pioneering a computational ethnographic technique that visualizes the properties and characteristics of relational processes, the author offers an exciting contribution to the efforts of relational sociologists to build a universal conceptualization of relationships. With broad appeal across scholars and graduate students in the social and behavioral sciences, Joslyn presents new ideas for expanding relationship modeling methods in a way that unites relationship scholars and extends relational theory. This is a captivating read for both methodologists and practitioners in relational fields, such as marketing, library sciences, criminal justice/legal psychology, and psychotherapy.

From Society to System presents sociologist Michel Freitag's (1935-2009) distinctive, multifaceted and interdisciplinary work. Elaborated within the grand sociological tradition, his dialectical sociology redefines sociality as the realm of the symbolic to pinpoint its ontological frailty. Such a perspective expands the borders within sociology to rejoin classical philosophical preoccupations, revisiting social ontology as a radical critique of contemporary society where not only life and planet earth is at stake as a result of capitalism but reflexivity as well.This collection of essays touches on topics that have been of central concern for social theory since the end of the 20th century: the discussion about holism versus individualism and the dissolution of transcendental identity; the current state of the social sciences, both epistemologically and practically; the end-of-20th century debate over the nature of society along with its future in the context of globalisation. These essays show how Freitag's sociology is part of a larger unified framework that integrates ontology, epistemology, anthropology and philosophy into a coherent vision of the world – testifying to the distinctiveness of Freitag's social theory, standing next to other great social theorists such as Margaret Archer, Jürgen Habermas, Murray Bookchin and Ulrich Beck.

Die Disability Studies sind ein international etabliertes, anspruchsvolles und innovatives Forschungsfeld, in dem es darum geht, das Phänomen „(Nicht-)Behinderung“ als historische, soziale, politische und kulturelle Konstruktion zu fassen, es somit aus der medizinisch-pädagogischen Umklammerung zu lösen und unter einer genuin sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive zu untersuchen. Ähnlich den Gender Studies oder Queer Studies handelt es sich bei den Disability Studies um einen Ansatz, der eine emanzipatorische Zielrichtung verfolgt. Das Handbuch führt in den internationalen Diskurs ein und bietet einen fundierten Überblick über die Entwicklung, Grundlagen und Debatten der deutschsprachigen Disability Studies. Die Aufsätze behandeln zentrale theoretische, methodische und empirische Fragen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen sowie intersektionale und querliegende Perspektiven der Studien zu „dis/ability“. Das Handbuch eignet sich insbesondere als Nachschlagewerk für Forschung und Lehre.

This open access book shows how figures, figuring, and configuration are used to understand complex, contemporary problems. Figures are images, numbers, diagrams, data and datasets, turns-of-phrase, and representations. Contributors reflect on the history of figures as they have transformed disciplines and fields of study, and how methods of figuring and configuring have been integral to practices of description, computation, creation, criticism and political action. They do this by following figures across fields of social science, medicine, art, literature, media, politics, philosophy, history, anthropology, and science and technology studies. Readers will encounter figures as various as Je Suis Charlie, #MeToo, social media personae, gardeners, asthmatic children, systems configuration management and cloud computing – all demonstrate the methodological utility and contemporary relevance of thinking with figures. This book serves as a critical guide to a world of figures and a creative invitation to “go figure!”

This open access book takes the upheaval of the global COVID-19 pandemic as a springboard from which to interrogate a larger set of structural, environmental and political fault lines running through the global food system. In a context in which disruptions to the production, distribution, and consumption of food are figured as exceptions to the smooth, just-in-time efficiencies of global supply chains, these essays reveal the global food system as one that is inherently disruptive of human lives and flourishing, and of relationships between people, places, and environments. The pandemic thus represents a particular, acute moment of disruption, offering a lens on a deeper, longer set of systemic processes, and shining new light on transformational possibilities.

Due to his major contributions in qualitative inquiries, Norman K. Denzin is regarded as ‘the Father of Qualitative Inquiries.'Festschrift in Honor of Norman K. Denzin: He Knew His Song Well, Volume 55 of Studies in Symbolic Interaction, is a compilation of writings published in his honor. Featuring chapters which detail Denzin's unrivalled contributions to qualitative inquiries, the authors describe the immense scope of Denzin's qualitative research, from symbolic interactionism and postmodernism to justice studies. Documenting Denzin's inclusive efforts to embrace various perspectives in qualitative inquiries to advance the mission of qualitative research, this edited collection chronicles Denzin's continuous efforts in nurturing the field of qualitative inquiries via editorship and conference organization, fostering generations of qualitative researchers around the world. This collection is a comprehensive and compelling read for students and academics interested in qualitative research who wish to chart the impressive impact that Norman K. Denzin's work has had on the field.

Ethnographie setzt an der empirischen Erforschung von sozialem Handeln, Lebenswelten, Praktiken, institutionellen Kontexten und kulturellen Orientierungen durch Beobachtung, Ko-Präsenz, längerfristige Teilnahme und Teilhabe an dem zu untersuchenden Feld an. Ihre Ursprünge liegen in der Ethnologie und im Journalismus. Die in den 1910er bis zu den 1930er Jahren durchgeführten Studien der Chicago School haben beide Verfahrensansätze aufgegriffen, um die Dynamik und die zunehmende Unübersichtlichkeit gesellschaftlicher Wirklichkeit beschreiben zu können. Dies hat zur Entstehung einer soziologischen Ethnographie geführt, die ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf soziale und kulturelle Differenzierungen in der je eigenen Gesellschaft richtet.Ziel und Anliegen des Handbuches ist es, einen systematischen Überblick über Ausgangslagen, zentrale Ansätze, Debatten und Ausdifferenzierungen von soziologischer Ethnographie als Forschungsweise zu geben und zugleich die Entfaltung ethnographischer Forschung von ihren historischen Anfängen und Grundlegungen Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts über Weiterentwicklungen in den 1960er Jahren, entscheidende Weichenstellungen in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren bis hin zu ihrer gegenwärtigen Vielgestaltigkeit nachzuzeichnen.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003036159, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. This book examines a variety of subjective spatial experiences and knowledge production practices in order to shed new light on the specifics of contemporary socio-spatial change, driven as it is by inter alia, digitalization, transnationalization, and migration. Considering the ways in which emerging spatial phenomena are conditioned by an increasing interconnectedness, this book asks how spaces are changing as a result of mediatization, increased mobility, globalization, and social dislocation. With attention to questions surrounding the negotiation and (visual) communication of space, it explores the arrangements, spatialities, and materialities that underpin the processes of spatial refiguration by which these changes come about. Bringing together the work of leading scholars from across diverse range disciplines to address questions of socio-spatial transformation, this volume will appeal to sociologists and geographers, as well as scholars and practitioners of urban planning and architecture.

In 1962 Norbert Elias was invited as a temporary professor at the University of Ghana in Legon, Accra. He taught, employed fieldwork, travelled, and met many people in postcolonial Africa. When Elias left Ghana in 1964, he had laid the basic groundwork for a fundamental sociological argument on human societies.The volume on hand is a selection of his unpublished writings based on these experiences. Together they touch upon not only the well-known criticism of Eurocentrism and a developmental perspective but also what could be considered the core of Elias's work: the concept of civilisation. In a foreword, Dieter Reicher and Adrian Jitschin have endeavoured to explain and break down the relations of Elias's African experience to the rest of his work and biography. They also clarified some misleading interpretations of Elias's time in Africa. Finally, Arjan Post has uncovered the previously unknown fascinating story of Elias'encounter with Malcolm X in an epilogue.

Jede Zeit, jede Gesellschaft kennt ihre eigenen Figurationen von Unsicherheit. Der Band fragt nach den historisch variablen Strategien, Mechanismen und Kulturtechniken, mittels derer Gesellschaften Unsicherheiten thematisieren und bearbeiten. Solche Praktiken sind keineswegs durchgängig auf Unsicherheitsvermeidung bzw. -absorption ausgerichtet. Vielmehr existieren Strategien der Erzeugung und der Absorption von Unsicherheit parallel und verweisen aufeinander. Dieser Diagnose versuchen die interdisziplinären Perspektiven, die dieser Band versammelt, Rechenschaft zu tragen. Geschichtswissenschaften, Literatur- und Medienwissenschaften, Philosophie, Psychologie, Soziologie – sie alle haben eigene Zugänge zum Phänomen der Unsicherheit. Dies zeigt sich auch in der Bandbreite der hier verhandelten Themen: das Entscheiden und Nicht-Entscheiden, Algorithmen und Prognosen, Prävention und Fiktion, Erfahrungsgeschichte, Emotionen und politische Repräsentation, Self-Tracking, Bewertung und Lernen.

Starting Sociology can be daunting. This user-friendly introduction takes the reader on a quest towards a sociological understanding of the world we live in. Using contemporary examples, The Sociological Quest asks what is distinctive about the way Sociologists view society. Haydn Aarons and Evan Willis show that they are concerned with the relationships between the individual and society, and that a sociological analysis involves an approach which is historical, cultural, structural, and critical.This sixth edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and includes new material on identities, social change, social movements, populism, climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, digital interaction, and social media. Also included in the sixth edition is an expanded chapter on empirical research in Sociology and the research process, as well as a new chapter on careers in Sociology.

Im Buch werden zum ersten Mal die vielfältigen Forschungsergebnisse zum Wissenstransfer auf die gehobene Gastronomie übertragen. Anhand vieler praktischer Beispiele aus der Gastronomie werden unter anderem folgende Fragen beantwortet: Was ist eigentlich Wissen und welches Wissen ist in der Gastronomie wichtig? Wie funktioniert Wissenstransfer in verschiedenen Küchentypen? Von welchen Faktoren hängt die Weitergabe von Wissen ab? Wie kann man Wissen in der Gastronomie managen? Welches Wissen braucht es im Service? In welchen Bereichen spielt die Beratung als Wissensquelle eine Rolle?Diese Fragen werden auf der Grundlage von wissenschaftlichen Studien beantwortet und unterhaltsam dargelegt. Hierbei kommen auch viele bekannte Persönlichkeiten aus der gehobenen Gastronomie zu Wort und erläutern Herausforderungen und mögliche Lösungen für den Wissenstransfer in ihren Betrieben.

This book presents a collection of old and new essays exploring the author's unique contributions to the sociology of science, mathematics, logic, robotics, brain, and god. Known for his defense of a strong social constructionist approach to the hard problems in the sociology of science, the power and range of Restivo's interests and studies are discussed in this unique text. The essays range from his introduction of the sociology of objectivity early in his career to his recent construction of a social brain paradigm. The author situates himself in the context of the leading paradigms in science studies and his relationships with leading figures in the field including Latour, Woolgar, Needham, and D.T. Campbell. The book demonstrates a general theoretical focus on the rejection of transcendence. He rejects Platonism in mathematics and socially situates consciousness, genius, and God. The author's wide ranging interdisciplinary competencies reflect classical and postmodern influences and will be an invaluable reference for researchers working in this field.

​This book is a broad collection of short and concise chapters addressing important issues relating to population levels, trends, and differentials. In addition to traditional population concerns, such as growth, composition, fertility, mortality, and migration, the articles address a broad range of related issues, including climate change, environmental degradation, socio-economic development, and policy development. The articles are concise, focused on specific issues, and presented in a style that avoids technical jargon and is easily understood by a broad range of readers. The articles are not only aimed at conveying population information, but also providing important messages for informed policy formulation and program implementation. Among the many issues addressed are human rights, laws, women, gender, climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, ageing, retirement, and abortion. Written in an accessible way, the book will appeal to many general readers wishing to know more about population issues.

Das Buch liefert einen Einblick in fachbezogene Inklusionsdiskurse in nahezu jeder Fachdidaktik. Zudem werden für die jeweiligen Fachdidaktiken „typische“ Phänomene schulischer Inklusion herausgearbeitet und beispielhaft illustriert. Im Durchgang durch die unterschiedlichen fachdidaktischen „Aneignungsformen“ des bildungspolitischen Impulses der UN-BRK zur Institutionalisierung eines inklusiven Schulsystems zeigt sich, dass die disziplinären Eigenlogiken der Fächer durchaus wirksam sind, zugleich aber vielfältige schulpraktische Lösungen angeboten werden. So bietet das Buch insgesamt eine Synopse des fächerspezifischen Inklusionsdiskurses als Antwort auf die governanceanalytische Frage: „Was implementiert sich da eigentlich?“

Kunst wird gesehen, gehört, geschmeckt, gerochen und gespürt. Sie wird im Zusammenspiel mit den Sinnen empfunden, erfahren und erlebt. Wie Kunst von wem wahrgenommen wird, ist – so die soziologische These – stets eingebettet in praktisches, inkorporiertes und theoretisches Wissen, das durch kognitive, sinnliche, leibliche und ästhetische Begegnungen mit Kunst zugleich irritiert, nach seinen Grenzen und – noch grundsätzlicher – nach den Grenzen bestehender Gewissheiten befragt werden kann. Wahrnehmen von, durch und mit Kunst wird so auch als soziale Praxis relevant. Mit diesemZugang gehen Fragen danach einher, wie das Sehen, Hören, Schmecken, Riechen, Fühlen, dessen Eindrücken wir uns kaum entziehen können, sozialen Prägungen unterworfen und durch Machtverhältnisse geformt ist, wie aber auch durch das Soziale Interaktionen ermöglicht und Praktiken organisiert werden. Im vorliegenden Band kommen eine Bandbreite an soziologischen, philosophischen, geistes- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Beiträgen zu Wort, die sich explizit den sozialen Aspekten des Wahrnehmens von Kunst in facettenreichen Dimensionen und Aspekten widmen. Der Band eruiert so, wie das Zusammenspiel von Künsten und Sinnen als soziale Praxis aus ganz unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und Schwerpunktsetzungen in den Blick geraten kann: Er fragt, wie sich das Wahrnehmen von Materialien und Dingen, Oberflächen und Räumen, Tönen und Atmosphären durch verschiedene Akteure empirisch wie theoretisch als soziale Praxis in den Blick nehmen lässt.

This open access book uses smart grids to explore and better understand energy innovation, from a social science perspective. Understanding Energy Innovation has four core themes—networks, nodes, narratives and nostalgia—and each chapter tackles a theme, using case studies from Australia and Europe. Energy innovation is currently occurring at a rapid pace, in response to a host of problems including climate change, high energy prices, and unreliable supply. Understanding Energy Innovation provides ways to think about and plan for energy sector reform and innovation, drawing on core ideas from social and innovation theory, and centred on smart grids as a case study. These academic ideas are written about in an accessible way, recognising that a diversity of people have an interest in energy innovation generally, and smart grids more specifically, and would like to find out more about ways of understanding energy innovation that integrate the social and the political.

This book demonstrates how pop culture examples can be used to demystify complex social theory. It provides tangible, metaphorical examples that shows how it is possible to'do philosophy'rather than subscribe to a theorist by showing that each theorist intersects and overlaps with others. The book is embedded in the literary theory that tapping into background knowledge is a key step in helping people engage with new and difficult texts. It also acknowledges the important role of popular culture in developing comprehension. Using a choose your own adventure structure, this book not only shows students of social theory how various theories can be applied but also reveals the multitude of possible pathways theory provides for comprehending society.