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This issue of Political Power and Social Theory explores the changes in science associated with the rise of neoliberalism since the 1970s. The neoliberalization of science has complicated interactions among states, markets, and civil society, often in ways that challenge major assumptions underlying decades of research. The articles collected here break with older Mertonian sociologies of science and constructivist microsociologies of scientific knowledge to examine the mesolevel problem of the changing institutional contexts of'the scientific field'as originally identified by Pierre Bourdieu. Papers presented in Part I extend Bourdieu's relational approach to the broader set of interactions among scientific, regulatory, industry, and social movement fields. Part II extends Bourdieu's concern with order and the scientific habitus to the changing patterns of scientific practices under neoliberalism. By reconceptualizing the central problem for the social studies of science as the political sociological problem of field and interfield dynamics, the collected papers chart an important theoretical agenda for future research in the study of sciencesociety relations.

It has taken a long time to make this book. Many initial drafts of the chapters published in this book were presented in November 2000 during a two-day conference on Interactive governance: towards a post-parliamentary democracy held in Enschede (The Netherlands). The Netherlands Institute of Governance (NIG) sponsored the. conference. After this conference the organisers discussed the possibility of making a book on the basis of papers presented at this event. In the end it was agreed that such a publication would indeed be worthwhile provided the initial papers were fundamentally revised. Moreover it was agreed that also supplementary chapters should be included, in order to strengthen the international comparative perspective. On this basis authors of the conference papers chapters and envisioned new chapters were invited to (re)submit drafts. The completion of the book, however, was unexpectedly halted by the tragic sudden death of our co-editor and dear friend Oscar van Heffen. In his lifetime he was the driving force behind this project. Without his efforts, insightful comments and helpful suggestions this book, in its present form, would never have been published. As such we dedicate this volume to his memory, the completion of the book being an honorary debt to our friend and his wife Mirjan.

Herbert Rowen has always insisted that historians don't need biographers. Outside'a small circle of family, friends and students,'what matters most is not the individual but his or her work.'Thus the main purpose of the present volume is to highlight Professor Rowen's contributions to the political history of early modem Europe. Part I includes assessment of his work by others, while Parts ll-V contain examples of his best articles, papers, and reviews, some published here for the first time, most previously hard-to-get. These essays not only add substantively to our understanding of early modem politics, but treat both implicitly and explicitly the historian's task per se. Hence, this is not biography, much less'innocuous laudation'or hagiography, which Herb would not forgive. Yet it is only fitting that someone who lays so much stress on the human side of History should by way of introduction have something said about his person as well as his work.

The book explores the stakes for the social sciences around four central problems: the challenges of context; modes of intervention; involvement; and the ethical dilemmas for the scholar in a democratic space. The first, challenges of the context, examines the variety of situations confronted by scholars since the beginning of the 20th century. These include their interventions in key judicial affairs, the impact of technological developments like the introduction of big data, or even the positionality of the scholar. Second, the book investigates the modalities according to which social scientists may intervene in the civic space: in particular as specialists, as experts, or in the media. A third problem brings together some cases illustrative of researchers'involvement in critical issues, such as food policies, major social reforms, or gender-related questions. Finally, the book concludes with a reflection on the modes of exercising critique or dissent in democratic societies and on the ethical dimensions of involvement in the civic space.A searing examination of the role of social scientists, as they are called upon to address the multiple critical issues faced by contemporary societies, from pandemics to climatic change, sustainable development, migration, ethnicity, or the place of religion. This volume will be of great interest not just to scholars, students, and researchers of the social sciences but to the general reader as a concerned citizen.

The transformation of the built environment during the last few decades has placed enormous demands for land. About 7.7 billion people live on the planet, which is expected to increase by 2.5-3.0 billion in just 30 years, with the highest growth projected to be in less developed regions. The spreading of urban informality in cities of the Global South leads to chaotic informal economies and an inability to capitalize on urban-rural economies of scale and exchange. The combination of socioeconomic and climate change vulnerability in urban centres is having a “double impact” on already poverty-stricken and marginalized groups (especially women, racialized, and ethnic minority groups) – leading to what has come to be known as “climate injustice”. Land constitutes a main component of urban development and is the main asset for informal urban communities in the Middle East region. The State and urban planners can aim to regulate the growth of informal land markets or represent the interests of the citizens. However, in reality the increasing retreat or absence of the public authorities, the crisis of confidence between the governed and governing, and the deficit of urban policies to address the multitude of generated challenges cannot be concealed. This volume examines three main themes: land management and governance in the era of sustainability; Legal, informal, and illegal land tenures; and the broader socioeconomic changes impacting land (and housing) delivery. It investigates the correlations, transitions, and interactions between the various forces and multi-stakeholders that control and adjust the land delivery system for low-income groups and the urban poor. This includes exploring mechanisms for correcting urban inequalities between central and peripheral quarters and the modes of shared governance. Finally, the volume also discusses developing national land policies based on legal instruments that connect the implementation of the SDGs, land, and tenure security as critical drivers for more sustainable land delivery realization.

Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws. Contents: Sun Tzu. The Art of War Lao Tzu. Tao Te Ching Plato. The Republic Aristotle. The Athenian Constitution Marcus Aurelius. Meditations Niccolo Machiavelli. The Prince Thomas More. Utopia Tommaso Campanella. The City of the Sun Francis Bacon. The New Atlantis Thomas Paine. Common Sense Richard Henry Lee. Lee Resolution Thomas Jefferson. Declaration of Independence James Madison. - Virginia Plan - Constitution of the United States - Bill of Rights - Northwest Ordinance George Washington. President George Washington's First Inaugural Speech Great Historical Documents of the United States: - Federal Judiciary Act - Marbury v. Madison - Articles of Confederation - Treaty of Alliance with France - Treaty of Paris John Stuart Mil. Utilitarianism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto Vladimir Lenin: - The State and Revolution - The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism - Vladimir Lenin To the Citizens of Russia! - Vladimir Lenin To Workers, Soldiers, and Peasants! - Report on Peace - Report on Land - Decree on Abolishment of Capital Punishment - Decree on Transfer of Power to the Soviets - Decree on Establishment of the Workers'and Peasants'Government - Decree on Elections for the Constituent Assembly - Decree on Suppression of Hostile Newspapers - Decree on Transfer of Food Control to Municipalities - Decree on an Eight-Hour Working Day - Decree on the Right to Issue Laws - Resolution on the Right of Sovnarkom to Issue Decrees - Decree on Social Insurance - Declaration of the Rights of the People of Russia - Decree on Organization of Volost Land Committees - Decree on Transfer of Power and the Means of Production to the Toilers - Decree Proclaiming Advertising a State Monopoly - Decree Abolishing Classes and Civil Ranks - Decree on Workers'Control - Resolution on Relation of the Central Executive Committee to the Sovnarkom - Decree on the Right to Call for Re-Elections - Decree on Establishment of the Extraordinary Commission to Fight Counter-Revolution - V. I. Lenin Note To F. E. Dzerzhinsky with a Draft of A Decree On Fighting Counter-Revolutionaries And Saboteurs Rosa Luxemburg. Reform or Revolution Peter Kropotkin. The Conquest of Bread Emma Goldman. Anarchism: What It Really Stands For Leon Trotsky. Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It

Capitalism and its Critics offers an accessible account of major theories of capitalism from the industrial revolution to the present day. The book provides a comprehensive account of the economic and social thought of key theorists from Adam Smith and Karl Marx to David Harvey and Thomas Piketty.Capitalism has long been the subject of passionate debate, and today such contestations are perhaps more timely than ever. For its advocates, capitalism brings democracy and freedom and is the cornerstone of modernity and of progress. For its critics, capitalism is based on the exploitation of labour and is responsible for the destruction of the environment as well as colonialism. Whether capitalism survives the century, or whether an alternative social system emerges, may very well determine the fate of humanity. Capitalism and its Critics gives a comprehensive critical analysis of the most important theorists of capitalism, including Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Joseph Schumpeter, Karl Polanyi, F.A. Hayek, J.M. Keynes, David Harvey, and Thomas Piketty. The book discusses some of the main debates about capitalism and considers alternatives in the twenty-first century. The 12 chapters are loosely chronologically organised around the main approaches and historical phases in the history of capitalism. Central themes of the book are the ideas of capitalist crisis and of tensions between democracy and capitalism in the making of modernity.A highly readable, informative and engaging text, Capitalism and its Critics is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding capitalism and its alternatives.

An der Schnittstelle von Arbeitsmigration und Gesundheitsarbeit untersucht dieses Buch die dynamische Beziehung zwischen der grenzüberschreitenden Bewegung von Krankenschwestern und den Bemühungen, ihre Migration zu regulieren. Auf der Grundlage qualitativer Forschung an mehreren Standorten analysiert dieser Band die sich verändernden sozialen Dimensionen und das transnationale Ausmaß der globalen Krankenpflege und konzentriert sich dabei insbesondere auf die Anwerbung von Pflegekräften von den Philippinen nach Deutschland. Die Abwanderung von Pflegefachkräften aus ressourcenarmen Ländern in wohlhabende Länder führt nicht nur zu einem globalen Pflegenotstand, sondern ist auch ein Paradebeispiel für den internationalen Wettlauf um Talente und Fähigkeiten. Dieses Buch wirft einen kritischen Blick auf das entstehende Feld der Migrationssteuerung oder des Migrationsmanagements als bevorzugte politische Antwort auf die konkurrierenden Diskurse über den globalen Pflegenotstand und den globalen Wettbewerb um qualifizierte Pflegekräfte. Es beleuchtet nicht nur das sich verändernde Geflecht von Akteuren, Diskursen und Praktiken im Migrationsmanagement der Pflegearbeit, sondern auch und vor allem, wie verschiedene Formen der Pflege in der globalen Migration von Pflegekräften zum Tragen kommen.

Welche Rolle spielen Emotionen bei der Konstruktion, Kommunikation und Nutzung von Zukunftsbildern? Sind Emotionen primär eine Komponente, die Vorurteile transportiert? In welchem Maße sind Forschende selbst Emotionen ausgesetzt, die die Methodenwahl und die Ergebnisse beeinflussen? In dem Sammelband kommt die gesamte Breite der Thematik „Zukunftsforschung und Emotionalität“ zur Sprache, von den philosophischen Grundlagen bis zu methodischen Fragestellungen und Erkenntnissen aus der Praxis, die die enge Verschränkung von Kognition und Emotion in allen Phasen von Vorausschauprozessen belegen.

The book presents aspects of cross-currents of theorizing of self, culture and society in the contemporary Taiwan. Social theorizing has been addressed critically, reflectively and creatively by the philosophical, religious, psychological and literary traditions of one of the world's great civilizations Theorizing is a dynamic movement of self, culture, society and the world as it is related to our actions, reflections, meditations to understand the world more meaningfully and holistically as well as to transform it. But much of social theorizing in the modern world is primarily Euro-American and despite the socalled globalization of knowledge, this condition of one-sided Euro-American valorization of knowledge and neglect of others continues unabated. There is very little attention to theorizing about the human condition emerging from other parts of the world such as Taiwan and its global implication. This book transforms this condition by mapping the fieldof theorizing in a wider spectrum of philosophy, psychology, religions, social sciences and humanities in contemporary Taiwan.

The book has an introduction outlining the conceptual framework that gives meaning to the six collected texts that follow. This framework derives from the work of Pierre Bourdieu. He stated that ‘everything is social,'which means that all discourses have to be understood in their own terms (as ‘structured structures') and in relation to the social conditions in which they developed (‘structuring structures'). As social individuals we are constrained by the structures defining our situation but we also have the capacity to alter those structures. With particular reference to the ‘field'of politics, the Introduction considers theoretically the nature of the ‘presentation of self'(Goffman) of citizens and the nature of parliamentary democracy as ‘presentation'or ‘representation'(as discussed in Habermas: The structural transformation of the public sphere). The six main chapters reproduce texts written or spoken about politics at intervals in the period from 1960 until 2020. Brief introductions to each chapter will contextualise these texts both in terms of their significance in my developing awareness of political discourse and also in terms of the historically changing nature of the field of politics itself in the United Kingdom. Having an a-political upbringing, the author suggests that he gradually acquired a political competence but, equally, developed the view that the domination of political discourse has become exclusive and that there is now a need to reassert social relations in society and to recognize the extent to which political activity sustains the social control of a privileged minority. The book has an Epilogue which considers some recent arguments about ‘populism'and also reflects on the extent to which the ‘new normal'heralded by some for a post-Covid future has the capacity to circumscribe the influence of politics. The author reflects on whether deployment of Bourdieu's concept of ‘symbolic violence'- the process by which the attitudes of the few are imposed on the many – might lead to the possible resurgence of social movements which are sceptical about political power. The author suggests that there may be a need for a new ‘quietism'as advanced by Fénelon in the court of Louis XIV at the end of the 17th century and as considered by Richard Rorty in “Naturalism and quietism” in Philosophy as Cultural Politics, 2007.

Human Needs and Politics is a collection of papers that examines the intercorrelation between political trends and the fulfillment of society's human needs. The title discusses the concepts of human needs, wants, and politics. Next, the selection details some theories that will shed light into the mechanisms of human needs-politics interaction. The text also reviews Maslow's hierarchy of needs, along with Marx's opinion on human needs. The book will be of great interest to political scientists, sociologists, and behavioral scientists.

A trenchant and timeless examination of the still-contested meanings of President Barack Obama's election, from a preeminent scholar of race, politics, and American history-with a new introduction by the author. When voters in 2008 chose the United States'first black president, some Americans hailed the event as a sign that the nation had, at long last, transcended its bloody history of racial inequality. Obama's victory was indescribably momentous, but if the intervening years proved anything, it is that we never leave history entirely behind. Indeed, this may be the ultimate lesson of the Obama era.First published in 2010, The Substance of Hope is acclaimed historian Jelani Cobb's meditation on what Obama's election represented, an insightful investigation into the civil rights movement forces that helped produce it, and a prescient inquiry into how American society does-and does not-change. In penetrating, elegant prose, Cobb teases apart the paradoxes embodied in race and patriotism, identity and citizenship, progress and legacy. Now reissued with a new introduction by the author, reflecting on how the seismic impact of the Obama presidency continues to shape America, The Substance of Hope is an indelible work of history and cultural criticism from one of our most singular voices.

This book presents cutting-edge concepts on the question of trust. Written by leading experts, it investigates a paradoxical feature of contemporary society: while information and communication technologies, on the one hand, and scientific discourses, on the other, can promote more informed participation in public and democratic life, they have also led to a dramatic decline in our communicative and cooperative skills. The book analyzes the notion of trust from an interdisciplinary perspective by combining the normative (continental) and empirical (Anglo-American) approaches and by considering the political, epistemological, and historical transformations in the interpersonal relationships sparked by new technologies. Using trust as a model, it then investigates and clarifies the new types of participation that are made possible by scientific and technological advances.

This book aims to provide a general systematic analysis of key issues of Turkish environmental law and policies and to highlight the related concerns and challenges. Its chapters provide a historical perspective and general understanding of the legal settings of Turkish Environmental Law; offer an overall understanding of the evolving and prevailing paradigms of legislation and administrative practices in environmental policy in Turkey; explain how EIA has become the main environmental management tool and instrument of environmental compliance in Turkey; discuss the project process, challenges and results of the EU-funded project ‘Turkey's Map of Environmental Violations'and food security in Turkey; and present a picture of environmental justice movements from bottom-up over the establishment and operation of small-scale hydroelectricity power plants.Thus, with its comprehensive coverage of up-to-date information and findings enabling the reader to understand the topic in fullanalyses of key themes in Turkish environmental law and policies, addressing, in separate chapters, concepts like environmental justice, food security, environmental compliance, environmental impact assessment (EIA), and environmental cases in Turkey in detailmultidisciplinary approach enabling readers to learn about the topic in a holistic mannerit aims to be:•a valuable source of information about Turkish environmental law and policies•an effective tool to support teaching and research on Turkish environmental law and policies•an aid to decision-making on Turkish environmental issues•an important resource for graduate and postgraduate research students and policymakers working on Turkish environmental law and policies Given there is no competitive book on the market with similar coverage, it makes a meaningful contribution to Turkish environmental scholarship

This volume explores voters'political rationalizations. The author analyzes semi-structured interview data from 120 American voters collected from 2013-2015 about their positions on three economic referenda—or “direct democratic economic policies” (DDEPs) on the Arizona state ballot from 2008-2012. Building on the literature on voter reasoning and rationalization, the author firstly probes how the intersection of economic position and partisan affiliation shape partisan voters'rationalizations of their DDEP positions. Secondly, he investigates the political and economic discourses that voters use to justify their DDEP positions. This book extends classic sociological theories of individual-level and collective legitimacy, along with contemporary theories of voter rationalization. The findings also help to build theories of American political ideology and values, neoliberalism, moral economy, and norms of self-interest.

This book investigates the emergence of the modern concept of zeitgeist, the notion of a pervasive contemporary coherence, in the late 18th century. It traces zeitgeist's descent from genius saeculi and investigates its association with public spirit and public opinion before surveying its prominence around the Wars of Liberation in Germany and during the politically restless 1820s in England. This trajectory shows that zeitgeist emerged from the 18th-century discourses about culture and the public functioning of social collectives. Under the impact of the French Revolution the term came to describe social processes of political and cultural challenge. Zeitgeist was discussed as a social dynamic in which emerging elites disseminate new ideas which find enough public approval to influence cultural and political behaviour and practice. These findings modify the view that zeitgeist eludes critical grasp and is mainly invoked for manipulative purposes by showing that the zeitgeist discussions around 1800 contributed to the formation of modern politics and capture key aspects of how ideas are disseminated within societies and across borders, providing a way of reading history horizontally.

The book is the first and general report of a series of six that reviews the practice of “China Dream” policy by the Zhejiang provincial government. “China Dream” is one of the most important state policies established by the present Chinese government and how to convert this abstract national strategy to concrete practice is still much of a challenge for local governments. The book summarizes the six facets of government administrative practices in economics, politics, culture, society, ecology and construction of the Party. It serves as the skeleton of the series and outlines the whole structure. It will help scholars and political practitioners worldwide better understand the statecraft of China and the practice China has experienced.

This title was first published in 2002: Examining problems that have caused much debate within political science, this book seeks to identify a proper place for the analysis of culture and values within political science. It goes on to explore the impact of globalization upon society.

Winner of the 2018 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Over the past two decades, same-sex couples raising children have become more visible within US political and popular culture. Thanks to widely circulated images of well-mannered, well-dressed, and well-off two-parent families, a select number of LGBT-identified parents have gained recognition as model American citizens. In Familiar Perversions, Liz Montegary shows how this seemingly progressive view of same-sex parenting has taken shape during a period of growing racial inequality and economic insecurity in the United States. This book evaluates the recent successes of the “family equality” movement, while asking important questions about its relationship to neoliberalism, the policing of sexual cultures, and the broader context of social justice organizing at the turn of the twenty-first century. Montegary's investigation of the politics of LGBT family life takes us on a journey that includes not only activist events and the courtrooms where landmark decisions about same-sex families were made, but also parenting workshops, cruise ships, and gay resort towns. Through its sustained historical analysis, Familiar Perversions lays critical groundwork for imagining a queer family movement that can support and strengthen the diverse networks of care, kinship, and intimacy on which our collective survival depends.

Ausgehend von der Frage, wie die vielfältigen Beziehungen zwischen Natur und Gesellschaft durch Politik gestaltet werden, behandelt dieser Band Themen wie Agrobiodiversität, Geschlechterverhältnisse, widerständige Praktiken und Alternativen in den Politikfeldern Ländliche Entwicklung und Agro-Gentechnik. Die inhaltliche Klammer bildet ein kritisch-emanzipatorisches Nachhaltigkeitsverständnis, mit dem die Gestaltung gesellschaftlicher Naturverhältnisse analysiert wird. In der Verbindung von theoretischen Reflexionen zu Gesellschaft-Natur-Verhältnissen und empirischen Untersuchungen in Deutschland und Polen leisten die Autorinnen und Autoren einen Beitrag zur kritischen Nachhaltigkeitsforschung. Der Band präsentiert die Ergebnisse der Sozial-ökologischen Forschungsnachwuchsgruppe „PoNa – Politiken der Naturgestaltung. Ländliche Entwicklung und Agro-Gentechnik zwischen Kritik und Vision“.

Os relevantes acontecimentos políticos recentes e seus desdobramentos fomentaram o interesse da sociedade, em geral, e dos jovens, em particular, pela dinâmica da política. Esse contexto tem suscitado questionamentos sobre a importância dos partidos políticos, o funcionamento das instituições representativas e as diferentes formas de participação cidadã no sistema democrático, entre outros. O livro Teoria e Prática da Política tem por objetivo contribuir para a formação de uma cidadania plena, informada e engajada, voltada para uma participação ativa e responsável nos processos políticos democráticos brasileiros. Para isso, o livro apresenta, de forma didática e acessível, os principais debates da política nacional e internacional. Preocupa- -se, portanto, com a formação de pessoas livres, detentoras de critérios de análise política próprios e embasados, respeitosas, participativas e solidárias, que conheçam os seus direitos, assumam os seus deveres e desenvolvam hábitos cívicos para poderem exercitar a cidadania de forma consciente e responsável.

JungakademikerInnen unterschiedlicher Fachgebiete haben sich mit der Idee den interdisziplinären sowie interkulturellen wissenschaftlichen Dialog zu fördern ans Werk gemacht und setzen sich in ihren Beiträgen mit internationalen Fragen beziehungsweise regionalen Themen auseinander. Neolaureati di diverse facoltà con l'idea di promuovere il dialogo interdisciplinare come anche quello scientifico interculturale si sono dati da fare e trattano nelle loro opere questioni internazionali ossia temi regionali. In an aim to promote an interdisciplinary and intercultural scientific dialog young graduates of diverse disciplines have tackled the task of intensive investigation into'cultures in dialogue'. In their contributions they deal with questions about international and regional issues.

The book examines South African history and society from a variety of comparative perspectives. It brings together work by scholars based in South Africa, USA and the UK to reflect on the nature and evolution of what was considered for a long time a unique society. Drawing on studies of social, political and intellectual processes elsewhere, the authors seek to place South African developments in a broader context that sheds light on their specific features as well as global relevance.

Compilación original de ensayos en la que el sociólogo Philip Abrams, el antropólogo Akhil Gupta y el politólogo Mitchell Timothy criticarán, desde cada una de sus disciplinas, el uso y abuso del concepto de Estado. Los tres coincidirán en el carácter ilusorio del Estado, ya sea tratado como entidad supra social, como un poderoso conjunto de métodos de ordenar y representar la realidad social, o bien como un metaconcepto alejado de la práctica cotidiana y política que inhibe la conformación de ciudadanía, y que es muestra de la incapacidad de la ciencia política contemporánea para definirle adecuadamente sin sesgos ideológicos.

This volume examines Japanese and Korean politics from both Japanese and Korean angles, exploring why the two countries do not cooperate bilaterally or consult one another, despite their geographical closeness and a number of common features that are central to both countries'domestic politics and foreign policies.

In this important book, Jan Willem Duyvendak and James M. Jasper bring together an internationally acclaimed group of contributors to demonstrate the complexities of the social and political spheres in various areas of public policy. By breaking down the state into the players who really make decisions and pursue coherent strategies, these essays provide new perspectives on the interactions between political protestors and the many parts of the state“from courts, political parties, and legislators to police, armies, and intelligence services. By analyzing politics as the interplay of various players within structured arenas, Breaking Down the State provides an innovative look at law and order versus opposition movements in countries across the globe.

Thema des Buches ist der Zusammenhang von Krieg und Frieden, zwei Schlüsselbegriffen der Politikwissenschaft. In ihrer reflexiven Bezugnahme sind sie kaum voneinander zu trennen, da die Präsenz des einen die Abwesenheit des anderen bedingt. Was wird in unterschiedlichen kulturellen Kontexten als Krieg und was als Frieden angesehen? Inwiefern fungieren beide Begriffe damit auch als politische Kampfbegriffe? Dies bedarf nach Ansicht der Autor(inn)en einer Analyse differenter und konkurrierender Vorstellungen von Krieg und Frieden. Ihre Erforschung der Verwobenheit von Kultur mit (Ideen von) Krieg und Frieden eröffnet eine wichtige Forschungsperspektive, da sie es ermöglicht, handlungsleitende Sinnbezüge herauszuarbeiten.

The government is not a neutral arbiter of truth. It never has been. It never will be. Doubt everything. John Stossel does. A self-described skeptic, he has dismantled society's sacred cows with unerring common sense. Now he debunks the most sacred of them all: our intuition and belief that government can solve our problems. In No, They Can't, the New York Times bestselling author and Fox News commentator insists that we discard that idea of the “perfect” government—left or right—and retrain our brain to look only at the facts, to rethink our lives as independent individuals—and fast. With characteristic tenacity, John Stossel outlines and exposes the fallacies and facts of the most pressing issues of today's social and political climate—and shows how our intuitions about them are, frankly, wrong: • the unreliable marriage between big business, the media, and unions • the myth of tax breaks and the ignorance of their advocates • why “central planners” never create more jobs and how government never really will • why free trade works—without government Interference • federal regulations and the trouble they create for consumers • the harm caused to the disabled by government protection of the disabled • the problems (social and economic) generated by minimum-wage laws • the destructive daydreams of “health insurance for everyone” • bad food vs. good food and the government's intrusive, unwelcome nanny sensibilities • the dumbing down of public education and teachers'unions • how gun control actually increases crime... and more myth-busting realities of why the American people must wrest our lives back from a government stranglehold. Stossel also reveals how his unyielding desire to educate the public with the truth caused an irreparable rift with ABC (nobody wanted to hear the point-by- point facts of ObamaCare), and why he left his long-running stint for a new, uncensored forum with Fox. He lays out his ideas for education innovation as well and, finally, makes it perfectly clear why government action is the least effective and desirable fantasy to hang on to. As Stossel says, “It's not about electing the right people. It's about narrowing responsibilities.” No, They Can't is an irrefutable first step toward that goal.

Die Politikwissenschaft thematisiert seit geraumer Zeit in den verschiedensten Zusammenhängen die diskursive Konstitution politischer Realität. Die Erkenntnis, dass Politik wesentlich eine diskursive Dimension hat, führt in fast allen Teildisziplinen zu einer ganzen Reihe von intensiv verfolgten Anschlussfragen. Im Kontext dieses Interesses an der diskursiven Konstruktion des Politischen wendet sich der vorliegende Band besonders der narrativen Dimension des Politischen und den Formen ihrer Erforschung zu. Er bietet eine erste Annäherung an das noch junge Forschungsfeld der narrativen Politiken und diskutiert den Mehrwert der Analyse narrativer Strukturen und des politischen Erzählens für die verschiedenen Teildisziplinen der Politikwissenschaft.

This volume has a long and distinguished pedigree. It is the product of an effort to devise clear and unambiguous methods for demonstrating that international regimes make a difference stretching back at least to the early 1990s. What has transpired in the meantime is the development of a suite of useful techniques of analysis rather than the creation of a single, correct methodology for use in this field of study. Our assumption is that we can be relatively confident regarding assessments of the consequences of individual regimes when those employing a variety of methods converge on the same conclusions. When different methods yield divergent conclusions, on the other hand, we can take this as a signal that more work is needed to arrive at convincing judgments regarding the consequences of the regimes in question. Along the way, we came to understand that there is an important distinction between what we describe in this book as simple effectiveness and broader consequences. Most analyses of the effectiveness of international regimes focus on individual cases and seek to assess the performance of regimes on a case-by-case basis. This is entirely understandable. Yet it is now clear that individual regimes not only interact with one another but also operate in and affect broader settings. The study of these broader consequences is less mature than research on the effectiveness of individual regimes.

Human Factors and Voice Interactive Systems highlights the importance of human factors in speech technologies and presents and demonstrates the use of human factors, principles, methods, techniques, and tools in the design of speech-enabled applications. Included is coverage of automatic speech recognition, synthetic speech, and interactive voice response systems. Some chapters are devoted to specific applications of speech technology, and other chapters are either issue-oriented or provide a comprehensive view of human factors knowledge and `lessons learned'in a specific applications area. This book places special emphasis on interactive voice response (IVR), devoting seven of its fourteen chapters to both speech-enabled and `traditional'touch-tone-based IVR applications. Other chapters emphasize speech recognition application development, natural language processing, synthetic speech, and the use of speech technology in assistive devices for people with disabilities to further the goal of universal access to information technology for all.

Seit 1974 haben sich in fast einem Drittel aller Staaten der Erde Veränderungen des politischen Systems vollzogen, wobei in erster Linie unterschiedliche Typen von demokratischen Regierungssystemen entstanden sind. Seit 1989 waren zahlreiche Übergänge kommunistischer Einparteisysteme zu Repräsentativsystemen zu beobachten. Diese Systemtransformationen fordern die Politikwissenschaft dazu heraus, Methoden und Vorgehensweisen zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe solche Vorgänge erfaßt und in ihrem Ablauf erklärt werden können. Die Studie'Transformation in Ungarn und der DDR - eine vergleichende Analyse'von Christof Ehrhart stellt auf der Grundlage eines systematischen Vergleichs der Geschehnisse in Ungarn und der DDR einen Zusammenhang zwischen den spezifischen Ursachen der Transformation und deren Verlauf her. In der politikwissenschaftlichen Forschungspraxis werden Transformationen bisher weniger als Chance denn als Herausforderung wahrgenommen. Trotz des Aufkommens neuer Erklärungsansätze, die anstelle der Makro-Ebene des politischen Systems die Mikro-Ebene der Akteure oder die Meso-Ebene der Institutionen in den Mittelpunkt der Analyse rücken, steht die Disziplin noch am Beginn einer theoriegestützten Beschäftigung mit den Phänomenen des Systemwandels und Systemwechsels in kommunistischen Einparteisystemen. Christof Ehrhart unternimmt vor diesem Hintergrund eine Expedition in das weitgehend unerforschte Gebiet der Desiderata der Transformationsforschung. Dabei steht im Kern die Suche nach jenen Faktoren, die den Verlauf und die Dynamik von Systemtransformationen im allgemeinen und von kommunistischen Einparteisystemen im besonderen bestimmen. Die Untersuchung von Christof Ehrhart besticht durch den souveränen Umgang mit Forschungstraditionen, Theorien und Methoden auf der einen sowie auf den historisch-politischen Fakten auf der anderen Seite. Dem Politikwissenschaftler, dem Studenten wie auch dem interessierten Laien erschließt sich auf diese Weise nicht nur die

Tradition recognises five social sciences: anthropology, economies, social psychology, sociology, and political science. But who knows what is going on in all five disciplines? Social scientists from one discipline often know little or nothing about the progress made by social scientists from another discipline working on essentially the same social problem. Sometimes, even of a neighbouring discipline is terra incognita. the methodology The problem becomes worse when we widen the remit to natural scientists and engineers. I have found little evidence myself that they see themselves as standing on the other side of an unbridgeable golf between two cultures. They observe the intellectual excesses of those few'newage'social scientists who see themselves fighting a'science war', but the ignorance of these innumerate critics is so apparent in their grossly naive attacks on natural science, that they are not taken seriously. However, although natural scientists appreciate that most social science is genuine science, they seldom know much about how and why it is done as it iso This can lead to serious inefficiencies in areas in which the traditional frontiers between social and natural science are melting away. An example is the frontier between the economies of imperfeet competition and evolutionary biology. Reversing the usual bias, the evolutionary biologists commonly know little mathematics, and hence find the game theory literature hard to read, with the result that they often spend their time re-inventing the wheel.

'Deutschland ist kein Einwanderungsland'- diesem Dogma folgte die Aus­ länder- und Asylpolitik der konservativ-liberalen Bundesregierungen seit 1982. Ausländer- und asylrechtliche Verordnungen, Gesetzes- oder Verfas­ sungsänderungen durften auf keinen Fall dazu beitragen, dass die Jahrzehnte alte Tatsache der längst nach Millionen zählenden Einwanderung akzeptiert, legitimiert oder gar juristisch kodifiziert wurde. Die politische Absurdität der Lebenslüge eines an völkischen Homoge­ nitätsmythen orientierten Nationalstaates wurde immer wieder kritisiert. Kirchen, Gewerkschaften, Parteien, Wohlfahrtsverbände, Flüchtlings- und Menschenrechtsinitiativen, UN-Organisationen und Wissenschaftler/innen wiesen darauf hin, dass die Leugnung des Fakts der Einwanderung in das Bundesgebiet nicht nur jedes Realitätssinns entbehrt, sondern darüber hinaus Migrant(inn)en auf unabsehbare Zeit als Randständige stigmatisiert. Die nötige Integration von Menschen, die hier zum Teil bereits in der dritten Generation leben, ist nicht oder nur in einem unzureichenden Maße möglich, solange die Bundesrepublik das Land der verleugneten Einwanderung bleibt. Nach dem Regierungswechsel 1998 ist die Debatte über Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Zuwanderung voll entbrannt. Den entscheidenden Anstoß dafiir gab die Feststellung, dass'die Deutschen'längerfristig wenn nicht aussterben, so doch als Volk zunehmend'vergreisen'und dass'unserer'Wirtschaft schon heute Fachkräfte fehlen. Nach einer entsprechenden An­ kündigung von Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder auf der Computermesse CeBIT und einer Diskussion über Vor-und Nachteile seiner Initiative trat am 1. August 2000 die Green-Card-Verordnung in Kraft, wonach zunächst 10.000 ausländische IT-Spezialist(inn)en eine befristeteArbeitsgenehmigung und Aufenthaltserlaubnis bekommen sollen.

Handlungs- und Entscheidungstheorien gelten als erfolgsversprechende Ansätze zur Erklärung sozialen Handelns und der Entwicklung politischer und sozialer Prozesse verbessern und Erklärungen möglich machen. Das Jahrbuch versteht sich als Plattform zur Förderung der interdisziplinären Diskussion über die Möglichkeiten handlungs- und entscheidungstheoretischer Anwendungen in den Sozialwissenschaften. Es veröffentlicht Originalbeiträge und Berichte über einschlägige Forschungsprojekte.

Reiner Keller, Andreas Hirseland, Werner Schneider, Willy Viehöver 1. Diskursforschung als Praxis 7 2. Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen 10 3. Überblick über den vorliegenden Band 12 4. Abschließende Bemerkung 17 Literatur 17 1. Diskursforschung als Praxis Die Beiträge im ersten Band des'Handbuches Sozialwissenschaftliche Dis­ kursanalyse'beschäftigen sich in grundlegender Perspektive mit dem aktuel­ len Stand der verschiedenen Diskurstheorien und Methoden der Diskursana­ lyse.'Seit seinem Erscheinen ist die Einfiihrungs- und Grundlagenliteratur zur Diskursforschung weiter angewachsen. Von wenigen Ausnahmen abge­ sehen ist jedoch eine Diskussion konkreter Vorgehensweisen des metho­ 2 disch-empirischen diskursanalytischen Arbeitens ein Desiderat geblieben. Fragen, die sich auf das konkrete Prozedere beziehen, sind dabei eine der Hauptquellen der - in Grenzen gewiss auch nützlichen - Verunsicherung bei der empirischen Bearbeitung von diskursorientierten Fragestellungen, unab­ hängig davon, ob es sich um Qualifikationsarbeiten oder größere For­ schungsprojekte handelt. Dazu zählen etwa Überlegungen wie die Folgenden: Wie genau sieht eine'Fragestellung'aus? Wie lässt sie sich diskursanalytisch bearbeiten? Welches Datenmaterial kann und/oder sollte dazu herangezogen werden? Wie lassen sich größere Datenmengen bewältigen? Wie sieht die 1 Vgl. KellerlHirselandiSchneiderNiehöver (2001).

Macht und Ohnmacht liegen in der Politik eng beieinander – ebenso wie Erfolg und Misserfolg. Worin erfolgreiche Politik bestehen und wie sie konkret entstehen kann, untersucht dieser Sammelband facettenartig. In seinem Mittelpunkt stehen die persönlichen Einsichten von über zwanzig prominenten Politikern. Welche Faktoren zu erfolgreicher Politik beitragen, untersuchen zudem zahlreiche bekannte Beobachter des politischen Geschehens – in allgemeinverständlicher und zugleich pointierter Weise. Die Beiträge in diesem Buch bieten Einblicke, wie Ziele und Werte in die Politik gelangen; sie befassen sich mit Mitteln und Wegen, die erfolgreiche Politik nutzen kann; sie analysieren, welche Formen des Monologs und Dialogs dabei hilfreich sind.

The other report is published by the U. S. State Department and is more'committed,'but only as far as the national interest of the world's only su­ perpower is concerned. Therefore, the State Department report must be read while keeping in mind the state of U. S. relations with the countries concerned. This report is accompanied by the so-called'certification'process, whose ar­ bitrary character has often been stressed. For instance, Iran, a country whose determination to fight the drug transit on its territory is well-known - more than 100 Iranian law enforcement agents die every year as a restult - was removed from the'blacklist'of'decertified countries'in the spring of 1999, precisely as it was inaugurating a policy of opening itself to external influ­ ence, including that of the United States. In retrospect, this demonstrates that the U. S. government had decertified Iran in past years because it was viewed as an Islamic and terrorist country, not because of its supposed involvement in drug trafficking. Neither does the last State Department report explain why Haji Ayub Afridi, a major Pakistani drug baron, who had voluntarily surrendered to U. S. authorities, returned to Pakistan in 1999 after spending a mere three and a half years in a U. S. prison.

During the last years international cooperation on environmental issues has increased, especially after UNCED in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The efforts made by the United Nations or groups of states to solve more or less global problems through negotiation has brought up a number of questions of interest for the research community. How are inter­ national agreements achieved? Which roles do governments, ministries, diplomats, researchers, experts and NGO's play? Is the negotiation­ process of today effective or would we get better results through regional, national or local actions? How should we understand the interplay between the different societal levels where environmental'governance'is created? And what constitutes a successful implementation of a conven­ tion or bilateral agreement in practical policy? The Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research (FRN) has since the early 1980's initiatated and funded environmental research, and in particular for research problems with a focus on the interplay between humans~society-natural resources. In order to get a picture of on-going research with relevance to an understanding of inter­ national environmental governance, and to stimulate the research com­ munity towards addressing new issues, the FRN arranged an inter­ national workshop for August 17-19, 1994 at Krusenberg Manor, near Uppsala. The workshop could also be seen in the context of FRN's long term interest in the issues of'the Human Dimensions of Global Environ­ mental Change', including the activities of the Human Dimensions Programme (now IHDP) at the international level.

Wir leben in einer Zeit weltweiter sicherheitspolitischer Umbrüche, ethnischer und hegemonialer Konflikte sowie neu entstehender internationaler Kräftekonstellationen. Ein zunächst nur vage erkennbarer Begriff globaler Sicherheitspolitik und Strategie nimmt deutliche Konturen an. In dieser weitgehend unnormierten Übergangslage am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts eröffnen die geopolitischen und strategischen Perspektiven des 1985 verstorbenen Staats- und Völkerrechtlers Carl Schmitt neue Möglichkeiten des Verstehens einer sich wandelnden Welt.Die Grundlagen dieser Studie bilden wichtige Teile des Spätwerkes von Carl Schmitt, die bislang in der Sekundärliteratur nahezu vollständig vernachlässigt wurden. Unter Hinzuziehung bislang unveröffentlichter Materialien aus dem Carl Schmitt-Nachlaß wird die Bedeutung des interdisziplinär angelegten Gesamtwerkes von Carl Schmitt im Hinblick auf heutige sicherheitspolitische und strategische Fragestellungen und Herausforderungen untersucht.Im Zentrum stehen dabei eine Bewertung der aktuellen sicherheitspolitischen Lage, eine Auswertung des inneren Zusammenhangs von Politik und der Projektion militärischer Macht in Theorie und Praxis, die Analyse von zu erwartenden Veränderungen der Herrschafts- und Raumordnungen im internationalen System sowie die Frage nach der Begrenzbarkeit von Gewalt unter den Bedingungen unserer Zeit. Der Autor zeigt im Ergebnis das kritische Potential geopolitischer, technologischer und strategischer Entwicklungen auf und zieht Konsequenzen für deutsche Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik.'(...) Für den nachdenklichen Zeitgenossen dürfte dieses einprägsame Buch, souverän geschrieben und mit breitem Literaturverzeichnis gut belegt, substantielle Analysen und Ausblicke anbieten, die staatsbürgerliche Bildung mit der nötigen Tiefendimension über das Alltagsgeplätscher hinaus versehen.'Deutschland Magazin 4/98

Die Wirksamkeit von Lokale Agenda 21-Prozessen wurde seit der UNCED in Rio de Janeiro 1992 weltweit als eine der wichtigsten kommunalen Aufgaben für die Entwicklung des örtlich auszugestaltenden Nachhaltigkeitsgedankens formuliert. Das Programm der Lokalen Agenda wird dabei auch als eine globale Bildungsaufgabe für eine dauerhaft umweltgerechte Entwicklung mit entsprechenden Anforderungen an Partizipationsverfahren und konsensbildenden Kommunikationsprozessen im Kontext kommunaler Gebietskörperschaften und zivilgesellschaftlicher Initiativen verstanden. In diesem Zusammenhang werden in diesem Buch die Ergebnisse einer weltweit durchgeführten Befragung von Lokale Agenda-Kommunen präsentiert und bewertet. Durch die Untersuchung kann aufgezeigt werden, wie diese multilokalen Aktionspläne in den Kommunen der verschiedenen Regionen der Erde verankert bzw. welche Handlungs- und Umsetzungsaufgaben auf diesem Querschnittsgebiet der kommunalen Außen-, Umwelt- und Entwicklungspolitik zur Erfüllung des Auftrags von Rio erforderlich sind. Hierbei wird auch die Rolle der international tätigen Nichtregierungsorganisationen beleuchtet, denen eine nicht unerhebliche Bedeutung für die umwelt- und entwicklungspolitische Bildung im lokalen Bereich zukommt.