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Neurophysiology of Silence: Consciousness and Self Awareness, Volume 284 in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authorsPresents the latest release in Progress in Brain Research serialsUpdated release includes the latest information on Neurophysiology of Silence: Consciousness and Self Awareness

How can we teach machine learning to identify causal patterns in data? This book explores the very notion of “causality”, identifying from a naturalistic and evolutionary perspective how living systems deal with causal relationships. At the same time, using this knowledge to identify the best ways to apply such biological models in machine learning scenarios. One of the more fundamental challenges for AI experts is to design machines that can understand the world, identifying the basic rules that govern reality. Statistics are powerful and fundamental for this process, but they are only one of the necessary tools. Counterfactual thinking is the other part of the necessary process that will help machines to become intelligent. This book explains the paths that can lead to algorithmic causality. It is essential reading for those who are not afraid of thinking at the interface of various academic disciplines or fields (AI, machine learning, philosophy, neuroscience, anthropology, psychology, computer sciences), and who are interested in the analysis of causal thinking and the ways in which cognitive systems (natural or artificial) can act in order to understand their environment. Professor Vallverdú is currently working on biomimetic cognitive architectures and multicognitive systems. His research has explored two main areas: epistemology and cognition. Since his early Ph.D. research on epistemic controversies, he has analyzed several aspects of computational epistemology. His latest research has focused on the causal challenges of machine learning techniques, particularly deep learning. One of his most promising advances is statistics meets causal graph reasoning (via Directed Acyclic Graphs), which still has several conceptual paths that need to be explored and identified. Counterfactual reasoning is a fundamental part of these open debates, which are under the analysis of Prof. Vallverdú. His current research is supported as part of the following projects: GEHUCT and ICREA Acadèmia.

Handbook of Neural Engineering: A Modern Approach provides a comprehensive overview of the field from biology to recent technological advances through an interdisciplinary lens. The book is divided into three sections: 1) Biological Considerations for Neural Engineering, 2) Neural Engineering Strategies, and 3) Emerging Technologies for Neural Engineering. It provides the first comprehensive text that addresses this combination of subjects. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Multiple Sclerosis, represent an enormous healthcare burden, and many of these diseases lack true cures, making it imperative to study the biological systems that become disordered to understand potential treatment options. This book covers the basic neurobiology and physiology, common neural engineering strategies, and emerging technologies in this field. It is designed to support an upper year/graduate elective course in neural engineering, and will provide a foundational overview of the field for interdisciplinary researchers, clinicians, engineers, and industry professionals. The handbook provides readers with a strong base in both biological and engineering principles along with the concepts necessary to implement solutions using Neural Engineering.Includes coverage of foundational concepts of the fast-moving field of Neural Engineering, from overview and structure of the nervous system, cellular biology of the nervous system, extracellular matrix of the nervous system, role of the immune system in the nervous system, disease states of the nervous system, and the effects of trauma and chronic pain on the nervous systemProvides readers with understanding of Neural Engineering strategies, in key areas such as imagining, examining nervous system function, neural interfaces, Brain-Computer Interfaces, neural prostheses, neurorobotics, and neural tissue engineeringIncludes a complete section on emerging technologies for neural engineering applications, such as optogenetics, gene editing, brain organoids, and modeling with organ-on-a-chip systems

This updated reference covers diverse aspects of cerebellar development from a full range of viewpoints, including the epidemiology of cerebellar genetic disorders, developmental anatomy, cell biology, genetics, epigenetics, infectious diseases, and mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell fate, while also focusing on information that is relevant to clinicians caring for patients with cerebellar disorders. The chapters are written by experts in the field of cerebellar development, and the chapters cover diseases related to the cerebellum, along with their epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and management. In addition to updating the content to cover the significant developments in the field since the first edition, the second edition will include new chapters on Non-Coding RNAs and Cerebellar Development, Development of the Fish Cerebellum, the Role of nNOS/NO on Cerebellar Development in Health and Disease, and rehabilitation in cerebellar ataxia. The effect of the COVID-19 on the cerebellum has been included in related chapters. Development of the Cerebellum from Molecular Aspects to Diseases, 2nd edition, is designed to be valuable reference for both neuroscientists and clinicians.

Modern Intervention Tools for Rehabilitation addresses current advancements in rehabilitation to better equip clinicians and researchers in the field. This resource will equip professionals for better patient outcomes and improve future rehabilitation research quality. An interdisciplinary understanding of the rehabilitation field is crucial for improved patient care and outcomes, with relevance to patient care in other disciplines as well. With chapters dedicated to diagnostics, choosing appropriate techniques, managing medical treatment, and proper equipment care, readers will be well-equipped to decide on protocols, increase patient outcomes, and improve quality of life. Discusses experimental results and evidence related to modern intervention tools and techniques for re-education and rehabilitation Outlines conventional and recent advancement approaches Features individual chapter introductions and summaries to provide a comprehensive introduction Describes future perspectives in the field

This book is an analysis and discussion of the soul as a psychophysical process and its role in mental representation, meaning, understanding and agency. Grant Gillett and Walter Glannon combine contemporary neuroscience and philosophy to address fundamental issues about human existence and living and acting in the world. Based in part on Aristotle's hylomorphism and model of the psyche, their approach is informed by a neuroscientific model of the brain as a dynamic organ in which patterns of neural oscillation and synchronization are shaped by biological, social and cultural factors inside and outside of it. The authors provide a richer and more robust account of the soul, or mind, than other accounts by framing it in neuroscientific and philosophical terms that do not explain it away but explain it as something that is shaped by how it responds to the natural and social environment in enabling flexible and adaptive behavior.

This book focuses on the recent innovations and therapeutic potentials of regenerative medicine and discusses the applications of stem cells, biomaterials, and tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. The book covers essential aspects of regenerative medicine, including tissue microenvironment, immunological perspectives, stem, and non-stem cell-mediated approaches, imaging techniques, biomarkers, and 3D printing technology. It also reviews the applications of biosensing technologies in regenerative medicine, including biomanufacturing, organ-on-a-chip technologies, and as indicators of therapeutic efficacy. Further, it focuses on the regenerative medicine approaches for diseases of the central nervous system. It also provides the therapeutic potential of regenerative medicine to improve soft tissue and wound healing, cardiovascular, neural, bone, and orofacial regeneration. ​

The aim of the book is to sensitize physicians and researchers to the important long-term health effects of early, persistent, and severe trauma. The author, an internist, rheumatologist, and basic researcher in psychoneuroimmunology, shows connections between adverse childhood experiences and typical adult sequelae. After early traumatic experiences and childhood stress, there is a higher incidence of mental illness, chronic pain, sleep disorders, dental problems, obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic inflammation. A selection of diseases unmistakably demonstrate the long-term consequences of early childhood trauma. These childhood experiences create a kind of long-term programming that has a negative effect in adulthood. From his psychoneuroimmunological perspective, Rainer Straub identifies four factors that link the brain to the immune system and are involved in chronic immune activation: direct connectors originating from the brain, indirect connectors functioning through hormonal and neuronal pathways, extracorporeal (the environmental factors) and pleiotropic connectors (genetic factors).The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

Vidas de santos paganos recoge traducidas, anotadas, comentadas y presentadas por un estudio introductorio las biografías de una serie de filósofos y sofistas de los siglos III y IV d.C. redactadas por Porfirio de Tiro y por Eunapio de Sardes. Se trata de una obra realizada desde el punto de vista del historiador de lo social y el enfoque metodológico que se ha seguido en su confección gira en torno a una figura considerada fundamental para comprender la dinámica histórica de la época en que vivieron estos autores y sus protagonistas: la del llamado «hombre divino» (θε?ος?ν?ρ). Una articulación conceptual e historiográfica empleada en el ámbito académico que hace referencia, en el marco del presente libro, a los más distinguidos maestros carismáticos de las escuelas de educación superior en filosofía y retórica de comienzos de la Antigüedad Tardía. El lector encontrará la semblanza de una suerte de genealogía intelectual de sabios extraordinarios que ejercieron una notable atracción y admiración pública por razón de sus conocimientos, de su modo de vida filosófico-espiritual y de su personalidad. En unos tiempos delicados para el Imperio romano en términos políticos, sociales y espirituales se irguieron figuras heroicas o ejemplares como las reflejadas en este volumen, cuyo potencial carismático les permitió conformar comunidades educativo-espirituales de fervientes seguidores que perpetuaron sus enseñanzas a lo largo de sucesivas generaciones. Hasta tal punto alcanzaba su autoridad carismática que los adeptos veneraban la inspiración docente del maestro como si se tratase de un auténtico saber revelado. En definitiva, el lector se hallará ante el último bastión cultural en defensa de un helenismo cuya llama vieron apagarse paulatinamente nuestros autores.Marco Alviz Fernández es doctor en Historia Antigua con mención internacional y Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado y actualmente ejerce como docente e investigador Juan de la Cierva en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Sus principales líneas de investigación y ámbito de especialización académica son la Historia social, de la educación y de las religiones en la Antigüedad Tardía con especial atención por la figura del «hombre divino» y su trascendencia en el ámbito grecorromano. Como resultado de su labor investigadora, para lo que se ha beneficiado de diversas estancias académicas en distintas instituciones europeas como La Sapienza de Roma, la Universidad de Potsdam ola Universidad de Edimburgo, destacan, entre otra serie de publicaciones científicas y su monografía de reciente aparición. Hacia una Historia social de los santos paganos, Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, Institut de Scienceset Techniques de l'Antiquité, Besançon,2022.

This book investigates the neuroscientific knowledge on addiction as an epistemic project.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers'understanding of the complexities of the diagnosis and management of spinal cord injuries. Featuring chapters on drug delivery, exercise, and rehabilitation, this volume discusses in detail the impact of the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and long-term prognosis of spinal cord injuries on the lives of those affected. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand spinal cord injuries. Covers both the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary, and summary points to aid in understanding Features chapters on epidemiology and pain Includes MRI usage, biomarkers, and stem cell and gene therapy for management of spinal cord injury Discusses pain reduction, drug delivery, and rehabilitation

This highly interdisciplinary book, covering more than six fields, from philosophy and sciences all the way up to the humanities and with contributions from eminent authors, addresses the interplay between content and context, reductionism and holism and their meeting point: the notion of emergence. Much of today's science is reductionist (bottom-up); in other words, behaviour on one level is explained by reducing it to components on a lower level. Chemistry is reduced to atoms, ecosystems are explained in terms of DNA and proteins, etc. This approach fails quickly since we can't cannot extrapolate to the properties of atoms solely from Schrödinger's equation, nor figure out protein folding from an amino acid sequence or obtain the phenotype of an organism from its genotype. An alternative approach to this is holism (top-down). Consider an ecosystem or an organism as a whole: seek patterns on the same scale. Model a galaxy not as 400 billion-point masses (stars) but as an object inits own right with its own properties (spiral, elliptic). Or a hurricane as a structured form of moist air and water vapour. Reductionism is largely about content, whereas holistic models are more attuned to context. Reductionism (content) and holism (context) are not opposing philosophies — in fact, they work best in tandem. Join us on a journey to understand the multifaceted dialectic concerning this duo and how they shape the foundations of sciences and humanities, our thoughts and, the very nature of reality itself.

Neural Repair and Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury and Spine Trauma provides readers with a comprehensive overview on the most up-to-date strategies to repair and regenerate the injured spinal cord following SCI and spine trauma. With contributions by international authors, chapters put regenerative approaches in context, allowing the reader to understand the challenges and future directions of regenerative therapies. Recent clinical trial advancements are thoroughly discussed, with the impact of trial findings addressed. Additionally, major ongoing clinical trials are included with thoughts from experts in the field. Recent clinical practice guidelines for the management of traumatic spinal cord injury are featured throughout. These guidelines are quickly being adopted as the standard of care worldwide, and the comprehensive information found within this book will place these recommendations in context with current knowledge surrounding spinal cord injury and spine trauma. Contains contributions by international authors Covers recent clinical trial advancements and findings and updates on ongoing trials Presents an overview of clinical practice guidelines for the management of traumatic spinal cord injury featured Provides the reader with insights regarding the translation of research from bench to bedside and the skills needed to understand the translational pathway using real-life examples

Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy in Neurodegenerative Disease, Volume 166 in the International Review of Neurobiology series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors who cover Challenges in translating a cell therapy to GMP, The challenges in developing a cell therapy for Huntington's disease, Challenges of cell therapies for retinal diseases, Challenges of gene therapy in Huntington's Disease, Technological advances and barriers to gene therapy, Considerations in the development of cell therapy modulation for spinal cord injury treatment, Challenges of developing glial cell therapy for ALS, and more. Other chapters in this comprehensive release include Exploring cell and gene therapy in current animal models of Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, Considerations for the use of biomaterials to support cell therapy in degenerative disease, Neurosurgical challenges/innovations in cell and gene therapy delivery, Neuroimaging: the challenge of harnessing imaging tools to facilitate cell and gene therapy in neurodegenerative diseases/The contribution and challenges for imaging in advanced therapies of movement disorders, Considerations for clinical trial design for novel advanced therapeutics in neurodegenerative disease, and More than a trial participant: The role of the patient in ATMP development and trials for neurodegenerative disease. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in International Review on Neurobiology serials Updated release includes the latest information on Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy in Neurodegenerative Disease

Spinal injury affects about 10 million people annually worldwide, impacting on the family unit and causing lifelong disabilities, with varied symptoms including paresthesia, spasticity, loss of motor control, and often severe pain. Cellular, Molecular, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers'understanding of the biological and psychological effects of spinal cord injury. Featuring chapters on gene expression, metabolic effects, and behavior, this volume discusses in detail the impact of spinal cord injury to better understand the underlying pathways and processes. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand these injuries. Summarizes the neuroscience of spinal cord injury, including cellular and molecular biology Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary, and summary points to aid in understanding Features chapters on signaling and hormonal events Includes plasticity and gene expression Examines health and stress behaviors after spinal cord injury

​Ziel des Buches ist es, Ärzte und Forschende für die wichtigen langfristigen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen eines frühen, anhaltenden und schweren Traumas zu sensibilisieren. Der Autor, Internist, Rheumatologe und Grundlagenforscher in der Psychoneuroimmunologie, zeigt Zusammenhänge zwischen widrigen Kindheitserlebnissen und typischen Folgeproblemen bei Erwachsenen auf. Nach frühen traumatischen Erlebnissen und kindlichem Stress kommt es häufiger zu psychischen Erkrankungen, chronischen Schmerzen, Schlafstörungen, Zahnproblemen, Adipositas, Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen, Asthma, Diabetes mellitus und chronischer Entzündung. Anhand einer Auswahl an Erkrankungen können unmissverständlich die langfristigen Folgen früher Kindheitstraumata aufgezeigt werden. Diese kindlichen Erlebnisse erzeugen eine Art Langzeitprogrammierung, die negativ im Erwachsenenalter einwirkt. Aus seiner psychoneuroimmunologischen Perspektive identifiziert Rainer Straub vier Faktoren, die das Gehirn mitdem Immunsystem verknüpfen und an der chronischen Immunaktivierung beteiligt sind: vom Gehirn ausgehende direkte Verknüpfer, indirekte Verknüpfer, die über hormonelle und neuronale Bahnen funktionieren, extrakorporale – die Umweltfaktoren – und pleiotrope Verknüpfer – die Genvarianten.

Put simply, Think Straight is an owner's manual for the human brain. Drawing from the vast history of scientific and cognitive research, this book is a tour de force through the science and philosophy of the human mind, and what it means to think as a rational human being in the 21st century. Our world is awash in mis- and disinformation, baseless conspiracy theories, New Age ideology, anti-science propaganda, and all manner of magical thinking. Pseudo-experts fill the airwaves with false and bogus claims, news media twist and spin information to suit their ends, celebrities and corporations push evidence-free beliefs on their followers, and politicians continue to mislead the masses with false promises and bad thinking. In careful detail, author Jon Guy investigates the art of thinking critically, offering readers the ability to empower themselves and our society at large.In order to think critically, we must also learn what it means to know, what knowledge is, how to investigate, how to question, and how everything from computer algorithms written by geniuses to psychological traits embedded in us from our evolutionary origins conspire to construct a model of reality that we have much reason to doubt. The human mind is not only the most powerful and complex structure ever discovered, it is also riddled with a host of flaws, shortcomings, errors, and limitations, most of which none of us are ever made aware of. Critical thinking is the ability to both capitalize on the strengths and power of human cognition, as well as understand and combat the error-prone nature of our brains. Think Straight encourages us to accept that not everything we think is true and explores how we can compensate for the many errors of our minds.Backed by the best available research and data, and written in clear and decisive language, Think Straight provides readers with the proper guidance and tools to improve your thinking, inform your decisions, avoid fraud and deceit, and make the world a better place to live and prosper.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers'understanding of the complexities of the diagnosis and management of spinal cord injuries. Featuring chapters on drug delivery, exercise, and rehabilitation, this volume discusses in detail the impact of the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and long-term prognosis of spinal cord injuries on the lives of those affected. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand spinal cord injuries. Spinal injury affects about 10 million people annually worldwide, impacting on the family unit and causing lifelong disabilities, with varied symptoms including paresthesia, spasticity, loss of motor control, and often severe pain. Cellular, Molecular, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers'understanding of the biological and psychological effects of spinal cord injury. Featuring chapters on gene expression, metabolic effects, and behavior, this volume discusses in detail the impact of spinal cord injury to better understand the underlying pathways and processes. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand these injuries.Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Covers both the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary, and summary points to aid in understanding Features chapters on epidemiology and pain Includes MRI usage, biomarkers, and stem cell and gene therapy for management of spinal cord injury Discusses pain reduction, drug delivery, and rehabilitation Cellular, Molecular, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury: Summarizes the neuroscience of spinal cord injury, including cellular and molecular biology Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary, and summary points to aid in understanding Features chapters on signaling and hormonal events Includes plasticity and gene expression Examines health and stress behaviors after spinal cord injury

Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet is a comprehensive reference on the genetic and behavioral features associated with proper and abnormal development. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the physiological, behavioral, molecular, and cellular features of neurodevelopment. In addition, the book examines in vitro and in vivo modeling of development with stem cells and model systems. Provides the most comprehensive coverage of a broad range of topics relating to the neuroscience of development Features sections on the genetics of developmental conditions and accompanying behavior Contains an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding in each chapter Focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders and environmental factors that influence neural development Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables

Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Neuroscience of Development is a comprehensive reference on the diagnosis and management of neurodevelopment and associated disorders. This book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the interactions between genetics, epigenetics and other micro-environmental processes. It also examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of development-related conditions. Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet is a comprehensive reference on the genetic and behavioral features associated with proper and abnormal development. This book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the physiological, behavioral, molecular, and cellular features of neurodevelopment. It also examines in vitro and in vivo modelling of development with stem cells and model systems.Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Neuroscience Of Development: Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics related to the neuroscience of development Features sections on diagnosis and biomarkers Contains in each chapter an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding Focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders and environmental factors that influence neural development Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet: Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics related to the neuroscience of development Features sections on the genetics of developmental conditions and accompanying behavior Contains in each chapter an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding Focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders and environmental factors that influence neural development Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables

This book presents a theoretical critical appraisal of the Mechanistic Theory of Human Cognition (MTHC), which is one of the most popular major theories in the contemporary field of cognitive science. It analyses and evaluates whether MTHC provides a unifying account of human cognition and its explanation. The book presents a systematic investigation of the internal and external consistency of the theory, as well as a systematic comparison with other contemporary major theories in the field. In this sense, it provides a fresh look at more recent major theoretical debates in this area of scientific research and a rigorous analysis of one of its most central major theories. Rigorous theoretical work is integrated with objective consideration of relevant empirical evidence, making the discussions robust and clear. As a result, the book shows that MTHC provides a significant theoretical contribution for the field of cognitive science. The content is useful for those interested in theoretical and empirical issues concerning major theories in the contemporary field of cognitive science.

Spinal Cord Injury Pain presents the basis for preclinical and clinical investigations, along with strategies for new approaches in the treatment of central neuropathic pain. Contributors from the private sector and academia provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art research in this challenging space. Topics include Epidemiology of Chronic Pain Following SCI, experimental models and mechanisms of chronic pain in SCI, and new targets and technologies. This book serves as a resource for continued translational research that will result in novel approaches and treatments that improve function and quality of life for individuals with CNP/SCI. Despite a better understanding of the complexity of mechanisms of CNP/SCI, improved medical and surgical management of SCI, and the subsequent acceleration of the identification of new targets and the development of novel analgesics, there is still a great unmet clinical need in the area of CNP following SCI. Hence, this book is a welcomed addition to current research and developments. Provides a comprehensive resource for novel approaches and treatments that improve function and quality of life for individuals with CNP/SCI Includes contributors from the private sector and academia Covers epidemiology of chronic pain following SCI, experimental models, mechanisms of chronic pain in SCI, and new targets and technologies

In Measuring the Immeasurable Mind: Where Contemporary Neuroscience Meets the Aristotelian Tradition, Matthew Owen argues that despite its nonphysical character, it is possible to empirically detect and measure consciousness. Toward the end of the previous century, the neuroscience of consciousness set its roots and sprouted within a materialist milieu that reduced the mind to matter. Several decades later, dualism is being dusted off and reconsidered. Although some may see this revival as a threat to consciousness science aimed at measuring the conscious mind, Owen argues that measuring consciousness, along with the medical benefits of such measurements, is not ruled out by consciousness being nonphysical. Owen proposes the Mind-Body Powers model of neural correlates of consciousness, which is informed by Aristotelian causation and a substance dualist view of human nature inspired by Thomas Aquinas, who often followed Aristotle. In addition to explaining why there are neural correlates of consciousness, the model provides a philosophical foundation for empirically discerning and quantifying consciousness. En route to presenting and applying the Mind-Body Powers model to neurobiology, Owen rebuts longstanding objections to dualism related to the mind-body problem. With scholarly precision and readable clarity, Owen applies an oft forgotten yet richly developed historical vantage point to contemporary cognitive neuroscience.

The Mind and Brain are usually considered as one and the same nonlinear, complex dynamical system, in which information processing can be described with vector and tensor transformations and with attractors in multidimensional state spaces. Thus, an internal neurocognitive representation concept consists of a dynamical process which filters out statistical prototypes from the sensorial information in terms of coherent and adaptive n-dimensional vector fields. These prototypes serve as a basis for dynamic, probabilistic predictions or probabilistic hypotheses on prospective new data (see the recently introduced approach of'predictive coding'in neurophilosophy). Furthermore, the phenomenon of sensory and language cognition would thus be based on a multitude of self-regulatory complex dynamics of synchronous self-organization mechanisms, in other words, an emergent'flux equilibrium process'('steady state') of the total collective and coherent neural activity resulting from the oscillatory actions of neuronal assemblies. In perception it is shown how sensory object informations, like the object color or the object form, can be dynamically related together or can be integrated to a neurally based representation of this perceptual object by means of a synchronization mechanism ('feature binding'). In language processing it is shown how semantic concepts and syntactic roles can be dynamically related together or can be integrated to neurally based systematic and compositional connectionist representations by means of a synchronization mechanism ('variable binding') solving the Fodor-Pylyshyn-Challenge. Since the systemtheoretical connectionism has succeeded in modeling the sensory objects in perception as well as systematic and compositional representations in language processing with this vector- and oscillation-based representation format, a new, convincing theory of neurocognition has been developed, which bridges the neuronal and the cognitive analysis level.The book describes how elementary neuronal information is combined in perception and language, so it becomes clear how the brain processes this information to enable basic cognitive performance of the humans.

Neuropharmacology of Neuroprotection Volume 254, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series Updated release includes the latest information on Neuropharmacology of Neuroprotection

An exploration of the neurological and behavioral mechanisms and processes involved in intrusive thinking.On any given day, unintended, recurrent thoughts intrude on our thinking and affect our behavior in ways that can be adaptive. Such thoughts, however, become intrusive and problematic when they are unwanted, become compulsive, or lead to socially or medically unacceptable behavior. This volume explores what goes on in our brains to create thought intrusions, and how these intrusions lead to maladaptive behavior.Intrusive thoughts feature prominently in most psychiatric disorders, so understanding the neurological and behavioral processes underlying them is an urgent endeavor. To investigate these issues, contributors from a range of disciplines—including neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, and pharmacology—consider the mechanisms involved in intrusive thoughts under normal and abnormal conditions. They analyze how decision making becomes corrupted to create uncontrollable intrusions, explore the implications for concepts of free will and individual responsibility, and suggest avenues for future research.ContributorsMichael C. Anderson, Adam Aron, David Badre, Bernard W. T.Balleine, Marie Banich, Anya K. Bershad, Antonello Bonci, Michael B. Bonsall,Katheen T. Brady, Judson Brewer, Michael R. Bruchas, David M. Buss, Aurelio Cortese, Hugo D. Critchley, Damiaan Denys, Harriet de Wit, Lisa Espinosa, John R. Fedota, Shelly B. Flagel, Aikaterina Fotopoulou, Sophia Frangou, Karl Friston, Rita Z. Goldstein, Shannon L. Gourley, Suzanne N. Haber, Colleen A. Hanlon, Andreas Heinz, Emily A. Holmes, Quentin J. M, Huys, Peter W. Kalivas, Laura Kress, Hakwan Lau, Kayuet Liu, Tiago V. Maia, Lisa M. McTeague, Amy L. Milton, Marie Hélène Monfils, Martin P. Paulus, Paul E. M. Phillips, Marina R. Picciotto, Trevor W. Robbins, Angels C. Roberts, Daniela Schiller, Daniela, Florian Schlagenhauf, Jonathan W. Schooler, Jens V. Schwarzbach, Jeremy K. Seamans, Laura Singh, Eliot A. Stein, Peter Tse, Renée M. Visser, Martin Voss

From speech to breathing to overt movement contractions of muscles are the only way other than sweating whereby we literally make a mark on the world. Locomotion is an essential part of this equation and exciting new developments are shedding light on the mechanisms underlying how this important behavior occurs. The Neural Control of Movement discusses these developments across a variety of species including man. The editors focus on highlighting the utility of different models from invertebrates to vertebrates. Each chapter discusses how new approaches in neuroscience are being used to dissect and control neural networks. An area of emphasis is on vertebrate motor networks and particularly the spinal cord. The spinal cord is unique because it has seen the use of genetic tools allowing the dissection of networks for over ten years. This book provides practical details on model systems, approaches, and analysis approaches related to movement control. This book is written for neuroscientists interested in movement control. Provides practice details on model systems, approaches, and analysis approaches related to movement control Discusses how recent advances like optogenetics and chemogenetics affect the need for model systems to be modified (or not) to work for studies of movement and motor control Written for neuroscientists interested in movement control, especially movement disorders like Parkinson's, MS, spinal cord injury, and stroke

Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS, Second Edition, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents recent advances in genetic, molecular and cellular methods that have generated a massive increase in new information. The book provides a much-needed update to underscore the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on neural patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Contains articles that are peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Covers mechanisms which control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors, control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and control the development of non-neural cells

This book presents an analysis of the correlation between the mind and the body, a complex topic of study and discussion by scientists and philosophers. Drawing largely on neuroscience and philosophy, the author utilizes the scientific method and incorporates lessons learned from a vast array of sources. Based on the most recent cutting-edge scientific discoveries on the Mind-Body problem, Tomasi presents a full examination of multiple fields related to neuroscience. The volume offers a scientist-based and student-friendly journey into medicine, psychology, artificial intelligence, embodied cognition, and social, ecological and anthropological models of perception, to discover our truest self.

Understanding and improving how organizations work and are managed is the object of management research and practice, and this topic is of longstanding interest in the academia and in society at large. More recently, the contribution that the study of the brain could make to, notably, our understanding of decisions, emotional reactions, and behaviors has led to the emergence of the field of “organizational neuroscience”. Within the field of management, organizational neuroscience seeks to explore linkages between neuroscience research, theories, and methods and management research. Its primary goal is to incorporate findings on the cognitive processes underlying the thoughts, behaviors and attitudes of organizational actors in order to better inform management theories, and to assist in understanding, predicting and improving these behaviors in the workplace. As a result, we have seen in the last decade a flurry of research projects and publications in organizational neuroscience, as well as novel or rejuvenated innovations around neuromarketing, neuroleadership, and cognitive enhancement in the work place, to name a few. However, research and practical applications in organizational neuroscience pose profound ethical challenges about, for example, organizational responsibility in the responsible use of scientific innovation. Drawing on recent debates in the field, and in response to upcoming ethical challenges of organization neuroscience, this book introduces “organizational neuroethics” as an emerging interdisciplinary field that addresses the ethics of organizational neuroscience research and applications, as well as the neuroscience of organizational ethics. The first part focuses on the ethics of organizational neuroscience and several chapters tackle the ethics of neuromarketing or neuroleadership and discuss the ethical issues associated with neuroenhancement practice in the workplace. The second part of the book addresses cutting-edge topics in the neuroscience of organizational ethics. Written by international experts in the fields of management, neuroscience, ethics, and social science, this book will be of prime interest to practitioners, researchers and students in the various fields concerned with improving management research and practices, as well as organizational ethics.

There have been extraordinary developments in the field of neuroscience in recent years, sparking a number of discussions within the legal field. This book studies the various interactions between neuroscience and the world of law, and explores how neuroscientific findings could affect some fundamental legal categories and how the law should be implemented in such cases. The book is divided into three main parts. Starting with a general overview of the convergence of neuroscience and law, the first part outlines the importance of their continuous interaction, the challenges that neuroscience poses for the concepts of free will and responsibility, and the peculiar characteristics of a “new” cognitive liberty. In turn, the second part addresses the phenomenon of cognitive and moral enhancement, as well as the uses of neurotechnology and their impacts on health, self-determination and the concept of being human. The third and last partinvestigates the use of neuroscientific findings in both criminal and civil cases, and seeks to determine whether they can provide valuable evidence and facilitate the assessment of personal responsibility, helping to resolve cases. The book is the result of an interdisciplinary dialogue involving jurists, philosophers, neuroscientists, forensic medicine specialists, and scholars in the humanities; further, it is intended for a broad readership interested in understanding the impacts of scientific and technological developments on people's lives and on our social systems.

First Published in 1987, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide into methods and techniques used in Neurobiology. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Neurobiologists, and other practitioners in their respective fields.

This book reviews key recent advances and new frontiers within psychiatric research and clinical practice. These advances either represent or are enabling paradigm shifts in the discipline and are influencing how we observe, derive and test hypotheses, and intervene. Progress in information technology is allowing the collection of scattered, fragmented data and the discovery of hidden meanings from stored data, and the impacts on psychiatry are fully explored. Detailed attention is also paid to the applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science technology in psychiatry and to their role in the development of new hypotheses, which in turn promise to lead to new discoveries and treatments. Emerging research methods for precision medicine are discussed, as are a variety of novel theoretical frameworks for research, such as theoretical psychiatry, the developmental approach to the definition of psychopathology, and the theory of constructed emotion. Theconcluding section considers novel interventions and treatment avenues, including psychobiotics, the use of neuromodulation to augment cognitive control of emotion, and the role of the telomere-telomerase system in psychopharmacological interventions.

This broad and thought-provoking volume provides an overview of recent intellectual and scientific advances that bridge the gap between psychiatry and neuroscience, offering a wide range of penetrating insights in both disciplines. The third volume on the topic in the last several years from a varying panel of international experts, this title identifies the borders, trends and implications in both fields today and goes beyond that into related disciplines to seek out connections and influences. Similar to its two Update book predecessors, Psychiatry and Neuroscience – Volume III presents the current state-of-the-art in the main disciplines – psychiatry and neuroscience – and attempts to provide deeper comprehension or explication of the normal and diseased human mind, its biological correlates and its biographical and existential implications. This engaging volume continues the previous style of exploring different disciplines and trying to integratedisciplinary evidence from varying points of view in an organic manner. Developed for clinicians and researchers in the fields of medicine, psychiatry, psychology and biology, this third volume also will be of great interest to students and university professors of diverse disciplines.

Preparate para dejar atrás todo lo que creías sobre las emociones: este libro es el nacimiento de la Neurosuperación. ¿Cómo está constituida tu personalidad? ¿Qué componentes concretos dan lugar a tu autoestima? ¿Cómo es el paso-a-paso del enojo? ¿La felicidad exige que múltiples mecanismos emocionales sesatisfagan en simultáneo? ¿Por qué se detona tu ansiedad? ¿Para qué competimos? ¿La venganza es un rasgo humano tan universal como la amistad? Las emociones encierran procesos y componentes que no podemos tocar ni observar a simple vista, pero sobre los que sí podemos actuar. Por debajo de nuestras decisiones y motivaciones cotidianas, funcionan mecanismos emocionales que explican prácticamente todos nuestros sentimientos y que aquí se descubren de forma exquisita. Este libro revoluciona nuestro entendimiento sobre cómo funcionan las emociones. Es el resultado de un trabajo de años de investigación que Federico Fros Campelo consigue explicar de manera sencilla y práctica. Mapas emocionales te brinda recursos para que manejes tus emociones, fundamentados muy sólidamente con los últimos descubrimientos en neurociencias.

This Brief introduces two empirically grounded models of situated mental phenomena: contextual social cognition (the collection of psychological processes underlying context-dependent social behavior) and action-language coupling (the integration of ongoing actions with movement-related verbal information). It combines behavioral, neuroscientific, and neuropsychiatric perspectives to forge a novel view of contextual influences on active, multi-domain processes. Chapters highlight the models'translational potential for the clinical field by focusing on diseases compromising social cognition (mainly illustrated by behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia) and motor skills (crucially, Parkinson's disease). A final chapter sets forth metatheoretical considerations regarding intercognition, the constant binding of processes triggered by environmental and body-internal sources, which confers a sensus communis to our experience. In addition, the book includes two commentaries written by external peers pondering on advantages and limits of the proposal. Contextual Cognition will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers from the fields of cognitive science, neurology, psychiatry, neuroscience, psychology, behavioral science, linguistics, and philosophy.

Gene therapy has tremendous potential for the treatment of neurological disorders. There has been substantial progress in the development of gene therapy strategies for neurological disorders over the last two decades. Gene Therapy in Neurological Disorders thoroughly reviews currently available gene therapy tools and presents examples of their application in a variety of neurological diseases. The book begins with general reviews of gene therapy strategies with a focus on neurological disorders. The remainder of the chapters present approaches to specific neurological disorders. Each chapter gives an in-depth introduction to the relevant field before diving into the specific tool or application. The book aims to help investigators, students and research staff better understand the principles of gene therapy and its application in the nervous system. Provides background information and experimental details of gene therapy tools applied for neuroscience research and neurological disorders Covers a broad range of gene delivery and regulation tools, therapeutic agents, and target cells, including emerging new technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing Discusses applications of gene therapy tools to neurological disorders including neurodegeneration, muscular dystrophy, trauma and chronic pain, and neoplastic diseases

La obra nos lleva a un campo interdisciplinario muy amplio entre diversas ciencias biológicas, sociales y humanísticas como son las neurociencias, las ciencias de la conducta, la psicología cognitiva, la psiquiatría, la filosofía de la mente, la teoría literaria, las ciencias de la complejidad y algunas tradiciones relevantes al tema, como el budismo.

El fundamento y la condición de posibilidad de una sociedad auténticamente democrática es la participación. Esta obra aporta por vez primera las bases para establecer un proceso fundamentado de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la participación, presentando la ASC como el medio más idóneo para ello a través de cinco capítulos. El primero, dedicado a delimitar y definir la constelación de nociones afines que determinan el mapa conceptual de la participación desde un enfoque sociopedagógico. El segundo aborda una revisión y actualización teórica de la ASC a la luz de las corrientes del pensamiento actual, que permita presentar esta disciplina como una didáctica de la participación y no tanto como una praxis o metodología social. Un tercer capítulo perfila los fundamentos para el desarrollo de una didáctica de la participación con las aportaciones de la sociopedagogía, la biología, las neurociencias y la psicología positiva. El cuarto apartado del libro se ocupa de describir las características del liderazgo social participativo como una nueva modalidad diferente al resto de liderazgos, capaz de responder a las características que deben reunir los educadores de la participación, es decir, los nuevos animadores socioculturales. Finalmente, el quinto capítulo cierra el libro abriéndolo al futuro mediante un avance de lo que bien podría ser una nueva modalidad de intervención socioeducativa, la neuroanimación, partiendo de la aplicación de los principios de la animación sociocultural a las actuales y futuras aportaciones de la neurociencia.

This volume examines all aspects of using agent or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes this'social'is that it can represent an observed society.Social systems include all those systems where the components have individual agency but also interact with each other. This includes human societies and groups, but also increasingly socio-technical systems where the internet-based devices form the substrate for interaction. These systems are central to our lives, but are among the most complex known. This poses particular problems for those who wish to understand them. The complexity often makes analytic approaches infeasible but, on the other hand, natural language approaches are also inadequate for relating intricate cause and effect. This is why individual and agent-based computational approaches hold out the possibility of new and deeper understanding of such systems.This handbook marks the maturation of this new field. It brings together summaries of the best thinking and practices in this area from leading researchers in the field and constitutes a reference point for standards against which future methodological advances can be judged.This second edition adds new chapters on different modelling purposes and applying software engineering methods to simulation development. Revised existing content will keep the book up-to-date with recent developments. This volume will help those new to the field avoid'reinventing the wheel'each time, and give them a solid and wide grounding in the essential issues. It will also help those already in the field by providing accessible overviews of current thought. The material is divided into four sections: Introduction, Methodology, Mechanisms, and Applications. Each chapter starts with a very brief section called ‘Why read this chapter?'followed by an abstract, which summarizes the content of the chapter. Each chapter also ends with a section on ‘Further Reading'.Whilst sometimes covering technical aspects, this second edition of Simulating Social Complexity is designed to be accessible to a wide range of researchers, including both those from the social sciences as well as those with a more formal background. It will be of use as a standard reference text in the field and also be suitable for graduate level courses.

Functional Neural Transplantation IV: Translation to Clinical Application, Part B, Volume 231 provides the current status of cell transplantation in the nervous system, focusing on the conditions for achieving structural repair and functional recovery. New to this edition are chapters on Plasticity and Regeneration in the Injured Spinal Cord After Cell Transplantation Therapy, Transplantation of GABAergic Interneurons for Cell-Based Therapy, Rebuilding CNS Inhibitory Circuits to Control Chronic Neuropathic Pain and Itch, From Transplanting Schwann Cells in Experimental Rat Spinal Cord Injury to their Transplantation into Human Injured Spinal Cord in Clinical Trials, and the Recruitment of Endogenous CNS Stem Cells for Regeneration in Demyelinating Disease. As the fourth in a periodic series of updates at 5-7 year intervals, this volume highlights recent developments in cellular and molecular science, providing the fundamental principles of neuroplasticity and regeneration in the brain and spinal cord, while also addressing the power of pluripotent stem cells to generate new sources of precisely specified neurons for utilization in brain repair. Provides a comprehensive set of critical reviews covering the field Presents state-of-the-art topics in science and translational medicine Written by international leaders in the field of neural transplantation

These proceeding cover new trends presented at the IV Congress of the International Society of Reconstructive Neurosurgery (ISRN), 2015. ISRN is an “open” multidisciplinary society that deals with advances in spine and peripheral-nerve reconstructive surgery, central nervous system revascularization (surgical, radio interventional), neuromodulation, bioengineering and transplantation, which are the latest tools used to promote reconstruction, restoration and rehabilitation.

The authors present the most current and cutting-edge knowledge regarding the molecular basis of cerebellar development, focusing on information relevant to laboratory scientists and clinicians providing service to patients with cerebellar disorders. Knowledge obtained from advanced neuroimaging techniques that are used during development, and from molecular- and genetic-based studies has provided rapidly-growing evidence that the cerebellum is a brain region that is highly impacted by developmental defects. Cerebellar defects result in significant intellectual and motor function impairment that affects both the patients and their families.

This book offers representative examples from fly and mouse models to illustrate the ongoing success of the synergistic, state-of-the-art strategy, focusing on the ways it enhances our understanding of sensory processing. The authors focus on sensory systems (vision, olfaction), which are particularly powerful models for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits, to answer this question: How do individual nerve cells functionally cooperate to guide behavioral responses? Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, together significantly further our understanding of these processes. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three interrelated fields of research: (1) understanding how the fates of different cell types are specified during development, (2) revealing the synaptic connections between identified cell types (“connectomics”) using high-resolution three-dimensional circuit anatomy, and (3) causal testing of how identified circuit elements contribute to visual perception and behavior.

Neurotrophins, the latest volume in the Vitamins and Hormones series first published in 1943, and the longest-running serial published by Academic Press, provides up-to-date information on crystal structures and basic structural studies on neurotrophins and their receptors, neurotrophin functions, and the biological actions of neurotrophins related to clinical conditions and disease. Each volume is thoroughly reviewed and focuses on a single molecule or disease that is related to vitamins or hormones, with the topic broadly interpreted to include related substances such as transmitters, cytokines, growth factors, and others. Provides cutting-edge reviews concerning the molecular and cellular biology of vitamins and hormones Contains expertise from world-renowned contributors Focuses on a single molecule or disease that is related to vitamins or hormones, with the topic broadly interpreted to include related substances such as transmitters, cytokines, growth factors, and others Presents in-depth, current information from the molecular to clinical level

This book seeks to build bridges between neuroscience and social science empirical researchers and theorists working around the world, integrating perspectives from both fields, separating real from spurious divides between them and delineating new challenges for future investigation. Since its inception in the early 2000s, multilevel social neuroscience has dramatically reshaped our understanding of the affective and cultural dimensions of neurocognition. Thanks to its explanatory pluralism, this field has moved beyond long standing dichotomies and reductionisms, offering a neurobiological perspective on topics classically monopolized by non-scientific traditions, such as consciousness, subjectivity, and intersubjectivity. Moreover, it has forged new paths for dialogue with disciplines which directly address societal dynamics, such as economics, law, education, public policy making and sociology. At the same time, beyond internal changes in the field of neuroscience, new problems emerge in the dialogue with other disciplines.Neuroscience and Social Science – The Missing Link puts together contributions by experts interested in the convergences, divergences, and controversies across these fields. The volume presents empirical studies on the interplay between relevant levels of inquiry (neural, psychological, social), chapters rooted in specific scholarly traditions (neuroscience, sociology, philosophy of science, public policy making), as well as proposals of new theoretical foundations to enhance the rapprochement in question.By putting neuroscientists and social scientists face to face, the book promotes new reflections on this much needed marriage while opening opportunities for social neuroscience to plunge from the laboratory into the core of social life. This transdisciplinary approach makes Neuroscience and Social Science – The Missing Link an important resource for students, teachers, and researchersinterested in the social dimension of human mind working in different fields, such as social neuroscience, social sciences, cognitive science, psychology, behavioral science, linguistics, and philosophy.

Circadian rhythms influence most of our life activities, notably getting up and going to sleep every day. This new edition of Circadian Physiology delves into the mechanisms surrounding how these rhythms work, the physiology and biology behind them, and the latest research on this cutting-edge field. The book also discusses a wide variety of practi

The Neuronal Cytoskeleton, Motor Proteins, and Organelle Trafficking in the Axon, a new volume in the Methods in Cell Biology series continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods in neuronal cells, and includes sections on such topics as actin transport in axons and neurofilament transport. Covers an increasingly appreciated field in cell biology Includes both established and new technologies Contributed by experts in the field

This stimulating analysis reviews the broad potential of animal models to foster a deeper understanding of human pathology, strengthen connections between genetic and behavioral studies, and develop more effective treatments for mental disorders. Widely-studied and lesser-used species are examined in models that capture features along the continuum of normative and pathological behavior. The models highlight genetic causes of core features, or endophenotypes, of developmental, internalizing, and externalizing disorders, as well as dementia. Expert contributors address questions ranging from how suitable species are chosen for study to the costs and benefits of using inbred versus outbred strains, and the effects of housing environment on subject animals. Larger issues addressed include how to evaluate the applicability of animal behavioral models to the human condition and how these models can harness emerging molecular technologies to further our understanding of the genetic basis ofmental illness.Included in the coverage:Mating and fighting in Drosophila.Attachment and social bonding.Impulsivity in rodents and humans.Animal models of cognitive decline.Animal models of social cognition.Future directions for animal models in behavioral genetics.A detailed map of where this evolving field is headed, Animal Models of Behavior Genetics shows geneticists, molecular biologists, and cognitive neuroscientists paths beyond established concepts toward a more knowledgeable and collaborative future.

This comprehensive volume is the first to specifically target developing, adult and diseased neural stem cells. It explores recent advances in the understanding of neural stem cell biology along with strategies that use these cells to tackle neurological diseases and brain aging. Ten inclusive chapters discuss a wide range of topics including neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, demyelinating disease, mood regulation, and spinal cord regeneration, among others.Written by world-renowned scientists in the field, Neural Stem Cells in Development, Adulthood and Disease presents cutting-edge studies of interest to both established neurogenesis researchers and readers with general interests in nervous system science. It is an authoritative addition to the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series.