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This volume introduces new approaches in intelligent control area from both the viewpoints of theory and application. It consists of eleven contributions by prominent authors from all over the world and an introductory chapter. This volume is strongly connected to another volume entitled'New Approaches in Intelligent Image Analysis'(Eds. Roumen Kountchev and Kazumi Nakamatsu). The chapters of this volume are self-contained and include summary, conclusion and future works. Some of the chapters introduce specific case studies of various intelligent control systems and others focus on intelligent theory based control techniques with applications. A remarkable specificity of this volume is that three chapters are dealing with intelligent control based on paraconsistent logics.

This book develops a coherent and quite general theoretical approach to algorithm design for iterative learning control based on the use of operator representations and quadratic optimization concepts including the related ideas of inverse model control and gradient-based design.Using detailed examples taken from linear, discrete and continuous-time systems, the author gives the reader access to theories based on either signal or parameter optimization. Although the two approaches are shown to be related in a formal mathematical sense, the text presents them separately as their relevant algorithm design issues are distinct and give rise to different performance capabilities. Together with algorithm design, the text demonstrates the underlying robustness of the paradigm and also includes new control laws that are capable of incorporating input and output constraints, enable the algorithm to reconfigure systematically in order to meet the requirements of different reference and auxiliary signals and also to support new properties such as spectral annihilation. Iterative Learning Control will interest academics and graduate students working in control who will find it a useful reference to the current status of a powerful and increasingly popular method of control. The depth of background theory and links to practical systems will be of use to engineers responsible for precision repetitive processes.

Intelligent Control considers non-traditional modelling and control approaches to nonlinear systems. Fuzzy logic, neural networks and evolutionary computing techniques are the main tools used. The book presents a modular switching fuzzy logic controller where a PD-type fuzzy controller is executed first followed by a PI-type fuzzy controller thus improving the performance of the controller compared with a PID-type fuzzy controller. The advantage of the switching-type fuzzy controller is that it uses one rule-base thus minimises the rule-base during execution. A single rule-base is developed by merging the membership functions for change of error of the PD-type controller and sum of error of the PI-type controller. Membership functions are then optimized using evolutionary algorithms. Since the two fuzzy controllers were executed in series, necessary further tuning of the differential and integral scaling factors of the controller is then performed. Neural-network-based tuning for the scaling parameters of the fuzzy controller is then described and finally an evolutionary algorithm is applied to the neurally-tuned-fuzzy controller in which the sigmoidal function shape of the neural network is determined.The important issue of stability is addressed and the text demonstrates empirically that the developed controller was stable within the operating range. The text concludes with ideas for future research to show the reader the potential for further study in this area.Intelligent Control will be of interest to researchers from engineering and computer science backgrounds working in the intelligent and adaptive control.

Fuzzy controllers are a class of knowledge based controllers using artificial intelligence techniques with origins in fuzzy logic. They can be found either as stand-alone control elements or as integral parts of a wide range of industrial process control systems and consumer products. Applications of fuzzy controllers are an established practice for Japanese manufacturers, and are spreading in Europe and America. The main aim of this book is to show that fuzzy control is not totally ad hoc, that there exist formal techniques for the analysis of a fuzzy controller, and that fuzzy control can be implemented even when no expert knowledge is available. The book is mainly oriented to control engineers and theorists, although parts can be read without any knowledge of control theory and may interest AI people. This 2nd, revised edition incorporates suggestions from numerous reviewers and updates and reorganizes some of the material.

Fuzzy controllers are a class of knowledge based controllers using artificial intelligence techniques with origins in fuzzy logic to compute an appropriate control action. These fuzzy knowledge based controllers can be found either as stand-alone control elements or as integral parts of distributed control systems including conventional controllers in a wide range of industrial process control systems and consumer products. Applications of fuzzy controllers have become a well established practice for Japanese manufacturers of control equipment and systems, and are becoming more and more common for their European and American counterparts. The main aim of this book is to show that fuzzy control is not totally ad hoc, that there exist formal techniques for the analysis of a fuzzy controller, and that fuzzy control can be implemented even when no expert knowledge is available. Thus the book is mainly oriented toward control engineers and theorists rather than fuzzy and non-fuzzy AI people. However, parts can be read without any knowledge of control theory and may be of interest to AI people. The book has six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces two major classes of knowledge based systems for closedloop control. Chapter 2 introduces relevant parts of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. Chapter 3 introduces the principal design parameters of a fuzzy knowledge based controller (FKBC) and discusses their relevance with respect to its performance. Chapter 4 considers an FKBC as a particular type of nonlinear controller. Chapter 5 considers tuning and adaptation of FKBCs, which are nonlinear and so can be designed to cope with a certain amount of nonlinearity. Chapter 6 considers several approaches for stability analysis of FKBCs in the context of classical nonlinear dynamic systems theory.

Fuzzy Logic Foundations and Industrial Applications is an organized edited collection of contributed chapters covering basic fuzzy logic theory, fuzzy linear programming, and applications. Special emphasis has been given to coverage of recent research results, and to industrial applications of fuzzy logic. The chapters are new works that have been written exclusively for this book by many of the leading and prominent researchers (such as Ronald Yager, Ellen Hisdal, Etienne Kerre, and others) in this field. The contributions are original and each chapter is self-contained. The authors have been careful to indicate direct links between fuzzy set theory and its industrial applications. Fuzzy Logic Foundations and Industrial Applications is an invaluable work that provides researchers and industrial engineers with up-to-date coverage of new results on fuzzy logic and relates these results to their industrial use.

Fuzzy technology has emerged as one of the most exciting new concepts available. Fuzzy Logic and its Applications... covers a wide range of the theory and applications of fuzzy logic and related systems, including industrial applications of fuzzy technology, implementing human intelligence in machines and systems. There are four main themes: intelligent systems, engineering, mathematical foundations, and information sciences. Both academics and the technical community will learn how and why fuzzy logic is appreciated in the conceptual, design and manufacturing stages of intelligent systems, gaining an improved understanding of the basic science and the foundations of human reasoning.

Engineering Intelligent Hybrid Multi-Agent Systems is about building intelligent hybrid systems. Included is coverage of applications and design concepts related to fusion systems, transformation systems and combination systems. These applications are in areas involving hybrid configurations of knowledge-based systems, case-based reasoning, fuzzy systems, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and in knowledge discovery and data mining. Through examples and applications a synergy of these subjects is demonstrated. The authors introduce a multi-agent architectural theory for engineering intelligent associative hybrid systems. The architectural theory is described at both the task structure level and the computational level. This problem-solving architecture is relevant for developing knowledge agents and information agents. An enterprise-wide system modeling framework is outlined to facilitate forward and backward integration of systems developed in the knowledge, information, and data engineering layers of an organization. In the modeling process, software engineering aspects like agent oriented analysis, design and reuse are developed and described. Engineering Intelligent Hybrid Multi-Agent Systems is the first book in the field to provide details of a multi-agent architecture for building intelligent hybrid systems.

Intelligent Hybrid Systems: Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and Genetic Algorithms is an organized edited collection of contributed chapters covering basic principles, methodologies, and applications of fuzzy systems, neural networks and genetic algorithms. All chapters are original contributions by leading researchers written exclusively for this volume. This book reviews important concepts and models, and focuses on specific methodologies common to fuzzy systems, neural networks and evolutionary computation. The emphasis is on development of cooperative models of hybrid systems. Included are applications related to intelligent data analysis, process analysis, intelligent adaptive information systems, systems identification, nonlinear systems, power and water system design, and many others. Intelligent Hybrid Systems: Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and Genetic Algorithms provides researchers and engineers with up-to-date coverage of new results, methodologies and applications for building intelligent systems capable of solving large-scale problems.

This book is concerned with Artificial Intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques as applied to industrial decision making, control and automation problems. The field of AI has been expanded enormously during the last years due to that solid theoretical and application results have accumulated. During the first stage of AI development most workers in the field were content with illustrations showing ideas at work on simple problems. Later, as the field matured, emphasis was turned to demonstrations that showed the capability of AI techniques to handle problems of practical value. Now, we arrived at the stage where researchers and practitioners are actually building AI systems that face real-world and industrial problems. This volume provides a set of twenty four well-selected contributions that deal with the application of AI to such real-life and industrial problems. These contributions are grouped and presented in five parts as follows: Part 1: General Issues Part 2: Intelligent Systems Part 3: Neural Networks in Modelling, Control and Scheduling Part 4: System Diagnostics Part 5: Industrial Robotic, Manufacturing and Organizational Systems Part 1 involves four chapters providing background material and dealing with general issues such as the conceptual integration of qualitative and quantitative models, the treatment of timing problems at system integration, and the investigation of correct reasoning in interactive man-robot systems.

Iterative Learning Control (ILC) differs from most existing control methods in the sense that, it exploits every possibility to incorporate past control informa­ tion, such as tracking errors and control input signals, into the construction of the present control action. There are two phases in Iterative Learning Control: first the long term memory components are used to store past control infor­ mation, then the stored control information is fused in a certain manner so as to ensure that the system meets control specifications such as convergence, robustness, etc. It is worth pointing out that, those control specifications may not be easily satisfied by other control methods as they require more prior knowledge of the process in the stage of the controller design. ILC requires much less information of the system variations to yield the desired dynamic be­ haviors. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, ILC has received considerable attention and applications in many areas for the past one and half decades. Most contributions have been focused on developing new ILC algorithms with property analysis. Since 1992, the research in ILC has progressed by leaps and bounds. On one hand, substantial work has been conducted and reported in the core area of developing and analyzing new ILC algorithms. On the other hand, researchers have realized that integration of ILC with other control techniques may give rise to better controllers that exhibit desired performance which is impossible by any individual approach.

Induction motors are the most important workhorses in industry. They are mostly used as constant-speed drives when fed from a voltage source of fixed frequency. Advent of advanced power electronic converters and powerful digital signal processors, however, has made possible the development of high performance, adjustable speed AC motor drives. This book aims to explore new areas of induction motor control based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in order to make the controller less sensitive to parameter changes. Selected AI techniques are applied for different induction motor control strategies. The book presents a practical computer simulation model of the induction motor that could be used for studying various induction motor drive operations. The control strategies explored include expert-system-based acceleration control, hybrid-fuzzy/PI two-stage control, neural-network-based direct self control, and genetic algorithm based extended Kalman filter for rotor speed estimation. There are also chapters on neural-network-based parameter estimation, genetic-algorithm-based optimized random PWM strategy, and experimental investigations. A chapter is provided as a primer for readers to get started with simulation studies on various AI techniques. Presents major artificial intelligence techniques to induction motor drives Uses a practical simulation approach to get interested readers started on drive development Authored by experienced scientists with over 20 years of experience in the field Provides numerous examples and the latest research results Simulation programs available from the book's Companion Website This book will be invaluable to graduate students and research engineers who specialize in electric motor drives, electric vehicles, and electric ship propulsion. Graduate students in intelligent control, applied electric motion, and energy, as well as engineers in industrial electronics, automation, and electrical transportation, will also find this book helpful. Simulation materials available for download at www.wiley.com/go/chanmotor

By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major transformation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about by the maturity of the field and the advances in its related technologies. From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities, providing support in services, entertainment, education, healthcare, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across diverse research areas and scientific disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are proving an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the field of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their significance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing field.

Engineering practice often has to deal with complex systems of multiple variable and multiple parameter models almost always with strong non-linear coupling. The conventional analytical techniques-based approaches for describing and predicting the behaviour of such systems in many cases are doomed to failure from the outset, even in the phase of the construction of a more or less appropriate mathematical model. These approaches normally are too categorical in the sense that in the name of “modelling accuracy” they try to describe all the structural details of the real physical system to be modelled. This can significantly increase the intricacy of the model and may result in a enormous computational burden without achieving considerable improvement of the solution. The best paradigm exemplifying this situation may be the classic perturbation theory: the less significant the achievable correction, the more work has to be invested to obtain it. A further important component of machine intelligence is a kind of “structural uniformity” giving room and possibility to model arbitrary particular details a priori not specified and unknown. This idea is similar to the ready-to-wear industry, which introduced products, which can be slightly modified later on in contrast to tailor-made creations aiming at maximum accuracy from the beginning. These subsequent corrections can be carried out by machines automatically. This “learning ability” is a key element of machine intelligence. The past decade confirmed that the view of typical components of the present soft computing as fuzzy logic, neural computing, evolutionary computation and probabilistic reasoning are of complementary nature and that the best results can be applied by their combined application. Today, the two complementary branches of Machine Intelligence, that is, Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence serve as the basis of Intelligent Engineering Systems. Thehuge number of scientific results published in Journal and conference proceedings worldwide substantiates this statement. The present book contains several articles taking different viewpoints in the field of intelligent systems.

Fuzzy logic methodology has been proven effective in dealing with complex nonlinear systems containing uncertainties that are otherwise difficult to model. Technology based on this methodology has been applied to many real-world problems, especially in the area of consumer products. This book presents the first unified and thorough treatment of fuzzy modeling and fuzzy control, providing necessary tools for the control of complex nonlinear systems. Careful consideration is given to questions concerning model complexity, model precision, and computing time. In addition to being an excellent reference for electrical, computer, chemical, industrial, civil, manufacturing, mechanical and aeronautical engineers, the book may also be appropriate for classroom use in a graduate course in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. Applied mathematicians, control engineers, computer scientists, and physicists will benefit from the presentation as well.

This monograph studies the design of robust, monotonically-convergent it- ative learning controllers for discrete-time systems. Iterative learning control (ILC) is well-recognized as an e?cient method that o?ers signi?cant p- formance improvement for systems that operate in an iterative or repetitive fashion (e. g., robot arms in manufacturing or batch processes in an industrial setting). Though the fundamentals of ILC design have been well-addressed in the literature, two key problems have been the subject of continuing - search activity. First, many ILC design strategies assume nominal knowledge of the system to be controlled. Only recently has a comprehensive approach to robust ILC analysis and design been established to handle the situation where the plant model is uncertain. Second, it is well-known that many ILC algorithms do not produce monotonic convergence, though in applications monotonic convergencecan be essential. This monograph addresses these two keyproblems by providingauni?ed analysisanddesignframeworkforrobust, monotonically-convergent ILC. The particular approach used throughout is to consider ILC design in the iteration domain, rather than in the time domain. Using a lifting technique, the two-dimensionalILC system, whichhas dynamics in both the time and - erationdomains,istransformedintoaone-dimensionalsystem,withdynamics only in the iteration domain. The so-called super-vector framework resulting from this transformation is used to analyze both robustness and monotonic convergence for typical uncertainty models, including parametric interval - certainties, frequency-like uncertainty in the iteration domain, and iterati- domain stochastic uncertainty.

This monograph summarizes the recent achievements made in the field of iterative learning control. The book is self-contained in theoretical analysis and can be used as a reference or textbook for a graduate level course as well as for self-study. It opens a new avenue towards a new paradigm in deterministic learning control theory accompanied by detailed examples.

Intelligent control is a rapidly developing, complex and challenging field with great practical importance and potential. Because of the rapidly developing and interdisciplinary nature of the subject, there are only a few edited volumes consisting of research papers on intelligent control systems but little is known and published about the fundamentals and the general know-how in designing, implementing and operating intelligent control systems. Intelligent control system emerged from artificial intelligence and computer controlled systems as an interdisciplinary field. Therefore the book summarizes the fundamentals of knowledge representation, reasoning, expert systems and real-time control systems and then discusses the design, implementation verification and operation of real-time expert systems using G2 as an example. Special tools and techniques applied in intelligent control are also described including qualitative modelling, Petri nets and fuzzy controllers. The material is illlustrated with simple examples taken from the field of intelligent process control.