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This volume contains eighteen papers that have been collected by the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics. It showcases rigorously-reviewed contemporary scholarship on an interesting variety of topics in the history and philosophy of mathematics, as well as the teaching of the history of mathematics. Some of the topics explored includeArabic editions of Euclid's Elements from the thirteenth century and their role in the assimilation of Euclidean geometry into the Islamic intellectual traditionPortuguese sixteenth century recreational mathematics as found in the Tratado de Prática Darysmetica A Cambridge correspondence course in arithmetic for women in England in the late nineteenth centuryThe mathematical interests of the famous Egyptologist Thomas Eric (T. E.) Peet The history of Zentralblatt für Mathematik and Mathematical Reviews and their role in creating a publishing infrastructure for a global mathematical literatureThe use of Latin squares for agricultural crop experiments at the Rothamsted Experimental StationThe many contributions of women to the advancement of computing techniques at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in the 1960sThe volume concludes with two short plays, one set in Ancient Mesopotamia and the other in Ancient Egypt, that are well suited for use in the mathematics classroom.Written by leading scholars in the field, these papers are accessible not only to mathematicians and students of the history and philosophy of mathematics, but also to anyone with a general interest in mathematics.

This book provides a critical perspective on technology, answering the questions of why technologies often disappoint. It takes a sociotechnical and historical perspective on technology, as developed by an engineer–anthropologist and a design anthropologist, to answer questions not only about why modern societies have great expectations of technology, but also of why these technologies often fail to meet expectations. Modern societies often search for technological solutions (“technofixes”) to what are institutional problems, which include border crossings or urban mobility, or improvements in productivity or improved communication. It is disappointing when technofixes, whether border walls or driverless cars or social media, fail to live up to their promises of greater personal autonomy (such as afforded by driverless cars) or improved social harmony through social media. Examining technology from the perspectives of instrumentality (“tools”), identity (“totems”), and world-defining systems (“totalities”) develops a comprehensive perspective that is at once historically informed and cross-culturally accurate. Although instrumentality is obvious and is at the core of any understanding of technology, identity is less so; yet many modern “tribes” create their identity in terms of technological objects and systems, whether transport systems (cars and airplanes) or social media or weapons (guns). Further, modern technologies span the globe, so that they exert imperative coordination over distant populations; the use of cell phones around the world is testimony to this fact. Such a critical perspective on technology can be useful in policy discussions of numerous issues affecting contemporary institutions.

This book examines several epistemological regimes in studies of numerical data over the last four centuries. It distinguishes these regimes and mobilises questions present in the philosophy of science, sociology and historical works throughout the 20th century. Attention is given to the skills of scholars and their methods, their assumptions, and the socio-historical conditions that made calculations and their interpretations possible. In doing so, questions posed as early as Émile Durkheim's and Ernst Cassirer's ones are revisited and the concept of symbolic form is put to the test in this particular survey, conducted over long period of time. Although distinct from a methodological and epistemological point of view, today these regimes may be found together in the toolbox of statisticians and those who comment on their conclusions. As such, the book is addressed to social scientists and historians and all those who are interested in numerical productions.

Questo libro conduce il lettore in un viaggio esplorativo attraverso il Cosmo, dall'antica Mesopotamia ed Egitto fino alla Cina, svelando il fascino dello sviluppo dell'astronomia e della matematica che ha dato vita alla rivoluzione scientifica. Dopo una panoramica sulle origini di questi campi di studio, evidenziando i contributi degli astronomi greci, della cultura araba e del modello eliocentrico di Copernico, il testo si addentra nel lavoro rivoluzionario di Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei e Isaac Newton, offrendo una comprensione approfondita del sistema solare. Gli strumenti utilizzati dagli astronomi, tra cui gli orologi astronomici e le macchine planetarie più significative, sono al centro dell'attenzione, consentendo di comprendere meglio la formazione e la diffusione della concezione del Sistema Solare. Inoltre, l'autore esamina il poco conosciuto progetto di una macchina planetaria di Kepler e ne offre un'interpretazione utilizzando tecniche di realtà virtuale. Il libro mette in luce anche la visione cinese del Cosmo e l'evoluzione della sua astronomia e delle relative macchine, offrendo ai lettori una prospettiva unitaria sulla concezione del cosmo e della tecnologia in Occidente e nell'Estremo Oriente. I dati degli ingranaggi e dei periodi planetari delle macchine esaminate nel testo sono raccolti tra gli annessi web del libo. L'esperienza di lettura è arricchita dalla traduzione della descrizione della macchina planetaria di Christian Huygens e dalla trattazione del progetto e della realizzazione di un Tellurium per comprendere la costruzione e la meccanica delle macchine astronomiche. Inoltre, viene offerta una visione unica sulle influenze religiose sugli studi astronomici del XVIII secolo attraverso la traduzione del libro Cyclus di Johann Albrecht Bengel. Breve materiale video sull'Antikythera, sul Tellurium dell'autore e su quello di Philip M. Hahn completa la documentazione. Questo libro è un must per chiunque sia interessato alla storia della scienza e della tecnologia, appassionando sia gli astronomi, i matematici e i fisici che gli storici della scienza e della tecnologia, fornendo descrizioni affascinanti e analisi illuminanti della visione del Cosmo dalle sue prime concezioni fino ai giorni nostri. Video e documenti disponibili tramite app: scarica gratuitamente l'app SN More Media, scansiona il link con il tasto play e accedi ai video e ai documenti direttamente sul tuo smartphone o tablet.

This book, a tribute to historian of mathematics Jeremy Gray, offers an overview of the history of mathematics and its inseparable connection to philosophy and other disciplines. Many different approaches to the study of the history of mathematics have been developed. Understanding this diversity is central to learning about these fields, but very few books deal with their richness and concrete suggestions for the “what, why and how” of these domains of inquiry. The editors and authors approach the basic question of what the history of mathematics is by means of concrete examples. For the “how” question, basic methodological issues are addressed, from the different perspectives of mathematicians and historians. Containing essays by leading scholars, this book provides a multitude of perspectives on mathematics, its role in culture and development, and connections with other sciences, making it an important resource for students and academics in the history and philosophy of mathematics.