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In 1683 Samuel Pepys accompanied George Legge, Lord Dartmouth, to Tangier as his secretary. During the voyage Pepys kept another brief diary and miscellaneous notes which contain valuable information about the navy. He recorded his concerns, as well as the views of the sea officers and others with him. Richard Leake, master gunner, was criticised by Pepys for not being able to hit the side of the target, and for not being able to get the charges correct to blow up the forts. He recorded that Captain David Lloyd, a sea officer, was also a painter with a good reputation.Pepys records his views about the merits of gentleman captains and their behaviour compared to ‘tarpaulin captains'. He also collected in these Papers every story he could, about the alleged immorality and corruptness of Arthur Herbert, the commander-in-chief of the English Mediterranean fleet, in order to discredit him with the king. Herbert had, in fact, returned to England before Pepys had arrived in Tangier. The source of the stories about Herbert's behaviour, in the Tangier Papers, came from old friends of Pepys and Herbert's enemies, and are not to be trusted, or accepted as a true account of what Herbert achieved; this can only be traced through Herbert's own letters and the unpublished admiralty papers in the Public Record Office.

In his lifetime Washington was the most influential African American in the United States. In this volume the editors hope to convey the shaping forces of his early life. They have gathered and annotated more than 400 documents, including letters, speeches, articles, and other writings from shortly after Washington's birth in 1856 to the death of his second wife in 1889. Much of the material relates to the founding of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. Washington's life became so interwoven with his school that to illustrate his career is also to tell the story of the institution.

Here is the first of fifteen volumes in a project C. Vann Woodward called'the single most important research enterprise now under way in the field of American black history.'Volume 1 contains Washington's Up from Slavery, one of the most widely read American autobiographies, in addition to The Story of My Life and Work, and six other autobiographical writings. Together, the selections provide readers with a first step toward understanding Washington and his immense impact. These writings reveal the moral values he absorbed from his mid-nineteenth-century experiences and teachers. As importantly, they present him to the world as he wished to be seen: as the black version of the American success hero and an exemplar of the Puritan work ethic that he believed to be the secret of his success. These works, along with so much of Washington's writing, served as a model for many black Americans striving to overcome poverty and prejudice.

Hailed by John Hope Franklin as'a major event by any standards,'and by Benjamin Quarles as'of the greatest significance for the study of race relations in America,'The Booker T. Washington Papers represent one of the most critically acclaimed documentary projects of recent decades. The collected fourteen volumes in the series cover the whole of Washington's life, from his classic Up from Slavery and other early autobiographical works through the tributes lavished on him after his death in 1915. In each individual volume, letters, speeches, articles, and other writings provide rich documentation and a multi-dimensional perspective on the man, his work, and his times. Volume One delves into the experiences, teachings, and moral values Washington believed to be at the core of his later success; Volume Two tells the interwoven stories of Washington's life and his role in establishing the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute; Volume Three charts Washington's rise to prominence as an educator, race leader, and a political broker who used Tuskegee as a base of operations for growing his influence with white philanthropists in the North, southern white leaders, and the black community; Volume Four finds Washington an increasingly accepted national figure in the wake of his Atlanta Compromise speech and addressing both black and white audiences amidst a rising tide of racial inequality; Volume Five follows the uncertain course Washington walked as he publically conformed to the moderate racial politics laid out in the Atlanta Compromise address while covertly involving himself in civil rights struggles via the National Negro Business League and through his political and personal connections; Volume Six covers Washington's 1901 meeting with President Theodore Roosevelt and the controversy that ensued, plus his secret challenges to white supremacy in the South, the Tuskegee Institute's widening influence, and the diminishing prospects for African American rights throughout the country; Volume Seven continues to examine the influence of Washington on Roosevelt and other powerful whites even as he faces new African American challenges to his leadership and philosophy; Volume Eight shows Washington at the peak of his influence and fame, advising presidents on the one hand and controlling a Tuskegee-centered patronage machine on the other while laboring to stem black opposition to his leadership; Volume Nine reveals Washington's advocacy of moderate solutions to racial conflict faltering in the face of intense racism even as he redoubled his efforts to silence black opponents, build a political machine, influence the black press, and maintain his autocratic rule over Tuskegee; Volume Ten explores Washington's political clashes with the new Taft Administration and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, his ongoing efforts to promote better race relations and improve black educational and economic opportunity through outreach to whites and African Americans, and his leadership at Tuskegee; Volume Eleven tracks Washington on his travels and lecture tours in the U.S. and overseas, but also documents his failing fortunes as both an adviser to presidents and administrator of the Tuskegee political machine, and the harm to his reputation in the wake of being assaulted under unusual circumstances in 1911; Volume Twelve covers the last three years of Washington's life when, freed from the constraints he had felt as a presidential adviser, he became more openly critical of racial injustice; Volume Thirteen includes much of the response to Washington's death in 1915, when the likes of Theodore Roosevelt, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Andrew Carnegie paid him public tributes and media on both sides of the color line mourned his passing; V

In 1958 the Canadian Political Science Association established a committee to look into ways and means of improving statistical research in the Social Sciences in Canada. One of the ways in which the committee thought this could be done was by establishing an annual forum where papers could be presented and discussed. The papers given at the first in 1960 have already appeared, and the second volume contains six of the ten papers given at Sir George Williams University, Montreal, in 1961. The papers are diverse alike in subject and statistical method, but most are concerned with recent population and labour movements. The papers are:'Regional Aspects of Labour Mobility in Canada, 1956-1959'by H.F. Greenway and G.W. Wheatley;'The Flow of Migration among the Provinces of Canada, 1951-1961'by Yoshiko Kasashara;'La Détermination des zones agricoles sous-marginates'by Gérald Fortin;'Some Calculations Relating to Trends and Fluctuations in the Post-War Canadian Labour Market'by Frank T. Denton;'Inter-Industry Estimates of Canadian Imports, 1949-1958'by T.I. Matuszewski, Paul R. Pitts, and John A. Swayer; and'Population Migration in the Atlantic Provinces'by Kari Levitt.

Kinship and History in South Asia presents four papers given at a small conference of kinship studies scholars, “Kinship and History in South Asia,” at the University of Toronto in 1973. They draw upon one another and show several common concerns, particularly the theoretical importance of Dravidian systems. Yey they remain specialist studies, each within its own raison d'être. Brendra E. F. Beck contributes a study of the “kinship nucleus” in Tamil folklore, Levi-Straussian both in its treatment of kinship and of mythology. George L. Hart's study of woman and the sacred in the ancient Tamil literature of the Sangam attempts to elucidate this literature in its own terms, and also to relate it to Beck's “kinship nucleus.” Thomas R. Trautmann presents a critical examination of the evidence for cross-cousin marriage in early North India, attempting to determine historical fact from literary materials. Narendra K. Wagle offers a survey of the kinship categories to be found in the Pali Jatakas.

This paper describes what the limits to growth are. The paper highlights that many critical variables in global society—particularly population and industrial production—have been growing at a constant percentage rate so that, by now, the absolute increase each year is extremely large. Such increases will become increasingly unmanageable unless deliberate action is taken to prevent such exponential growth. The paper also underscores that physical resources—particularly cultivable land and nonrenewable minerals—and the earth's capacity to “absorb” pollution are finite.

This volume contains revised versions of the papers presented in 1971 at the Princeton University Conference on Discrimination in Labor Markets, and the formal discussions of them.This paper is by Kenneth Arrow, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, who lays the theoretical foundations of the economic analysis of discrimination in labor markets. Finis Welch discusses the relationship between schooling and labor market discrimination. Orley Ashenfelter's paper presents a method for estimating the effect of an important institution—trade unionism—on the wages of black workers relative to whites. Ronald Oaxaca provides a framework for measuring the extent of discrimination against women. Finally, Phyllis Wallace examines public policy on discrimination and suggests strategies for public policy in this area.Originally published in 1974.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Tetrahedron Letters: The International Organ for the Rapid Publication of Preliminary Communications in Organic Chemistry, Number 1-30 1963 presents developments in theoretical and experimental organic chemistry. The journal is published weekly to a large, international group of scientists. The publication facilitates the immediate and wide dissemination of various scientific papers from researchers all over the world in the field of organic chemistry. The current volume provides research papers that discuss such subjects as the cyclo-addition of 1,3-butadienes to aromatic hydrocarbons to form indans; acidic deacetylation of sugar acetates; and the biogenetic-type synthesis of emetine. Theoretical and experimental organic chemists will find the journal very useful.

The Chinese Communist system was from its very inception based on an inherent contradiction and tension, and the Cultural Revolution is the latest and most violent manifestation of that contradiction. Built into the very structure of the system was an inner conflict between the desiderata, the imperatives, and the requirements that technocratic modernization on the one hand and Maoist values and strategy on the other. The Cultural Revolution collects four papers prepared for a research conference on the topic convened by the University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies in March 1968. Michel Oksenberg opens the volume by examining the impact of the Cultural Revolution on occupational groups including peasants, industrial managers and workers, intellectuals, students, party and government officials, and the military. Carl Riskin is concerned with the economic effects of the revolution, taking up production trends in agriculture and industry, movements in foreign trade, and implications of Masoist economic policies for China's economic growth. Robert A. Scalapino turns to China's foreign policy behavior during this period, arguing that Chinese Communists in general, and Mao in particular, formed foreign policy with a curious combination of cosmic, utopian internationalism and practical ethnocentrism rooted both in Chinese tradition and Communist experience. Ezra F. Vogel closes the volume by exploring the structure of the conflict, the struggles between factions, and the character of those factions.

Presents papers which were discussed at the Arden House Conference—a conference held to establish a working relationship between sociologists at the Russell Sage Foundation and journalists of the Graduate School of Journalism of Columbia University. Both behavioral science and journalism have for a long time been concerned with some of the same major national social problems—juvenile delinquency, urban problems, race and minority group relations, international tensions, and labor relations. These papers touch on some of the barriers to communication and point to possible ways of breaking through those barriers.

This paper discusses the study on development planning conducted by a small group within the World Bank. The study reveals that most countries not only encounter the same planning problems, they make the same mistakes. The paper highlights that although most countries with development plans have not succeeded in carrying them out, some countries without national development plans or national planning agencies have been developing rapidly. The paper also highlights that the lack of government support is the prime reason why so few development plans are carried out.

A volume of the Russell Sage Foundation's Social Science Frontiers, occasional publications reviewing new fields for social science development. This paper explores the links between the social and biomedical sciences concerning the prolongation and termination of life, with the aim to stimulate scholars, foundations, and government agencies to further study death and dying in American society.

Examines the dramatic changes in the philanthropic behavior of business corporations in their support of education, health, welfare, and the arts. This analysis shows how traditional patterns of corporate philanthropy have undergone changes across the years, and how, presently, a favorable attitude exists toward giving. The author traces these shifts through periods of depression, war, and peace. He examines economic and non-economic reasons for the growth of corporate giving, and treats the innovative role of company-sponsored foundations.

Contributors in this volume are concerned with the role of exchange in maintaining social systems as diverse as aboriginal Australia, 1960s Madagascar, and prehistoric Mesopotamia. Contributions by Aram A. Yengoyan, George C. Frison, Richard I. Ford, Stuart Struever, Gail L. Houart, Peter Benedict, Henry T. Wright, Conrad P. Kottak, and Kent V. Flannery.

Charles H. McNutt reports on excavations at the Tesuque By-Pass site in the northern Rio Grande Valley, north of Santa Fe, New Mexico. He found three Puebloan components and two pithouse occupations, spanning the period from about AD 900 to 1300. He includes detailed discussions of pottery and related ceramic complexes, as well as comparisons to other occupations in the area. Appendix on faunal remains by Arthur J. Jelinek.

The Marksville site, which is believed to be contemporaneous with and connected to Hopewell sites in Ohio and Illinois, is in Avoyelles Parish in central Louisiana, in the Lower Mississippi Valley. In this volume, Alan Toth compiles information drawn from three early archaeological excavations at Marksville. The excavations were led by Gerard Fowke in 1926; Frank M. Setzler and James A. Ford in 1933; and Robert S. Neitzel and Edwin B. Doran in 1939. Includes a ceramic analysis for all three excavations, black and white photographs of ceramics, and 14 tables of ceramic counts.

For this volume, Alexis A. Praus compiled a bibliography of publications on Michigan archaeology. The sources listed are from public libraries and university libraries in Michigan, as well as the Chicago Public Library, the Boston Public Library, the Harvard Peabody Museum, and other collections.

China's efforts to stimulate industrial development and economic growth through the allocation of investments are analyzed. Cheng concludes with an overall assessment of the distinctive features of the allocation pattern. Includes 41 statistical tables.

Contains two detailed case studies. In “The Fu-t'ien Incident, December 1930,” Ronald Suleski describes the pivotal incident in the power struggle between Mao Zedong and the Communist Central Committee. Daniel Bays's study of “Agrarian Reform in Kwangtung, 1950–1953” focuses upon the measures taken by the Chinese Communist Party to control and eventually collectivize rural elites in Kwangtung province.

This bibliography includes publications issued between 1956 and August 1968 that reproduce Chinese paintings now in Chinese public or private collections. The great majority of these publications were produced in Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Japan. Each publication included in the bibliography has been provided with a detailed physical description of the publication itself: the amounts of text, the number of plates in color and in monochrome, and a general evaluation of the quality of the reproductions. The title by which each work is referred to in the index is included at the end of each entry.

This work is an enquiry into the nature of tribalism in Morocco and its historical relationship to the central government. Employing the Air Ndhir as an example, this study attempts to establish a model for the traditional sociopolitical organization of a semi-nomadic Berber tribe of the Middle Atlas and examine the dynamics of the makhzan-tribal symbiosis during the latter half of the 19th century.

This volume is a collection of reports from the 1950s and 1960s, when the use of radiocarbon dating in archaeology was still very new. Contributors: James E. Fitting, Charles E. Cleland, Lewis R. Binford, Arthur J. Jelinek.

Examines the conditions under which motives to achieve are fostered in children. The papers included in this volume reflect the major traditions of research in the field and bring together a set of studies for achieving a better understanding of the ways in which achievement-related personality characteristics develop and function in evaluative or competitive situations.

The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.

Economic development in mainland China during the first two decades of Communist control provides a typical example for the difficult task to transform a vast underdeveloped agrarian economy into a modern industrial one. In the first half of this period, a series of massive transformations of social and economic institutions was accompanied by a drafted industrialization program; the result was an impressive speed-up in economic growth. The second decade witnessed an economic crisis (1960–62) and a political upheaval (1966–68). These disruptions marred the economic performance over the period as a whole. Consequently, the long-term growth rate appears to have been only moderate. The Economy of Communist China reviews selected aspects of the economy. After examining the development strategy, it analyzes the quantitative trends and the structural changes. The book goes on to analyze the key factors contributing to the earlier growth and the elements responsible for the later disruption and finally assesses the impact of the Cultural Revolution on the Chinese economy and the prospects of the current Third Five-Year Plan. The text includes a bibliography of selected materials on Chinese economic development.

The student of Chinese painting must from time to time consult John C. Ferguson's Li-tai chu-lu hua mu, an index to Chinese paintings recorded in Chinese catalogues. The catalogues in which the paintings are compiled are of equal interest: their compilers, the date of their compilation, their scope, their derivation, their merits and shortcomings, and so on. An Annotated Bibliography of Chinese Painting Catalogues and Related Texts provides a way for English-language students with limited knowledge of Chinese to find basic information on the catalogues in an easily available form.

Carole L. Crumley draws on literary and archaeological sources to present a study of Celtic social structure during the period of about 500 BC to AD 1, prior to Roman conquest.

Arthur J. Jelinek describes the results of his archaeological surveys and excavations in east central New Mexico and provides a prehistoric cultural sequence of the Middle Pecos Valley, from the Paleoindian period to the Late McKenzie Phase. With a contribution on pollen analysis by Paul S. Martin.

This paper analyzes how increasing population will impact the lives of people in the world in 2000. It underscores that in 2000, there will be more people, many living in crowded towns, suffering from even greater difficulties of transport and urban sprawl, both upward and outward. The provision of satisfactory housing for the mass of the population will be difficult, because, without subsidy, its construction would demand rentals equal at least to the occupant's annual income, while to subsidize so many tenants would be impossible.

In this work, anthropologist Robert Leroy Canfield discusses several powerful social systems in central Afghanistan and their impact on the geographical distribution of religious sects in the area. Territorial groups, the kinship network, and community fission all play a part in why people live where they do. Canfield did his fieldwork among the residents of the province of Bamian during the years 1966 to 1968.

In this volume, Elman R. Service describes the Guarani culture at the time of Spanish colonization in Paraguay and explores the reasons why the encomienda system resulted in the rapid acculturation of the Guarani in this region.

In this study, author Guy E. Swanson examines the rules of descent as they relate to regime, socialization, and social control. Using data from many different societies, he discusses the relationship of patriliny, matriliny, and bilaterality with economic and social structures.

Prufer offers the first comprehensive analysis of ceramics from 13 Ohio Hopewell sites, including Harness, Mound City, Seip, Turner, and others. Includes 75+ sherd profiles and photographs.

Whether humans crossed the seas between the Old World and the New in the times before Columbus is a tantalizing question that has long excited scholarly interest and tempted imaginations the world over. From the myths of Atlantis and Mu to the more credible, perhaps, but hardly less romantic tales of Viking ships and Buddhist missionaries, people have speculated upon what is, after all, not simply a question of contact, but of the nature and growth of civilization itself. To the specialist, it is an important question indeed. If people in the Western Hemisphere and in the Eastern Hemisphere developed their cultures more or less independently from the end of the last Ice Age until the voyages of Columbus, the remarkable similarities between New World and Old World cultures reveal something important about the evolution of culture. If, on the other hand, there were widespread or sustained contacts between the hemispheres in pre-Columbian times, these contacts represent events of vast significance to the prehistory and history of humanity. Originally delivered at a symposium held in May 1968, during the national meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, the papers presented here, by scholars eminent in the field, offer differing points of view and considerable evidence on the pros and cons of pre-Columbian contact between the Old World and the New. Various kinds of data—archaeological, botanical, geographical, and historical—are brought to bear on the problem, with provocative and original results. Introductory and concluding remarks by the editors pull together and evaluate the evidence and suggest ground rules for future studies of this sort. Man across the Sea provides no final answers as to whether people from Asia, Africa, or Europe visited the American Indian before Columbus. It does, however, present new evidence, suggested lines of approach, and a fresh attempt to delineate the problems involved and to establish acceptable canons of evidence for the future.

First published in 1932, Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan is a general conspectus of the people, traditions, culture, and ways of thought in southern Sudan. The authors give their view of the remote racial origins of the people with whom their studies are concerned and then of the great sub-racial units whom they class as ‘dolichocephals'and ‘mesaticephals'respectively. The former comprise, first, the Nilotes – Shilluk, Nuer and Dinka, who live and move and have their being in an atmosphere of cattle, and who, it is thought, had their cradleland somewhere east of the Great Lakes – and, second, the Nilo-Hamites, such as the true Bari, various Lotuko-speaking tribes, etc. The mesaticephals consist of the Fung-Nuba peoples on the one hand and, on the other, the South-Western group of whom Azande are the best known. Exceptional interest is attached to the research conducted among the Bari. The social organization of this tribe is complex and curious, particularly their beliefs regarding rain-stones, rainmakers and clouds. The language used is a reflection of its era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this republication. This book will be of interest to students of history, anthropology, ethnography, and ethnic studies.

First published in 1974, The Bantu-Speaking Peoples of Southern Africa is a revised and rewritten version of I. Schapera's ethnographical survey of the Bantu-speaking tribes of South Africa. New South African contributors place on record all the known facts of the physical characteristics and traditional cultures of these peoples, as well as documenting the important social, cultural and economic changes that have occurred since the coming of the white man. This book will be of interest to students of anthropology, sociology, African studies, and history.

First published in 1965, Africa provides a geographical, political, economic and social description of the continent. Contemporary Africa is a continent of change and revolutions. The diversity and limitations of the African environment gives us a fuller understanding of the explosive dynamism of the African economic and social scene. This book will be of interest to students of geography, economy, anthropology and political science.

First published in 1973, The Symmetrical Family combines evidence about the family of the past with information from a sociological survey in the London region and uses both as the basis for a speculative discussion about the future. The argument is that a new style of family life has emerged. Its basis is not equality between husbands and wives but at least something approaching symmetry: increasingly wives work outside the home and husbands inside it. The new family is itself under increasing pressure. Contrary to the popular view, there is yet no sign of a general increase in leisure. In some occupations work is dominant and becoming more so; at the same time the proportions of people in such jobs, though still in the minority, are expanding. The growing demand of wives for paid work outside the home means that in place of two jobs, one for the husband and one for the wife, there will often be four, with both working inside as well as outside the home. How long will people be able to bear the consequent strain? In a final chapter the authors discuss what they think will happen unless people decide quite deliberately, to reduce the pressure upon themselves and their children. This book will be of interest to students of sociology, health, social care, anthropology and public policy.

First published in 1957, The Family Life of Old People opens with the question: Are old people isolated from their families? Thereafter, the author describes the results of intensive interviews with people of pensionable age in Bethnal Green in East London. Part one shows that most people are members of closely-knit extended families of three generations, often living in separate households in adjoining streets. The life of these families is of absorbing interest and the social structure of the home, the system of family care and the domestic, economic and social relationships between husbands and their wives, and between old people and their children and brothers and sisters, are carefully analysed. Part two discusses the social problems of old age against this background. This book will be of interest to students of sociology and gerontology.

Im Rahmen des Projekts Duncker & Humblot reprints heben wir Schätze aus dem Programm der ersten rund 150 Jahre unserer Verlagsgeschichte, von der Gründung 1798 bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1945. Lange vergriffene Klassiker und Fundstücke aus den Bereichen Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Geschichte, Philosophie und Literaturwissenschaft werden nach langer Zeit wieder verfügbar gemacht – und zwar sowohl gedruckt als auch in elektronischer Form. Einige Titel sind bereits erschienen. Täglich kommen weitere hinzu. Bis Ende des Jahres wird das »Duncker & Humblot reprints«-Programm auf ca. 1.500 Bände anwachsen. Möchten Sie regelmäßig über Neuerscheinungen aus dem reprints-Programm informiert werden? Dann abonnieren Sie unseren E-Mail-Benachrichtigungsdienst.

First published in 1974, Concepts in Social Administration draws on a wide range of theoretical disciplines to examine a number of concepts which are basic to the study of the social services individually and as a whole. The topics discussed are of vital importance to students of social administration and include the relationship between welfare capitalism and the social services, the definition of need, the distribution of resources, professionalism and the structure of the social services, and the question of consumer influence and the balance of power in the provision social services.Designed especially for teachers and students of social administration, this is a lucid exploration of the philosophy and concepts which are relevant to the discipline of social administration. It offers a framework for the subject which transcends the study of individual services on which most of the literature is based.

First Published in 1959, The Soviet Union and the Middle East attempts to shed light on the evolution of Soviet attitudes toward the Middle East, its problems, challenges, and opportunities since 1917. Divided into two parts, the first part'The Soviet Image of the Middle East'presents an investigation into the sources of Soviet policy in that area, while the second part'The Great Breakthrough'explores the political, social, and economic conditions in the Middle East. The volume discusses themes like storm over Asia, the arms deal, the year of Suez, the Syrian Crisis of 1957, Soviet trade and economic aid (1954-1958), Soviet cultural policy and the intellectual climate in the Arab world, communism in the Middle East (1955-1958) and communism and Arab nationalism, to ask larger questions like did the Soviet Communists expect the revolutionary events in Asia? Were they instrumental in bringing them about or did they occur quite independently? This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of political history, international relations, West Asian Studies, Russian Studies, and history of communism.

First published in 1969, Water, Earth, and Man, was written to demonstrate the advantages of adopting a unified view of the earth and social sciences. The book considers the connection between an understanding of physical environments and an understanding of social environments. It explores the hydrologic cycle and highlights the significance of the relationship between natural environments and the activities of humankind, drawing together physical and human geography to produce a highly detailed study.

A volume of Social Science Frontiers, a series of publications reviewing new fields for social development, aimed at foundation executives, administrators of research grant programs, directors of research organizations, and others concerned with making contemporary social science more useful for the function of social reporting.

This report explores the complex ethical, political, psychological, and economic questions that arise from developments in medical genetics. It reviews research in applied genetics at the interface of the social and bio-medical fields, including the counseling and study of birth control, as well as the active treatment and selection of individual genetic attributes.

Complementing the focus on the structural and social-psychological aspects of measuring social change, this report establishes a research approach relating social measurement to antecedent and consequent political considerations: political values, policy impact, power consequences, administrative influences, institutionalization, and so forth. This study is directed to any social scientist interested in political phenomena and in the issue of the relationship between social science and public policy.

The Italian spoken in most of Tuscany is characterized by a number of peculiar pronunciations which for over half a century Romance scholars have explained by a theory of linguistic substratum influence. This theory postulates that present-day Tuscan pronunciation is a survival of the'foreign accent'with which the ancient Etruscans must have spoken Latin when Rome first began to extend its power and language over the rest of Italy. Professor Izzo has undertaken a new and thorough investigation of modern Tuscan pronunciation, disproving this hypothesis and providing a definitive conclusion to the debate. He delineates clearly the errors in reasoning of those who trace the Tuscan pronunciation to an Etruscan influence, and presents his conclusions objectively. This study will interest Romance linguists, especially historians of the Italian language; but it will also interest historical linguists in general, for by disproving one of the most plausible and best-documented cases of alleged substratum influence, it casts doubt on many other cases where such influence has been claimed with little evidence.

In The Forgotten Ones, originally published in 1972, Anne-Marie Henshel examines the lives of a group of persons living within the community who had been diagnosed at one time or another as mentally retarded. The analysis makes use of three sets of comparisons—Anglo and Chicano, married and single, male and female—and the subjects in each category are analyzed in terms of personal characteristics, employment situation, material possessions, living conditions, family background, social activities, and contacts with “officials”—including the police. In addition, Henshel gives a detailed presentation of the conjugal lives of the married subjects: mutual feelings, marital satisfaction, reproduction, parenthood. All data were gathered through three in-depth interviews with each subject, at intervals of about three months. In the case of a married respondent, the spouse was interviewed simultaneously, whenever possible, but separately. Interviewer was matched with subject by sex and ethnicity. Although the respondent's reports were complemented by the interviewer's perception, emphasis was placed on the individual's perception of his or her own situation, and the data were analyzed accordingly. The predominant themes are cultural differences between the two ethnic groups, especially in marriage, the relative superiority of the married over the single, the advantages and disadvantages of the male and the female in view of sex-role norms, and some of the problems with which the respondents are besieged—on the whole, problems very similar to those of other poor people. All-pervasive are social isolation, loneliness, lack of money, deficient education, poor physical appearance, failure in birth-control efforts, the presence of handicapped children, and the need for humane guidance and training. Suggestions for improving relations with individuals once labeled retardates are presented in the last chapter.

The Plays of Grillparzer presents a compilation of the works of Franz Grillparzer, a famous Austrian dramatist, with emphasis on the significant features of his dramatic technique. This book presents some generalizations about what characterizes his tragedies and makes them effective. Comprised of five chapters, this book starts with an overview of Grillparzer's two plays for the popular stage, namely, Die Ahnfrau (1897) and Der Traum ein Leben (1834). This text then reviews the characteristics of Grillparzer's Greek tragedies wherein he prefers direct action to narrative. Other chapters examine the classic spirit of his second poetic drama, Sappho, which is characterized as halfway between a tragedy of fate and a tragedy of character. The final chapter examines the characterization in Grillparzer's third play, Libussa, wherein he uses an unusual extent to explain a situation, or the speaker's plans and emotions. This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested in Franz Grillparzer's works.