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This book offers a fundamental description of physics using classical probabilities for events occurring at all times and locations throughout the Universe. The laws of quantum mechanics emerge naturally when focusing on a specific moment in time. Each step is explained in detail through simple systems, such as bits, Ising spins, or fermionic occupation numbers, allowing readers to grasp the core concepts of the modern functional integral approach to fundamental physics without requiring prior knowledge. Notably, probabilistic cellular automata are presented as intriguing quantum systems or as representations of fermionic quantum field theories. Embedding quantum mechanics within classical statistics opens up new avenues for computing, particularly through the use of correlation functions. A small neuromorphic computer, for instance, can learn basic quantum operations without the typical requirement for extreme isolation, as is the case with conventional quantum computers. On a philosophical level, the book proposes a fresh perspective on science. The content is aimed at readers with a foundational understanding of physics, suitable for advanced students.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 1st International Conference on Design, Materials and Metaheuristic Algorithms for Engineering (ICDMME-2024)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 1st International Conference on Design, Materials and Metaheuristic Algorithms for Engineering (ICDMME-2024), April 24, 2024, Tirupur, India

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 11th International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry (ICXRI2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 11th International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry (ICXRI2023), August 23-24, 2023, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

​This book is a collection of the technical papers presented in the 24th International Shock Interaction Symposium. The main topics include•Shock wave diffraction•Shock wave reflections and refraction on interfaces•Shock wave-boundary layer interaction•Shock wave-shear layer interaction•Shock wave-vortex interaction•Shock wave-bubble interaction•Shock wave-contact surface interaction•Shock wave diffraction over bodies or obstacles•Shock waves in rarefied flows•Shock waves in MHD flows•Dynamics of the explosion, blast waves, and detonations•Shock wave propagation in condensed and heterogeneous materials•Shock waves in high-enthalpy facilities•High-speed flow diagnostics

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This unique, first of its kind, book offers an integrated treatment of the atomistic-continuum behaviours of single and interacting microdefects under elasto-static loading. These microdefects may take the form of nanocracks, microcracks, microvoids, inclusions, and inhomogeneities. Professor Meguid elucidates the subject matter using novel treatment that offers a fresh look at molecular and continuum mechanics, imperfections in solids, the Griffith crack, modes of failure and diagnostics at varied length scales, LEFM and multiscale modeling of interacting microdefects. Providing a range of perspectives from theory and applications, this book is ideal for college seniors, graduate students, practicing and research engineers interested in failure analysis, diagnostics and prevention.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This book explains and describes re-entry systems for both the Earth and other planets. It provides sufficient information for readers to perform entry mission analysis for different bodies in the Solar System. Not only does it discuss re-entry flight mechanics, but also addresses relevant subsystems and fields, enabling readers to put the information into perspective. The book begins with a complete description of planetary environments, including atmosphere, gravity fields and the shape of the primary body. After a detailed discussion of planar flight mechanics, it then moves on to discuss guidance, navigation, and control, entry, descent, and landing systems, as well as thermal protection systems. It uses examples throughout the text, enabling the theory to be linked to practical applications. Ideal for those wanting an updated, thorough discussion of re-entry systems, this book is suitable for students and researchers.

Selected peer-reviewed extended articles based on abstracts presented at the 1st International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation (CONICIETI 2024)Aggregated Book

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This comprehensive textbook covers engineering thermodynamics from beginner to advanced level. The presentation is concise, with material for about three full-term university courses on 700 pages, without compromising breadth or depth. First and second law of thermodynamics are developed from everyday observations with accessible and rational arguments. The laws of thermodynamics are applied to a multitude of systems and processes, from simple equilibration processes, over steam and gas power cycles, refrigerators and heat pumps, to chemical systems including fuel cells. Entropy and the second law are emphasized throughout, with focus on irreversible processes and work loss. Insightful development of theory is accompanied by detailed solutions of example problems, which teach the required technical skills while giving insight into the multitude of thermodynamic processes and applications. About 550 end-of-chapter problems highlight all important concepts and processes.

The presented volume of the'Journal of Nano Research'includes peer-reviewed articles reflecting the latest research results in the synthesis and properties analysis of nanomaterials and nanoparticles for various engineering applications - starting from synthesis of bionanolubricants, sensor thin films for detection of azo dye, silicon nanowires for photocatalytic applications, perovskite nanorods, proton exchange membranes for fuel cells, and ending with investigation of thermal buckling behaviour of functionally graded nanobeam and application of gold and silver nanoparticles in laser cleaning of archaeology glass. The presented articles collection will be helpful to specialists from many branches of engineering whose activity is related to nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.

Selected peer-reviewed extended articles based on abstracts presented at the 7th International Conference on Materials Sciences and Nanomaterials (ICMSN 2023) and 6th International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials (ICACM 2023)Aggregated Book

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Die Ursprünge von aerodynamischen Lasten an den Rotorblättern einer Anlage sind vielfältig und komplex und können zu Betriebsschwierigkeiten und Beschädigungen von Komponenten einer Anlage führen. Ein hierbei herausstechender Effekt ist der dynamische Strömungsabriss am Rotorblatt, welcher durch unbeständige Einströmbedingungen an eben diesen erzeugt wird. Durch einen Strömungsabriss dieser Art kommt es zu variierenden Kräften am Rotorblatt, welche die zu erwartenden Lasten deutlich übersteigen. Es ist also von großem Interesse, die Vorgänge an einem Flügelprofil bei auftretendem dynamischen Strömungsabriss zu verstehen. In diesem Buch wird gezeigt, wie ein 2D aktives Gitter optimiert wird, um dieses 2D aktive Gitter in einem Versuchsaufbau für dynamische Strömungsabrissexperiemente zu werden. Darauf aufbauend wurden Aerodynamikexperimente an einem NACA0006 Flügelprofil mit Kraft- und Particle Image Velocimetry Messungen durchgeführt, welche den Zusammenhang zwischen der Aerodynamik am Flügelprofil und den am Flügelprofil wirkenden Kräften aufzeigen.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Numerical calculations (what many call computational physics) is a core tool in modern physics. With numerical methods it's possible to solve problems that would otherwise be impossible. Most physics students and educators have at least some exposure to the wave equation. It shows up in many different contexts—light, quantum mechanics, and even a simple wave on a string. However, it can be difficult to come up with non-trivial solutions to the wave equation. This text goes through the techniques to create a numerical model of the wave equation starting from the very basics and using free and open source tools such as Python and Web VPython.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

The presented journal's volume comprises articles on the latest research results of biomaterials for biomedical and pharmacological applications, bone replacement, analysis of motion control strategy during the unanticipated landing of patients with chronic ankle instability and numerical investigation of the bio-convective flow of micropolar nanofluids over an inclined permeable stretching surface with radiative activation. These articles will be helpful to many researchers and engineers whose activity is related to biomedical engineering and biomaterials.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2nd International Conference on the Future Sustainable Energy (ICFSE 2024)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 2nd International Conference on the Future Sustainable Energy (ICFSE 2024), February 20-22, 2024, Babylon, Iraq

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Selected peer-reviewed extended articles based on abstracts presented at the 5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications (ICoSTA 2023)Aggregated Book

This textbook presents a basic undergraduate course in physics covering all essential aspects of mechanics, mechanical properties of matter, thermal properties of matter, elementary thermodynamics, electrodynamics, electricity, magnetism, light, optics and sound. It includes simple mathematical approaches to each physical principle, with carefully selected examples and exercises supporting each chapter.This second edition of a widely popular textbook – boasting close to 6 million downloads – adds many new exercises and solutions, a new summary for each chapter, boxed features separating the examples from the text, and highlights fundamental physical outcomes and rules. The appendices provide a quick and helpful point of reference for all fundamental conversion factors and basic formulas, as well as rules for differentiation and integration, helping students to understand the elementary mathematical steps used for solving the examples and exercises. Visually impressive and full of real-word examples with step-by-step solutions, this textbook is an indispensable tool for both instructors and students seeking direct access to a broad spectrum of physics.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This new edition offers expanded coverage of fractional calculus, including Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals, Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives, Riesz fractional operators, and Mittag-Leffler and Wright functions. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive examination of fractional heat conduction and related theories of thermoelasticity. Readers will gain insights into the concepts of time and space nonlocality and their impact on the generalizations of Fourier's law in thermoelasticity. This edition presents a detailed formulation of the problem of heat conduction in different domains and the associated thermal stresses, covering topics such as the fundamental solution to the Dirichlet problem, constant boundary conditions for temperature, and the fundamental solution to the physical Neumann problem. New insights into time-harmonic heat impact on the boundary have also been added. Cracks in the framework of fractional thermoelasticity are also considered.

This work provides comprehensive, practice-oriented coverage of ballistics. It explains the principles and calculation methods for the main four areas of ballistics, regardless of calibre, drawing on numerous facts, observations and examples from the author's decades of experience. Interior ballistics: The characteristics of explosive materials (detonating agents and propellants), methods for calculating gas pressure and the velocity of projectiles and rockets during the acceleration phase, alternative systems for accelerating projectiles and the acceleration of fragments. Intermediate ballistics: The dynamics of the moment at which the projectile leaves the muzzle and propellant gas is ejected from the barrel, effects on the person or structure supporting the weapon and approaches to resolving questions regarding shots from close range in criminology and forensic medicine. Exterior ballistics: The forces acting on a projectile and methods for calculating them, models for calculating trajectories (including the ballistic coefficient), gyroscopic projectile stabilization theory and aerodynamic optimization of projectiles. Terminal ballistics: Empirically-derived facts and data. The principles of ballistic protection design, ballistic testing problems and possible solutions and a comprehensive discussion of ricochets – a matter of considerable importance in forensics. This book is intended for ballisticians, military personnel, police officers, criminologists, shooting range specialists, sport shooters, hunters and anyone else with an interest in ballistics.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This book discusses several issues relevant to materials design and applications. The focus is on fundamental research and application areas in the field of the design and application of engineering materials, predominantly within the context of mechanical engineering applications. This includes a wide range of materials engineering and technology, including metals, e.g., lightweight metallic materials, polymers, composites, and ceramics. Advanced applications include manufacturing of new materials, testing methods, multi-scale experimental and computational aspects. The book publishes selected papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Materials Design and Applications 2024 (MDA 2024), held during July 4–5, 2024.

Selected peer-reviewed extended articles based on abstracts presented at the 15th International Conference on Sustainable Green Construction and Nano-Technology (NTC 2024)Aggregated Book

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This book presents material for a one semester course on Transport Phenomena for senior undergraduate and graduate students in engineering and applied sciences. The study of Transport Phenomena provides the common ground and explores the connections between Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat and Mass Transfer, thus giving a sound foundation for all transport equations in the broader area of Thermofluids. The chosen approach highlights the importance of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, particularly the second law of thermodynamics, for the development of stable transport equations—global and local balance laws for mass, momentum, energy and entropy— for thermofluidic systems. The study of transport processes through solutions of the equations considers mostly simple materials in simple geometries to allow for analytical solutions. This accessible approach emphasizes the general understanding of Transport Phenomena, visualizes the interplay between the different branches of Thermofluids, and thus enhances the understanding of each field, as well as their interconnections. The material covers classical subjects such as Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations, wave propagation and diffusion, shocks and flames, and includes discussions of nonequilibrium interfaces and extended thermodynamics. Irreversible losses due to entropy generation are highlighted throughout, emphasizing the link to thermodynamics and energy systems. About 140 end-of-chapter problems of varied length and difficulty teach the required technical skills while giving further insight into the multitude of Transport Phenomena.

This book discusses topics related to Newtonian mechanics and is ideal for a one semester course. Introductory topics are first presented including: time, space, and matter; different coordinate systems; vectors; and unit vectors;. The author presents tools such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration to describe projectile motion and uniform circular motion. Newton's laws of motion and concepts of force and mass are discussed followed by kinetic energy, potential energy, and both conservative and non-conservative forces. This class-tested book also introduces angular displacement, angular speed, and angular acceleration as well as the use of these to describe the motion of particles with constant angular acceleration. Concepts of torque, angular momentum, and rotational inertia are presented to explain the motion of physical pendulum. Motion under central force is also covered and Kepler's laws are derived.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This textbook presents the classical topics of conduction heat transfer and extends the coverage to include chapters on perturbation methods, heat transfer in living tissue, numerical solutions using MATLAB®, and microscale conduction. This makes the book unique among the many published textbooks on conduction heat transfer. Other noteworthy features of the book are: The material is organized to provide students with the tools to model, analyze, and solve a wide range of engineering applications involving conduction heat transfer.Mathematical techniques and numerical solvers are explained in a clear and simplified fashion to be used as instruments in obtaining solutions.The simplicity of one-dimensional conduction is used to drill students in the role of boundary conditions and to explore a variety of physical conditions that are of practical interest.Examples are carefully selected to illustrate the application of principles andconstruction of solutions.Students are trained to follow a systematic problem-solving methodology with emphasis on thought process, logic, reasoning, and verification. Solutions to all examples and end-of-chapter problems follow an orderly problem-solving approach.An extensive solution manual for verifiable course instructors can be provided on request. Please send your request to heattextbook@gmail.com