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Erstmals werden die Biographieverläufe und Lebenswelten der Hinterbliebenen erforscht, die ihre Nächsten (Kinder, Eltern, Familienmitglieder etc.) durch einen rechtsterroristischen Anschlag in Deutschland verloren haben. Der Fokus der Forschung erstreckt sich dabei über drei Jahrzehnte. Die Studie legt das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Perspektive der Hinterbliebenen, wie sie den Tag des rechten Terrors, den Aufklärungsprozess danach wahrgenommen und verarbeitet haben. Insbesondere werden die biographischen, habituellen und gedächtnistheoretischen Verletzungen und Veränderungen untersucht, die durch rechtsterroristische Gewalt evoziert wurden.

This volume helps us understand the transformations of terrorist organisations, and the conflicts they are involved in, by broadening the perspective on what is considered terrorist learning.Using a variety of methodological approaches and empirical data, the volume offers a look at the clandestine inner lives of groups from different continents and ideological backgrounds in order to explore from whom they learn and how, and what the outcomes are. Their internal and external interactions are examined within their socio-political contexts to illuminate how they adapt to challenges or fail to do so. Unpacking the question of ‘how do terrorists learn'helps us to grasp not only changes of violent means of action but also of operational and strategic approaches and, ultimately, even transformations of the ends pursued. The chapters demonstrate that terrorist learning is not principally different from that of other human organisations. The contributors draw on conceptual frameworks of organizational learning, but also broaden the scope beyond the organizational framework to acknowledge the variety of forms of informal and decentralized learning characteristic of much contemporary terrorism.This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, violent extremism, organisational studies and International Relations.

This book provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of the reconceptualization of preventive warfare in the 21st century. It discusses how the US launched and fought some wars to prevent future vague threats and how that practice has fundamentally undermined the legal system and the main principles of the use of force in ways that not only further US dominance but shield powerful actors from accountability. The US redefined key legal concepts to set up a new legal framework for preventive warfare and, consequently, introduced new practices for carrying out preventive military operations. Drawing on a collection of case studies, on the changes in the jus ad bellum and jus in bello, focusing mainly on Afghanistan and Iraq and beyond, the book shows how violations of the law of war were persistently conducted in the 21st century by supposedly democratic countries that claimed to be upholding the law. It explores three types of preventive warfare – that is, preventive national self-defense, preventive on-the-spot reactions, and preventive “security” detention – to show how they blurred the line between civilians and legitimate military targets, and thus increased the risk of causing harm to civilians. The book speaks to students, scholars, and practitioners from the fields of criminology, law, international relations, political science, critical security studies, and critical military studies.

Violent Extremism: A Nordic Outlook illuminates the global issue of violent extremism, with a particular focus on Sweden and the Nordic countries. This concise volume leverages empirical research to uncover the mechanisms and dynamics driving violent extremism, setting itself apart in a field often criticized for a lack of data-driven analysis. The contributors employ unique Nordic data to offer insights on violent extremism, examining its organization, the evolution of extremist groups, online presence, and societal impact. Aimed at fostering a deeper understanding of the complexities of violent extremism, the contributions draw on several social science perspectives to enhance prevention and intervention strategies. This approach not only enriches our grasp of extremist organizations and individual paths in to or out of extremism but informs effective counter measures. Essential reading for policymakers, researchers, and security professionals, this volume offers practical, empirical insights on tackling a pressing challenge in societies around the globe.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This collection is the first on ex-extremists and combatants (Formers) in violence prevention work. While the engagement of Formers in violence prevention programs--especially in the context of countering and preventing violent extremism (P/CVE), and peacebuilding--has expanded across the world, their involvement has been controversial and contested. This volume captures a variety of work Formers are engaged in across a range of contexts, broadly divided into three themes on their effectiveness, ethical considerations, and implementation. Written by a range of authors with diverse perspectives including academics, former extremists, peer mentors, program leaders, and practicing psychologists, chapters include Formers in North American research, the role of former Northern Irish combatants in peacebuilding, collaborating with Formers, the ethical imperatives of engaging Formers in P/CVE efforts, and more. Taken together, the book ultimately offers a snapshot of the ongoing policy debates while contributing to the future direction of work involving Formers in violence prevention.

This short book focuses on the Disappearances that occurred during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Using in-depth interviews with thirteen families of those individuals who were abducted, murdered and secretly buried from the 1970's onwards, this book examines the experience of the families and communities left behind. Through an exploration of the historic and cultural origins of the contemporary IRA and how they came to be in the position of power within Catholic/Nationalist communities during the troubles, the context to the disappearances are presented. This book reviews the journey undertaken by the families, from the initial disappearance of their loved one and the suffocating silence that followed, through their coming together as a self-help group. It follows their lobbying on a national and international basis leading to the return of the bodies of some of their loved ones and the solidarity which leads them to fight on as a group to recover the bodies that remain missing. It also examines the involvement of the British and Irish and American governments in the set up of the International Commission for the Location of Victim's Remains and tells the story of the Clinton's personal involvement in supporting the families in their ongoing quest for recovery. It is written accessibly for researchers and practitioners.

This book offers a completely new approach to the complex social phenomenon of the Mafia: In addition to the origins, organization and actions of the Mafia, the author Anita Bestler examines above all the close connection between organized crime and politics. In the process, readers [also] gain an interesting insight into the complicated political development of Italy from the founding of the state to the present, as well as an answer as to why Italians have a different political mindset.

Dieses Handbuch behandelt alle aktuellen Praxisfragen der Sicherheitswirtschaft u.a. aus rechtlicher, betriebswirtschaftlicher und technischer Sicht. Im Fokus des Handbuchs stehen zudem Öffentlich-Private Sicherheitskooperationen, also die Beauftragung der Sicherheitswirtschaft mit Sicherheitsdienstleistungen durch die öffentliche Hand (Luftsicherheitsdienste, ÖPNV-Dienste etc.). Das durchgängig interdisziplinäre Handbuch richtet sich an Praktiker•innen der Sicherheitswirtschaft, der Unternehmenssicherheit und der staatlichen Verwaltung, kann aber auch Forschung und Lehre an Hochschulen als zentrales Nachschlagewerk dienen.

This book examines the police response to the terrorist attacks in case studies that occurred in Mumbai (2008), Paris (2015), Brussels (2016) and Manchester (2017). The methodological approach to the case studies is comparative and features an interactive framework that incorporates a number of key variables. These variables include an examination of each of the terrorist attacks, a description of the terrorists involved, their actions, the response of the police and any weaknesses and strengths identified in the police response.Following the introduction, the book comprises of three sections. The first section looks at the theory of the police response to terrorism. The second section includes the presentation of the four case study terrorist attacks. The third and final section includes an analysis and comparison of the case study attacks and an examination on how the police response to terrorist attacks could be improved. It is ideal for policing professionals.

Das Buch verfolgt ausgehend von einem gruppensoziologischen Ansatz die Frage, warum der Nationalsozialistische Untergrund (NSU) über Jahre unentdeckt im Untergrund operieren konnte. Dadurch stehen in dieser Untersuchung die Dynamiken innerhalb der NSU-Kerngruppe sowie ihr Verhältnis zu ihrem Unterstützungsnetzwerk und zu außenstehenden Dritten im Fokus. Aus dieser Perspektive sind es insbesondere die persönlichen Vertrauensbeziehungen zwischen Uwe Böhnhardt, Uwe Mundlos, Beate Zschäpe und schließlich zu ihren engen Unterstützern, die für die erfolgreiche Stabilisierung und Geheimhaltung des NSU prägend sind. Damit leistet dieses Buch einen weiteren Beitrag zur Untersuchung des NSU-Komplexes und richtet sich an Forschende, die sich für eine gruppensoziologische Auseinandersetzung mit einer Terrorgruppe interessieren.

Der Band thematisiert Fragen von Führung, Recht und Organisation in Krisensituationen: Welche Ansätze gibt es für die Führung von Menschen in Krisen und welche kritischen Eigenschaften sollten führende Personen selbst reflektieren? Für welche Fälle wappnet das Grundgesetz und welche aktuellen Fragen stellen sich zwischen Cyberwar, künstlicher Intelligenz und Covid-19? Und welche Antworten diskutieren Organisationen, die kritische Infrastrukturen für unsere Gesellschaft bereitstellen? Die Autoren des Bandes beleuchten diese Aspekte aus Perspektiven von Wissenschaft, Behörden und Unternehmen.

In the post-9/11 era, the nexus between organized crime and terrorism has raised much concern and has been widely discussed in both academic and policy circles, but is still largely misunderstood. This critical book contributes innovatively to the debate by distinguishing three types of nexus—interaction, transformation/imitation and similarities—and identifying the promoting factors of each type.With its multifaceted but complementary chapters, the book provides conceptual and theoretical frameworks for readers, as well as the evidence needed to develop more realistic, effective and humane policies to tackle organized crime, terrorism and the nexuses between them. Bringing together a range of international multidisciplinary specialists, it includes three comparative analyses of worldwide transfers of personnel, weapons and money between organized crime and terrorism and 12 case studies examining local manifestations of the nexus in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Two other chapters further review the national, European and international policies adopted and implemented so far to deal with the different nexuses.This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers in the fields of comparative law, criminal law and justice and public policy, who specialize in the analysis and control of organized crime and terrorism. It will also appeal to senior law enforcement officials and practitioners due to the counterintuitive policy implications drawn from the comparative analysis of the findings.

Insurgent groups consist of individuals willing to organize and commit acts of terror to achieve their goals. By nature, they depend on public support, yet they sometimes target private civilians in addition to military personnel and government officials. This book examines insurgent embeddedness--the extent to which an insurgent group is enmeshed in relationships with the state, other insurgents, and the public--in order to understand why they attack civilians. Using Big Allied and Dangerous (BAAD) as the dataset, this book drills into civilian attacks in specific contexts, including schools, news media, and nonmilitary/nongovernment spaces designed for the general public. This book goes one step further, presenting in-depth analyses of intergroup alliances and rivalries, their changes and determinants over time, and the implications for several types of bloodshed against civilians. Insurgent Terrorism offers a comprehensive, modern approach for academics, students, and policy practitioners who seek to understand interorganizational relationships between insurgent organizations.

This book offers a very interesting deep-dive into EU and South Korean approaches to cybersecurity issues. In a unique approach, the editors and authors focus on the potential for strategic partnership and shared lessons learned given common commitments to democracy, human rights, the free market, and a rules-based international order of the two regions. Essential reading for students and researchers in political science, international relations, international law, strategic and defence studies, computer science, and cognitive science.

Ist das Polizeimanagement lernfähig? Wie äußert sich das in seinem strategischen und operativen Handlungsumfeld? Und: Welchen Einfluss haben institutionell gewachsene Automatismen darauf? Die Polizei als flexible und adaptive Einsatzorganisation ist mit komplexen dynamischen Handlungsfeldern, Risiken und Gefährdungspotenzialen konfrontiert. Neben der täglichen Routinearbeit kommen Demonstrationen, Amokläufe, terroristische Anschläge hinzu. Die Polizei als lernende Organisation sollte daher stets auf unerwartete Ereignisse und sicherheitsrelevante Entwicklungen vorbereitet sein, um sie frühzeitig zu erkennen und folgenarm zu bewältigen. Anhand von drei praktischen Fallbeispielen wird untersucht, ob und wie operative Polizeieinsätze systemorientiert nach Kriterien der lernenden Organisation ablaufen können und wo Verbesserungspotenziale für unerwartete und kritische Situationen möglich oder notwendig sind.

Captivating, concise, and accessible, Essentials of Terrorism: Concepts and Controversies covers key foundational topics by defining terrorism and introducing its history and causes. Author Gus Martin introduces readers to the modern landscape of terrorism and discusses terrorist environments (domestic, international, religious, etc.), as well as tactics, targets, and counterterrorism. Included in the Sixth Edition is an added focus on U.S. hate crimes and homeland security, in addition to new introductory discussions, information, and data throughout each chapter.

This book assesses potential developments of terrorism and ways to prevent it—the growing threats as new technologies become available — and how the same new technologies may help trap those with potential mal-intent. The drumbeat of terror resonates from everywhere; how can we stop it? What are the tripping points along the road and how can we avoid them? Increasingly more people have access to increasingly more information and increasingly more destructive technologies. In the meantime, increasingly advanced technologies help us create an increasingly safer and more harmonious world. Advantages and disadvantages are accelerating each other. While hybrid threats are intensifying, so are the opportunities to address them. But what are the compromises and how can we mitigate them? This book also looks at the unexpected and often random success and failure of policies to counter the evolving terror threat. The various aspects ofthe terrorism phenomena are presented in a unique way using scenario vignettes, which give the reader a realistic perception of the threat. The combination of positive and negative implications of emerging technologies is describing what might well be one of the most important dimensions of our common future.

This book discusses multiple aspects of radiological and nuclear terrorism. Do you know what to do if there is a radiological or nuclear emergency in your city? These accidents are not common, but they have happened – and even though we have not seen an attack using these weapons, governments around the world are making plans for how to prevent them – and for how to respond if necessary. Whether you are an emergency responder, a medical caregiver, a public health official – even a member of the public wanting to know how to keep yourself and your loved ones safe – there is a need to understand how these weapons work, how radiation affects our health, how to stop an attack from taking place, how to respond appropriately in the event of an emergency, and much more.Unfortunately, the knowledge that is needed to accomplish all of this is lacking at all levels of society and government. In this book, Dr. Andrew Karam, an internationally respected expert in radiation safety and multiple aspects of radiological and nuclear emergencies, discusses how these weapons work and what they can do, how they can affect our health, how to keep yourself safe, and how to react appropriately whether you are a police officer investigating a suspect radiological weapon, a firefighter responding to a radiological or nuclear attack, a nurse or physician caring for potentially contaminated patients, or a governmental official trying to keep the public safe. To do this, he draws upon his extensive experience in the military, the several years he worked directly with emergency responders, his service on a number of advisory committees, and multiple trips overseas in the aftermath of the Fukushima accident and on behalf of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Interpol, and the Health Physics Society.

This book examines the socio-psychological dynamics and drivers of terrorism from a humanistic perspective. Most interpret terrorism as meaningless, asocial violence but this book argues that it's not just a case of seeing'who is killing whom'but that defining and understanding terrorism is configured by historical context and immediate experience. The author argues that these acts of terrorist violence can be interpreted as the external expression of repressed feelings and impulses that have been tabooized by mainstream society. Upon release, these terrorists gain a new'nomos'which generates a sense of meaning and significance for them. This book draws on psycho-analytical theories of repression, Heideggerian existentialism, Berger's anthropological concept of culture as ‘nomos', and Roger Griffin's analysis of terrorist fanaticism, adding to the understanding terrorism andcriminality from a new perspective and beyond the usual literature situated in political science, security/war and peace studies. This book seeks to provide: a definition of terrorism, an account of the psychological theory, an explanation of the nomic dimension of terroristic violence, an exploration of the relevance of the new approach to understanding: Salafi jihadism, Al-Qaeda, Islamic State, the Taliban, White Supremacism, the rise of the Radical Right, and reflections on this for combating terrorism. It appeals to those interested in terrorism, conflict, terrorist radicalization and motivation, international relations, politics and religious politics, and to counter-terrorism agencies.

What is terrorism? Can anyone be radicalized? How can we respond to terrorist acts? The Psychology of Terrorism seeks to explain why some acts of violence are considered terrorism and others are not, and why some individuals may be more susceptible to engaging in radical terrorist behavior. Debunking myths and lazy stereotypes, the book delves into some of the most shocking atrocities of our times to discuss the complex and varied psychological characteristics of individual terrorists, organized groups, and their acts. Whilw there is no simple solution, The Psychology of Terrorism shows us that a growing reverse radicalization movement and modern interventionist techniques can give us hope for the future.

Dieses Buch behandelt die Interaktion, Kooperation und Fusion von neuen Akteuren, Strategien, Taktiken und Mitteln des islamistischen Terrorismus und der transnationalen organisierten Kriminalität. Diese müssen als vitale Bedrohungen sowohl für die demokratische, westliche Welt als auch für die human security in Konfliktregionen analysiert werden. Das Buch wurde nach den islamistischen Anschlägen 2020 in Dresden, bei Paris, in Nizza und in Wien aktualisiert und um die neue Entwicklung des IS, neue jihadistischer Internet-Inhalte und eine Analyse aktueller islamistischer Akteure erweitert.

This book explores the connections between migration and terrorism and extrapolates, with the help of current research and case studies, what the future may hold for both issues. Migration and Radicalization: Global Futures looks at how migrants and terrorists have both been treated as Others outside the body politic, how growing migrant flows borne of a rickety state system cause both natives and migrants to turn violent, and how terrorist radicalization and tensions between natives and migrants can be reduced. As he contemplates potential global futures in the light of migration and radicalization, Gabriel Rubin charts a course between contemporary migration and terrorism scholarship, exploring their interactions in a methodologically rigorous but theoretically bold investigation.

In a decade that has seen the rise of far-right extremism, Western countries still face myriad threats of mass violence, including terrorism. Of particular concern is the phenomenon of “lone-wolf terrorism,” whereby acts of political violence are committed by individuals who are operating independently of any organized terrorist group, something which makes them inherently more difficult to identify in advance of an attack. Now there is a need for research that profiles these perpetrators, explores the incidents that occur, and analyzes the shifting changes in mass violence, technology, and terrorist behavior in modern times. Mitigating Mass Violence and Managing Threats in Contemporary Society explores the shifting definitions and implications of mass violence and covers important areas focused on the individuals who partake in these acts as well as weapon choice and the influence of weapon accessibility, how the attention-seeking behavior and promotion of violent actions is evolving, and how technology is used such as disseminating a manifesto prior to the incidents or using live streaming to broadcast incidents of mass violence as they transpire. The book also examines ways to prevent these incidents before they occur, which is a proven challenge with no single accurate profile for offenders, and whether perpetrators of mass violence share similar goals and motivations for their sprees, as well as commonalities in warning behaviors. This comprehensive research work is essential for law enforcement, military officials, defense specialists, national security experts, criminologists, psychologists, government officials, policymakers, lawmakers, professionals, practitioners, academicians, students, and researchers working in the fields of conflict analysis and resolution, crisis management, law enforcement, mental health, education, psychology, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, terrorism, and other social sciences.

As the attacks in Norway, Munich and most recently Christchurch have shown: a new threat is now shaking liberal Western societies. Radicalized right-wing extremists – so-called lone wolves – are engaging in individually planned terror attacks. Written by an expert on terrorism and populism, this book highlights the dynamics of this new breed of terrorism. By providing in-depth insights into the biographies of individual perpetrators, it illustrates the changing profile of the typical lone terrorist. This new kind of terrorist engages in violence without being a member of a party or organization, yet is radicalized by a global right-wing subculture that communicates in virtual networks. This startling and well-written book reveals the ideological roots of lone wolf terrorism and urges governments and civil society to take the threat seriously and implement suitable countermeasures.

This book provides the reader with an introduction to the concept and practice of terrorism embedded within a firm understanding of politics and social structure. It explores the major theories, typologies, strategies, ideologies, practices, and responses to contemporary political terrorism.

This book includes original and ground breaking research into parliamentary law making and legislative responses to counter-terrorism in Australia. This book introduces new, holistic and evidenced-based methods of evaluating how parliaments deliberate on complex policy issues, and how they weigh up competing rights and interests. Although this book is focused on the Australian experience, it has relevance across all parliamentary democracies grappling with the challenges posed by ensuring robust rights protection whilst responding to the threat of terrorism. This book will be of relevance and interest to law makers, government administrators and public servants, law enforcement and intelligence agencies, political and legal scholars, law students and members of the legal profession.This book is designed to provide a unique, evidence-based perspective on Australia's parliamentary model of rights protection and on the experience of counter-terrorism law making in Australia since 2011. By focusing on the role and impact of the federal parliamentary committee system, this book offers a fresh perspective on the contemporary legal and political debate on the best legal mechanism for rights protection in Australia. By using counter-terrorism laws as a detailed case study, this book also contributes in a timely, authoritative way to the debate on balancing individual liberties with national security. Using a contemporary case study of Australia's counter-terrorism, this book employs a unique, three tiered methodology to explore the impact of the system of parliamentary committees system on federal laws. The findings in this book give rise to practical recommendations for reform and provide a fresh new perspectives on Australia's parliamentary model of rights protection. This book has broad implications for rights scholars and rights advocates contemplating new models of rights protection in Australia. Thisbook offers important practical insights to other jurisdictions grappling with the challenges posed by ensuring robust rights protection whilst responding to the threat of terrorism.

This handbook showcases studies on art theft, fraud and forgeries, cultural heritage offences and related legal and ethical challenges. It has been authored by prominent scholars, practitioners and journalists in the field and includes both overviews of particular art crime issues as well as regional and national case studies. It is one of the first scholarly books in the current art crime literature that can be utilised as an immediate authoritative reference source or teaching tool. It also includes a bibliographic guide to the current literature across interdisciplinary boundaries. Apart from legal, criminological, archeological and historical perspectives on theft, fraud and looting, this volume contains chapters on iconoclasm and graffiti, underwater cultural heritage, the trade in human remains and the trade, theft and forgery of papyri. The book thereby hopes to encourage scholars from a wider variety of disciplines to contribute their valuable knowledge to art crime research.

Like the never-ending war on terror, the drugs war is a multi-billion-dollar industry that won't go down without a fight. Pills, Powder, and Smoke explains why. The war on drugs has been official American policy since the 1970s, with the UK, Europe, and much of the world following suit. It is at best a failed policy, according to bestselling author Antony Loewenstein. Its direct results have included mass incarceration in the US, extreme violence in different parts of the world, the backing of dictatorships, and surging drug addiction globally. And now the Trump administration is unleashing diplomatic and military forces against any softening of the conflict. Pills, Powder, and Smoke investigates the individuals, officials, activists, victims, DEA agents, and traffickers caught up in this deadly war. Travelling through the UK, the US, Australia, Honduras, the Philippines, and Guinea-Bissau, Loewenstein uncovers the secrets of the drug war, why it's so hard to end, and who is really profiting from it. In reporting on the frontlines across the globe — from the streets of London's King's Cross to the killing fields of Central America to major cocaine transit routes in West Africa — Loewenstein reveals how the war on drugs has become the most deadly war in modern times. Designed and inspired by Washington, its agenda has nothing to do with ending drug use or addiction, but is all about controlling markets, territories, and people. Instead, Loewenstein argues, the legalisation and regulation of all drugs would be a much more realistic and humane approach. The evidence presented in this book will persuade many readers that he's right.

Para entender la criminalidad organizada hemos de retrotraernos al pasado Siglo XX. Tras la Segunda Gran Guerra la delincuencia prosperó al tiempo que las sociedades industrializadas avanzaban y progresaban económicamente; en esta época la amenaza no existía, cabía un riesgo procedente de la delincuencia pero no una amenaza de la criminalidad transnacional, como actualmente la conocemos; porque el mundo bipolarizado se encorsetaba en un nuevo orden cuyo rumbo lo marcaban la URSS y los Estados Unidos de América.La amenaza surgió con la solidificación de las estructuras criminales planificadas, junto a la consolidación de los estados del bienestar ya en la época postindustrial. El logro de cotas de libertad, de unificación espacial de regiones políticas y comerciales, de desarrollo económico y social, todo ello aderezado por la era de la globalización y el imparable avance de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), en constante evolución, desde las emergentes al machine learning; hacen del Siglo XXI un hervidero en el que la transnacionalidad en la criminalidad organizada y en el terrorismo resurgen con fuerza letal y renovada resultante de la adición de vectores empíricos y tecnológicos.Es ahora cuando los paradigmas se renuevan, los anteriores sirvieron a unas causas determinadas.Aparecen los “centros de concentración de logísticas criminales”, y también nuevas formas de criminalidad como la Mafia Rusa, desconocida hasta que el “Telón de Acero” se levantó.La criminalidad oriental, las Triadas chinas sociedades secretas arrinconadas en la época maoísta, surgen con fuerza y se expanden por todo el continente desde Macao, Taiwan o Hong Kong. Sin olvidar sus ritos y su jerarquía, varían sus tradiciones criminales y ocupan nuevos espacios en paralelo a la evolución económica, entremezclándose con los asuntos de Estado, renovando técnicas criminales, y extendiéndose con la globalización; al igual que la Yakuza Japonesa, introducida incluso en sistemas políticos y nuevas formas de comisión de delitos como la sokaiya, que aunque mantiene su estructura jerárquica feudal se expande también con la globalización.Paradigmas son igualmente los Cárteles, nada tienen que ver los colombianos con los mexicanos, son estratos con su propia personalidad, industria centrada en la producción y comercialización de la droga y el blanqueo de capitales, dimensionándose internacionalmente con agresividad inusual, siendo capaces de generar auténticas guerras con armamento sofisticado y hombres suficientes como para crear ejércitos propios. El de Medellín, el de Cali, el del Norte del Valle, o el narco-terrorista de las Farc son ejemplo de ello. Los mejicanos como el Cártel de Sinaloa, el del Golfo, los Zetas, los Caballeros Templarios, o la Familia Michoacana han creado sociedades de narcotráfico que han devenido en regiones o estados fallidos.Los terrorismos con pretensiones paradigmáticas persisten, el anarquismo primer terrorismo transnacional limitado, ha encontrado la renovación con su “anarquismo insurreccionalista” rompiendo los límites del tiempo y el espacio con la herramienta de la globalización. El etnonacionalista de ETA, falsamente eliminado, continúa dando muestras de vida desde instituciones políticas. El terrorismo yihadista despertó de su letargo el pasado siglo para convertirse en paradigma de corrientes islamistas, con estructuras polimórficas, uso de medios no convencionales, ataques inusuales y de letalidad insospechada: cisnes negros.De todo esto y más trata este libro.

Comprehensively laying out the concept of crimilegality, this book presents a novel perspective on the relationship between what is conventionally termed organised crime and political order in the contemporary developing world. In hybrid crimilegal orders the moral, normative and social boundaries between legality and illegality-criminality are blurred, and through the violation of the official law, the illegal-criminal sphere of social life becomes legitimate and morally acceptable, while the legal turns illegitimate and immoral. Several examples of crimilegality and crimilegal governance in Colombia and Nigeria, including in relation to armed conflict termination, are used to illustrate these complex processes.

This book explores one of the most topical and controversial issues of recent years –jihadist terrorist infiltration of irregular migrant flows to Europe. Utilizing robust sampling criteria, more than a hundred such cases are identified and rigorously assessed. The analysis reveals the characteristics of offenders, their travel patterns and operational activities, and critically evaluates subsequent law enforcement and judicial responses. The author draws upon interviews with a range of European security officials, as well as non-governmental organization employees, and a recent refugee, in order to provide a series of practical recommendations.

This book offers distinct insights into the sources of state legitimacy in Africa by incorporating an analysis of non-state actors'role in service delivery. The author examines how citizens'reliance on non-governmental security actors such as street committees, neighborhood watches and community police forums, shape their attitudes toward the state and their political participation. Broadly, this project contributes to our understanding of citizens'everyday experiences of crime and violence at the local level, and why they matter, politically.

This book explores the impact of September 11, 2001 upon interdisciplinary scholarship and pedagogy in the liberal arts. Since “the day that changed everything”, many forces have transformed institutions of higher education in the United States and around the world. The editors and contributors consider the extent to which the influence of 9/11 was direct, or part of wider structural changes within academia, and the chapters represent a wide range of interdisciplinary perspectives on how the production and dissemination of knowledge has changed since 2001. Some authors demonstrate that new forms of inquiry, exploration, and evidence have been created, much of it focused on the causes, consequences, and meanings of the terror attacks. Others find that scholars sought to understand 9/11 by applying old theoretical and empirical insights and reviving lines of questioning that have become relevant. The contributors also examine the impact of 9/11 on higher education administration and liberal arts pedagogies. Among the many collective findings is that scholars in the humanities and critical social sciences have been most attentive to the place of 9/11 in society and academic culture. This eclectic collection will appeal to students and scholars interested in the place of the liberal arts in the twenty-first century world.

Dieser Sammelband gibt einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen für Organisationen im Wirtschaftsschutz im Alltag und stellt Ansätze und Szenarien vor, die für Unternehmen und andere Einrichtungen eine hohe Relevanz haben und die Fähigkeit zur Resilienz erhöhen. Der interdisziplinäre Band, gestaltet von ausgewiesenen Experten, richtet sich vorrangig an die mittelständische Wirtschaft, aber zugleich auch an die öffentliche Hand, politische Akteure, Berater, Wissenschaftler, Studierende, Journalisten und gemeinnützige Organisationen, die – auch aus internationaler Perspektive – mit Sicherheit befasst sind.Der InhaltDie Privatwirtschaft im Gefüge der Inneren Sicherheit • Die Zukunft der Corporate Security • Wirtschaftsschutz in der Praxis • Recht und StrategieDie HerausgeberChristian Vogt ist Leiter Konzernsicherheit der CLAAS KGaA mbH in Harsewinkel.Dr. Christian Endreß ist Geschäftsführer der ASW NRW – Allianz für Sicherheit in der Wirtschaft Nordrhein-Westfalen e.V. in Düsseldorf.Dr. Patrick Peters ist Berater für Unternehmenskommunikation, Strategie und Redaktion in Mönchengladbach.

The book examines the international treaty regimes and the Indian laws in depth. It also looks into the landmark cases, decided by both, the domestic courts in India and the international tribunals. The book would give an understanding between the concepts of extradition in relation to terrorism-related cases. It would provide an in-depth understanding of the inter-relatedness of the various branches of International law and the municipal laws as well.

This book explores the links between education policy and occurrences of civil disorder and domestic terrorism in England and France. Since 2001, both England and France have experienced outbreaks of rioting in which young people of immigrant origin have been implicated: both have also been the targets of domestic terror attacks perpetrated by their own citizens. Both countries have had similar experiences of immigration since the end of the Second World War, but they are considered to have taken divergent approaches to immigrant integration and education. While Britain has tended towards a multicultural race relations approach, France veers towards a Republican assimilationist approach. Through the analysis of policy discourse and documents, the authors seek to establish whether these distinct approaches to immigrant integration and education policy have been maintained or whether they are converging. This book will appeal to students and scholars of education policy as well as immigration and integration in both France and England.

This book charts contemporary developments in counter-extremism within the UK education sector. Set against the background of the controversial Prevent strategy the book focuses on the expansion of counter‑extremism into education and draws on key legislation such as the Counter Terrorism and Security Act (2015) that imposed a statutory counter-extremism duty on public sector workers in the UK. The authors provide a wide-ranging critique that draws on theories of surveillance and power, an international review of counter‑extremism educational initiatives and a series of interviews with UK lecturers. Terrorism in the Classroom highlights the problems that occur when counter-extremism becomes an objective of education and a part of the curriculum, as well as the anxiety that is felt by educators who have been deputised into the role of counter-extremism practitioners. It will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines, including Criminology, International Relations, Politics and Education.

This report surveys international terrorism in 1988. It is the fifth annual survey of its kind published by the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies'Project on Low intensity Varfare. As in previous years'reports, the current survey contains statistical data that delineate various aspects of international terrorism, as well as brief articles that a

This book uses a series of narrowly defined case studies from the'wave of terror across Europe'to rethink the relationships between harm, crime, deviance, leisure and capitalism. It argues that these events enter into the accelerated media landscape as exemplars of contemporary terror because they re-code leisure spaces into spaces of and for harm. This re-coding is permissible due to the crises of the post-crash era which have seen a decline in work-as-harm due to the collapse of the structures of capitalism that support labour exchange. Instead, we have moved into an era where the corrosion of capitalism has enacted a series of violent exchanges between'East'and'West', employed and unemployed, consumers and terrorists, criminals and prosecutors, leisure and work. This book focuses on attacks on the Bataclan Theatre and Stade de France in Paris, the German Christmas Market van attack in Berlin, the Reina Nightclub shooting in Istanbul, the Stockholm lorry attack, the bombing of the Ariana Grande Concert in Manchester and knife attacks on London Bridge. In these case studies, terrorists target leisured spaces and create synergetic narratives of harm that are mobilised via the media to dialogue with the corrosions and violences of capitalism that percolate through the global landscape.

This book demonstrates a new, interdisciplinary approach to life writing about torture that situates torture firmly within its socio-political context, as opposed to extending the long line of representations written in the idiom of the proverbial dark chamber. By dismantling the rhetorical divide that typically separates survivors'suffering from human rights workers'expertise, contributors engage with the personal, professional, and institutional dimensions of torture and redress. Essays in this volume consider torture from diverse locations – the Philippines, Argentina, Sudan, and Guantánamo, among others. From across the globe, contributors witness both individual pain and institutional complicity; the challenges of building communities of healing across linguistic and national divides; and the role of the law, art, writing, and teaching in representing and responding to torture.

In the years since the September 11th 2001 attacks, the al-Qaeda phenomenon has become one of the most written about, yet crucially misunderstood, threats of the 21st century. But despite the sheer volume of literature produced during the ‘war on terror'period, few studies have sought to consider the way this entity has been represented within the news media. The BBC, the War on Terror and the Discursive Construction of Al-Qaeda addresses this significant gap in knowledge by providing an original and much needed assessment of the various strategies used to depict ‘al-Qaeda', and thus make it meaningful for British television audiences. Drawing on the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault, and focusing on Britain's most watched and trusted news programme, the BBC's flagship ‘News at Ten'bulletin, the book provides insight into both the visual and verbal nature of these representations and the way they have shifted over the course of a ten-year period, whilealso shedding light upon the broader political and social consequences of the BBC's portrayals. In doing so, the book not only helps to develop a deeper understanding of the complexity of the BBC's representations, and their various shifts and transformations, but also details the process through which ‘al-Qaeda'has been pieced together from a range of cultural parts. And how, ultimately, the dominant mode of representation used to portray this entity is one that closely resembles Britain's own, diverse multicultural ‘self'.

إعلام

This book presents and uses a major, new database of the most serious forms of internal resistance to the Nazi state to study empirically the whole phenomenon of resistance to an authoritarian regime. By studying serious political resistance from a quantitative historical perspective, the book opens up a new avenue of research for economic history.The database underpinning the book was painstakingly compiled from official state records of treason and/or high treason tried before the German People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) between 1933 and 1945. It brings together material on resistance groups stored in the archives of the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria with previously inaccessible files from the former German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union. Through searching these records, the authors have been able to reconstruct in hitherto unattainable detail the economic, social, political, ethnic and familial profiles, backgrounds, and influences of all 4,378 civilians of the Third Reich active in Germany, Austria and the outside territories for whom there are complete records.The findings of their research afford fresh, new interdisciplinary insights and perspectives, not only on the configuration, timing, impact and profile of resistance to the Nazi state, but also on a range of real-world behaviours common within authoritarian states, such as defection, reward and punishment, and commitment to group identities. The book's statistical analysis reveals precisely the who, how, where and when of serious resistance. In so doing, it advances significantly our understanding of the overall pattern and nature of serious resistance within Nazi Germany.

أن هذه الجرائم توجد في المجتمع العربي والمصري وهي كالجرائم التقليدية لها مرتكبوها وضحاياها، إلا أنها قد تكون أخطر من الجرائم المتعارف عليها لأنه يتم ارتكابها عبر زر الكمبيوتر وهو ما سهل ارتكابها وجعل من الصعب رصد الجانى فيها وتتبعه والقبض عليه، وعلى ضوء ذلك يقدم هذا الكتاب دراسة حول الإرهاب والجريمة الإلكترونية، وتقع الدراسة في ثلاثة فصول: (الجريمة الإلكترونية ماهيتها وأسبابها وطرق مكافحتها، الإرهاب الإلكتروني أسبابه ومخاطره وطرق مكافحته، ونتائج الدراسة الميدانية: حول اتجاهات الشباب بالجامعات المصرية نحو الجريمة الإلكترونية).

This book is an attempt to approach the issue of defining international terrorism, proposing that the most workable way to do so is to achieve due balance between the two principal driving forces of international law developments: State sovereignty interests and cosmopolitan ideals.All those who aspire to the promotion of international criminal justice and the fight against impunity agree that the formulation of a universal definition of international terrorism will further enhance the fight against terrorism and offer a universally acceptable legal framework within which this fight can be conducted.Discussed in an in-depth manner are, for instance, the UN Charter Provisions, the Rome Statute and the principle of complementarity, the Kampala amendmentson the crime of aggression, the paradigms of aggression and terrorism, and prominent anti-terrorist Security Council Resolutions such as Resolution 1368 and Resolution 1373.The volume broadens the reader's understanding on how State sovereignty interests and priorities as well as ideals of cosmopolitanism have influenced the development of international law in general and international criminal law in particular. Furthermore, it simplifies the complicated picture of defining international crimes by explaining how the ‘State sovereignty'and ‘Cosmopolitanism'dynamics have also been of relevance throughout the drafting process of the definition of the crime of aggression for the purposes of the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court. In addition, it equips the reader with an understanding of the reasons behind the lack of an international definition for terrorism and suggests an appropriate context within which such a definition can take shape.It intends to appeal to academics and students with an interest in international criminal law and the international criminal justice system, international law and security, but also to anyone with an interest in transnational crime and counter-terrorism. Stella Margariti has recently graduated from the University of Dundee where she attained the title of Doctor from the School of Law.

This book begins from a critical account of the final months of the Sri Lankan civil war, tracing themes of nationalism, discourse and conflict memory through this period of immense violence and into its aftermath. Using these themes to explore state crime, atrocity and its denial and representation, Seoighe offers an analysis of how stories of conflict are authored and constructed. This book examines the political discourse of the former Rajapaksa government, highlighting how fluency in international discourses of counter-terrorism, humanitarianism and the ‘reconciliation'expected of states transitioning from conflict can be used to conceal and deny state violence.Drawing on extensive interviews with activists, academics, politicians, state representatives and international agency staff, and three months of observation in Sri Lanka in 2012, Seoighe demonstrates how the Rajapaksa government re-narrativised violence through orchestrated techniquesof denial and mass ritual discourse. It drew on and perpetuated a heightened majoritarian Sinhala-Buddhist nationalism which consolidated power under Sinhalese political elites, generated minority grievances and, in turn, sustained the repression and dispossession of the Tamil community of the Northeast. A detailed and evocative study, this book will be of special interest to scholars of conflict studies, political violence and critical criminology.

A fascinating account of the Intifada (struggle) by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories against Israeli governments, the first part of which was a mass civil disobedience movement of'stone against bullets', which Israeli security forces contained only with great difficulty, resorting to doubtful methods that included detention without trial, kidnapping and assassinations. Criticized by human rights organisations and the United Nations, Palestinians and the Iranian-supported Hezbollah operated suicide-bombers, and some Palestinians resumed terrorist activity. America intervened sponsoring a comprehensive Middle East peace process in which Israelis dragged their feet, at the same time expanding Jewish settlements on illegal territory. Eventually Arafat became President of the self-ruled Palestine National Authority.

This edited collection brings together leading scholars to comparatively investigate national security, surveillance and terror in the early 21st century in two major western jurisdictions, Canada and Australia. Observing that much debate about these topics is dominated by US and UK perspectives, the volume provides penetrating analysis of national security and surveillance practices in two under-studied countries that reveals critical insights into current trends. Written by a wide range of experts in their respective fields, this book addresses a fascinating array of timely questions about the relationship among national security, privacy and terror in the two countries and beyond. Chapters include critical assessments of topics such as: National Security Intelligence Collection since 9/11, The Border as Checkpoint in an Age of Hemispheric Security and Surveillance, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Law Enforcement, as well asFederal Government Departments and Security Regimes. An engaging and empirically driven study, this collection will be of great interest to scholars of security and surveillance studies, policing, and comparative criminology.

This book examines how movements from below pose challenges to the status quo. The 2010s have seen an explosion of protest movements, sometimes characterised as riots by governments and the media. But these are not new phenomena, rather reflecting thousands of years of conflict between different social classes. Beginning with struggles for democracy and control of the state in Athens and ancient Rome, this book traces the common threads of resistance through the Middle Ages in Europe and into the modern age. As classes change so does the composition of the protestors and the goals of their movements; the one common factor being how groups can mobilise to resist unbearable oppression, thereby developing a crowd consciousness that widens their political horizons and demonstrates the possibility of overthrowing the existing order. To appreciate the roots and motivations of these so-called deviants the author argues that we need to listen to the sound of the crowd. This book will be of interest to researchers of social movements, protests and riots across sociology, history and international relations.

Violence, war and internal conflicts have assumed a new intensity with the decline of the Cold War. There are over 32 civil wars going on today. Our world may well witness over 100 million refugees in the year 2000 as a direct result of internal wars. This volume consists of case studies and theory-oriented papers dealing with Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Middle East. Taken together, they spell out implications of wide general interest, providing a comparative basis for a systematic approach to conflict transformation.