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This volume examines the role of culture in developing social, cultural and political discourses of HIV/AIDS from a contemporary viewpoint. In doing so, the memory of HIV/AIDS is a powerful tool to examine representations of the past and connect them with future debates. This reassessment of HIV/AIDS explores the most appropriate way to come to terms with a past that involved a negative, stigmatised and marginalised representation. Therefore, remembering plays a key role in generating collective memory, which allows for the exchange of mnemonic content between individual minds, creates discourses on memory and commemoration, and disseminates versions of the past that may affect the representation of HIV/AIDS in the future. Indeed, rewriting about the past also means assessing our responsibility towards the present and the potential of transmission to future generations, especially in times of pandemics.

Excerpt:'In this volume will be found a selection of the most interesting uncivilized tribes that inhabit, or once inhabited, America and the vast number of islands which lie between that country and the eastern coast of Asia, including among them the great groups of Australia and New Zealand. A short notice is given of the long-perished Lake-dwellers of Switzerland, and the partial civilization of India, China, Japan and Siam is also represented.'

Das Buch basiert auf Untersuchungen, die zwischen 2017 und 2020 mit 1632 österreichi­schen, deut­schen und Studierenden anderer Nationen in Wien durchgeführt wurden. Die Teilneh­mer und Teilnehmerinnen be­fan­den sich während der Coronakrise teilweise in Quarantäne oder waren zumindest auf Online-Teaching und Home-Office angewiesen. Wie gehen junge Menschen mit Freiheitsbe­schrän­kungen um? Was tun sie, um körperlich und geistig „gesund“ durch die Krise zu kom­men? Neben konstruk­ti­ven For­men des Umgangs mit der Pandemie finden wir in der Gesellschaft und teilweise auch in einzelnen Menschen ver­schwö­rungs­theo­retische Gedanken­kom­­plexe, die ag­gres­sive und destruktive Ver­hal­tens­wei­sen nahelegen. Diese Wider­sprüch­lich­keit hängt mit unserer Urgeschichte zu­sam­men: der Homo sapiens musste sich einesteils wilden Tie­ren stellen und andern­teils in Kalt­zeiten als einzigen Ausweg in Höhlen zurückziehen. Theo­retisch begründet und empi­risch überprüft werden höhlen­be­zo­gene Denkwei­sen und ihre Verbindung mit Mut und Durchhalte­willen, aber auch mit Ver­schwö­rungstheorien, poli­ti­scher Ent­fremdung und Rechts­extremis­mus: Denkmuster aus paläo­histo­ri­scher Zeit als Chance und Risiko in der Corona­krise.Zum Band erscheint eine CD: Höhlenkompetenz in 52 Übungen, auf der die Regeln zusammen mit einer eigenen Komposition von Havard Enstad eingesprochen wurden.

It is a feature of the twenty-first century that world languages are displacing local languages at an alarming rate, transforming social relations and complicating cultural transmission in the process. This language shift—the gradual abandonment of minority languages in favor of national or international languages—is often in response to inequalities in power, signaling a pressure to conform to the political and economic structures represented by the newly dominant languages. In its most extreme form, language shift can result in language death and thus the permanent loss of traditional knowledge and lifeways. To combat this, indigenous and scholarly communities around the world have undertaken various efforts, from archiving and lexicography to the creation of educational and cultural programs. What works in one community, however, may not work in another. Indeed, while the causes of language endangerment may be familiar, the responses to it depend on “highly specific local conditions and opportunities.” In keeping with this premise, the editors of this volume insist that to understand language endangerment, “researchers and communities must come to understand what is happening to the speakers, not just what is happening to the language.” The eleven case studies assembled here strive to fill a gap in the study of endangered languages by providing much-needed sociohistorical and ethnographic context and thus connecting specific language phenomena to larger national and international issues. The goal is to provide theoretical and methodological tools for researchers and organizers to best address the specific needs of communities facing language endangerment. The case studies here span regions as diverse as Kenya, Siberia, Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Venezuela, the United States, and Germany. The volume includes a foreword by linguistic anthropologist Jane Hill and an afterword by poet and linguist Ofelia Zepeda.

Digitale Assistenztechnologien sollen ältere Menschen unterstützen, auch bei altersbedingten Einschränkungen möglichst lange selbstbestimmt leben zu können. Wie aber werden diese Technologien entwickelt? Welche Vorstellungen von Alter(n) spielen dabei eine Rolle? Wie werden ältere Menschen in die Technikentwicklung eingebunden? Und welche Ziele verfolgen Politik, Technikentwickler•innen und Gesellschaft mit der Entwicklung digitaler Asssistenztechnologien? Das Buch gibt anhand einer ethnographischen Studie Antworten auf diese Fragen und zeigt auf, welche Voraussetzungen in Forschung und Entwicklung geschaffen werden müssen, damit digitale Technologien den Bedürfnissen älterer Menschen entsprechen und sie in ihrem Alltag unterstützen.

Kunst wird gesehen, gehört, geschmeckt, gerochen und gespürt. Sie wird im Zusammenspiel mit den Sinnen empfunden, erfahren und erlebt. Wie Kunst von wem wahrgenommen wird, ist – so die soziologische These – stets eingebettet in praktisches, inkorporiertes und theoretisches Wissen, das durch kognitive, sinnliche, leibliche und ästhetische Begegnungen mit Kunst zugleich irritiert, nach seinen Grenzen und – noch grundsätzlicher – nach den Grenzen bestehender Gewissheiten befragt werden kann. Wahrnehmen von, durch und mit Kunst wird so auch als soziale Praxis relevant. Mit diesemZugang gehen Fragen danach einher, wie das Sehen, Hören, Schmecken, Riechen, Fühlen, dessen Eindrücken wir uns kaum entziehen können, sozialen Prägungen unterworfen und durch Machtverhältnisse geformt ist, wie aber auch durch das Soziale Interaktionen ermöglicht und Praktiken organisiert werden. Im vorliegenden Band kommen eine Bandbreite an soziologischen, philosophischen, geistes- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Beiträgen zu Wort, die sich explizit den sozialen Aspekten des Wahrnehmens von Kunst in facettenreichen Dimensionen und Aspekten widmen. Der Band eruiert so, wie das Zusammenspiel von Künsten und Sinnen als soziale Praxis aus ganz unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und Schwerpunktsetzungen in den Blick geraten kann: Er fragt, wie sich das Wahrnehmen von Materialien und Dingen, Oberflächen und Räumen, Tönen und Atmosphären durch verschiedene Akteure empirisch wie theoretisch als soziale Praxis in den Blick nehmen lässt.

Culture's Engine offers an insightful and penetrating analysis of the enduring relationship between technology and society. William Gosling explores in absorbing historical detail how humans have experienced change through a sequence of technological revolutions, each giving rise to new social organisation, which in turn influences the shape and timing of the next such revolution. Gosling argues that it is through this dialogue that successful technology sets the direction and pace of all cultural evolution. The state of technology at any time is the major influence on the world, and not just the material world. This book then is not a history of technology, still less of science. It fundamentally questions how technology and social forces interact, leading to these successive revolutions and their outcomes.

The social sciences have seen a substantial increase in comparative and multi-sited ethnographic projects over the last three decades. Yet, at present, researchers seeking to design comparative field projects have few scholarly works detailing how comparison is conducted in divergent ethnographic approaches. In Beyond the Case, Corey M. Abramson and Neil Gong have gathered together several experts in field research to address these issues by showing how practitioners employing contemporary iterations of ethnographic traditions such as phenomenology, grounded theory, positivism, and interpretivism, use comparison in their works. The contributors connect the long history of comparative (and anti-comparative) ethnographic approaches to their contemporary uses. By honing in on how ethnographers render sites, groups, or cases analytically commensurable and comparable, Beyond the Case offers a new lens for examining the assumptions, payoffs, and potential drawbacks of different forms of comparative ethnography.

In this interdisciplinary study, Mónika Fodor explores how intergenerational memory narratives embedded in the speaker's own stories impact ethnic subjectivity construction.Working with thematically selected life experiences from interviews conducted with second- and late-generation European Americans, Fodor demonstrates how the storytellers position themselves in a range of social, cultural, and political discourses to claim or disclaim ethnicity as part of their subjectivity. Tying narrative content, structural, and performance analysis to the sociological and sociolinguistic concepts of'symbolic capital'and'investment,'Fodor unpacks the changing levels of identifying with one's ancestral ethnic heritage and its potential to carry meaning for late-generation descendants. In doing so, she reveals the shared features of identification among individuals through narrative meaning-making, which may be the basis of real or imagined, heterolocal discourse community formation and sustained ethnic subjectivity. The narrative analysis demonstrates how the cohesive force among members of the community is the shared knowledge of story frames and the personalized retelling of these.Ethnic Subjectivity in Intergenerational Memory Narratives draws on inherited, often moving, personal experiences that offers new insights into the so far largely unexplored terrain of the narrative structure of intergenerationally transferred memory retellings, that will be of great interest to students and scholars of ethnic studies, migration and identity studies.

While the term ‘culture'has come to be very widely used in both popular and academic discourse, it has a variety of meanings, and the differences among these have not been given sufficient attention. This book explores these meanings, and identifies some of the problems associated with them, as well as examining the role that values should play in cultural analysis. The development of four, very different, conceptions of culture is traced from the nineteenth century onwards: a notion of aesthetic cultivation associated with Matthew Arnold; the evolutionary view of culture characteristic of nineteenth-century anthropology; the idea of diverse cultures characteristic of twentieth and twenty-first century anthropology; and a conception of culture as a process of situated meaning-making – found today across anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies. These conceptions of culture are interrogated, and a reformulation of the concept is sketched. This book will be of interest to students and scholars across a variety of fields, including anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, and education.

The Lost Ethnographies reports on the methodological lessons learnt from ethnographic projects that, viewed superficially, failed. Experienced researchers write about projects they planned, and were excited about, which then never began, had to be abandoned, or took such unexpected directions that it became a different piece of work altogether. The topics and settings are varied and disparate, but the lessons learnt have important similarities. This collection focuses on absences; topics and settings that remain under researched; taken for granted aspects of social life that have not been scrutinized, and finally the potential insights that are gained when absences are carefully examined and explored. Readers will learn a great deal about research design, fundraising, writing up, access negotiations, serendipity in the field, and the complex interaction between the body and the brain of the ethnographer and the realities of ethnographic research. Maximising learning from the ‘failings'of ourselves and of others is the positive message of the collection. The most poignant chapters are those in which the author ‘returns'to reread and reflect on a past project; something that is not done often enough, partly because it can be painful. The accounts of projects which had to be abandoned or radically changed offer hope to researchers facing difficulties in their own investigations. These reflections, on projects that were never even begun, show how to gain fresh energy and social science insight from apparent rejection, and the collection approaches the whole concept of lost ethnography in provocative ways.

The World Multiple, as a collection, is an ambitious ethnographic experiment in understanding how the world is experienced and generated in multiple ways through people's everyday practices. Against the dominant assumption that the world is a single universal reality that can only be known by modern expert science, this book argues that worlds are worlded—they are socially and materially crafted in multiple forms in everyday practices involving humans, landscapes, animals, plants, fungi, rocks, and other beings. These practices do not converge to a singular knowledge of the world, but generate a world multiple—a world that is more than one integrated whole, yet less than many fragmented parts.The book brings together authors from Europe, Japan, and North America, in conversation with ethnographic material from Africa, the Americas, and Asia, in order to explore the possibilities of the world multiple to reveal new ways to intervene in the legacies of colonialism, imperialism, and capitalism that inflict damage on humans and nonhumans. The contributors show how the world is formed through interactions among techno-scientific, vernacular, local, and indigenous practices, and examine the new forms of politics that emerge out of them.Engaged with recent anthropological discussions of ontologies, the Anthropocene, and multi-species ethnography, the book addresses the multidimensional realities of people's lives and the quotidian politics they entail.

Using engaging stories and clear writing, HUMANITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Eleventh Edition, introduces cultural anthropology within a solid framework centered on globalization and culture change. Peoples and Bailey focus on the social and cultural consequences of globalization, emphasizing culture change and world problems. The book's engaging narrative provides new ways of looking at many of the challenges facing the world in this century. As you explore contemporary issues including recent debates on gay marriage, cultural and economic globalization, population growth, hunger, and the survival of indigenous cultures, you will gain a better understanding of the cultural information you need to successfully navigate in today's global economy. The authors emphasize the diversity of humanity and reveal why an appreciation and tolerance of cultural differences is critical in the modern world.

Explore cultural anthropology and its relevance in today's world with CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY: AN APPLIED PERSPECTIVE, Eleventh Edition. Interesting real-world examples and applications of the principles and practices of anthropology help you appreciate other cultures as well as your own -- and apply what you learn to situations in your personal and professional life. Throughout the book, the authors provide examples of non-academic career opportunities.

Se muitos dos textos do primeiro volume de Antropologia estrutural são verdadeiros programas para o método estruturalista, os do segundo, publicado quinze anos depois, se dedicam a pensar os alcances do método já consolidado, a responder a críticas, a afastar mal-entendidos, além de dialogar com um público menos especializado. O volume inclui uma reflexão sobre a formação do pensamento antropológico, destacando o lugar proeminente do filósofo Jean-Jacques Rousseau, como fundador das ciências sociais. O autor aborda temas clássicos da antropologia como'organização social'e'mitologia e ritual', refletindo sobre a relação entre modelos analíticos e realidade empírica. Destacam-se, ainda, os textos em que Lévi-Strauss rebate críticas, entre eles o que se dedica a esclarecer as diferenças entre o método de análise estrutural e o formalismo, próprio dos estudos literários de Vladimir Propp. Antropologia estrutural dois traz também o célebre texto'Raça e história', proferido na UNESCO em 1952 e um manifesto antirracista e em defesa da diversidade sociocultural, que questiona a pretensão ocidental à supremacia cultural, ancorada na ideologia do progresso e em atos massivos de destruição.

How do deaf people in different societies perceive and conceive the world around them? Drawing on three years of anthropological fieldwork in Nepali deaf communities, Being and Hearing shows how questions of cultural difference are profoundly shaped by local habits of perception. Beginning with the premise that philosophy and cultural intuition are separated only by genre and pedigree, Peter Graif argues that Nepali deaf communities—in their social sensibilities, political projects, and aesthetics of expression—present innovative answers to the very old question of what it means to be different. From pranks and protests, to diverse acts of love and resistance, to renewed distinctions between material and immaterial, deaf communities in Nepal have crafted ways to foreground the habits of perception that shape both their own experiences and how they are experienced by the hearing people around them. By exploring these often overlooked strategies, Being and Hearing makes a unique contribution to ethnography and comparative philosophy.

These original articles relate to major themes in the comparative study of the dynamics of cultures, modernization, and social and political change. The authors, ranking scholars in their fields, provide fresh and important insights to the study of topics such as the interface of anthropological and sociological theory, the dynamics of Latin Americ

Alguns dos principais textos fundadores da antropologia social estão reunidos neste livro póstumo de Marcel Mauss, publicado em 1950. Além do clássico'Ensaio sobre a dádiva', os capítulos sobre magia (em colaboração com Henri Hubert), técnicas corporais, noção de pessoa e ideias de morte tornaram-se leitura obrigatória na formação em ciências sociais. O impacto de suas ideias fez-se sentir, ainda, entre linguistas, psicólogos, filósofos e historiadores. Em'Ensaio sobre a dádiva', Mauss apresenta um estudo sobre o fenômeno da dádiva entre os povos da Polinésia, Melanésia e os indígenas da América do Norte, no qual defende que os fatores econômicos não são dissociáveis de outros aspectos da vida social: as trocas dizem respeito à sociedade no seu conjunto e derivam da obrigação de dar, receber e retribuir. Além dos ensaios de Mauss, a obra traz a célebre introdução de Claude Lévi-Strauss, um prefácio à primeira edição do sociólogo Georges Gurvitch, um texto'in memoriam'de Henri Lévy-Bruhl e orelha assinada pelo antropólogo Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira.

An Introduction to Sociocultural Anthropology exposes students to the cultural detail and personal experiences that lie in the anthropological record and extends their anthropological understanding to contemporary issues. The book is divided into three parts that focus on the main themes of the discipline: ecological adaptations, structural arrangements, and interpretive meanings. Each chapter provides an overview of a particular topic and then presents two case examples that illuminate the range of variation in traditional and contemporary societies. New case examples include herders'climate change adaptations in the Arctic, matrilineal Muslims in Indonesia, Google's AI winning the Asian game Go, mass migration in China, cross-cultural differences in the use of social media, and the North American response to the Syrian refugee crisis. Instructors will also have digital access to all the book's illustrations for class review. Covering the full range of sociocultural anthropology in a compact approach, this revised and updated edition of Cultural Anthropology: Adaptations, Structures, Meanings is a holistic, accessible, and socially relevant guide to the discipline for students at all levels.

Capítulo 7 do livro A inconstância da alma selvagem (São Paulo: Ubu, 2017) este artigo apresenta um dos conceitos fundamentais de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro: o perspectivismo. Além dele, são discutidas as diferenças entre natureza e cultura, multiculturalismo e multinaturalismo. Um texto essencial para o pensamento antropológico contemporâneo.

The Pitt-Rivers Omnibus brings together the definitive essays and lectures of the influential social anthropologist Julian A. Pitt-Rivers, a corpus of work that has, until now, remained scattered, untranslated, and unedited. Illuminating the themes and topics that he engaged throughout his life—including hospitality, grace, the symbolic economy of reciprocity, kinship, the paradoxes of friendship, ritual logics, the anthropology of dress, and more—this omnibus brings his reflections to new life. Holding Pitt-Rivers's diversity of subjects and ethnographic foci in the same gaze, this book reveals a theoretical unity that ran through his work and highlights his iconic wit and brilliance. Striking at the heart of anthropological theory, the pieces here explore the relationship between the mental and the material, between what is thought and what is done. Classic, definitive, and yet still extraordinarily relevant for contemporary anthropology, Pitt-Rivers's lifetime contribution will provide a new generation of anthropologists with an invaluable resource for reflection on both ethnographic and theoretical issues.

This engaging text introduces the burgeoning and interdisciplinary field of cultural performance, offering ethnographic approaches to performance as well as looking at the aesthetics of experience and performance theory. Examining cultural performance from anthropological, geographical and corporeal standpoints, this book offers many examples of the ways in which performance art and entertainment utilize cultural methods to deepen and enrich the practice. Featuring case studies from a rich cross-section of academics, chapters explore performances from regions as far flung as Bhutan, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, New Zealand and the USA. With cultural performances as varied as Catholic rituals, Maori ceremonies, Monster Truck rallies, musicals, theatre and singing performances, this fascinating text compares performance as art and performance as cultural expression. Core reading for introductory and interdisciplinary modules on performance, this is also an ideal text for upper undergraduate and postgraduate students of performance, visual arts, cultural studies or ethnography.

With increasing speed, the emerging discipline of critical Indigenous studies is expanding and demarcating its territory from Indigenous studies through the work of a new generation of Indigenous scholars. Critical Indigenous Studies makes an important contribution to this expansion, disrupting the certainty of disciplinary knowledge produced in the twentieth century, when studying Indigenous peoples was primarily the domain of non-Indigenous scholars. Aileen Moreton-Robinson's introductory essay provides a context for the emerging discipline. The volume is organized into three sections: the first includes essays that interrogate the embedded nature of Indigenous studies within academic institutions; the second explores the epistemology of the discipline; and the third section is devoted to understanding the locales of critical inquiry and practice. Each essay places and contemplates critical Indigenous studies within the context of First World nations, which continue to occupy Indigenous lands in the twenty-first century. The contributors include Aboriginal, Metis, Maori, Kanaka Maoli, Filipino-Pohnpeian, and Native American scholars working and writing through a shared legacy born of British and later U.S. imperialism. In these countries, critical Indigenous studies is flourishing and transitioning into a discipline, a knowledge/power domain where distinct work is produced, taught, researched, and disseminated by Indigenous scholars. View the Table of Contents here. Contributors: Hokulani K. Aikau Chris Andersen Larissa Behrendt Vicente M. Diaz Noelani Goodyear Kaopua Daniel Heath Justice Brendan Hokowhitu Aileen Moreton-Robinson Jean M. O'Brien Noenoe Silva Kim Tallbear Robert Warrior

This study argues that the defining feature of contemporary advertising is the interconnectedness between consumer participation and calculative media platforms. It critically investigates how audience participation unfolds in an algorithmic media infrastructure in which brands develop media devices to codify, process and modulate human capacities and actions.With the shift from a broadcast to an interactive media system, advertisers have reinvented themselves as the strategic interface between computational media systems and the lived experience and living bodies of consumers. Where once advertising relied predominantly on symbolic appeals to affect consumers, it now centres on the use of computational devices that codify, monitor, analyse and control their behaviours. Advertisers have worked to stimulate and harness consumer participation for several generations. Consumers undertook the productive work of making brands a part of their cultural identities and practices. With the emergence of a computational mode of advertising consumer participation extends beyond the expressive activity of creating and circulating meaning. It now involves making the lived experience and the living body available to the experimental capacities of media platforms and devices. In this mode of advertising brands become techno-cultural processes that integrate calculative and cultural functions. Brand Machines, Sensory Media and Calculative Culture conceptualises and theorises these significant changes in advertising. It takes consumer participation and its interconnectedness with calculative media platforms as the fundamental aspect of contemporary advertising and critically investigates how advertising, consumer participation and technology are interrelated in creating and facilitating lived experiences that create value for brands.

Explore the most fascinating, creative, dangerous, and complex species alive today: you and your neighbors in the global village. With compelling photos, engaging examples, and select studies by anthropologists in far-flung places, the authors of CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY: THE HUMAN CHALLENGE, 15th Edition, provide a holistic view of anthropology to help you make sense of today's world. With this text, you will discover the different ways humans face the challenge of existence, the connection between biology and culture in the shaping of human beliefs and behavior, and the impact of globalization on peoples and cultures around the world. It comes with MindTap—a digital interactive learning platform with an array of tools and apps—from video clips to notetaking and flashcards—which will enliven your study and help you achieve better grades.

This stimulating and comprehensive study of Will Self's work spans his entire career and offers insightful readings of all his fictional and non-fictional work up to and including his Booker prize nominated novel Umbrella.

Set against the backdrop of anthropology's recent focus on various “turns” (whether ontological, ethical, or otherwise), this pathbreaking volume returns to the question of knowledge and the role of translation as a theoretical and ethnographic guide for twenty-first century anthropology, gathering together contributions from leading thinkers in the field. Since Ferdinand de Saussure and Franz Boas, languages have been seen as systems whose differences make precise translation nearly impossible. And still others have viewed translation between languages as principally indeterminate. The contributors here argue that the challenge posed by the constant confrontation between incommensurable worlds and systems may be the most fertile ground for state-of-the-art ethnographic theory and practice. Ranging from tourism in New Guinea to shamanism in the Amazon to the globally ubiquitous restaurant menu, the contributors mix philosophy and ethnography to redefine translation not only as a key technique for understanding ethnography but as a larger principle in epistemology.

This volume is the first to collect the most influential essays and lectures of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Published in a wide variety of venues, and often difficult to find, the pieces are brought together here for the first time in a one major volume, which includes his momentous 1998 Cambridge University Lectures, “Cosmological Perspectivism in Amazonia and Elsewhere.” Rounded out with new English translations of a number of previously unpublished works, the resulting book is a wide-ranging portrait of one of the towering figures of contemporary thought—philosopher, anthropologist, ethnographer, ethnologist, and more. With a new afterword by Roy Wagner elucidating Viveiros de Castro's work, influence, and legacy, The Relative Native will be required reading, further cementing Viveiros de Castro's position at the center of contemporary anthropological inquiry.

In The Ecology of Pastoralism, diverse contributions from archaeologists and ethnographers address pastoralism's significant impact on humanity's basic subsistence and survival, focusing on the network of social, political, and religious institutions existing within various societies dependent on animal husbandry. Pastoral peoples, both past and present, have organized their relationships with certain animals to maximize their ability to survive and adapt to a wide range of conditions over time. Contributors show that despite differences in landscape, environment, and administrative and political structures, these societies share a major characteristic—high flexibility. Based partially on the adaptability of various domestic animals to difficult environments and partially on the ability of people to establish networks allowing them to accommodate political, social, and economic needs, this flexibility is key to the survival of complex pastoral systems and serves as the connection among the varied cultures in the volume. In The Ecology of Pastoralism, a variety of case studies from a broad geographic sampling uses archaeological and contemporary data and offers a new perspective on the study of pastoralism, making this volume a valuable contribution to current research in the area.

Woman: An Historical Gynælogical and Anthropological Compendium, Volume Two provides information pertinent to relationships of women to the male sex. This book discusses the concepts of modesty, chastity, and respects for women in cultural history. Organized into 39 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the sexual relation of woman to man. This text then explores various topics, including love and the artificial arousing of love, various forms of betrothal, marriage, procreation, impregnation, and conception. Other chapters consider the position of woman in the family and in the nation. This book discusses as well the reciprocal relations between husband and wife, which are of the highest significance for the stage of morality to which each people has attained. The final chapter deals with the different kinds of customs that are associated with or directly attached to parturition. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists, ethnologists, and research workers.

Woman: An Historical Gynælogical and Anthropological Compendium, Volume Three provides information pertinent to the obstruction in the normal process of labor. This book discusses the various ways and treatment, the obligations and duties of women among the different nations and races. Organized into 21 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the physical condition of women in child birth. This text then discusses the mechanical aids designed to hasten delivery and explains the external manipulations to bring about a normal presentation of the child. Other chapters provide a discussion of woman's milk as a medicine, especially for consumption. This book discusses as well the mutual relationship between grandmothers and their grandchildren. The final chapter deals with displayed special manners, customs, and superstitions at the death of a person who has remained unmarried, or of a woman who has died during pregnancy, in labor, or in childbed. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists.

In The Transplant Imaginary, author Lesley Sharp explores the extraordinarily surgically successful realm of organ transplantation, which is plagued worldwide by the scarcity of donated human parts, a quandary that generates ongoing debates over the marketing of organs as patients die waiting for replacements. These widespread anxieties within and beyond medicine over organ scarcity inspire seemingly futuristic trajectories in other fields. Especially prominent, longstanding, and promising domains include xenotransplantation, or efforts to cull fleshy organs from animals for human use, and bioengineering, a field peopled with'tinkerers'intent on designing implantable mechanical devices, where the heart is of special interest. Scarcity, suffering, and sacrifice are pervasive and, seemingly, inescapable themes that frame the transplant imaginary. Xenotransplant experts and bioengineers at work in labs in five Anglophone countries share a marked determination to eliminate scarcity and human suffering, certain that their efforts might one day altogether eliminate any need for parts of human origin. A premise that drives Sharp's compelling ethnographic project is that high-stakes experimentation inspires moral thinking, informing scientists'determination to redirect the surgical trajectory of transplantation and, ultimately, alter the integrity of the human form.

Erstmals präsentiert sich hier die Sozialistische Länder-Forschung der Politologen der Bundesrepublik in einem umfassenden Werk. Zentriert um die europäischen Länder entsteht ein Gesamtspektrum der jüngeren politischen,sozialen und ideologischen Entwicklung, das auch China und Kuba einbezieht. Behandelt werden die Kernfragen des sowjetsozialistischen Systems: Die Interessen der Bürokratie und wichtiger gesellschaftlicher Gruppen im politischen Prozeß, die Abwendung vom stalinistischen Herrschaftsmodell in Richtungdes Korporativismus und des'sozialistischen Parlamentarismus',typische Formen der politischen Konfliktbearbeitung angesichts von Individualisierungs- und Pluralisierungstendenzen, die Rollen der Ideologie und des Alltagswissens sowie einzelnen Politikfelder wie der Kader- und Sozialpolitik.

Examines the inherently problematic nature of representation and description of living people in ethnography and in anthropological work In Anthropology and the Politics of Representation volume editor Gabriela Vargas-Cetina brings together a group of international scholars who, through their fieldwork experiences, reflect on the epistemological, political, and personal implications of their own work. To do so, they focus on such topics as ethnography, anthropologists'engagement in identity politics, representational practices, the contexts of anthropological research and work, and the effects of personal choices regarding self-involvement in local causes that may extend beyond purely ethnographic goals. Such reflections raise a number of ethnographic questions: What are ethnographic goals? Who sets the agenda for ethnographic writing? How does fieldwork change the anthropologist's identity? Do ethnography and ethnographers have an impact on local lives and self-representation? How do anthropologists balance long-held respect for cultural diversity with advocacy for local people? How does an author choose what to say and write, and what not to disclose? Should anthropologists support causes that may require going against their informed knowledge of local lives?

Who owns your sex organs? Different cultures today and in different epochs have given a variety of answers to this question. It may seem self­ evident that every individual owns and has sovereignty over his or her own body parts, such as the head, legs, nose, stomach, pancreas, and other body parts. The sex organs, however, seem to be an exception. Even though they are as much an integral part of the individual as a leg or a liver, the sex organs are unique in that many cultures have established laws and taboos over the use and even the mere display of the sex organs. Thus, certain cultures have placed constraints over the individual's ownership of his or her sex organs and actively regulate and restrict the individual's access and use of those organs. In other cultures, the question of ownership of the sex organs is more decisively answered. In any culture where circumcision to any degree of either the male or female is practiced, permitted, encouraged, or even merely tolerated, it is clear that the individual is not considered to own his own sex organs. In the United States today, the medical establishment has created an is considered acceptable and desirable that anyone for environment where it any reason can authorize or execute the amputation of the foreskin from a male child's penis.

Despite dying in relative obscurity, Jane Austen has become a global force as different readers across time, space and media have responded to her work. This volume examines the ways in which her novels affect individual psychologies and how Janeites experience her work, from visiting her home to public re-enactments to films based on her writings.

The ethnographic methods that anthropologists first developed to study other cultures—fieldwork, participant observation, dialogue—are now being adapted for a broad array of applications, such as business, conflict resolution and demobilization, wildlife conservation, education, and biomedicine. In Transforming Ethnographic Knowledge, anthropologists trace the changes they have seen in ethnography as a method and as an intellectual approach, and they offer examples of ethnography's role in social change and its capacity to transform its practitioners. Senior scholars Mary Catherine Bateson, Sidney Mintz, and J. Lorand Matory look back at how thinking ethnographically shaped both their work and their lives, and George Marcus suggests that the methods for teaching and training anthropologists need rethinking and updating. The second part of the volume features anthropologists working in sectors where ethnography is finding or claiming new relevance: Kamari Maxine Clarke looks at ethnographers'involvement (or non-involvement) in military conflict, Csilla Kalocsai employs ethnographic tools to understand the dynamics of corporate management, Rebecca Hardin and Melissa Remis take their own anthropological training into rainforests where wildlife conservation and research meet changing subsistence practices and gendered politics of social difference, and Marcia Inhorn shows how the interests in mobility and diasporic connection that characterize a new generation of ethnographic work also apply to medical technologies, as those mediate fertility and relate to social status in the Middle East.

What role do objects play in realist narratives as they move between societies and their different systems of value as commodities, as charms, as gifts, as trophies, or as curses? This book explores how the struggle to represent objects in British colonial realism corresponded with historical struggles over the material world and its significance.

As local governments and organizations assume more responsibility for ensuring the public health, identity politics play an increasing yet largely unexamined role in public and policy attitudes toward local problems. In Governing How We Care, medical anthropologist Susan Shaw examines the relationship between government and citizens using case studies of needle exchange and Welfare-to-Work programs to illustrate the meanings of cultural difference, ethnicity, and inequality in health care. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted over six years in a small New England city, Shaw presents critical perspectives on public health intervention efforts. She looks at online developments in health care and makes important correlations between poverty and health care in the urban United States. Shaw also highlights the new concepts of community and forms of identity that emerge in our efforts to provide effective health care. Governing How We Care shows how government-sponsored community health and health care programs operate in an age of neoliberalism.

Vasilii Fedorovich Malinovskii (1765-1814) is a name which has hitherto lacked true resonance in the history of Russian culture. Tt is of course a name known to all students of Alexander Pushkin's biography, for Malinovskii was the first Director of the new Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum, if, sadly, for only the first three of the young poet's years at the school. For those scholars conversant with the intellectual and literary life of the'beautiful beginning'of the reign of Alexander I's reign Malinovskii has his little niche for his remarkable Rassuzhdenie 0 mire i voine (1803) and less for his Osennie vechera (1803), a little-known journal limited to a mere eight weekly issues and written entirely by the editor. As regards the of his'eighteenth-century'Malinovskii, who lived the first thirty-five years life predominantly in the reign of the great Catherine, little information encumbers the memory of even specialists of the period. Indeed, his elder brother, Aleksei Fedorovich (1762-1840), is the more likely to be remembered for his literary and translating work as well for his later position as Head of the Moscow Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which brought him into contact with Pushkin and, not unexpectedly, with Karamzin. Karamzin referred to him as'one of my few old and genuine friends', but one searches in vain for a similar accolade for VasiIii Fedorovich.

Dieser Band ist die erste deutschsprachige sozialanthropologische Einführung in das Feld der Science and Technology Studies - ein Forschungsfeld, das sich der empirischen Untersuchung des alltäglichen Zusammenspiels von Wissenschaft, Technologie und gesellschaftlicher Ordnung widmet. Der sozialanthropologische Zugriff stellt neben den grundlegenden theoretischen und methodischen Aspekten klassische sowie neuere ethnographische Arbeiten in den Mittelpunkt und diskutiert die Bedeutung von Materialität, Wissen und Praxis sowie von Infrastrukturen und Klassifikationen für das Verständnis von Wissenschaft und Technik.

Bringing together an array of interdisciplinary voices, Global Masculinities and Manhood examines the concept of masculinity from the perspectives of cultures around the world. In the era of globalization, masculinity continues to be studied in a Western-centric context. Contributors to this volume, however, deconstruct the history and politics of masculinities within the contexts of the cultures from which they have been developed, examining what makes a man who he is within his own culture. Highlighting manifestations of masculinity in countries including Jamaica, Turkey, Peru, Kenya, Australia, and China, scholars from a variety of disciplines grapple with the complex politics of identity and the question of how gender is interpreted and practiced through discourse. Topics include how masculinity is affected by war and conflict, defined in relation to race, ethnicity, and sexuality, and expressed in cultural activities such as sports or the cinema. Contributors are Bryant Keith Alexander, Molefi K. Asante, Murali Balaji, Maurice Hall, Ronald L. Jackson II, Shino Konishi, Nil Mutluer, Mich Nyawalo, Kathleen Glenister Roberts, Margarita Saona, and Kath Woodward.

Cet ouvrage en impression à la demande sera envoyé sous 3 semaines environ (France métropolitaine) et dans un colis séparé en cas de commande avec un autre livre papier.Cet ouvrage, associant des chercheurs de disciplines et de préoccupations très diverses, a trois objectifs : faire le point sur la question de la douleur et des états associés chez l'animal, interroger l'une par l'autre douleur animale et douleur humaine, clarifier les bases éthiques du débat. Si l'animal, faute de langage comparable au nôtre, ne peut nous déclarer sa douleur, son comportement est cependant loin d'être silencieux. Cette question peut ainsi être ressaisie sous un plus large horizon que celui strictement humain, permettant une compréhension renouvelée. En retour, la reconnaissance de la douleur animale pose à l'homme des problèmes éthiques qu'il ne peut indéfiniment différer.

Comprehending Drug Use, the first full-length critical overview of the use of ethnographic methods in drug research, synthesizes more than one hundred years of study on the human encounter with psychotropic drugs. J. Bryan Page and Merrill Singer create a comprehensive examination of the whole field of drug ethnography-methodology that involves access to the hidden world of drug users, the social spaces they frequent, and the larger structural forces that help construct their worlds. They explore the important intersections of drug ethnography with globalization, criminalization, public health (including the HIV/AIDS epidemic, hepatitis, and other diseases), and gender, and also provide a practical guide of the methods and career paths of ethnographers.

Following the routinization of assisted reproduction in the industrialized world, technologies such as in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and DNA-based paternity testing have traveled globally and are now being offered to couples in numerous non-Western countries. This volume explores the application and impact of these advanced reproductive and genetic technologies in societies across the globe. By highlighting both the cross-cultural similarities and diverse meanings that technologies may assume as they enter multiple contexts, the book aims to foster understanding of both the technologies and the settings. Enhanced by cross-cultural perspectives, the book addresses the challenges that globalization presents to local understandings of science, technology, and medicine.

'An accessible and entertaining read, useful to anybody interested in the ethnographic method.'- Paul Miller, University of Cumbria'A very good introduction to ethnographic research, particularly useful for first time researchers.'- Heather Macdonald, Chester University'The perfect introductory guide for students embarking on qualitative research for the first time... This should be of aid to the ethnographic novice in their navigating what is a theoretically complex and changing methodological field.'- Patrick Turner, London Metropolitan University An accessible, authoritative, non-nonsense guide to the key concepts in one of the most widely used methodologies in social science: Ethnography, this book: Explores and summarises the basic and related issues in ethnography that are covered nowhere else in a single text. Examines key topics like sampling, generalising, participant observation and rapport, as well as embracing new fields such as virtual, visual and multi-sighted ethnography and issues such as reflexivity, writing and ethics. Presents each concept comprehensively yet critically, alongside relevant examples. This is not quite an encyclopaedia but far more than a dictionary. It is comprehensive yet brief. It is small and neat, easy to hold and flick through. It is what students and researchers have been waiting for.