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This textbook, based on the authors'class-tested material, is accessible to students at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level in physics and engineering. While its primary function is didactic, this book's comprehensive choice of topics and its clear and authoritative synthesis of ideas make it a useful reference for researchers, device engineers, and course instructors who wish to consolidate their knowledge of this field. The book takes the semi-classical approach where light is treated as a wave in accordance with the classical Maxwell equations, while matter is governed by quantum theory. It begins by introducing the postulates and mathematical framework of quantum theory, followed by the formalism of the density matrix which allows the transition from microscopic (quantum) quantities to macroscopic (classical) ones. Consequently, the equations describing the reaction of matter to the electromagnetic field in the form of polarization, magnetization, and current are derived. These equations (together with the Maxwell equations) form the complete system of equations sufficient to model a wide class of problems surrounding linear and nonlinear interactions of electromagnetic fields with matter. The nonlinear character of the governing equations determines parameters of the steady-state mode of the quantum generator and is also demonstrated in harmonic generation via propagation of laser radiation in various media. The touchstone description of magnetic phenomena will be of interest to scientists who deal with applications of magneto-resonance phenomena in biology and medicine. Other advanced topics covered include electric dipole transitions, magnetic dipole transitions, plasma transitions, and the devices that can be based on these and other electro-optical and nonlinear-optical systems. This textbook features numerous exercises, some of which are investigatory and some of which require computational solutions.

This thesis lays the groundwork for producing a new class of ultracold molecule by associating an alkali-metal atom and a closed-shell alkaline-earth-like atom, specifically Cs and Yb. Such molecules exhibit both a magnetic dipole moment and an electric dipole moment in their ground state. This extra degree of freedom opens up new avenues of research including the study of exotic states of matter, the shielding of molecular collisions and the simulation of lattice spin models.In detail, the thesis reports the first and only ultracold mixture of Cs and Yb in the world, giving details of the methods used to cool such contrasting atomic species together. Using sensitive two-colour photoassociation measurements to measure the binding energies of the near-threshold CsYb molecular levels in the electronic ground state has allowed the previously unknown scattering lengths to be accurately determined for all the Cs–Yb isotopic combinations. As part of this work, theone-photon photoassociation of ultracold Cs•Yb is also studied, yielding useful information on the excited-state potential. Knowledge of the scattering lengths enables a strategy to be devised to cool both species to quantum degeneracy and, crucially, determines the positions of interspecies Feshbach resonances required for efficient association of ground-state CsYb molecules. With these results, the prospect of bringing a new molecule into the ultracold regime has become considerably closer.

Divergencies in quantum field theory referred to as “infinite zero-point energy” have been a problem for 70 years. Renormalization has always been considered an unsatisfactory remedy.In 1985 it was found that Maxwell's equations generally do not have solutions that satisfy the causality law. An additional term for magnetic dipole currents corrected this shortcoming. Rotating magnetic dipoles produce magnetic dipole currents, just as rotating electric dipoles in a material like barium titanate produce electric dipole currents. Electric dipole currents were always part of Maxwell's equations.This book shows that the correction of Maxwell's equations eliminates the infinite zero-point energy in quantum electrodynamics. In addition, it presents many more new results.

This textbook explains the experimental basics, effects and theory of nuclear physics. It supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Numerous tables and diagrams help to better understand the explanations. A better feeling to the subject of the book is given with sketches about the historical development of nuclear physics. The main topics of this book include the phenomena associated with passage of charged particles and radiation through matter which are related to nuclear resonance fluorescence and the Moessbauer effect., Gamov's theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, electron capture and gamma decay. The discussion of general properties of nuclei covers nuclear sizes and nuclear force, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Nuclear instability against various modes of decay and Yukawa theory are explained. Nuclear models such as Fermi Gas Model, Shell Model, Liquid Drop Model, Collective Model and Optical Model are outlined to explain various experimental facts related to nuclear structure. Heavy ion reactions, including nuclear fusion, are explained. Nuclear fission and fusion power production is treated elaborately.

This book provides a self-contained description of the measurements of the magnetic dipole moments of the electron and muon, along with a discussion of the measurements of the fine structure constant, and the theory associated with magnetic and electric dipole moments. Also included are the searches for a permanent electric dipole moment of the electron, muon, neutron and atomic nuclei. The related topic of the transition moment for lepton flavor violating processes, such as neutrinoless muon or tauon decays, and the search for such processes are included as well. The papers, written by many of the leading authors in this field, cover both the experimental and theoretical aspects of these topics.

This book has emerged from an undergraduate course as well as a graduate one, which I have taught for a number of years. Recently, many universities have experimented by bringing quantum theory forward in the curriculum and we follow their example. This book is intended to serve as an introduction to theoretical mechanics and quantum mechanics for chemists. I have included those parts of quantum mechanics which are of greatest fundamental interest and utility, and have developed those parts of classical mechanics which relate to and illuminate them. I try to give a comprehensive treatment wherever possible. The book would acquaint chemists with the quantum structure of the basic object of chemistry, the atom. My intention is to bridge the gap between classical physics, general and inorganic chemistry, and quantum mechanics. For these reasons: 1. I present in one course the basics of theoretical mechanics and quantum mechanics, to emphasise the continuity between them; 2. I have chosen the topics of theoretical mechanics based upon two criteria: a) usefulness for chemical problems: two-body problem; rotational motion of a charged particles (free and in an atom); interaction of a magnetic field with a magnetic dipole; details of small oscillations and oscillations of molecules; b) the need for transition from classical to quantum mechanics: basics of Lagrangian mechanics; basics of Hamiltonian mechanics; 3. I give detailed explanation of an application of the quantum method to simple systems: one-dimensional potential, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom, and hydrog- like atoms.

The photon, an abstract concept belonging to a global vacuum, only manifests itself duringinteraction with matter. Fundamentals of Photon Physics describes the richly faceted, basic theoryof photon-matter interaction, selecting a wide number of topics. Together with the author's bookLight -- The Physics of the Photon (CRC, 2014), both written on a scholarly level, the reader isgiven a comprehensive exposition of photon wave mechanics, quantum optics and quantumelectrodynamics (QED).Divided into 10 parts, the book begins by exploring the relation between photon wave mechanicsand quantum field theory. It then describes the theories of zero- and one-photon states andthat of bi-photons. After discussing conservation laws, Lagrangian formulations, geometricphase and topology, the author turns towards the theory of photon scattering, emphasizing adensity matrix operator approach and the role of microscopic extinction theorems. The booknext focuses on mesoscopic QED, devoting particular attention to collective jellium excitationsand photon-spin interactions. Special attention is given to the basics of the photon-magnoninteraction and nonlinear superconductor electrodynamics, including the nonlinear Meissnerrectification phenomenon, before studying the theory of transverse photons tied to (dressing)massive particles.The last three parts take the reader on a journey to topics usually not treated in books on photon-matter interaction. Beginning with photons in curved space-time structures and in spatiallycurved media, e.g. Möbius bands, the author discusses the extension of QED to the electro-weakinteraction at an introductory level. Fundamentals of Photon Physics ends with the establishmentof the set of isovector Maxwell equations in non-Abelian SO(3) gauge theory, leading tothe celebrated hedgehog monopole model.Ole Keller is professor emeritus of theoretical physics at Aalborg University, Denmark. He earned his Licentiate (∼ PhD) degree in semiconductor physics from the Danish Technical University in Copenhagen in 1972, and the Doctor of Science degree from the University of Aarhus (1996). In 1989 he was appointed as the first professor in physics at Aalborg University by Margrethe Den Anden, queen of Denmark. The same year he was admitted to Kraks Blaa Bog, a prestigious Danish biographical dictionary which (citatum) ”Includes men and women, whose life story could have an interest for a wider public”. He is a fellow of the Optical Society of America.He has written the books entitled Quantum Theory of Near-Field Electrodynamics (Springer, 2011) and LIGHT - The Physics of the Photon (CRC, 2014), as well as the monographs Local Fields in the Electrodynamics of Mesoscopic Media (Physics Reports, 1996) and On the Theory of Spatial Localization of Photons (Physics Reports, 2005). He is the editor of the books Nonlinear Optics in Solids (Springer, 1990), Studies in Classical and Quantum Nonlinear Optics (Nova Science, 1995) and Notions and Perspectives of Nonlinear Optics (World Scientific, 1996).In recent years he has carried out theoretical research in fundamental photon physics, microscopic few-photon diffraction, mesoscopic and Möbius band electrodynamics, and studied magnetic monopole theory based on QED and the isovector Maxwell equations in non-Abelian gauge symmetry.

This book explores new experimental techniques and theoretical models to deepen an understanding of radiation effects and ion interaction processes in order to design materials for devices for the emerging quantum technology era.Applications include tailored sensors that respond to ionizing radiation and other electromagnetic phenomena; sensors with high radiation hardness; and materials that contain specific engineered defects with desirable optical, magnetic, or electrical properties.The chapters detail direct experimental investigations into the dynamics of radiation-induced defects, including their generation, annihilation, and transformation, on a time scale ranging from femto-seconds to seconds which requires a more detailed understanding to develop the potential of ion beams for the new technology era.It will be a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers that employ ion beams and want to engage in quantum technologies. The book will also be of interest to scientists and engineers from industry that want to make use of ion beams in quantum technologies or learn more about the potential use of ion beams in the field.Key Features:• Provides a comprehensive introduction to this exciting and growing field of research.• Up-to-date with the latest cutting-edge research and practical guidance for researchers and those in industry to apply to their work.• Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject-area specialists.

The Wonder of Quantum Spin is a confection of the history and the science of quantum spin sprinkled with quotations and excerpts from pioneers who lived and breathed science. The book unfolds two centuries of the golden era in mathematics and physics, where first glimpses of spin appeared nearly 200 years ago in the mathematics of rotations. In these studies, spinors emerged as a new entity that changes sign after a 360 degree rotation, reminiscent of the Mobius geometry. A century later, quantum spins described by spinors was discovered in physics in atomic spectra. This led to the discovery of antimatter and raised the possibility of parity violation. It gave the first warning that protons and neutrons are not elementary. As we approach the centennial of the discovery, the spin mystique prevails as we have no clue of what exactly is spinning. Nevertheless, the theoretical framework underlying the spin determines why we exist, and explains the mysteries of the 3000-year-old phenomenon of magnetism. This book showcases MRI - one of the most important medical advances of the 20th century with a tantalizing history of the application of nuclear spin to humanity. It narrates fascinating spin tales of the precision measurements of electron and muon spin magnetic moments displaying a mindboggling confrontation between theory and experiment that remains our ambassador to quantum physics.

This book provides a historical presentation of Old Quantum Theory and early Quantum Mechanics integrated with comments and examples that help contextualize and understand the physics discussed. It consists in a detailed analysis of the usual topics that have most contributed to the birth and the development of Quantum Mechanics (black-body spectrum, atomic models, EPR paradox, etc.), but also dealing with ideas, concepts and results that are not usually treated (vortex atoms, discussion on the meaning of the term “electron”, non-quantum models of the Compton effect, etc.). The time span taken into consideration goes mainly from the 1880s to the 1940s; but some brief notes on more recent results are also presented in the appendixes. The work is based on nearly 800 original documents – books, papers, letters, newspapers – whose content is not only partially reported, but also explained, and inserted in the historical, social and disciplinary context of the time. Together with a rigorous historical framework, the book offers also an educational discussion of the physical aspects presented. Indeed, there are some specific sections and subsections with pedagogical observations. This book is intended for students pursuing STEM degrees, particularly those seeking an understanding of the genesis and rationale behind quantum mechanics. But it is surely also addressed to professional physicists who are eager to reconsider the cultural foundations underlying the quantum view of the world. We are thus thinking of inquiring minds, people who teach quantum physics, and individuals involved in quantum technologies.

The Jaynes–Cummings Model (JCM) has been at the forefront of modern physics as one of the simplest, yet intricately nonlinear, models of light-matter interaction. Focusing on the omnipresence of the JCM across a range of disciplines, this significantly updated and comprehensive review conveys to the reader the fundamental generality of its formalism, looking at a wide range of applications in specific physical systems and across disciplines including atomic physics, quantum optics, solid-state physics and quantum information sciences. An ideal reference for researchers in quantum physics and quantum optics, the book also comprises an accessible introduction for students engaged with non-equilibrium quantum phase transitions, quantum computing and simulation, quantum many-body physics, cavity, circuit and waveguide QED. Key Features: Collects JCM physics and applications scattered across literature and different applications. The exposition guides the reader through a rich and appealing landscape interlacing quantum optics and condensed-matter physics. All chapters discuss theory and experiment, linked historically to the development of the various directions stemming from JC physics. This is accompanied by a thorough list of references to the key publications. The presentation is kept concise, while continuous text is interspersed with various illustrations and an economical use of mathematical expressions.

This book is a tribute to Harald Fritzsch (1943-2022), who has made outstanding contributions to the development of modern particle physics. He was a pioneer of QCD, the gauge theory of strong interactions, and contributed significantly to Grand Unified Theories and to the physics of quark and lepton flavors.The present book collects reminiscences of Harald Fritzsch and scientific articles, written by friends, colleagues, collaborators and former students. The contributed articles span a wide range of topics, reflecting Harald's broad interests in physics, from QCD and its applications at high and low energies, the flavor puzzle, flavor symmetries and textures, to gravity, constants of Nature and fundamental symmetries and their violation. The authors of these articles include, among others, Siegfried Bethke, Johannes Blümlein, Stanley J Brodsky, Gerard't Hooft, Heinrich Leutwyler, Hans Peter Nilles, Serguey T Petcov, Kok Khoo Phua and Willibald Plessas.

Very-high-energy astrophysics studies the most energetic photons in the sky, allowing the exploration of violent and extreme non-thermal phenomena in the Universe. Significant advances in knowledge have been made in this field using ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) as detectors, to study these physical processes in the Universe. This book reviews the progress in the field since the advent of the second generation IACTs around 2004. Going through the scientific highlights obtained by the three current instruments of this kind, H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS, operating now for more than 15 years, this book presents a state-of-the-art knowledge in four areas of modern astrophysics and cosmology, namely the origin of the cosmic rays, the physics of compact objects and their resulting relativistic outflows, gamma-ray cosmology, and the search for dark matter. Along with a detailed review of the outstanding scientific outcomes, a summary of the key technological developments that yielded the recognized success of the technique is also provided.This book is written for early-career academics in the fields of astrophysics, high energy physics and cosmology. At the same time, it can serve as a source of reference for the expert in the field.

This book serves as a comprehensive introduction to quantum computing platforms, inspired by recent advancements in quantum technologies aimed at detecting and manipulating single quantum objects. Encompassing solid-state, atomic, and optical platforms, it delves into various aspects of quantum computing, including topological quantum computing. The content covers the fabrication, modeling, and numerical implementation of quantum circuits, such as Josephson junctions and qubits, along with hybrid nanostructures. Additionally, the book introduces quantum entanglement, a crucial concept for quantum communication and information processes. The well-compiled topics and concise presentation position the book as a primer for courses on quantum technologies.

In this book, the authors describe how quantum mechanics can be used to predict diatomic molecule spectra in a gaseous state by discussing the calculation of their spectral line intensities. The book provides a comprehensive overview on diatomic molecule fundamentals before emphasising the applications of spectroscopy predictions in analysis of experimental data. With over 30 years of experience in measurements and quantitative analysis of recorded data, the authors communicate valuable references to any academic engaged in the field of spectroscopy and the book serves as a comprehensive guide to anyone with a genuine interest in the subject. This new edition includes ten new chapters and three new appendices including Abel Inversion of recorded data, measurement of shadowgraphs, and application of line strength data for analysis of light from excited 2-atom molecules. Key Features: Discusses diatomic spectroscopy Includes quantum mechanics derivations and computation and diatomic spectra Examples of theory and experiment comparisons Provides numerical algorithms for computation Presents workable references for diagnostics with particular transitions of interest for selected diatomic molecules

The essential introduction to modern statistical mechanics—now completely updated and expandedStatistical mechanics is one of the most exciting areas of physics today and has applications to subjects ranging from economics and social behavior to algorithmic theory and evolutionary biology. Statistical Mechanics in a Nutshell provides a self-contained introduction to this rapidly developing field. Starting with the basics of kinetic theory and requiring only a background in elementary calculus and mechanics, this concise book discusses the most important developments of recent decades and guides readers to the very threshold of today's cutting-edge research.Features a new chapter on stochastic thermodynamics with an introduction to the thermodynamics of information—the first treatment of its kind in an introductory textbookOffers a more detailed account of numerical simulations, including simulated annealing and other accelerated Monte Carlo methodsThe chapter on complex systems now features an accessible introduction to the replica theory of spin glasses and the Hopfield theory of neural networks, with an emphasis on applicationsProvides a new discussion of defect-mediated transitions and their implications for two-dimensional meltingAn invaluable resource for graduate students and advanced undergraduates seeking a compact primer on the core ideas of statistical mechanicsSolutions manual (available only to instructors)

This textbook presents an up to date perspective on the fundamental elements of theoretical physics. It encompasses analytical mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, special and general relativity, and non-relativistic quantum theory, thoroughly developing the necessary mathematical methods beyond standard calculus while striving to be as clear, explicit, and direct as possible. The exposition of the theory, both in the classical and quantum parts, is expanded and reworked compared to the first edition. In parallel with the formalism, which is explained in full detail, several more experimental phenomena and techniques are included and discussed. Throughout, the emphasis is on the physical meaning of the theory, that is, the precise way in which the necessary experimental verification occurs or might occur in the future. With its comprehensive approach, rigorous mathematical treatments, and clear, physically oriented explanations of principles and experiments, this textbook is an essential resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of physics, as well as a valuable reference for researchers.

This monograph explores the profound implications of neutrino discovery and their minuscule masses on our understanding of the Universe. It delves into the fundamental composition of matter, revealing that neutrinos, electrons, and positrons are the only indivisible particles. The book addresses the crucial question of hadronization: the process by which all other particles (hadrons, bosons, etc.) are formed from electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. It examines what catalyzes this significant transformation, which involves a substantial increase in mass. By integrating the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) of hadrons and bosons with recent experimental data from CERN, the book demonstrates the essential role of electrons and positrons in facilitating the synthesis of hadrons and bosons from ambient neutrinos. It is a valuable resource for graduates, researchers, and academics working in the areas of physics, chemistry, and chemical engineering.

This book focuses on the study of the dynamical properties of hadron resonances, especially their transition processes by electromagnetic and strong interactions, by using the holographic quantum chromodynamics (QCD) model. Understanding the nature of hadrons leads to revealing non-perturbative phenomena that are prominent in the low-energy region of QCD. However, there remain many open questions regarding the nature of resonant states. Holographic QCD is one of the most powerful methods to elucidate non-perturbative phenomena in QCD. We will attempt to investigate the dynamical properties of hadron resonances using the Sakai-Sugimoto model, which has achieved much success in the study of hadron physics. In particular, we studied the transition process of hadrons through the calculation of the form factors of them employing the approach of holographic QCD. The book contains a systematic review of the treatment of hadron physics by the Sakai-Sugimoto model. It further covers how to calculate the form factors of baryons through the calculation of the n-point function from holographic QCD. It also includes remarks on the modern understanding of hadron physics. The method of collective coordinate quantization of solitons—Skyrmion and Instanton—is also explained in a concise manner. These are useful not only for students and young researchers interested in this field.

The fifth edition of this well-established, highly regarded two-volume set continues to provide a fundamental introduction to advanced particle physics while incorporating substantial new experimental results, especially in the areas of the Higgs and top quark sectors, as well as CP violation and neutrino oscillations. It offers an accessible and practical introduction to the three gauge theories comprising the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED), quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory.The first volume provides a broad and self-contained introduction to the first of these theories, QED. A unique feature is the elementary introduction to quantum field theory, leading in easy stages to covariant perturbation theory and Feynman graphs, thereby establishing a firm foundation for the formal and conceptual framework upon which the subsequent development of the three quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model is based.The second volume covers the two non-Abelian gauge theories of QCD and the GSW theory. A distinctive feature is the extended treatment of two crucial theoretical tools: spontaneous symmetry breaking and the renormalization group. The underlying physics of these is elucidated by parallel discussions of examples from condensed matter systems: superfluidity and superconductivity, and critical phenomena. This new edition includes updates to jet algorithms, lattice field theory, CP violation and the CKM matrix, and neutrino physics.New to the fifth edition: Tests of the Standard Model in the Higgs and top quark sectors The naturalness problem and responses to it going beyond the Standard Model The Standard Model as an effective field theory This revised and updated anniversary edition provides a self-contained pedagogical treatment of the subject, from relativistic quantum mechanics to the frontiers of the Standard Model. For each theory, the authors discuss the main conceptual points in both mathematical and physical aspects, detail many practical calculations of physical quantities from first principles, and compare these quantitative predictions with experimental results, helping readers improve both their calculation skills and physical insight.This set should serve as a valuable handbook for students and researchers in advanced particle physics looking for an introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics.

This book outlines past and new developments in molecular response theory in terms of static and dynamic-induced current densities and showcases an important step forward in the field of molecular density functions and their topological analysis. The book begins with a general perspective on topics such as classical Hamiltonian, quantum mechanical Hamiltonian, and topological analysis of the electron charge density, followed by an in-depth overview of time-dependent and -independent perturbations, and applications. In this book, the author presents a completely new approach that allows the interpretation of electric and magnetic properties through origin-independent density functions. Readers will also find examples of how the new origin-independent density functions are useful for rationalizing the chemical behavior of molecules interacting with impinging radiation. The concepts contained within the book are the basis for a deeper understanding of Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies, as well as the mechanisms that give rise to electric polarization and optical activity in chiral systems. A basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and ab initio electronic structure calculation methods such as Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory is required. Given its breadth, the book provides an important contribution to the field of Quantum Chemical Topology and appeals to students and researchers interested in learning more about the relationship between electrical and magnetic properties, density functions derivable from them and experimental observables.

This book provides a brief and pedagogic introduction to a variety of topics, with a common motif that they all occur, in some way or other, in “the sky”, and involve some sort of “rhythm”. Sky is not just the inside of a dome; there are many strata, each with its own beauties and mysteries. As we go up, the atmosphere thins out and ends, and we move into the space, into the realms of planets, asteroids, and comets, and even further, beyond the solar system into the vast Milky Way galaxy. This is where the night sky comes in, with all its twinkling stars, the stars in our own galaxy. We must use telescopes to explore further. In this book, we will start from the ancient astronomers and how they studied the motion of earth through space. Study of planetary orbits, from Kepler and Newton to Einstein, had been fascinating. We will try to take the reader through the wonderful worlds of the cepheid variables and pulsars to the strange oscillations of the neutrinos and the new eye to look at the universe, namely the gravitational waves. The book stops at the discovery of the black hole at the center of our galaxy, but that is just because we must stop somewhere, or the assortment could go on ad infinitum. Some of these topics are highly mathematical in nature, but we will try to avoid the complicated mathematics as much as possible, without compromising with the rigor.

Our current understanding of nature is in terms of matter that is acted on by forces. There are four fundamental forces, of which three are described by so-called gauge theories, a type of quantum field theory. The fourth force, gravity, is best described by general relativity, and our traditional ways of thinking about gauge theories and gravity look completely different from each other.In recent years, an exciting new correspondence called the'double copy'has emerged, which suggests that the above theories may be much more closely related than previously thought. Inspired by previous work in string theory, it originated in the study of how particles interact, but has since been generalised to show that many gravitational quantities can be simply obtained by recycling simpler gauge theory results. This has significant practical applications — such as new calculational tools for astrophysics — but is also of conceptual importance, in suggesting that our current ways of thinking about fundamental physics are hiding a vast underlying structure.This book reviews our current theories of fundamental physics, before describing in detail how the double copy was discovered, how it can be applied to different types of object in gauge or gravity theory, and what its current and future applications are. No prior knowledge of quantum field theory or string theory is assumed, such that the book will be of interest to a broad audience of physicists and mathematicians.

This textbook addresses and introduces new developments in the field of quantum information and computing (QIC) for a primary audience of undergraduate students. Developments over the past few decades have spurred the need for QIC courseware at major research institutions. To address this, the present 2nd edition of a highly accessible textbook/reference broadens the exposure of QIC science for the undergraduate market. The subject matter is introduced in such a way so that it is accessible to students with only a first-year calculus background. Greater accessibility allows a broader range of academic offerings. Topics and features: Introduces beginning undergraduate students to quantum theory and developments in QIC, without exposure to upper-level physics and mathematics Contains a new chapter on Adiabatic Quantum Computing Integrates Mathematica-based software examples and projects, which offers a “hands-on'experience and facilitates navigation of difficult abstract concepts Offers helpful links to additional exercises, problems, and solution manuals Facilitates a more holistic approach to the teaching of difficult concepts, incorporating symbolic manipulation software Provides new material on Quantum Error Correction Allows a broad-range of course offerings spanning physics, engineering, math and computer science This unique introductory textbook can serve courses offered in university physics, engineering, math, and definitely computer science departments. Use of Mathematica software allows a fast learning curve for students who have limited experience with scientific programming.

This textbook offers an introduction to statistical mechanics, special relativity, and quantum physics, developed from lecture notes for the'Quantum Physics'course at the University of Padua. Beginning with a brief review of classical statistical mechanics in the first chapter, the book explores special and general relativity in the second chapter. The third chapter delves into the historical analysis of light quantization, while the fourth chapter discusses Niels Bohr's quantization of energy levels and electromagnetic transitions. The Schrödinger equation is investigated in the fifth chapter. Chapter Six covers applications of quantum mechanics, including the quantum particle in a box, quantum particle in harmonic potential, quantum tunneling, stationary perturbation theory, and time-dependent perturbation theory. Chapter Seven outlines the basic axioms of quantum mechanics. Chapter Eight focuses on quantum atomic physics, emphasizing electron spin and utilizing the Dirac equation for theoretical justification. The ninth chapter explains quantum mechanics principles for identical particles at zero temperature, while Chapter Ten extends the discussion to quantum particles at finite temperature. Chapter Eleven provides insights into quantum information and entanglement, and the twelfth chapter explains the path integral approach to quantum mechanics.

Written for the general reader, this book provides an overview of modern theoretical physics, focusing on the history and development of theoretical physics over the past century, while providing supplemental mathematical derivations for the more advanced reader.It tells the ongoing challenges to unify theories for the fundamental forces of nature, and reveals the interplay of the foundations of classical mechanics and Maxwell's equations, special and general relativity theory, quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the standard model of particle physics, the theoretical framework of string theory, the cosmological theory for the evolution of the universe, and the theory of black holes.This subject matter brings forth the most interesting and revolutionary ideas in modern theoretical physics, taking the reader through a fascinating journey with a broad overview of the evolving universe that we live in.

Atomic and molecular collision physics has undergone extraordinary transformations in last few decades which is driven by a convergence of breakthroughs in the sophisticated instruments, theoretical advancements, and computational capabilities. Rapid advancement and availability of a number of sophisticated tools, such as, accelerators, ion sources, lasers, synchrotrons, free electron lasers etc, have led this remarkable transformation. On the other hand, there has been a phenomenal growth in the theoretical front which has not only complemented the experimental data, but also have predicted new mechanisms guiding the experimentalists to venture into the new and challenging experiments. This comprehensive collection of articles aims to capture the essence of these exciting developments, offering a comprehensive overview of the latest insights into the field. The articles are prepared such that the newcomers in the field will get a glimpse in the field while presenting state-of-the-art reviews for the scientists working in the field. The thirty authors from different countries, who have prepared the thirteen articles, are experts in their respective fields of research. The articles deal with relatively new discoveries in atomic and molecular physics as well as the latest development in the field. The experimental techniques and the related scientific achievements using different electron spectrometers, EUV/VUV spectrometers, high-resolution momentum imaging and COLTRIMS have been dealt in details. The post-collision interaction in ion-atom collisions, the atomic and molecular ICD, spatial coherence in molecular double slit scattering, electron capture and Shannon entropy, collisions involving atomic and molecular dimers, ultrafast processes in clusters and fullerene (C60), and processes like ionization and electron emission are delved in various chapters. It also explores the theoretical modeling for the structure and collisions involving water molecule and water-clusters [(H2O)n], important for radio-biological applications. In addition, theoretical techniques, such as, the CDW-EIS, CTMC, TDDFT and TDLDA, eikonal impulse approximation, perturbed relativistic coupled-cluster theory are introduced in different chapters. A few dynamical scenarios using fast and ultrafast laser pulses are explored, theoretically, starting from femtosecond to the attosecond domain. Bridging the gap between the spectroscopy and collisional aspects is one unique feature of this book. A suitable balance between theory-based (seven chapters) and experiment-based (six chapters) articles is important characteristics of this volume. Each chapter, surveys not only the current state of knowledge but also indicating the pathways forward and indicating the practical applications of atomic collisions in diverse scientific disciplines, such as, science of plasmas, astrochemistry, astrophysics, radiobiology, radiation damage, laser and accelerator technology etc. It is expected that the volume serves as a valuable resource for researchers, students, and enthusiasts alike, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of atomic physics and its applications.

This textbook offers a clear and concise introduction to the main aspects of neutrino physics, providing the foundational knowledge necessary for research in both theoretical and experimental fields. It presents field theory concepts in a highly self-contained manner and explains the main experimental techniques and phenomenological aspects of neutrino and particle physics with clarity and scientific rigor. Specialized jargon and traditionally ambiguous concepts are carefully explained. The book's didactic style focuses on a selected number of key topics, enriched with numerous figures and examples. Significant recent advancements in theory and experiments are described within their physical context, avoiding technical details likely to become outdated soon. This book will be invaluable not only for students of particle physics but also as a concise reference for researchers in other fields seeking an up-to-date understanding of essential concepts in neutrino physics.

The search for a theory of quantum gravity is one of the most important and fascinating problems in modern theoretical physics. While we do not have yet a complete theory of quantum gravity, significant advancements have been done in the past decades. In this handbook, every section is dedicated to a specific approach towards a theory of quantum gravity and is edited by the leading experts in the field. This book represents both a valuable resource for graduate students and an important reference for researchers in quantum gravity.

This book covers the latest advancements and applications of nonlinear dynamics in various fields of science and engineering, presenting a curated selection of peer-reviewed contributions at the 2nd International Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications (ICNDA 2024) at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT). Organized by the Department of Mathematics, SMIT, SMU, this international conference provides a platform for scientists, researchers, and inventors to share their findings and exchange ideas in the ever-evolving field of nonlinear dynamics. This book comprises three volumes. Volume 2 focuses on chaos, complexity, and fractals in dynamical systems. It covers topics such as novel methods for solving population balance models; analysis of fractal structures and nonlinear partial differential equations; dynamics of disease therapy and cytokine interactions; stability and behavior of predator-prey and ecological systems; fluid dynamics and heat transfer in nanofluids; and numerical and analytical approaches to material and structural optimization

The Quantum Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards: Recent Developments, Second Edition, covers advances in atomic frequency standards (atomic clocks) from the last several decades. It explains the use of various techniques, such as laser optical pumping, coherent population trapping, laser cooling, and electromagnetic and optical trapping, in the implementation of classical microwave and optical atomic frequency standards.It provides an up-to-date, in-depth view of the vast improvements to atomic clocks that have occurred in the last 25 years. The improved stability and accuracy enable the verification of physical concepts used in fundamental theories, such as relativity, as well as the stability of fundamental constants intrinsic to those theories.The book first discusses improvements to conventional atomic frequency standards, highlighting the main limitations of those frequency standards and the physical basis of the limitations. It then describes how advances in the theory and applications of atomic physics have opened new avenues in frequency standards. The authors go on to explore the research and development of new microwave and optical frequency standards before presenting the results in frequency stability and accuracy achieved with these new frequency standards. They also illustrate the application of atomic clocks in metrology, telecommunications, navigation, and other areas and give some insight into future work.This new edition examines updated developments on the frequency standards, alongside content on the International System of Units (SI) and the role of atomic clocks on their base units. It also features new material on Coherent Population Trapping and new developments in the field of optical frequency standards.Key Features: Describes the basic physics, including quantum mechanics, behind the operation of atomic clocks. Explores new frequency standards that provide better stability and accuracy than older, more conventional standards. Discusses the importance of the field in the general context of physics. Jacques Vanier is retired from the National Research Council of Canada and as adjunct professor in the Physics Department at the University of Montreal. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, the American Physical Society, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. He has written more than 120 journal articles and proceedings papers and is the author of several books on masers, lasers, and atomic clocks. His main research work is oriented toward the understanding and application of quantum electronics phenomena.Cipriana Tomescu is retired from The Institute of Physics, Bucharest, Romania, and as invited researcher in the Physics Department at the University of Montreal. She is the author of numerous articles in scientific journals and conference proceedings. Her research involves state-of-the-art atomic frequency standards and H masers.

This book presents the proceedings of the XXV DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics (HEP) Symposium 2022, held at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India. This proceeding marks the 25th edition. The latest results covering both the theoretical and the experimental aspects of the HEP research were presented under 10 broad topics ranging from Astroparticle and cosmology to Higgs and top quark physics, namely (1) article Astrophysics and Cosmology, (2) Beyond Standard Model Physics, (3) Formal Theory, (4) Detector Development Future Facilities and Experiments, (5) Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics and QCD, (6) Higgs Physics, (7) Quark and Lepton Flavor Physics, (9) Societal Applications: Medical Physics, Imaging, and (10) Top Quark and EW Physics.

Note: •The three volumes are not sequential but rather independent of each other and largely self-contained.Perturbed Evolution has a closer link to Simple Systems than it has to Basic Matters, but any reader familiar with the subject matter of a solid introduction to quantum mechanics — such as Dirac's formalism of kets and bras, Schrödinger's and Heisenberg's equations of motion, and the standard examples that can be treated exactly, with harmonic oscillators and hydrogen-like atoms among them — can cope with the somewhat advanced material of this volume. The basics of kinematics and dynamics are reviewed at the outset, including discussions of Bohr's principle of complementarity and Schwinger's quantum action principle. The Born series, the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, and Fermi's golden rule are recurring themes in the treatment of the central subject matter — the evolution in the presence of perturbing interactions for which there are no exact solutions as one has them for the standard examples in Simple Systems. The scattering by a localized potential is regarded as a perturbed evolution of a particular kind and is dealt with accordingly. The unique features of the scattering of indistinguishable quantum objects illustrate the nonclassical properties of bosons and fermions and prepare the groundwork for a discussion of multi-electron atoms.

Note: •The three volumes are not sequential but rather independent of each other and largely self-contained.Basic Matters is a first introduction to quantum mechanics that does not assume any prior knowledge of the subject. The emphasis is on the general structure as the necessary foundation of any understanding. Starting from the simplest quantum phenomenon, the Stern-Gerlach experiment with its choice between two discrete outcomes, and ending with one-dimensional continuous systems, the physical concepts and notions as well as the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics are developed in successive, manageable steps. The presentation is modern inasmuch as the natural language of the trade — Dirac's kets and bras and so on — is introduced early, and the temporal evolution is dealt with in a picture-free manner, with Schrödinger's and Heisenberg's equations of motion side by side and on equal footing.

Causality: Cause and effect. In classical physics, an effect cannot occur before its cause. In Einstein's theory of special relativity, causality means that an effect cannot occur from a cause that is not in the back (past) light cone of that event. The books cover the useful physical relations inferred by unitarity and causality. A famous example is the Kramers-Kronig relation for the refractive index of a gas or dilute medium. For example, in Chapter 3 generalises the Kramers-Kronig relation to relativistic medium, such as CMB (photon gas). These relations are extensively also used in particle and nuclear physics. Especially useful are the so-called “sum rules”, such as the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) or the Baldin sum rule. The author notes that the first edition is too brief. In his teaching practice, he sees that is is challenging to use as a standalone text. He intends to improve the explanations of many topics that students found particularly challenging. The additional material will make the book more timely, self-contained, and logically complete. Key Features: Modern book on a timely subject Classroom friendly and built on newly developed courses taught at a major Physics Department in Germany Advanced material written in simple non-technical language Includes pedagogical examples and discussions of the current forefront research

This book focus on the latest advances in optical vortices field, from fundamentals to applications. The goal of this book is to present the optical vortices to a broad audience. The book begins with the basic knowledge in the field of optical vortices, including the characteristics of optical vortices, generation methods, and orbital angular momentum detection methods. Then, several important types of optical vortices are introduced, including partially coherent vortex beams, vector vortex beams and spatiotemporal optical vortices. Lastly, the applications of optical vortices are introduced systematically, including in optical trapping, optical communications, imaging and metrology. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive overview of optical vortices Includes the latest advances of optical vortices Written in a pedagogical way Includes a summary at the end of each chapter to reinforce main concepts

This book summarizes recent impressive improvements in the application of Quantum Mechanics, coupled with the significant increase in both speed and storage capabilities of modern computers, that allow to depict the energy and reactive properties of chemically complex materials through first principles and destroy the dogmatic assumption that the natural complexity cannot be modeled. It presents methods of Quantum Chemistry applied to various fields of geoscience. The book aims to convey to the audience, methods and procedures apt to obtain sound thermodynamic and thermo-physical data for earth's materials under various aggregation states. The attention of this book focusses on the applicative aspects of the various procedures, with reference to the underlying theory.

This book bridges the gap between physical foundations and medical applications of the NMR and MRI technologies, making them accessible to both physicists and biomedical scientists. The physical basis of these technologies is discussed in a manner that can be easily understood by scientists from different backgrounds, aiding them in gaining a clearer understanding of the subject.. For instance, the medical applications of NMR and MRI technologies are described in a way that is accessible to physicists. Moreover, geometrical descriptions and specific mathematical tools are used to facilitate the visualizations of many concepts. Furthermore, the book covers modern technologies such as hyperpolarization and several other state-of-the-art techniques, along with their foundations.

Macroscopic objects made of magnetic materials have been known to mankind for several thousand years and are widely used in various fields of human activity. With the development and practical implementation of microelectronics, and more recently nanoelectronics, it has become possible to develop and manufacture magnetic nanomaterials, dramatically expanding the scope of magnetics in modern technologies. Today, magnetic nanomaterials and nanostructures are key components of advanced information technologies. They are widely used in eMobility, medicine, sensors, robotics, etc., and have significant potential for application in prospective smart wearables and human-machine interfaces. This volume outlines recent research in the field of functional magnetic and spintronic materials. Each of the 10 chapters in the volume is self-contained, allowing the topics to be explored independently of the material in other chapters. The book covers the entire “life cycle” of magnetic/spintronic nanomaterials: from theoretical and numerical studies of their properties (Ch. 1), fabrication and experimental study of film systems (Ch. 2), fabrication of nanostructures (Ch. 3), study of electromagnetic phenomena occurring in such nanostructures (Chs. 4-10), to the use of these nanostructures in new technologies, particularly in spintronic energy harvesting (Ch. 9) and quantum sensing (Ch. 10). Some of the contributions to this volume were presented as lectures and reports at the Advanced Research Workshop “Functional Spintronic Nanomaterials for Radiation Detection and Energy Harvesting” (25–27 September 2023, Kyiv, Ukraine), which was supported by the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme.

The fifth edition of this well-established, highly regarded two-volume set continues to provide a fundamental introduction to advanced particle physics while incorporating substantial new experimental results, especially in the areas of Higgs and top sector physics, as well as CP violation and neutrino oscillations. It offers an accessible and practical introduction to the three gauge theories comprising the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED), quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory.Volume 1 of this updated edition provides a broad introduction to the first of these theories, QED. The book begins with self-contained presentations of relativistic quantum mechanics and electromagnetism as a gauge theory. Lorentz transformations, discrete symmetries, and Majorana fermions are covered. A unique feature is the elementary introduction to quantum field theory, leading in easy stages to covariant perturbation theory and Feynman graphs, thereby establishing a firm foundation for the formal and conceptual framework upon which the subsequent development of the three quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model is based. Detailed tree-level calculations of physical processes in QED are presented, followed by an elementary treatment of one-loop renormalization of a model scalar field theory, and then by the realistic case of QED. The text includes updates on nucleon structure functions and the status of QED, in particular the precision tests provided by the anomalous magnetic moments of the electron and muon.The authors discuss the main conceptual points of the theory, detail many practical calculations of physical quantities from first principles, and compare these quantitative predictions with experimental results, helping readers improve both their calculation skills and physical insight.Each volume should serve as a valuable handbook for students and researchers in advanced particle physics looking for an introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics.

Written by two of the most prominent leaders in particle physics, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Fields provides a classroom-tested introduction to the formal and conceptual foundations of quantum field theory. Designed for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level physics students, the text only requires previous courses in classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics.The introductory chapters of the book summarise the theory of special relativity and its application to the classical description of the motion of a free particle and a field. The authors then explain the quantum formulation of field theory through the simple example of a scalar field described by the Klein–Gordon equation as well as its extension to the case of spin ½ particles described by the Dirac equation. They also present the elements necessary for constructing the foundational theories of the standard model of electroweak interactions, namely quantum electrodynamics and the Fermi theory of neutron beta decay. Many applications to quantum electrodynamics and weak interaction processes are thoroughly analysed. The book also explores the timely topic of neutrino oscillations.Logically progressing from the fundamentals to recent discoveries, this textbook provides students with the essential foundation to study more advanced theoretical physics and elementary particle physics. It will help them understand the theory of electroweak interactions and gauge theories.View the second and third books in this collection: Electroweak Interactions and An Introduction to Gauge Theories.Key Features of the new edition:Besides a general revision of text and formulae, three new chapters have been added.· Chapter 17 introduces and discusses double beta decay processes with and without neutrino emission, the latter being the only process able to determine the Dirac or Majorana nature of the neutrino (discussed in Chapter 13). A discussion of the limits to the Majorana neutrino mass obtained recently in several underground laboratories is included.· Chapter 18 illustrates the calculation of the mass spectrum of “quarkonia” (mesons composed by a pair of heavy, charm or beauty quarks), in analogy with the positronium spectrum discussed in Chapter 12. This calculation has put into evidence the existence of “unexpected” states and has led to the new field of “exotic hadrons”, presently under active theoretical and experimental scrutiny.· Chapter 19 illustrates the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, extensively used in the computation of simple molecules, and its application to the physics of exotic hadrons containing a pair of heavy quarks, with application to the recently observed doubly charmed baryons.This eBook was published Open Access with funding support from the Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3).A PDF version of this book is available for free in Open Access at www.taylorfrancis.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Modern physics is the branch of physics that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, revolutionizing our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe at both the smallest and largest scales. It encompasses quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. This book is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students, introducing them to the mysteries of modern physics. Throughout this book, we minimize the derivation of equations, allowing readers to develop intuitive understandings of these concepts. By shedding light on the unsolved mysteries of modern physics, we aim to reveal how the progress of experimental technology not only solves existing puzzles but also uncovers new ones. Key Features: Accessible introduction to modern physics Equations kept to a minimum Gentle introduction to students to the boundaries of our knowledge Includes experimental methods and applications

Introduction to the Maths and Physics of Quantum Mechanics details the mathematics and physics that are needed to learn the principles of quantum mechanics.It provides an accessible treatment of how to use quantum mechanics and why it is so successful in explaining natural phenomena. This book clarifies various aspects of quantum physics such as ‘why quantum mechanics equations contain “I”, the imaginary number?', ‘Is it possible to make a transition from classical mechanics to quantum physics without using postulates?'and ‘What is the origin of the uncertainty principle?'. A significant proportion of discussion is dedicated to the issue of why the wave function must be complex to properly describe our “real” world.The book also addresses the different formulations of quantum mechanics. A relatively simple introductory treatment is given for the “standard” Heisenberg matrix formulation and Schrodinger wave-function formulation and Feynman path integrals and second quantization are then discussed.This book will appeal to first- and second-year university students in physics, mathematics, engineering and other sciences studying quantum mechanics who will find material and clarifications not easily found in other textbooks. It will also appeal to self-taught readers with a genuine interest in modern physics who are willing to examine the mathematics and physics in a simple but rigorous way.Key Features: Written in an engaging and approachable manner, with fully explained mathematics and physics concepts Suitable as a companion to all introductory quantum mechanics textbooks Accessible to a general audience

This book covers a wide range of problems involving the applications of stochastic processes, stochastic calculus, large deviation theory, group representation theory and quantum statistics to diverse fields in dynamical systems, electromagnetics, statistical signal processing, quantum information theory, quantum neural network theory, quantum filtering theory, quantum electrodynamics, quantum general relativity, string theory, problems in biology and classical and quantum fluid dynamics. The selection of the problems has been based on courses taught by the author to undergraduates and postgraduates in Electronics and Communications Engineering.Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan).

This second edition of ‘An Introduction to the Physics of Nuclei and Particles'is intended as a textbook for a one semester third or fourth year undergraduate course and requires a basic background in quantum mechanics. The text covers the basic properties of nuclei and the models of nuclear structure. It also covers nuclear stability, nuclear decay processes and nuclear reactions. The basic properties of subatomic particles are presented, and the standard model of hadronic structure is covered. The book covers recent developments in both nuclear and particle physics. In the field of nuclear physics, these developments include alpha-clustering models and double beta decay. Recent advances in the development of nuclear fission and fusion reactors are also discussed. In the area of particle physics, the recent discovery of the Higgs boson and advancements in our knowledge of neutrino masses and oscillations are presented. Key Features An introductory level text appropriate for undergraduate students with a previous quantum mechanics course Provides detailed coverage of traditional nuclear properties and models Offers an up-to-date summary of the development of fission and fusion reactors for power generation Covers recent developments in the quark model of hadrons and the Higgs boson Provides a summary of recent results of neutrino properties Solutions manual available to instructors. Contact ebooks@ioppublishing.org.

This book summarizes the state-of-the-art advances in the area of computational modelling of molecule-based magnets. Nowadays, various computational tools based on DFT, ab initio methods and other techniques are gaining attention in molecular nanomagnets and are successfully used to solve several outstanding problems in this area. This contributed volume discusses the theoretical foundation of the modelling of molecular magnets, starting from fitting the experimental magnetic data of very large molecules to the theory of pseudo-spin Hamiltonian approach and spin-phonon relaxations mechanisms, while it also presents examples of contemporary applications of both transition metal and lanthanide molecular magnets. In addition, the transport characteristics of molecules when placed at an interface and how these assemble on surfaces are also reviewed. This book is a great tool for researchers working in the fields of molecular magnetism and computational/theoretical chemistry and will also benefit graduate students specializing in physical-inorganic chemistry and molecular modelling.Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Here is the ideal book to grasp the basic concepts of spin-dependent electron transport and to develop a deep physical understanding of the subject. A careful selection of key notions provides a concise and effective framework. Learning how to use these notions is successfully supported by ten extended exercises with complete solutions. Common terms and specialist jargon are clearly explained, and the way in which subtleties complicate phenomena, without altering their physical basis, is pedagogically addressed. The rigorous and harmonised system of notation and units adopted throughout the book allows the reader to navigate easily between concepts and to gain a broad view of the subject. Based on a series of lectures given to MSc and PhD students, this book will appeal to a wide range of readers, from students at the graduate level to researchers and engineers.

What could the ancient Egyptians tell us about 3D printing? How can we make lithium-ion batteries greener and more sustainable? Which materials will form the heart of future quantum computers?Plastic films, glass optical fibers, silicon crystals, and more — this book is about the history of the materials that have rapidly transformed our society over the last century and their role in the major global challenges of the future. From metal alloys ushering in a new age of industry to advanced materials laying the atomic brickwork of the Digital Revolution, the book examines the societal impact of the modern materials revolution through the twin lenses of stability and sustainability.Why aren't maglev trains mainstream? Whatever happened to graphene and carbon nanotubes? The book also looks at the unmet promises of some of the most exciting — and hyped — technologies in recent decades — superconductivity and nanotechnology. The final chapter reviews our history of materials usage, the increasing demand for many critical raw materials, and addresses the upcoming new challenges for creating a circular economy based on reusing and recycling materials.

The new edition of this remarkable textbook offers the reader a conceptually strong introduction to quantum mechanics, but goes beyond this to present a fascinating tour of modern theoretical physics. Beautifully illustrated and engagingly written, it starts with a brief overview of diverse topics across physics including nanotechnology, materials science, and cosmology. It provides new chapters on astrophysics, quantum information and the photon. Each chapter provides a set of exercises, questions, a problem and solutions. The core of the book covers both established and emerging aspects of quantum mechanics. A concise introduction to traditional quantum mechanics covers the Schrödinger equation, Hilbert space, photon physics, the algebra of observables, hydrogen atom, spin and Pauli principle. Modern features of the field are presented with Bell's inequality by exploring systems of entangled states, that have generated the'second quantum revolution'of systems that communicate instantly at a distance, and the birth of quantum information: cryptography, teleportation and quantum computers.

Supersymmetry (SUSY) introduces superpartners of the Standard Model (SM) particles. If their masses are typically O(100 GeV) ∼ O(TeV), a lightest neutralino can be a candidate for the dark matter, and the problem is solved by canceling the correction of the Higgs boson mass. Further, SUSY can explain the experimental result of the muon magnetic moment (g-2). This book presents a search for electroweakinos—the superpartners of the SM electroweak bosons—such as charginos and neutralinos using data at the LHC collected by the ATLAS detector. Pair-produced electroweakinos decay into the light ones and SM bosons (W/Z/h), and with the large mass difference between the heavy and light electroweakinos, the SM bosons have high momenta. In a fully hadronic final state, quarks decayed from the bosons are collimated, and can consequently be reconstructed as a single large-radius jet.This search has three advantages. The first is a statistical benefit by large branching ratios of the SM bosons. The second is to use characteristic signatures—the mass and substructure—of jets to identify as the SM bosons. The last is a small dependency on the signal model by targeting all the SM bosons. Thanks to them, the sensitivity is significantly improved compared to the previous analyses. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on the heavy electroweakino mass parameter are set as a function of the light electroweakino mass parameter. They are set on wino or higgsino production models with various assumptions, such as the branching ratio of their decaying and the type of lightest SUSY particle. These limits are the most stringent limits. Besides, this book provides the most stringent constraints on SUSY scenarios motivated by the dark matter, the muon g-2 anomaly, and the naturalness.