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The increasing demand for innovative techniques arises from the lack of safe, effective, and patient-friendly therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. With this objective in mind, the chapters of the book are structured to offer a thorough insight into recent advancements in utilizing the zebrafish (ZF) as a model for studying Parkinson's disease (PD). This book aims to present readers with a comprehensive understanding of the clinical application of the ZF model in treating PD, encompassing the latest developments, challenges, safety considerations, toxicity issues, regulatory aspects, future potential, and limitations. Individuals in academia, the scientific community, business, and education seeking a more effective approach to target the brain stand to benefit from this resource.Key Features Provides a comparative perspective of the zebrafish–Parkinson's disease model Highlights the restrictions of available medicines Describes biochemical and histopathological characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of this model Emphasizes distinct facets of histopathology Presents advances and developments of the future potential perspectives

Pupillometry, the study of the eyes'pupils, has a rich history, dating back to the 1800s. For example, to appear “dark with desire,” women once used atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) as a cosmetic, because the atropine dilated their pupils, making them appear more romantically aroused. We now know that this relationship is largely driven by the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; specifically, a small brainstem nucleus known as the locus coeruleus (LC). Because of tight connections between the musculature of the eyes and LC, monitoring the pupils can reveal important insights into brain activity during mental processes. Many of these processes are related to attention and arousal (cognitive or emotional), with the LC controlling mental readiness via secretion of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. While these complicated neurochemical processes happen in the brain, they are often overtly observable via pupil dilation. Although pupillometry was popular in the 1960s and 1970s, it fell out of favor until experiencing a renaissance approximately 10 years ago. With the advent of new eye-tracking and neural recording technology, measuring (and analyzing) pupil size is now easier than ever. Because all modern eye-trackers use pupil size in the calculation of gaze location, they also provide researchers with moment-by-moment pupil size measures in output files. Although previously considered “extra” data to support gaze location analyses, researchers have begun to conduct eye-tracking studies solely to gain access to pupil size data. These data have been used to study thought processes in many domains, including cognitive science, psychopathologies, business/marketing, security contexts, and the study of addiction. The diversity of interest in pupillometry is matched by the diversity in approaches taken to data collection, analysis, and interpretation. To date, there exists no book or tutorial review devoted specifically to ensuring that researchers carry out rigorous and reproducible work across these varied domains. Modern Pupillometry: Cognition, Neuroscience, and Practical Applications fills this gap by exploring the history, neuroscience, and methodological considerations of pupillometry research within and beyond psychology.

This book provides a comprehensive overview and critical evaluation of the emerging and exciting topic of interoception – the perception of the body's internal state. Interest in the topic has been driven by the observation that interoception appears to affect fundamental psychological processes and numerous physical and mental health conditions. In this book, the major authorities in the field present a discussion of the history of interoception, the neural basis of interoception, and the measurement and models of interoception conceptualization. This is followed by a consideration of the many domains that interoception appears to impact (including social and cognitive abilities and mental and physical health conditions) and differences across demographic groups. Interoception: A Comprehensive Guide also explores real world applications, including training for interoception, the modulation of interoception and the impact of such interventions, and future research directions.

Neuropathic Pain, Volume 179 of the latest release in the International Review of Neurobiology serial,, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in International Review on Neurobiology serials - Updated release includes the latest information on Neuropathic Pain

Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set builds on the success of the first edition, providing neuroscience researchers with the ideal'one-stop'resource on all topics related to human brain understanding. Given the length of time since the first edition published, EHB2 is thoroughly revised, with substantial updates on many new and exciting topics, including areas such as human neuroimaging, non-invasive brain stimulation, molecular biology (including genetics and epigenetics), and the clinical diagnoses of brain disorders, along with chapters exploring the introduction of new theoretical and methodological ideas in areas ranging from cognitive neuroscience to evolution of the human brain. In total, there are 440 articles – a vast increase from 224 previously - thus reflecting the huge explosion in neuroscience research during the last 20 years. EHB2 provides a brand new generation of neuroscientists with the perfect tool with which to learn and master the fundamentals of how and why the human brain operates as it does. - Provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for exploring the human brain - Includes timely, key topics, providing an excellent overview of the field in a thematically structured one-stop shop location - Moves from an alphabetical structure to a systems/topic approach that is more fruitful for specialized readers and allows easier serendipity to less expert readers

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), known as prion diseases, have been recognized for nearly 300 years in animals and almost 100 years in humans. Modern studies, including the protein-misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), have greatly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of prion diseases and facilitated the identification of new prion diseases in animals and humans. In the second edition of Prions and Diseases, more than 60 leading researchers and clinicians worldwide provide an up-to-date discussion of these unique infectious pathogens and their associated diseases. The book provides up-to-date knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, histopathological, and clinical aspects of the full range of animal and human prion diseases. As a result, the book contains by far the most authoritative views about the past, present, and future of prions and prion diseases. The new second edition covers such important emerging topics such as inherited human prion disease, stem-cell models in prion research, human prion disease surveillance, and gene therapy strategies.

Encyclopedia of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is the most comprehensive work on sleep and circadian rhythms. This completely revised new edition, comprised of contributions from 450 renowned authorities in the field, covers what is new and known in the field. In addition to thorough coverage of the basics (physiology, sleep disorders etc.), this new edition includes a thorough examination of circadian rhythms that manage the sleep-wake cycle. Although this area is highly intertwined with sleep, it is a scientific discipline in and of itself, and will broaden the appeal of this work to health care providers and scientists. Other sections of interest explore consumer wearable devices to track sleep and circadian rhythms, artificial intelligence algorithms to detect sleep and abnormal sleep-related conditions, and new technology to treat sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. This book will be an ideal and primary reference resource for students, trainees, technologists, basic/clinical scientists, physicians, advanced practice providers, psychologists, nurses, and other medical and research personnel who want to explore any topic within the sleep and circadian rhythm field. - Provides the largest, most comprehensive publication in the field of sleep and circadian rhythms for non-specialists and readers from undergraduate level upwards, as well as advanced health care providers - Covers the latest, most up-to-date knowledge regarding sleep and circadian rhythms and contains material that reflects the newest technology in the field - Presents a new edition of the winner of the 2013 Prose Award for Multivolume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers - Includes rich illustrations that can be used as teaching aids, along with multimedia

This book provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive source of information on all aspects of EEG-fMRI, a neuroimaging technique for synchronous acquisition of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The reader will find in-depth information on the physiological principles of the EEG and fMRI signals, practical aspects of data measurement, artifact reduction, data analysis, and applications. All the main areas of the technique's application are the subject of one or multiple chapters: sleep research, cognitive neuroscience, and clinical neurology and psychiatry. In addition to providing a thorough update, this second edition offers five entirely new chapters covering important areas of research that have emerged during the past 5 years, including noninvasive brain stimulation during fMRI, resting-state functional connectivity, real-time fMRI, and neurofeedback. Written by the most prestigious experts in the field, the text is enhanced by numerous high-quality illustrations. This book will be valuable for neuroradiologists, neuroscientists, physicists, engineers, electrophysiologists, (neuro) medical scientists, neurologists, and neurophysiologists.Chapter 30 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This textbook provides a comprehensive and didactic introduction from the basics to the current state of the art in the field of EEG/MEG source reconstruction. Reconstructing the generators or sources of electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic (EEG/MEG) signals is an important problem in basic neuroscience as well as clinical research and practice. Over the past few decades, an entire theory, together with a whole collection of algorithms and techniques, has developed. In this textbook, the authors provide a unified perspective on a broad range of EEG/MEG source reconstruction methods, with particular emphasis on their respective assumptions about sources, data, head tissues, and sensor properties. An introductory chapter highlights the concept of brain imaging and the particular importance of the neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of neural information processing and brain signal generation and an introduction to the practice of data acquisition. Next, the relevant mathematical models for the sources of EEG and MEG are discussed in detail, followed by the neuroelectromagnetic forward problem, that is, the prediction of EEG or MEG signals from those source models, using biophysical descriptions of the head tissues and the sensors. The main part of this textbook is dedicated to the source reconstruction methods. The authors present a theoretical framework of the neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem, centered on Bayes'theorem, which then serves as the basis for a detailed description of a large variety of techniques, including dipole fit methods, distributed source reconstruction, spatial filters, and dynamic source reconstruction methods. The final two chapters address the important topic of assessment, including verification and validation of source reconstruction methods, and their actual application to real-world scientific and clinical questions.This book is intended as basic reading foranybody who is engaged with EEG/MEG source reconstruction, be it as a method developer or as a user, including advanced undergraduate students, PhD students, and postdocs in neuroscience, biomedical engineering, and related fields.

How the way we perceive our bodies plays a critical role in the way we perceive ourselves: stories of phantom limbs, rubber hands, anorexia, and other phenomena.The body is central to our sense of identity. It can be a canvas for self-expression, decorated with clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, tattoos, and piercings. But the body is more than that. Bodily awareness, says scientist-writer Moheb Costandi, is key to self-consciousness. In Body Am I, Costandi examines how the brain perceives the body, how that perception translates into our conscious experience of the body, and how that experience contributes to our sense of self. Along the way, he explores what can happen when the mechanisms of bodily awareness are disturbed, leading to such phenomena as phantom limbs, alien hands, and amputee fetishes. Costandi explains that the brain generates maps and models of the body that guide how we perceive and use it, and that these maps and models are repeatedly modified and reconstructed. Drawing on recent bodily awareness research, the new science of self-consciousness, and historical milestones in neurology, he describes a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders that result when body and brain are out of sync, including not only the well-known phantom limb syndrome but also phantom breast and phantom penis syndromes; body integrity identity disorder, which compels a person to disown and then amputate a healthy arm or leg; and such eating disorders as anorexia. Wide-ranging and meticulously researched, Body Am I (the title comes from Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra) offers new insight into self-consciousness by describing it in terms of bodily awareness.

Does neuroscience have anything to say about religious belief or the existence of God? Some have tried to answer this question, but, in doing so, most have strayed from the scientific method. In The Phantom God, computational biologist and neuroscientist John C. Wathey, Ph.D., tackles this problem head-on, exploring religious feelings not as the direct perception by the brain of some supernatural realm, nor as the pathological misfiring of neurons, but as a natural consequence of how our brains are wired.Unlike other neurobiological studies of religion and spirituality, The Phantom God treats mysticism not as something uniquely human and possibly supernatural in origin, but as a completely natural phenomenon that has behavioral and evolutionary roots that can be traced far back into our vertebrate ancestry. Grounded in evolutionary and behavioral biology, this highly original and compelling book takes the reader on a journey through the neural circuitry of crying, innate knowledge, reinforcement learning, emotional bonding, embodiment, interpersonal perception, and the ineffable feeling of certainty that characterizes faith.Wathey argues that the feeling of God's presence is spawned by innate neural circuitry, similar to the mechanism that compels an infant to cry out for its mother. In an adult, this circuitry can be activated under conditions that mimic the extreme desperation and helplessness of infancy, generating the compelling illusion of the presence of a loving, powerful, and all-knowing savior. When seen from this perspective, the illusion also appears remarkably like one that has long been familiar to neurologists: the phantom limb of the amputee, spawned by the expectation of the patient's brain that the missing limb should still be there. Including a primer on the basic concepts and terminology of neuroscience, The Phantom God details the neural mechanisms behind the illusions and emotions of spiritual experience.,

Spinal Cord Injury Pain presents the basis for preclinical and clinical investigations, along with strategies for new approaches in the treatment of central neuropathic pain. Contributors from the private sector and academia provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art research in this challenging space. Topics include Epidemiology of Chronic Pain Following SCI, experimental models and mechanisms of chronic pain in SCI, and new targets and technologies. This book serves as a resource for continued translational research that will result in novel approaches and treatments that improve function and quality of life for individuals with CNP/SCI. Despite a better understanding of the complexity of mechanisms of CNP/SCI, improved medical and surgical management of SCI, and the subsequent acceleration of the identification of new targets and the development of novel analgesics, there is still a great unmet clinical need in the area of CNP following SCI. Hence, this book is a welcomed addition to current research and developments. - Provides a comprehensive resource for novel approaches and treatments that improve function and quality of life for individuals with CNP/SCI - Includes contributors from the private sector and academia - Covers epidemiology of chronic pain following SCI, experimental models, mechanisms of chronic pain in SCI, and new targets and technologies

Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet is a comprehensive reference on the genetic and behavioral features associated with proper and abnormal development. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the physiological, behavioral, molecular, and cellular features of neurodevelopment. In addition, the book examines in vitro and in vivo modeling of development with stem cells and model systems. - Provides the most comprehensive coverage of a broad range of topics relating to the neuroscience of development - Features sections on the genetics of developmental conditions and accompanying behavior - Contains an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding in each chapter - Focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders and environmental factors that influence neural development - Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables

Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders: Neurophysiological Foundations focuses on the neurophysiological basis of biases in attention, interpretation, expectancy and memory. Each chapter includes a review of each specific bias, including both positive and negative information in both healthy individuals and psychiatric populations. This book provides readers with major theories, methods used in investigating biases, brain regions associated with the related bias, and autonomic responses to specific biases. Its end goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the neural, autonomic and cognitive mechanisms related to processing biases. - Outlines neurophysiological research on diverse types of information processing bias, including attention bias, expectancy bias, interpretation bias, and memory bias - Discusses both normal and pathological forms of each cognitive biases - Provides specific examples on how to translate research on cognitive biases to clinical applications

Update on Emerging Treatments for Migraine, Volume 255, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series - Updated release includes the latest information on Update on Emerging Treatments for Migraine

For courses in Physiological Psychology or Biopsychology A streamlined overview of behavioral neuroscience Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience offers a concise introduction to behavioral neuroscience with a good balance of human and animal studies. Authors Neil Carlson and Melissa Birkett help students grasp the key concepts of the discipline, apply theory and research findings to daily life, and better understand their own behaviour. Along with the fresh perspectives brought by new co-author Melissa Birkett, the 10th Edition incorporates the latest studies in this rapidly changing field as well as a new dedicated chapter on movement, added in response to faculty feedback.

Mental Neuroimplants provides a new take on personality development through brain research - a book for the general reader and practitioner alike. It shows how mental health is influenced by basic neuroscientific rules, and how these can be stabilised and strengthened using a new approach: Mental Neuroimplants. Individual positive emotional worlds can directly impact the brain and - in turn - the psychological health of the person in question. This study shows how this can directly improve quality of life. The authors emphasise that the individual's lifestyle can lead to long-term physical and environmentally induced changes - which can even be effective across generations. The central message of this book is to raise awareness; how using psychological neuroimplants can have a positive impact on numerous areas of life including emotion, health and material prosperity.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. This handbook covers the rich and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field. The underlying motivation for this book was to make this diverse and extensive collection of chapters available to both newcomers and experienced researchers with the hope of stimulating growth in the MEG area. The book is a comprehensive knowledge base of MEG basics along with the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward masters and doctoral students, as well as researchers already in the field. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology, along with an overview of major open-source analysis tools.The 2nd edition, which is now presented as a Springer Reference, has 9 sections compared to 5 in the first edition and includes a total of 61 chapters. It provides more in-depth tutorials on MEG as an enabling tool in neuroscienceand on linear source estimation and spatial filtering approaches. A set of 11 new chapters and 20 updated chapters cover, among others, new topics such as simultaneous MEG and intracerebral EEG recordings, MEG studies on time processing and temporal cognition, open source MNE software, presurgical localization of language, emerging zero helium boil-off MEG technologies and provides updates on novel multi-modal fusion and related modeling approaches, open source analysis packages, neural decoding and MEG Brain Computer Interface, organizational cognitive neuroscience as well as developmental studies and clinical applications. In the last two years significant advances have been made in the field of novel sensor development, particularly for optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) which are leading the way to a new generation of wearable MEG systems. Included in this new edition is a new chapter covering the topic of “on-scalp” MEG and an updated chapter on OPMs.The book was edited by a board of internationally renowned scientists serving as Section Editors:Part I: MEG Tutorials: Seppo Ahlfors Part II: Source Analysis and Multi-modal Integration: Selma Supek and Cheryl J. AinePart III: Open Source Analysis Packages: Alexandre GramfortPart IV: Functional Connectivity and Oscillatory Activity: Matthew BrooksPart V: Neurodevelopment Across Lifespan: Julia M. StephenPart VI: Sensory and Cognitive Studies: Catherine Tallon-BaudryPart VII: Clinical Application and Translational Studies: Nobukazu NakasatoPart VIII: Novel Brain Research Topics: Lauri Parkkonen Part IX: Emerging Technologies: Risto Ilmoniemi

Handbook of Sleep Research, Volume 30, provides a comprehensive review of the current status of the neuroscience of sleep research. It begins with an overview of the neural, hormonal and genetic mechanisms of sleep and wake regulation before outlining the various proposed functions of sleep and the role it plays in plasticity, and in learning and memory. Finally, the book discusses disorders of sleep and waking, covering both lifestyle factors that cause disrupted sleep and psychiatric and neurological conditions that contribute to disorders. - Emphasizes a comparative and multidisciplinary approach to the topic of sleep - Covers the neurobiology and physiology of sleep stages, mechanisms of waking, and dreaming - Discusses in detail the proposed functions of sleep, from health and rest, to memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity - Examines the current state of research in mammalian and non-mammalian species, ranging from primates to invertebrates

This book, in two volumes, focuses on contemporary issues and dilemmas in relation to depression. The aim is to equip readers with an up-to-date understanding of the clinical and neurobiological underpinnings of depression and their relation to clinical manifestations and the development of more effective treatments. This first volume is devoted specifically to biomedical and neurobiological issues. Detailed information is presented on a wide range of topics, including genetics, molecular and cellular biology, and aspects at the neural circuit and multicellular system levels. Readers will gain a deeper appreciation of the factors and interactions underlying individual variation in responsiveness to stress and vulnerability to depression, as well as a clear understanding of potential treatment targets and causes of treatment resistance based on the latest research. A concluding section considers progress towards precision psychiatry and gender and cultural differences in depression.The companion volume is dedicated to clinical and management issues in depression. Understanding Depression will be an excellent source of information for both researchers and practitioners in the field.

Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse in Everyday Lifestyles is a complete guide to the manifold effects of addictive substances on the brain, providing readers with the latest developing research on how these substances are implicated in neurological development and dysfunction. Cannabis, cocaine, and other illicit drugs can have substantial negative effects on the structure and functioning of the brain. However, other common habituating and addictive substances often used as part of an individual's lifestyle, i.e., alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, painkillers can also compromise brain health and effect or accentuate neurological disease. This book provides broad coverage of the effects of addictive substances on the brain, beginning with an overview of how the substances lead to dysfunction before examining each substance in depth. It discusses the pathology of addiction, the structural damage resulting from abuse of various substances, and covers the neurobiological, neurodegenerative, behavioral, and cognitive implications of use across the lifespan, from prenatal exposure, to adolescence and old age. This book aids researchers seeking an understanding of the neurological changes that these substances induce, and is also extremely useful for those seeking potential treatments and therapies for individuals suffering from chronic abuse of these substances. - Integrates current research on the actions of addictive substances in neurological disease - Includes functional foods, such as caffeine beverages, that have habituating effects on the brain - Provides a synopsis of key ideas associated with the consequences of addictive and habituating lifestyle substances

This book covers recent advances in the understanding of brain structure, function and disorders based on the fundamental principles of physics. It covers a broad range of physical phenomena occurring in the brain circuits for perception, cognition, emotion and action, representing the building blocks of the mind. It provides novel insights into the devastating brain disorders of the mind such as schizophrenia, dementia, autism, aging or addictions, as well as into the new devices for brain repair. The book is aimed at basic researchers in the fields of neuroscience, physics, biophysics and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, psychology, psychiatry.

This book explores new points of view of human memory in the link among mind, brain, and society. Research of human memory traditionally has been in the field of experimental psychology, and a number of psychological researchers have come upon important findings regarding human memory. They have provided critical theories to explain human memory processes, but this approach is hitting a brick wall. The experimental psychological approach or laboratory-based approach to human memory functions is examined in a very controlled environment, but the evidence obtained from this approach may not necessarily reflect real-life events in our mind. In addition, findings from experimental psychology have often ignored the link with biological structures, or the brain. One solution is a cognitive neuroscience approach, in which functional neuroimaging techniques have enabled us to view how memory processes are represented in the brain. In addition, the new approach extends the traditional concept of human memory into a wider framework by reconsidering memory functions in a social context. These advanced approaches help us to understand how “social memory” is represented in the human brain and is processed in real-life situations. The work reported in this volume is at the forefront of cognitive neuroscience in the research of human memory in a social context and the potential application of memory research. This book will help to motivate young scientists and graduate and undergraduate students in psychology and neuroscience.

CT afferents are receptors in mammalian hairy skin that fire action potentials when the skin is touched lightly which makes them particularly important in affective touch. Traditionally neuroscientific research has focused on more discriminative and haptic properties of touch that are mediated by large myelinated afferents and the coding properties and functional organization of unmyelinated CT afferents have been studied much less. The proposed volume will draw together existing knowledge in this nascent field. Separate sections will address (1) how we can measure affective touch, (2) CT structure and physiology, (3) CT processing, (4) the contribution of CTs to sexual behavior, (5) clinical relevance, (6) commercial relevance, and (7) future research considerations.​

This proceedings contains articles submitted to the fifth International Conference on Cognitive Neurodynamics (ICCN2015). In ICCN2015, twelve invited plenary lectures were presented by the leading scientists in their respective research fields. More than 15 mini-symposiums are organized by specialists with topics covering: motor control and learning, dynamic coding in distributed neural circuits, dynamics of firing patterns and synchronization in neuronal systems, information and signal processing techniques in neurotechnology, neural oscillations and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, new perspective on model-based vs. model-free brain process, neural mechanisms of internal switching, neuroinformation computation, neural model and dynamics, imaging human cognitive networks, neuroinformatics, neuroergonomics & neuroengineering, dynamic brain for communication, visual information processing and functional imaging and neural mechanisms of language processing. All articles arepeer-reviewed. The ICCN is a series conference held every two years since 2007.

Motivation: Theory, Neurobiology and Applications is inspired by a question central to health care professionals, teachers, parents, and coaches alike,'How can an individual be motivated to perform a given activity or training?'It presents novel measurements of motivation developed in psychology and economics, recent insights into the neurobiology of motivation, and current research on applications designed to boost motivation in neurorehabilitation, education, and sports. In addition, tactics on how to connect these different research and knowledge fields within a common (theoretical) framework of motivation is discussed. Thus, in short, the book provides an integrative, interdisciplinary, up-to-date accounting on the neurobiology of motivation and how it might be boosted. - Provides an integration of the neurosciences, their clinical challenges, and applicable research - Includes both an interdisciplinary and integrative nature - Contains a broad array of subject matter that will be of interest to a large target audience - Presents contributions from experts in their respective fields

Hormones, Brain and Behavior, Third Edition offers a state-of-the-art overview of hormonally-mediated behaviors, including an extensive discussion of the effects of hormones on insects, fish, amphibians, birds, rodents, and humans. Entries have been carefully designed to provide a valuable source of information for students and researchers in neuroendocrinology and those working in related areas, such as biology, psychology, psychiatry, and neurology. This third edition has been substantially restructured to include both foundational information and recent developments in the field. Continuing the emphasis on interdisciplinary research and practical applications, the book includes articles aligned in five main subject sections, with new chapters included on genetic and genomic techniques and clinical investigations. This reference provides unique treatment of all major vertebrate and invertebrate model systems with excellent opportunities for relating behavior to molecular genetics. The topics cover an unusual breadth (from molecules to ecophysiology), ranging from basic science to clinical research, making this reference of interest to a broad range of scientists in a variety of fields. - Comprehensive and updated coverage of a rapidly growing field of research - Unique treatment of all major vertebrate and invertebrate model systems with excellent opportunities for relating behavior to molecular genetics - Covers an unusual breadth of topics and subject fields, ranging from molecules to ecophysiology, and from basic science to clinical research - Ideal resource for interdisciplinary learning and understanding in the fields of hormones and behavior

This book provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of both primary headaches – migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache – and the very important and frequent type of secondary headache, medication overuse headache (MOH). After an introductory chapter describing relevant neuroanatomy and vascular anatomy, the evidence gained from animal models regarding the pathophysiology of migraine and the other primary headaches is reviewed. Knowledge of the genetic component in the different types of headache is then examined with reference to recent evidence, for example regarding the implication of the trigeminovascular system and cortical spreading depression in migraine. Detailed information is provided on insights into primary headaches from imaging studies, including functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography and on their neurophysiology and biochemistry. A further series of important chapters describe present knowledge of the pathophysiology of each specific type of headache and consider future directions. Written by acknowledged experts in their fields from Europe and the United States, clinicians and students will find Pathophysiology of Headaches to be an excellent source of up-to-date information on why patients experience headaches. In addition, it will be of value for pain researchers investigating the underlying mechanisms of headache.

Brain Mapping: A Comprehensive Reference, Three Volume Set offers foundational information for students and researchers across neuroscience. With over 300 articles and a media rich environment, this resource provides exhaustive coverage of the methods and systems involved in brain mapping, fully links the data to disease (presenting side by side maps of healthy and diseased brains for direct comparisons), and offers data sets and fully annotated color images. Each entry is built on a layered approach of the content – basic information for those new to the area and more detailed material for experienced readers. Edited and authored by the leading experts in the field, this work offers the most reputable, easily searchable content with cross referencing across articles, a one-stop reference for students, researchers and teaching faculty. - Broad overview of neuroimaging concepts with applications across the neurosciences and biomedical research - Fully annotated color images and videos for best comprehension of concepts - Layered content for readers of different levels of expertise - Easily searchable entries for quick access of reputable information - Live reference links to ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed

A book that fundamentally changes how neuroscientists and psychologists categorize sensations and understand the origins and significance of human feelingsHow Do You Feel? brings together startling evidence from neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry to present revolutionary new insights into how our brains enable us to experience the range of sensations and mental states known as feelings. Drawing on his own cutting-edge research, neurobiologist Bud Craig has identified an area deep inside the mammalian brain—the insular cortex—as the place where interoception, or the processing of bodily stimuli, generates feelings. He shows how this crucial pathway for interoceptive awareness gives rise in humans to the feeling of being alive, vivid perceptual feelings, and a subjective image of the sentient self across time. Craig explains how feelings represent activity patterns in our brains that signify emotions, intentions, and thoughts, and how integration of these patterns is driven by the unique energy needs of the hominid brain. He describes the essential role of feelings and the insular cortex in such diverse realms as music, fluid intelligence, and bivalent emotions, and relates these ideas to the philosophy of William James and even to feelings in dogs.How Do You Feel? is also a compelling insider's account of scientific discovery, one that takes readers behind the scenes as the astonishing answer to this neurological puzzle is pursued and pieced together from seemingly unrelated fields of scientific inquiry. This book will fundamentally alter the way that neuroscientists and psychologists categorize sensations and understand the origins and significance of human feelings.

Due to the recent explosion of placebo research at many levels the Editors believe that a volume on Placebo would be a good addition to the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology series. In particular, this volume will be built up on a meeting on Placebo which will be held in Tuebingen (Germany) in January 2013, and where the most prominent researchers in this field will present and exchange their ideas. The authors who will be invited to write chapters for this volume will be the very same speakers at this meeting, thus guaranteeing high standard and excellence in the topic that will be treated. The approach of the book is mainly pharmacological, including basic research and clinical trials, and the contents range from different medical conditions and systems, such as pain and the immune system, to different experimental approaches, like in vivo receptor binding and pharmacological/behavioral conditioning. Overall, the volume will give an idea of modern placebo research, of timely concepts in both experimental and clinical pharmacology, as well as of modern methods and tools in neuroscience.

This book represents one of the cornerstones of the series Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics. It is divided into eight sections, starting with an introduction to neuroeconomics followed by an overview of frequently applied experimental paradigms (games) in neuroeconomics research. Furthermore, it addresses the molecular basis of human decision making, environmental/situational factors and social contexts influencing human decision making, as well as translational and developmental/clinical approaches to neuroeconomics. In closing, a paper on neuro-marketing demonstrates how knowledge from neuroeconomics research can be applied in “real life.” Culminating in an extensive methods section, in which eight different neuroscience techniques are introduced, the book offers an essential resource for researchers and practitioners, and may also be beneficial for graduate students.

As the first comprehensive reference for the eye, its support structures, diseases, and treatments, Encyclopedia of the Eye is an important resource for all visual scientists, ophthalmologists, and optometrists, as well as researchers in immunology, infectious disease, cell biology, neurobiology and related disciplines. This four-volume reference is unique in its coverage of information on all tissues important for vision, including the retina, cornea and lens. It also covers the physiological and pathophysiologic processes that affect all eye tissues. This Encyclopedia is invaluable for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who are seeking an introduction to an area of eye research. Each chapter explains the basic concepts and provides references to relevant chapters within the Encyclopedia and more detailed articles across the wider research literature. The Encyclopedia is also particularly useful for visual scientists and practitioners who are researching a new area, seeking deeper understanding of important research articles in fields adjacent to their own, or reviewing a grant outside their immediate area of expertise. - Written by experts at a level that permits students to grasp key elements of a specific subject - Provides an entryway into the major features of current eye research - No other source puts this much information, so well-indexed and with so many helpful full color figures and graphics, in the hands of the ophthalmic scientist

The advances in neuroimaging technologies have led to substantial progress in understanding the neural mechanisms of cognitive functions. Thinking and reasoning have only recently been addressed by using neuroimaging techniques. The present book comprehensively explores current approaches and contributions to understanding the neural mechanisms of thinking in a concise and readable manner. It provides an insight into the state of the art and the potentials, but also the limitations of current neuroimaging methods for studying cognitive functions. The book will be a valuable companion for everyone interested in one of the most fascinating topics of cognitive neuroscience.