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Książka w swym zakresie tematycznym odnosi się do potencjału i wartości dziedzictwa kulturowego, w tym archeologicznego. Jednocześnie uznaje, że tylko całościowe i zintegrowane podejście może pomóc w uchwyceniu zróżnicowanego wpływu dziedzictwa na poszczególne dziedziny życia i jego rolę w generowaniu różnych wartości, które przyczynią się do kształtowania przyszłego zarządzania tymże dziedzictwem. Zrównoważony rozwój – jak wynika z zamieszczonych w niniejszej pracy tekstów – to nie tylko wewnętrzna równowaga między środowiskiem naturalnym, gospodarką i społeczeństwem. Chodzi również o równowagę między zróżnicowanymi pod tym względem społecznościami w taki sposób, by tworzyły one zrównoważoną całość pod względem wartości, mających decydujący wpływ na poszczególne dziedziny życia. Archeologia bowiem nie tylko odtwarza i bada minioną rzeczywistość, lecz projektuje równocześnie tę, w której sama funkcjonuje, będąc jej emanacją. W ten oto sposób, dążąc do równowagi, wzbogaca treść dziejową jej dziedzictwa kulturowego. prof. dr hab. Henryk Mamzer Idea zrównoważonego rozwoju, pomimo iż obecna w obiegu i działaniach od ponad trzech dekad, nadal zachowuje swą niesłabnącą aktualność, co więcej, jej dynamika coraz silniej obejmuje swoim zakresem również dziedzictwo kultury, czego dowodem jest niniejsza publikacja. Jako redaktorzy zdajemy sobie sprawę – co przejawia się też zresztą w opiniach Autorów wyrażonych w poszczególnych tekstach zamieszczonych w tomie – iż zagadnienia zrównoważonego wykorzystania zasobów dziedzictwa kultury i zachowania ich dla przyszłych pokoleń nie stanowią uniwersalnego remedium na wszystkie problemy, wynikające z rozwoju cywilizacyjnego, jakie napotyka na swojej drodze ochrona i racjonalne zarządzanie dziedzictwem kulturowym. Niemniej zauważamy potencjał możliwości wykorzystania dziedzictwa kulturowego jako zasobu dla zrównoważonego rozwoju regionalnego i ochrony krajobrazów kulturowych. Wymaga to skoordynowanej polityki na poziomie regionalnym w kwestiach dotyczących środowiska, rozwoju społecznego, kultury, edukacji, turystyki i rozwoju gospodarczego, a także planowania przestrzennego (Purchla 2014, 28). Konieczna jest przy tym metodyczna waloryzacja zasobów dziedzictwa kulturowego, będąca podstawowym składnikiem zrównoważonego zarządzania zasobami dziedzictwa kulturowego i naturalnego, zgodnie z zasadą służebności wobec społeczeństwa i jego potrzeb oraz zapewniającego zachowanie różnorodności tychże zasobów, a także ich wszystkich wartości dla obecnego i przyszłych pokoleń (Affelt 2009, 80). Dziedzictwo ma olbrzymi potencjał i ważną rolę do odegrania w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju, związanego ze spójnością społeczną, dobrostanem, kreatywnością, atrakcyjnością ekonomiczną i promowaniem zrozumienia między społecznościami. Zachęcamy do potraktowania niniejszej publikacji jako otwartego forum wymiany myśli i idei, prezentującego zarówno refleksje akademickie dotyczące dziedzictwa kulturowego, w tym archeologicznego, jak i jego praktyczne i instytucjonalne ujęcia. Żywimy nadzieję, że okaże się ona przydatna przy kreowaniu skutecznej, a jednocześnie bazującej na racjonalnych przesłankach polityce w zakresie ochrony i opieki nad dziedzictwem kulturowym. Z jednej strony będzie stanowić inspirację dla wykorzystywania dziedzictwa w obszarze dobra społecznego, akcentując jego rolę i potencjał w społeczno-kulturowym rozwoju społeczności lokalnych. Z drugiej, umożliwi także integrację różnych środowisk naukowych oraz wypracowanie interdyscyplinarnej współpracy, kształtującej przyszłe działania wokół dziedzictwa kulturowego i archeologicznego. Wreszcie, poprzez promowanie podejścia do nauki, w którym otaczający świat jest także ważnym partnerem, uzasadni jeszcze silniej konieczność zachowania dziedzictwa kulturowego i jego wartości dla kolejnych pokoleń, zachęcając do zrównoważonego zarządzania tym cennym i nieodnawialnym zasobem. ze Wstępu

This book provides a global and thematic examination of the relationships between archaeology and tourism, and a critical analysis of thinking in the area of archaeology-based tourism. It focuses on the differences and similarities between archaeology-based tourism and heritage tourism and highlights the interdependence and dissonance between tourism and archaeology and archaeological traditions. The volume offers a systematic investigation of current issues and implications in the relationship between tourism and archaeology from both tourism and archaeological perspectives. It is a key academic resource for students, researchers and practitioners in tourism, archaeology, cultural heritage management and anthropology.

This book examines the relationship between archaeological tourism and professional archaeology. To do so, it explores the connection – most visibly through nationalism and global capitalism - from its origins in the early modern period to World War II. How separate is the development of archaeological tourism from that of the formation of archaeology as a discipline? And do the fields operate in two different worlds? Scholarly discussions have largely treated them as distinct fields with no connection, while histories of archaeology, in particular, have focused on aspects such as the history of archaeological discoveries, archaeological thought and, more recently, the political relationship between archaeology and nationalism and other ideologies. Largely missing from all these accounts has been an examination of how archaeology has been incorporated into society, for example through something that all humans enjoy – leisure – in the form of archaeological tourism. Moreover, just as histories of archaeology have largely ignored the connection between archaeology and tourism, so too has tourism in the reverse direction. Recent studies on tourism have centered on topics such as economy (sustainable and recession tourism) and new types of tourism (including ecotourism and medical tourism).

Archaeological heritage conservation is all too often highly conflicted and fraught with pitfalls in part due to a poor understanding of the historical and current underpinnings that guide best practice. When heritage places are managed with international principles in mind the sites stand out as evidencing superior outcomes. The International Scientific Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management expresses concern in the Salalah Guidelines of 2017 with the persistent problems facing archaeological sites that are open to the public. National heritage icons face overwhelming pressure to provide the mainstay of local, national and international tourism economies while in some instances being situated in locations destined for major development or military conflict. Leaders in the field of archaeological heritage conservation, particularly with respect to World Heritage listed properties, assert that economic interests often are at the forefront of management decision making while heritage values are given lesser, if any, consideration. Continuing and future zones of discomfort such as the impact of war, theft of national cultural property, over-development, unconstrained excavation, extreme nationalism, uncontrolled visitation and professionalisation need to be addressed if future generations are to be afforded the same heritage values as are available today.

Andrea Hausmann behandelt kompakt, fundiert und praxisnah die im Kulturtourismus wichtigsten Begriffe, Merkmale, Akteure und Entwicklungen. Dabei beleuchtet sie zum einen die wichtigsten Leistungsträger auf der Angebotsseite und arbeitet ihre jeweiligen Besonderheiten bzw. spezifischen Interessen heraus. Zum anderen stellt die Autorin mögliche Typologien der kulturtouristischen Nachfrage vor und erläutert die Bedeutung der Customer Journey als Instrument zur Verbesserung des Qualitätserlebnisses im Kulturtourismus.Die Autorin:Prof. Dr. Andrea Hausmann ist Professorin am Institut für Kulturmanagement der Pädagogischen Hochschule Ludwigsburg und berät Kulturbetriebe in den Themen Tourismus, Marketing und Personal.

Archaeological sites opened to the public, and especially those highly photogenic sites that have achieved iconic status, are often major tourist attractions. By opening an archaeological site to tourism, threats and opportunities will emerge.The threats are to the archaeological record, the pre-historic or historic materials in context at the site that can provide facts about human history and the human relationship to the environment. The opportunities are to share what can be learned at archaeological sites and how it can be learned. The latter is important because doing so can build a public constituency for archaeology that appreciates and will support the potential of archaeology to contribute to conversations about contemporary issues, such as the root causes and possible solutions to conflict among humans and the social implications of environmental degradation. In this volume we will consider factors that render effective management of archaeological sites open to the public feasible, and therefore sustainable. We approach this in two ways: The first is by presenting some promising ways to assess and enhance the feasibility of establishing effective management. Assessing feasibility involves examining tourism potential, which must consider the demographic sectors from which visitors to the site are drawn or might be in the future, identifying preservation issues associated with hosting visitors from the various demographic sectors, and the possibility and means by which local communities might be engaged in identifying issues and generating long-term support for effective management. The second part of the book will provide brief case studies of places and ways in which the feasibility of sustainable management has been improved.

Between the Vesuvio slopes and the front coastline, there are several archaeological sites of significant cultural and landscape interest, far less popular than Pompei but not less fascinating. These sites, including the ancient towns of Stabiae and Oplontis up until the coastal city of Sorrento, resemble a constellation surrounded by the metropolitan sprawl and lay in the country of the Campania Region like hidden pearls, as the lack of efficient public transport connections makes these destinations difficult to reach for international tourists. This paper, therefore, discusses different ideas for the design of a Cultural and Touristic District, which may improve their accessibility by linking all these archeological sites together with both physical and ICT networks. Back in 2010, such ideas were presented in Castellammare di Stabia International Workshop “Restoring Ancient Stabiae” by a number of scholars from seven Schools of Architecture of both USA and Italian Universities (Maryland UMD, Miami, Oregon, Cornell Univ.; Napoli Federico II, Bari Politecnico, Roma-Sapienza). The main aim of the workshop was to allow actual team working for designing urban requalification and projects of touristic and cultural development, as well as to stimulate debate between local administrators and experts of urban studies, landscape and archaeology. The results achieved by combination of these objectives paved the way for an ambitious goal, that is presenting a realistic scenario of sustainable development based on recovering and exploitation of archeological sites. ANTONIO FRANCO MARINIELLO (1948) is Architect and Full Professor of Architectural and Urban Design at the Departement of Architecture - University of Naples Federico II, Research Director at L.U.P.T. and past member of the PhD board Architectural Composition at the same Faculty of Architecture. He is autor of many works in Architectural Theory and Criticism; furthermore he has published: Questioni di Forma (Napoli 1985), Variazioni-13 esperimenti di Composizione (Napoli 1996), Pre.Testi - sussidiario di Composizione (Napoli 2005).

Haunted Heritage is a fascinating scholarly examination of the dynamics of ghost or paranormal tourism. Michele Hanks explores how this phenomenon allows for the re-articulation and re-configuring of ideas of heritage, epistemic authority, nation, and belonging. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, Hanks delves into the anthropological, sociological, political, historical, and cultural factors that drive this burgeoning business. Using York, England, said to be “the most haunted city in the world,” as the base for her research, Hanks focuses on three forms of ghost tourism: ghost walks, commercial ghost hunts, and non-profit ghost hunts and paranormal investigations, comparing the experience of York with other sites of ghost tourism globally. This book will appeal to scholars interested in tourism, heritage, the paranormal, visual cultural, British studies, or popular religion.

Kulturbetriebe und Tourismusakteure teilen die Aufmerksamkeit für das wachstumsstarke Marktsegment Kulturtourismus – wer aber sind die Kulturtouristen? Yvonne Pröbstle geht dieser Frage nach. Auf der Grundlage einer qualitativen Untersuchung der kulturellen Einstellungen von Kulturtouristen entwirft die Autorin eine Typologie. Analysiert werden das Kulturverständnis, Reise- und Besuchsmotive, kulturelle Aktivitäten sowie Rezeptions- und Aneignungsmuster im Alltag und auf Reisen. Das Ergebnis ist eine differenzierte Sicht auf die kulturtouristische Nachfrage, die Kulturbetrieben und Tourismusakteuren eine Orientierungshilfe für strategische und operative Entscheidungen im Handlungsfeld Kulturtourismus bietet.

A survey of the theory and methods of conservation from the nineteenth century to the present day, highlighting future pathways.The origins and use of conservation principles and practice from the nineteenth century to the present day are charted in this volume. Written from the perspective of a practitioner, it examines the manner in which a single, dominant mode of conservation, which held sway for many decades, is now coming under pressure from a different and more democratic heritage management practice, favouring diversity, inclusion and difference.The author blends case studies from Ireland, Cyprus and England with examples from current practice, community heritage initiatives and political policy, highlighting the development and use of international charters and conventions. Central to the main argument of the book is that the sacred cows of conservation - antiquity, fabric and authenticity - have outlived their usefulness and need to be rethought. Dr Keith Emerick is an English Heritage Inspector of Ancient Monuments in York and North Yorkshire; he is also a Research Associate at the University of York.

The global popularity and lucrative potential of tourism has made sustainability a major concern for archaeologists, site managers, politicians, local communities, tourism officials, and other stakeholders. This book establishes new, interdisciplinary ground for tourism and archaeology that will foster a new generation of sustainable thinking and practice. First, three teams of co-authors from both disciplines tackle key conceptual dilemmas: exploration vs. exploitation, education vs. entertainment, and cultural sensitivity vs. embeddedness. Then, international case studies examine site development, marketing, community relations, and other on-the-ground examples of heritage work. The volume launches an important new era of collaboration in this growing field.

Once visited only by the cognoscenti of the ancient world, over the last decade Petra has drawn almost a million visitors in some years. Petra burst into popular consciousness with the release of enormously popular motion picture Raiders of the Lost Ark in 1981. Moviegoers all over the world were introduced to some of the spectacular scenic wonders of Petra: the Siq, a narrow chasm with colorful, towering sandstone walls, and Al-Khazna, the exquisitely carved tomb for a Nabataean king. For centuries, the Nabataeans controlled the trade in precious commodities across the Arabian Peninsula, bring spices from Southeast Asia, incense from present-day Yemen, gold and ivory from Africa, and silk from the Far East across the Empty Quarter to ports on the western Mediterranean. In 1985, Petra was included on the list of World Heritage Sites. Since then, low cost jet travel and a fast highway from the capital city of Amman have made the site increasingly accessible. The Jordanian government has made attracting tourists to Jordan a top priority. For all of the attention that Petra has received, it is still surprisingly poorly understood. A widely accepted chronology of the city, even the dates of major tombs and monuments, has yet to be established. Even the mystery of why and how Arab nomads adopted a sedentary lifestyle and built a great city has yet to be fully explained. Will Petra's popularity as a tourism destination overshadow the importance of addressing these questions, and, more importantly, will tourism damage the archaeological remains there in ways that make answers more difficult or even impossible to find?

For cultural and heritage institutions around the world, sustainability is the major challenge of the twenty-first century. In the first major work to analyze this critical issue, Barthel-Bouchier argues that programmatic commitments to sustainability arose both from direct environmental threats to tangible and intangible heritage, and from social and economic contradictions as heritage developed into a truly global organizational field. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and interviews over many years, as well as detailed coverage of primary documents and secondary literature, she examines key international organizations including UNESCO, ICOMOS, and the World Monuments Fund, and national trust organizations of Great Britain, the United States, and Australia, and many others. This wide-ranging study establishes a foundation for critical analysis and programmatic advances as heritage professionals encounter the growing challenge of sustainability.

Memorial sites, sites of “dark tourism,” are vernacular spaces that are continuously negotiated, constructed, and reconstructed into meaningful places. Using the locale of the 9/11 tragedy, Joy Sather-Wagstaff explores the constructive role played by tourists in understanding social, political, and emotional impacts of a violent event that has ramifications far beyond the local population. Through in-depth interviews, photographs, graffiti, even souvenirs, she compares the 9/11 memorial with other hurtful sites—the Oklahoma City National Memorial, Vietnam Veteran's Memorial, and others—to show how tourists construct and disperse knowledge through performative activities, which make painful places salient and meaningful both individually and collectively.

Recent archaeological theory has show that images of the past have carried a particularly strong resonance within modern social groups. This volume explores the immeasurable impact that the phenomenon of archaeology has had on the representation of the past in the modern world. Modern society's ‘archaeological imagination'conceives of archaeology as a producer of images of the past which become representations of modern group identities. If archaeology is utilized by public groups to construct and represent identities, then what are archaeologists to do with that public? The very fact that the public is interested in the past and in archaeological research is an opportunity for archaeology to engage that public. Participation in the public's modern interest in archaeology, however, puts archaeology at risk. The growing role of archaeology and heritage within the economics of tourism, has led to a commodification of archaeological knowledge and experience for consumption. This volume begins a discourse on the implications of performing archaeology in a world dominated by modern trends of mass production, mass replication and representation of cultural forms and mass consumption of images of the past. The contributors explore to what extent we are experiencing a crisis of representation of the past due to contemporary consumption of mass-produced replicas, simulations, images and experiences of the past. To work through this crisis the contributors in this volume are exploring opportunities for development within archaeological thought and practice. Their arguments illustrate a move towards active, participatory and poetic archaeological thought and practice. Rather than focusing on what is produced through process (artifacts, monuments, interpretive centers, etc.), they are concerned with what they are doing, about taking part, about participating reflexively in the tradition of understanding and expressing understanding of the past. Thisvolume does not conjure up romantic beliefs about the project of archaeology, but rather, it signals a fundamental revision of archaeology - not what it is, but what it can do.

Ever since Roman tourists scratched graffiti on the pyramids and temples of Egypt over two thousand years ago, people have traveled far and wide seeking the great wonders of antiquity. In From Stonehenge to Samarkand, noted archaeologist and popular writer Brian Fagan offers an engaging historical account of our enduring love of ancient architecture--the irresistible impulse to visit strange lands in search of lost cities and forgotten monuments. Here is a marvelous history of archaeological tourism, with generous excerpts from the writings of the tourists themselves. Readers will find Herodotus describing the construction of Babylon; Edward Gibbon receiving inspiration for his seminal work while wandering through the ruins of the Forum in Rome; Gustave Flaubert watching the sunrise from atop the Pyramid of Cheops. We visit Easter Island with Pierre Loti, Machu Picchu with Hiram Bingham, Central Africa with David Livingstone. Fagan describes the early antiquarians, consumed with a passionate and omnivorous curiosity, pondering the mysteries of Stonehenge, but he also considers some of the less reputable figures, such as the Earl of Elgin, who sold large parts of the Parthenon to the British Museum. Finally, he discusses the changing nature of archaeological tourism, from the early romantic wanderings of the solitary figure, communing with the departed spirits of Druids or Mayans, to the cruise-ship excursions of modern times, where masses of tourists are hustled through ruins, barely aware of their surroundings. From the Holy Land to the Silk Road, the Yucatán to Angkor Wat, Fagan follows in the footsteps of the great archaeological travelers to retrieve their first written impressions in a book that will delight anyone fascinated with the landmarks of ancient civilization.

Bringing the reader the very best of modern scholarship from the heritage community, this comprehensive reader outlines and explains the many diverse issues that have been identified and brought to the fore in the field of heritage, museums and galleries over the past couple of decades. The volume is divided into four parts: presents overviews and useful starting points for critical reflection focuses more specifically on selected issues of significance, looking particularly at the museum's role and responsibilities in the postmodern and postcolonial world concentrates on issues related to cultural heritage and tourism dedicated to public participation in heritage, museum and gallery processes and activities. The book provides an ideal starting point for those coming to the study of museums and galleries for the first time.

What are the implications of mass tourism and globalization for the field of archaeology? How does this change popular understandings of the past? Increasingly archaeological sites worldwide are being commodified for a growing tourist trade. At best, expansion of programs can aid in the protection and historic preservation of sites and strenghten community identities. However, unchecked commercial development may undermine the integrity of these same sites, replacing local interests with corporate ones, economically and culturally. Within this volume, original case studies from well-known sites in Cambodia, Israel, England, Mexico, and North America are presented to address the complex interaction between archaeology and nationalist, political, and commercial policies. This book should appeal to archaeologists, applied anthropologists, tourism and economic development specialists, and historic preservationists alike, as well others with an interest in the preservation of archaeological sites as historic locales.

A nation's heritage is one of the most potent forces for generating tourism: the Tower of London is the greatest'visitor attraction'in Britain. But it is pushed into insignificance by comparison with the visitors travelling to Disneyland, Epcot and the other entertainment complexes in the USA; and it will be dwarfed by Euro-Disneyland east of Paris. So how should heritage attractions respond: should they find their own specific audiences and resources? This book, written by a leading hertage specialist, is essential reading for all those concerned both with heritage and leisure managment. International in scope, it examines successfgul examples of heritage management for tourism, and equally some failures. It aims to lay some useful ground rules which should underpin all heritage developments designed to attract tourism on a major scale.

Managing Quality Cultural Tourism is an authoritative look at how to manage cultural tourist sites to best meet the needs of the visitors, the presenters and the site itself. As cultural tourism increases the management of heritage sites becomes more complex. Priscilla Boniface addresses these crucial management issues using a marketing approach to identify the needs of all concerned. This volume is specifically aimed at professionals and students of leisure, tourism and heritage management. It provides an invaluable background to cultural tourism and then focuses on some important issues involved with managing a heritage site - education, entertainment and preservation - and considers appropriate ways of dealing with the needs of the tourist, the presenters and the cultural site. Managing Quality Cultural Tourism suggests a way forward for cultural tourism. It is an indispensable tool for all involved in tourism and heritage industries.