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This book focuses on devising a comprehensive protective mechanism for the right to privacy in Pakistan. It argues that the existing legal regime lacks an effective remedy for victims of privacy violations and emphasizes the need for comprehensive legislation to safeguard this crucial right. Pursuing a multidisciplinary approach, the book thoroughly explores the issue of media intrusions into people's privacy through thematic media content analysis and highlights the significant impacts of these intrusions on victims'lives.In the process, the book addresses various conceptual aspects, their relevance, and their implications for privacy-related disputes during adjudication. Recognizing that theoretical underpinnings alone may not be sufficient to create a legal regime “from scratch,” it explores the enforcement of the right to privacy under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), as interpreted and enforced by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).The book subsequently goes beyond exploring international law by analyzing the impact of media-and-privacy cases on privacy protection in two major member states: Germany (a civil law jurisdiction) and the United Kingdom (a common law jurisdiction). Drawing upon these conceptual and comparative legal deliberations and findings, the book provides concrete guidelines for a new privacy law in Pakistan.

This book deals with the research and use of embryonic stem cells to combat a number of diseases and the legal limitations, arising mostly from bioethical concerns regarding human life. Using the New Haven problem and policy-oriented method of jurisprudence, the author thoroughly explains the scientific and technological parameters and promise of this medical innovation and its alternatives as well as the conflicting claims and past decisions regarding its legal and moral acceptability in international and comparative perspective. International law, EU and regional human rights law, as well as individual countries'laws across the globe are covered, ending with American law on the federal and state levels. The book concludes with a recommendation of humane regulation, and a draft federal statute as a model form of regulation that would allow the beneficial research and use of this technology.

This book discusses the future role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in a world facing survival challenges. It discusses threats such as climate change, environmental degradation and pandemics, and argues that in the future the ICJ will need to carry out judicial, security and protection functions as it is the only organ of the United Nations (UN) that can discharge such functions in view of its independence and expertise. The author proposes that the ICJ can apply a hitherto unused jurisdictional provision in Article 36 of its statute that allows it to deal with'All Matters Specially Provided for in the UN Charter'and presents three examples of issues that would require the urgent attention of the ICJ: vaccine equity in a global pandemic, climate disaster, and mass movements of people across frontiers due to climate change and environmental degradation. Bertrand Ramcharan (Guyana) is a Barrister-at-Law of Lincoln's Inn with a Doctorate in international law from the London School of Economics (LSE) and the Diploma in International Law of the Hague Academy of International Law. He was LSE International Law Scholar and has been Commissioner of the International Commission of Jurists and a Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. He has also been Director of the Research Centre of the Hague Academy of International Law (The Right to Life), Professor at the Geneva Graduate Institute, and Chancellor of the University of Guyana. He is a former Chief speech-writer of the UN Secretary-General, and has performed the functions of UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. His doctoral thesis was on the approach of the International Law Commission to the codification and progressive development of international law.

This book focuses on Boko Haram and terrorism in Nigeria, framing the conflict in an international law context. It analyses the nature of political violence and the dominant roles of a violent nation-state (in both colonial and post-colonial experiences) and the rise of terrorism in Nigeria. The book unearths embedded evidence of religious nepotism on the part of state officials using such state institutions as Islamic Preaching Boards to promote one Islamic sect over another in mainly Muslim Northern Nigeria. The book offers insights into this subtle sectarian divide and how this and other ‘subterranean'elements have contributed to the rise of Boko Haram in Northern Nigeria beyond the dominant poverty-terrorism nexus narrative. Furthermore, the book analyses the various components of Boko Haram's radical ideology, situates them in Islamic Jurisprudence, and examines the philosophy of the group (both in doctrine and practice) – their interpretation of the Koran and the waging of Jihad, and the extent to which they conform to the Islamic Sect Boko Haram claims to follow. The book then examines the basic doctrinal features and characteristics of Boko Haram – waging Jihad, prohibiting revealing dresses for women and mixing of genders, rejecting western values and institutions, denouncing scientific inquiry and democracy, hostage taking, sexual exploitation of captives and other aspects of jus ad bellum and jus in bello in Islamic jurisprudence and international law. Finally, the book analyses the plight of vulnerable groups such as internally displaced persons, the atrocities committed against women and girls in the Boko Haram insurgency and the (in)ability of international law to enforce the protections offered to the victims. From the perspective of critical intellectual inquiry, the book also challenges a number of fundamental assumptions and encourages us to revisit our legal characterisation of certain concepts such as “gender-based crimes”. It then goes further to analyse some legal grey areas in the Boko Haram insurgency such as the legal status of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) and the legal framework for holding members accountable for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. Overall, the book represents a valuable contribution to scholarship, deepens our understanding and delineates how international law could respond to the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria in particular and terrorism in Africa in general.

This edited book focuses on the most controversial aspects of assistance benefits as mandated by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 - and the challenges that have merged since the approval, in 1993, of the Federal Act 8.742, also known as Organic Law of Social Assistance. This collection of essays allows the reader to understand some important changes in social assistance policies in Brazil in recent years, having the General Theory of Social Security and the Human Rights as references. The tensions between economic principles and affirmative policies for the less advantaged parts of the society are also covered, showing how different interpretations of key concepts - like need, poverty or family - may have an important role on the exercise of fundamental rights.