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This volumes provides protocols and methodology for understanding starch and its practical applications. Chapters guide readers through starch granule morphology, transmission electron microscope,amylose, amylopectin, chromatographic methods, X-rays by crystals,physical modification methods, and provides a comprehensive discussion of enzymatic modifications of starch. ritten in the format of the Methods and Protocols in Food Science series, the chapters include an introduction to the respective topic, list necessary materials and reagents, detail well-established and validated methods for readilyreproducible laboratory protocols, and contain notes on how to avoid or solve typical problems. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Standardized Procedures and Protocols for Starch aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This book reviews key advances and new fundamentals in genetics. The increasing importance of genetic approaches in diverse areas of biology and medical sciences constantly requires in-depth information on genetic discoveries and research strategies for advanced graduate-level students as well as current researchers. This book focuses on genetic studies of various animal model systems and their major contributions to establishing modern genetics. Information covered in this book is mostly based on original research papers that extend from classical to modern genetics and applications. The contents are organized into four parts. Part I introduces fundamental concepts and experimental strategies in classical genetics. Part II discusses molecular genetics with transposons, transgenesis, clonal analysis, and gene editing technologies. Part III emphasizes epigenetic regulation of genome organization and gene expression. Part IV integrates earlier parts with landmark genetic studies on non-coding RNAs in dosage compensation, programmed cell death, growth control related to cancer, and behavioral neurobiology.

The objective of the book is to show the complementarity and integration of food and non-food value chains for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. One current challenge facing industry and the economy is to meet the needs of a growing world population while preserving the environment. The use of fossil energy resources for several decades has generated a decrease in reserves of these resources, together with a phenomenon of global warming due to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. More and more industrial sectors, including the chemical industry, are replacing fossil carbon with renewable carbon. The bioeconomy consists in using renewable biological resources to produce food, materials, and energy. A bioeconomy based on the green chemistry and biotechnologies is developing worldwide, as a lever for reducing the ecological footprint of human activities. The book is articulated around six parts, each dedicated to a keystone of the interface betweengreen chemistry and Agro-Food Industry.

Industrial crops offer farmers new market opportunities to increase their revenue by producing high-value products, focusing on fiber, forest, and energy crops, industrial oilseeds, rubber and resins, pharmaceuticals, and more. Technological innovations in agriculture have facilitated higher yields, but conserving crop genetic resources and diversity remains crucial for sustainable agricultural production. This poses a challenge that can be addressed through modern tools of biotechnology and genomics, utilizing the wealth of sequenced plant genomes. This book addresses the need for knowledge in managing the risks and conservation of genetic diversity associated with advanced technology. It provides comprehensive coverage of plant genomics and biotechnology, catering to post-graduate students, researchers, employees of seed and biotechnology companies, as well as instructors in plant genetics, breeding, and biotechnology fields.

This volume provides detailed information on various laboratory techniques and methodologies used for studying viruses at the molecular level. It covers essential topics such as nucleic acid isolation, protein isolation, PCR-based techniques, western blotting, serological assays, immunoprecipitation, small interfering RNA (siRNA), histological methods, bioinformatics and in silico simulations. Each chapter provides a detailed overview of the techniques, their applications, and their significance in virus research. The book is a useful resource as a practical introductory note that could be used for hands-on training of students, both undergraduates and junior postgraduates.

Naturstoffe sind ein Wunderwerk der Evolution. Pflanzen sind chemische Fabriken und haben mit ihren außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften eine riesige Anzahl sehr vielfältiger interessanter Naturstoffe hervorgebracht, die wir Menschen seit Jahrhunderten zur Linderung und Heilung von Krankheiten nutzen. Spätestens seit der Entdeckung des Penicillins sind Naturstoffe zu einer wichtigen Quelle für Medikamente geworden, aber wir kennen nur sehr wenige der vermutlich vielen Millionen, die auf ihre Entdeckung warten. Zu den Naturstoffen gehören wichtige Antibiotika, Immunsuppressiva, Antikrebsmittel, Hormone und auch antivirale Wirkstoffe. Aber haben Naturstoffe im Zeitalter der Bio- und Gentechnologie überhaupt noch eine Bedeutung? Ja, mehr denn je, denn Medizinalchemiker holen sich kreative Anregungen für ihre Synthesen aus der Natur, um den nächsten Blockbuster in der Medizin zu entwickeln. Oliver Kayser erzählt in diesem Buch die Geschichte der Naturstoffe und Medizinpflanzen auf höchst informative und amüsante Weise aus einem neuen Blickwinkel. Er geht der Frage nach, wie Naturstoffe aus der Naturheilkunde die pharmazeutische Industrie ins Leben riefen, wie sie als Arznei- und Heilmittel unsere Gesellschaft prägten, wie sie Kriege ermöglichten und den Weg zu Nobelpreisen ebneten. Der Autor zeichnet ein faszinierendes Panorama der Naturstoffchemie in Pflanzen, Mikroorganismen und Tieren. Beginnend mit den ersten Isolierungen zu Anfang der industriellen Revolution führt er uns mit den Ideen und der Begeisterung vieler Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in die Moderne der Wirkstofftests, der Computerchemie und der höchst erfolgreichen Zufallsentdeckungen von Wirkstoffen. Die Naturstoffforschung im Labor hat einen enormen Einfluss auf unser heutiges Leben. Der Autor lässt sich über die Schulter schauen, wie heute die Suche nach den neuen Medikamenten von morgen funktioniert. Das Buch ist das ultimative Buch aus der Feder eines Wissenschaftlers, der tief in der Forschung verwurzelt ist und dem Leser einen erhellenden und zugleich kurzweiligen Einblick gibt, wie Wissenschaftler ticken und wie mühsam Forschung sein kann.

This is an open access book. ICOSEAT 2022 was held on July 21–23, 2022 in Bangka Island, one of the wonderful places of Indonesia. Articles in the field of Agroindustry and Appropriate Technology 4.0; Environmental and Mining Engineering; Sustainable Development and Tourism Management; Agriculture and Food Engineering; and Marine, Aquaculture and Biological Science. ICOSEAT provides a forum for Academic, Business and Government to present and discuss topics on recent development in those fields.

Synthetic plastic offers a wide range of utilities because of its physico-chemical properties, thus the demand for its commercial availability and generation of waste is inevitable. Although the scientists have proved over the years that plastics can be efficiently biodegraded by different potential microorganisms, this sustainable green technology is still in the cocoon phase and overlooked by the industry and government as well. Therefore, this book will showcase the cutting-edge microbial tools to mitigate the plastic waste sustainably in consideration of latest technologies and recent strategic advancements besides discussing the global plastic production and their impacts on environment. It will also provide the present status and future perspectives of the environmental clean-up technologies. Moreover, it is an effort to ascertain the potential areas for large-scale biodegradation or pilot scale or start-up ventures in the field of plastic remediation strategy.

This essential is intended as a compact reference for issues and aspects related to the innovative training technology of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS). In addition to background and information on WB-EMS application, in which the authors pay particular attention to safe and effective use, there is a current overview of research results summarizing the effects of WB-EMS on various target outcomes. Finally, a characterization of the market situation, current trends and a forecast of developments in the field of WB-EMS is presented.

Emergence of lifestyle diseases, e.g., type II diabetes, cancers, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, liver cirrhosis, etc., are exponentially increasing day by day. Modern drifts toward the utilization of herbal medicines in different healthcare aspects necessitate (demand) the replacement of synthetic molecules with phytoconstituents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, economic extraction process, and ready availability from the natural source. This book provides a thorough insight into the comprehensive and up-to-date trends of phytomedicines in the management of lifestyle diseases and its mechanisms, modern methods of extraction and purification of phytoconstituents, and chemical characterization as well as standardization of phytoconstituents using modern equipments.

This book serves as an excellent comprehensive material covering the current understandings and updates on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the use of medicinal plant resources for tackling it. Chapters cover important aspects of AMR and strategies to address this threatening issue with medicinal plants and their resources. One health perspectives for addressing AMR have been presented for the readers. Antimicrobial medicinal plant therapeutic resources including crude extracts, active fractions, pure molecules and essential oils, besides using them as functionalizing agents for nano-antimicrobials have been covered. Further, plant endophytes as a source of antimicrobial compounds have been discussed. Chapters cover both the bactericidal as well as resistance-reversal (or potentiating/ combinatorial therapies) potencies of medicinal plant resources. The book also focuses on how medicinal plant resources effectively target major determinants of AMR. Use of metabolomics in understanding and targeting AMR mechanisms and identifying potent phyto-therapeutics has been discussed as well. The book is a valuable read for both experienced and younger researchers working in the field of AMR and related fields in biomedicine, pharmacy, and clinical research.

This book focuses on the various applications of microorganisms for sustainable environment and the reduction of hazardous pollutants released in various forms, including xenobiotics, e-waste, pesticides, insecticides, plastic, heavy metals, paper waste, medical waste, textile dyes, and their impact on environmental and human health. The book involves a series of research reports that explain the application of microbes used to solve real-life issues raised due to changes happening in environment, including pollution, by covering applications, including the use of bacteria, fungi, microalgae and biofilm in the detection and degradation of crude oil, pesticides, dyes, e-waste, heavy metals and other pollutants. It also focuses on integrative strategies in the application of microbial nanomaterials for remediation of pollutant. This material will help environmental scientists and microbiologists to learn about existing environmental problems and suggest novel ways to control or contain their effects by employing various treatment approaches.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction and review of state-of-the-art biotechnological tools in enhancement of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant bioactive compounds are plant-based natural products that display a variety of pharmacological applications. These bioactive compounds are important as medicines, pigments, flavorings and drugs because most of the pharmaceutical industries are highly dependent on medicinal plants and their extraction. The book introduces a systematic overview of state-of-the-art biotechnological techniques such as Omics, Crisper /Cas9 and RNAi to enhance the plant bioactive contents as well as enlists various in vitro techniques, hairy root culture and transgenic technology to enhance plant bioactive contents using plant tissue culture approaches. The book also provides an overview of the role of induced mutation, biotic and abiotic stress to increase the bioactive contents in plants and discusses the significant role of endophytes to enhance the contents of plant bioactive compound. The book also opens discussions related to standard operating procedures using hydroponics system of cultivation for significant enhancement of bioactive compound(s) and much more. This book serves as an excellent reference book for the researchers working in the field of plant secondary metabolites and pharmaceutical industries at global level.

In diesem Buch erfahren Sie und Ihre Kinder mit einfachen Experimenten die erstaunliche Wunderwelt der Natur. Was steckt hinter dem Lotus-Effekt? Mit Kohlrabi-Blättern kriegen Sie es raus. Fleischfressende Pflanzen mit Gummibärchen füttern? Geht! Aber warum? Bestimmen Sie die Luftgüte Ihrer Umgebung, eines Parks oder Waldes mit dem selbst gebastelten Flechtenraster. Schnell werden Sie zum Experten der wunderbaren und nützlichen Flechten. Unsichtbare Mikroorganismen eines Sees werden mit einem Laserpointer als tierisches Gewimmel sichtbar – ganz ohne Mikroskop! Die „dunkle“ Seite der Natur entdecken Sie mit einer einfachen UV-Taschenlampe und lassen Gemüse, Pflanzen, Moose, Pilze, Algen, Krebse und Muscheln in bunten Farben leuchten. Eine rot leuchtende Grusel-Paprika zu Halloween? Ja! Eine erforschende Nachtwanderung am Strand? Hurra! Großer Experimentier-Spaß für Drinnen und Draußen für die ganze Familie. Das Buch ist der ideale Begleiter auf Wanderungen und Urlaubsreisen – damit kommen Sie der Natur ein Stückchen näher. Mit zahlreichen Farbfotos, vielen anschaulichen Grafiken und 14 spektakulären Videos. Also: Ab in die Natur!

Living organisms are distinguished by their chemical basis. Thus, knowledge of the properties of the elements and the interactions of the resulting compounds is a prerequisite for understanding biology.Chemistry answers the questions of why, among the more than 100 elements of the periodic table (PSE), carbon and not silicon is the dominant element in biology and why precious metals, such as gold and silver, do not play a role. The PSE provides information about why phosphoric acid and not sulfuric acid acts as a bridge in polynucleic acids and why DNA had to evolve from RNA. At the same time, only chemistry makes clear why D-glucose is so central in building biopolymers such as cellulose and glycogen, and why the citrate cycle is logically self-contained and without alternative. Biochemistry is also a synthesis chemistry that differs from'man-made'synthesis chemistry'only'in terms of the framework conditions. Individuals are selected from the multitude of elements of the PSE and the almost infinite number of chemical compounds. The selection is based on the environmental conditions on Earth, such as moderate temperatures, preferably atmospheric pressure, solvent water and as primary reaction partner oxygen.The hypothesis is developed that the guiding principle of modern biology, the theory of evolution, has its roots in the underlying chemistry. This turns Darwinism from its biological head to its chemical feet. For example, the effect of phenols as radical scavengers is a priori chemical, before biological phenomena could evolve from it as differences in distinction in colored flowering plants. The book develops a completely new, chemistry-centered view of'animate nature'and challenges a changed, biologically oriented didactics of chemistry in schools and universities.

This book provides the most valuable and updated research on computational and mathematical models in biological systems from influential researchers around the world and contributes to the development of future research guidelines in this topic. Topics include (but are not limited to): modeling infectious and dynamic diseases; regulation of cell function; biological pattern formation; biological networks; tumor growth and angiogenesis; complex biological systems; Monte Carlo methods; Control theory, optimization and their applications

This book summarizes the recent research development concerning olive oil wastewater management: characterization, environmental impact, recovery and treatment. The book combines different chapters on the management of olive oil rejects using simple techniques with low investment and operating costs. The main focus of the book is:- Diagnosis, impacts of olive oil waste, and regulations- The valorization of the margins and the olive waste- Wastewater treatment and recovery- Evaluation of investments and operating costs of treatment techniques- Shaped by experience, the authors present their view and approach to each focus area of managing liquid and solid waste produced by crushing units.

This book provides a comprehensive reference for various plant bioactive compounds for research and pharmacological significance across the entire spectrum of phytochemical genomics. The book opens with general information on diversity, analysis and genomic basis of phytochemicals, computational approaches, databases for responsible genes, and biosynthetic pathways, and it delves very much into the details behind phytochemical diversity and diverse roles of plant metabolites. The later parts of the book also explore the direct drug discovery and omics approaches including metabolomics, transcriptomics, as well as gene editing technology experiments to further inspire readers into its unlimited potentials. Each chapter includes detailed analysis and relevant experiments for better and deeper understanding of the concepts. The book will be an invaluable aid for medicinal plant researchers and a rich source of information and advice for advanced undergraduates and graduates in the fields of medicine, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, flavor, and fragrance studies.

This open access volume is a collection of full papers based on the peer-reviewed presentations accepted for the European Researchers in Didactics of Biology, ERIDOB 2022 conference. ERIDOB aims to bring together researchers in didactics of Biology from Europe and around the world to share and discuss their research work and results. It is the only major international conference whose focus lies exclusively on biology education research, and all the papers are written by international researchers from across Europe (and beyond) which report on a range of contemporary biology education research projects. They are all entirely new papers describing new research in the field. Each paper has been peer-reviewed by experienced biology education researchers and the members of the ERIDOB Academic Committee. The selected papers are collated within the following categories of biology education: · Teaching Strategies and Learning Environments · Students'Knowledge, Conceptions, Values, Attitudes and Motivation · Outdoor and Environmental Education · Biology Teachers'Professional Development By providing a collection of new research findings from many countries, this book is a great resource for researchers and practitioners such as school, college and university biology teachers'around the world. It is useful for training biology teachers and therefore valuable to teacher training institutions.

This open access text aims at giving you the simplest possible introduction to differential equations that are used in models of electrophysiology. It covers models at several spatial and temporal scales with associated numerical methods. The text demonstrates that a very limited number of fundamental techniques can be used to define numerical methods for equations ranging from ridiculously simple to extremely complex systems of partial differential equations. Every method is implemented in Matlab and the codes are freely available online. By using these codes, the reader becomes familiar with classical models of electrophysiology, like the cable equation, the monodomain model, and the bidomain model. But modern models that have just started to gain attention in the field of computational electrophysiology are also presented. If you just want to read one book, it should probably not be this one, but if you want a simple introduction to a complex field, it is worth considering the present text.

This book provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of oral biochemistry by explaining the role of basic biochemistry and dentistry concepts and identifying their metabolic processes of soft tissues that comprise oral and maxillofacial anatomy. The book also discusses how metabolic abnormalities are related to the development of oral diseases. Readers will gain a comprehensive perspective on a variety of oral conditions and related metabolic abnormalities. Individual chapters are focused on crucial topics such as enamel, dentine, saliva, fluoride, and many more. The importance of evidence-based explanation and case study details are also highlighted. Oral biochemistry is the first book to be devoted entirely to this area, and it will be of interest to researchers, students, and practitioners.

The textbook is designed to provide a'non-intimidating'entry to the field of mathematical biology. It is also useful for those wishing to teach an introductory course. Although there are many good mathematical biology texts available, most books are too advanced mathematically for most biology majors. Unlike undergraduate math majors, most biology major students possess a limited math background. Given that computational biology is a rapidly expanding field, more students should be encouraged to familiarize themselves with this powerful approach to understand complex biological phenomena. Ultimately, our goal with this undergraduate textbook is to provide an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of mathematical biology in a way that does not overly terrify an undergraduate biology major, thereby fostering a greater appreciation for the role of mathematics in biology

This textbook is an introductory guide to applied machine learning, specifically for biology students. It familiarizes biology students with the basics of modern computer science and mathematics and emphasizes the real-world applications of these subjects. The chapters give an overview of computer systems and programming languages to establish a basic understanding of the important concepts in computer systems. Readers are introduced to machine learning and artificial intelligence in the field of bioinformatics, connecting these applications to systems biology, biological data analysis and predictions, and healthcare diagnosis and treatment. This book offers a necessary foundation for more advanced computer-based technologies used in biology, employing case studies, real-world issues, and various examples to guide the reader from the basic prerequisites to machine learning and its applications.

This is an open access book.Molecular biology has given a great impact in life science investigation. The advances in molecular biology over the last several decades have boosted research and product development in many disciplines of life science, including Biotechnology and Pharmacy. This advances comprise: (1) the progression of more sophisticated techniques in molecular biology with a broad, interdisciplinary applications; (2) the expanding flow of information of technical novelties and scientific discoveries across scientific community; and (3) the development of more sophisticated software and continuously updated databases. This has changed the rationale and approach of experimentations giving rise to revolutionizing discoveries in many fields od science. It has become evident that the deregulation of molecular processes in body is associated with, and in certain circumstances is the direct cause of, a wide range of pathological conditions. It is necessary to mention the biomedical relevance of molecular biology-related investigations for drug discovery and the development of a more personalized medicine. Given the rapidly changing and continuously evolving nature of the molecular biology field, we can anticipate that the revolutionary impact of molecular biology in life sciences is only at the beginning and is far from being finished. To highlight the rapidly growing research and product development in the field of Biotechnology and Pharmacy, the 4th International Conference on Natural Resources and Life Sciences (NRLS)” themed Biotechnology- and pharmacy-driven research and product development is presented. Following the successful program of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd NRLS, we intend to hold the next two-day conference along with a one-day optional workshop in 4th NRLS, as a scientific forum for biotechnology and pharmacy researchers and product developers to discuss the recent advances in the fields and their application. It isa great pleasure to invite you to the forthcoming 4th NRLS Conference, which will be held virtually, on August 24th-25th 2022, and the following onsite workshop on August 26th, 2022.

This book overviews purinergic receptors that are playing key roles in human and pathophysiological processes. The book elaborates on how selective P1 and P2 modulators have been developed as therapeutics for a variety of diseases. It also provides an overview of current perspectives in the design of purinergic receptor modulators and future challenges such as the availability of selective ligands for all receptor subtypes.Divided into 12 chapters, this comprehensive volume also offers a multidisciplinary perspective on the historical evolution, starting with a chapter devoted to the roots and early discoveries of adenosine and its receptors, followed by a twenty-year retrospective on the synthesis, properties, and functional potential of adenosine receptor ligands, probes, and functional conjugates. In the next chapters, experts in the field delve into topics such as the therapeutic potential of adenosine receptor ligands in wound healing and fibrosis, the therapeutic benefits of A2A receptor antagonists, the A2B adenosine receptor as a target for brain ischemia or demyelination, the development and latest advancements in clinical trials of A3 adenosine receptor ligands. Other chapters describe bifunctional tools to study adenosine receptors, allosteric modulators of adenosine receptors, and new computational approaches to inspect adenosine receptor-ligand recognition processes. Furthermore, the book discusses the role of P2X4 receptors in immunity and inflammation. The final chapters illustrate CD73 inhibitors as antitumor agents, and bacterial ectonucleotidases as underexplored antibacterial drug targets. This book is a valuable resource for scholars working in the field of medicinal chemistry, as well as researchers in the industry, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of adenosine receptor biology and its therapeutic potential.

This is an open access book.The 6th Biennial Conference of the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) Nigeria, with the theme'Diversity and Innovation in Science for Sustainable Development,'took place from July 2nd to July 6th, 2023. The conference commenced each day at 10 am and kicked off with a Pre-Conference Workshop titled'Equipping Next Generation Researchers.'The event was hosted at the Ebitimi Banigo Auditorium, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and featured a hybrid format, with over 250 participants joining both in-person and virtually.The Conference encompassed nine Session Tracks, each addressing a specific aspect of scientific advancement and development:•Track 1: Digital Technologies in Science and Technology Education.•Track 2: Computational Methods and Scientific Applications.•Track 3: Green Energy and Sustainable Ecosystems.•Track 4: Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, and Nanotechnology.•Track 5: Smart Farming, Agricultural Processes, and Food Security.•Track 6: Environment, Climate Change, and Innovative Solutions.•Track 7: Medical and Biomedical Research.•Track 8: Engineering, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence Research.•Track 9: Social Science and Arts in Science and Medicine.These specialized tracks allowed participants to explore a wide range of topics and engage in fruitful discussions, fostering knowledge exchange and collaboration, and contributing to the overarching goal of promoting diversity and innovation in science for sustainable development, with a focus on encouraging women's participation in STEM fields.

Die Naturwissenschaft beschäftigt sich mit denselben großen Fragen wie Religion und Philosophie. Dabei verlässt sie sich jedoch nicht auf menschliche Vorlieben, Eingebung oder Logik, sondern erforscht unvoreingenommen die Natur. Ihr ewiges Hinterfragen, Testen und Korrigieren ist ehrlicher und demütiger, als veraltete Weltanschauungen und Konzepte kritiklos als „Palliativbehandlung“ gegen Ängste und Sorgen zu akzeptieren. Die Existenz von Atomen und Naturgesetzen ist keineswegs gleichbedeutend mit einer „Entzauberung“ des Lebens oder dem Verlust aller „erhabenen“ Gefühle - nur weil wir nicht mit Unwahrheiten um uns werfen dürfen. Die Natur hält spannendere und faszinierendere Wunder und Rätsel für uns bereit, als alle Formen von zusammenhangslosem Aberglaube, Mystizismus oder Verschwörungstheorien:Was geschah beim Urknall und welche Form hat das Universum? Sind wir allein im Universum?Was hat es mit der geheimnisvollen dunklen Energie auf sich? Warum altern wir in der Nähe Schwarzer Löcher langsamer? Und was ist eigentlich eine Weltformel, nach der alle so verzweifelt suchen?Zweifeln ist keine Schwäche, sondern eine ganz besondere Stärke. Ohne die Fähigkeit Fehler zu erkennen und die Bereitschaft, sich immer wieder selbst zu korrigieren, kämen wir der Wahrheit niemals näher. In ihrer kreativen Unvoreingenommenheit lehnen Naturwissenschaftler überirdische Schöpfer unseres Universums nicht kategorisch ab. Sie wollen einfach nur wissen, was wirklich stimmt.

The book provides a multidisciplinary outlook on using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based solutions in the field of Personalized Medicine and its transitioning towards Personalized Digital Medicine.The first section integrates different perspectives on AI-based solutions and highlights their potential in biomedical research and patient care. In the second section, the authors present several real-world examples that demonstrate the successful use of AI technologies in various contexts. These include examples from digital therapeutics, in silico clinical trials, and network pharmacology. In the final section of the book, the authors explore future directions in AI-enhanced biomedical technologies and discuss emerging technologies such as blockchain, quantum computing and the “metaverse”. The book includes discussions on the ethical, regulatory, and social implications for an AI-based personalized medicine. The integration of heterogeneous disciplines brings together multiple stakeholders and decision makers involved in the personalization of care. Clinicians, students, and researchers from academia and the industry can benefit from this book, since it provides foundational knowledge to drive advances in personalized biomedical research and health care.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between pantheism and ecology, particularly considering different cultural approaches and diverse religious, theological, and philosophical traditions. Environmental ethics arises from the dangerousness and harmfulness of human beings with respect to nonhuman species and, more generally, with respect to the environment. A common starting point for environmental ethics standpoints is that human beings are responsible for damaging nature. The famous four laws of ecology drafted by Barry Commoner precisely express this guilt on the part of human beings, who very often voluntarily violate the behavioral indications that emerge from nature itself. These aspects concern environmental ethics outlooks. Eco-theology, then, takes a further step: not only do we damage the ecosystem but also, as many authors suggest, when we humans destroy the natural world, we are wounding God. Such an idea implies a possible coincidence of God with the natural world –or the ecosystem. From this assumption, different questions may emerge: what is the kind of coincidence between God and the natural world? Are God and the ecosystem coextensive? If so, are we re-sacralizing the natural world and grounding intrinsic values in theological postulates and statements? These questions lead us to reconsider the cosmological assumptions that ground our environmental judgements, from theology to different religious traditions and cultures to philosophical worldviews. In particular, we will focus on the cosmological assumptions of pantheism (considering its differences with panentheism), discussing the symmetrical (or asymmetrical) relationships between God and the finite ways in which God manifests Godself.In this regard, the book is divided into three main parts: in the first part, the question of pantheism is approached from different traditions and with a special focus on the main thinkers in the history of thought, from Greek Stoicism to the present day. In the second part, some current ecological concerns are considered in relation to pantheistic cosmology: the authors will deepen issues from the discussion of the different “pan-conceptions” to the problem of evil, to Anthropocene. Finally, in the third part, the different chapters will focus on ethical issues in the field of the current environmental crisis with a huge connection with the pantheistic cosmologies. This book is oriented to a wide public, interested in environmental issues and looking for an approach from different cultures and traditions. Evidently, due to its “academic” nature, this book is also intended to be a great support for researchers interested in eco-theology and, more specifically, in the relationship between pantheism and ecology.It is not, in this sense, a “classic” book on environmental ethics, but a book that delves into the fundamentals of environmental philosophy, privileging the Ibero-American approach.

This new volume of the book series Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology provides a complete and exhaustive overview of the morphofunctional organization of the mammalian carotid body, a polymodal chemosensory organ responsible for the maintenance of blood gas homeostasis. The authors review the state of the art of the neurochemical anatomy of carotid body´s cell populations with a special reference to their structural and neurochemical plasticity. The essential role of this organ in the generation, progression and maintenance of cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases in humans and other mammals is presented. Finally, the book summarizes current knowledge on the stem cell niche in the mammalian carotid body and discusses its contribution to replacement cell therapy and other potential applications in translational research. This book represents an essential reading for physiologists, anatomists, cell, and developmental biologists, as wellas physicians, veterinarians, and biomedical researchers.

This book reviews all important aspects of Microbial sustainability in food production and food safety with the aim of shedding new light on these microbes through combined understanding of traditional and novel paradigms. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which reinterprets fundamentals of food microbiology, examining the beneficial aspects of microorganisms in food and microbial responses from food environments and preservation. The second section discusses recent advances in understanding of the sustainable food production, covering, for example, agriculturally important microbes, farming microbes, and fermentation. A wide range of bio-factory issues in food production are also addressed, before turning attention to contemporary food safety approaches in the context of novel assessment methods for microbiological food characterization, improving food safety and food quality, etc. The final section is devoted to public health and its importance of microorganisms in food processing as well as the economic importance of microorganisms as this is also an increasingly important area as we move toward microbial research advances.

This book provides a meticulous view on methodological drug discovery and development insights from bench to bedside. The current book threads almost each step encompassing drug the discovery and development of a molecule. The chapters focus on computational modus operandi, pharmacological optimization approaches, modern high-throughput screening methods and in-vitro procedures, role of structural biologists in drug discovery and development, medicinal chemistry approaches for drug design, formulation and drug delivery, in-vivo evaluations of candidate molecules, clinical trial procedures and others. The book also covers specific case studies, regulatory approval proceedings, and industrial view point alongside the aforementioned conceptual layout. And at the same time, the volume integrates medical, biological, medicinal, pharmacological and computational streams, and it is suggested as an ideal guideline to a wide audience including molecular biologists, biochemist, pharmacologists, medicinal chemist, toxicologists, drug discovery and development researchers, and all other students interested in these disciplines.

Plant bioactive compounds are plant-based natural products that display a variety of pharmacological applications. These bioactive compounds are important as medicines, pigments and flavorings since most of the pharmaceutical industries are highly dependent on medicinal plants and their extraction. The types and concentrations of bioactive compounds produced by plants are determined by the species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage and environmental factors during growth, determining the physiological adaptive responses employed by various plant taxonomic groups in coping with the stress and defensive stimuli. In the past two decades there has been a renewed interest in the study of conventional aspects such as elicitors and biotic and abiotic stress factors that influence secondary metabolism during in vitro and in vivo growth of plants. the application of molecular biology tools and techniques are facilitating increased understanding of the signaling processes and pathwaysinvolved in the bioactive compounds production in subcellular, cellular, organ and whole plant systems during in vivo and in vitro growth, with application in the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways intermediates. Biosynthesis and Manipulation of Bioactive compounds in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants provides a comprehensive introduction and review of the state-of-the-art biotechnological tools used in enhancement of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. Readers will find a systematic overview of techniques such as Omics, Crisper /Cas9 and RNAi to enhance plant bioactive contents including various in vitro techniques, hairy root culture and transgenic technology to enhance plant bioactive contents using plant tissue culture approaches. The chapters provide an overview of the role of induced mutation, biotic and abiotic stress to increase the bioactive contents in plants, plus the role of endophytes to enhance the contents of plant bioactive compounds and standard operating procedures using hydroponics system of cultivation for significant enhancement of bioactive compounds.This book serves as a single source for researchers working in plant secondary metabolites and the pharmaceutical industry.

This book explains the potential value of microbiome and microbiome composition associated with human health and diseases. The opening chapters describe the current state of knowledge regarding the human microbiome structure, function, and diversity. The mechanisms of action and the various putative uses of human microbiome are then examined specific to healthy and disease conditions. Readers will find detailed information on its manipulation of human microbiome studies as well as its applied and translational aspects in the current field. The latest knowledge on probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics is presented, and specific cases to date are discussed. This book features knowledge from leading researchers working on different aspects of the human microbiome and its manipulation for better health. Overall, this book is an excellent source for microbiome researchers and students from all levels seeking the most up-to-date advancements in the field and also to point toward the future directions.

This book updates knowledge on recent advances in computational, biophysical and bioinformatics tools/techniques and their practical applications in modern drug design and discovery paradigm. It also encompasses fundamental principles, advanced methodologies and applications of various CADD approaches including several cutting-edge areas; presenting recent developments covering ongoing trends in the field of computer-aided drug discovery. Having contributions by a global team of experts, the book is expected to be an ideal resource for drug discovery scientists, medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, phytochemists, biochemists, biologists, R&D personnel, researchers, students, teachers and those working in the field of drug discovery. It will fill the knowledge gaps that exist in the current CADD approaches and methodologies/ protocols being widely used in both academic and research practices. Further, a special focus on current status of various computational drug design approaches (SBDD, LBDD, de novo drug design, pharmacophore-based search), bioinformatics tools and databases, computational screening and modeling of phytochemicals/natural products, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and network pharmacology and systems biology would certainly guide researchers, students or readers to conduct their research in the emerging area(s) of interest. It is also expected to be highly beneficial to various stakeholders working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries (R&D), the academic as well as research sectors.

Biotechnology involves an interdisciplinary science that provides an interface between biological, molecular and cellular aspects of living organisms with broad technologies applicable in the fields of health, environment and materials. This book “Biotechnology applied to inflammatory diseases: Cellular mechanisms and nanomedicine” is focused on elaborating especially on two trendy areas from Biotechnology. In this volume, different inflammatory pathologies in terms of cellular and molecular mechanisms are characterized to better understand the science behind current precision medicine. The second part of the book focuses on the main biotechnological advancements for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of various types of inflammatory diseases, highlighting up-to-date contributions of nanomedicine. The reader will be able to explore the utilization of technologies for various inflammatory diseases and will be able to enable an engaging and valuableknowledge for further research and clinically applied scenarios.

This book provides the reader with a thorough understanding of schizophrenia as a complex brain disorder by explaining the various aspects investigated for its cognizance from epigenetics to chemistry and physics to computational approaches. The book covers the key notions of schizophrenia from a variety of facets such as neurogenetics, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, neurobiology, psychotherapy, psychiatric treatment, cognitive studies, behavioral and societal studies, and computational neurosciences. Individual chapters are focused on crucial topics such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, brain functioning, computational neuroscience, neuro-imaging, and many more. This book explains each section and chapter with utmost clarity to maintain comprehensiveness for every kind of reader. This book covers various classical as well as recent topics from basic to advance level knowledge regarding schizophrenia. The book's contributions regarding its inclusivity of topics, comprehensiveness of language, diversity in knowledge, and focus on the subject will attract all kinds of readers. It can be considered a single comprehensive handy reference book for beginners, including medical students, neuroscientists, researchers, clinicians, and medical practitioners. Cognizance of Schizophrenia will be an invaluable asset for all who are involved in neuroscience research or clinical studies.

Das ausschließlich auf den Menschen bezogene Weltbild in den Gesellschaften Europas und Nordamerikas begünstigt bis heute eine exklusive und un-ökologische Sichtweise auf die natürliche Umwelt. In diesem Band wird dafür eine Reihe von Beispielen aufgeführt, die die Umwelt nachhaltig schädigen. Als Ausweg aus diesem Dilemma wird ein Instrumentarium ökologisch-ganzheitlicher Ansätze vorgestellt, das geeignet erscheint, der bestehenden globalen Umweltkrise entgegen zu wirken.

This open access book synthesizes current information on wildland fire smoke in the United States, providing a scientific foundation for addressing the production of smoke from wildland fires. This will be increasingly critical as smoke exposure and degraded air quality are expected to increase in extent and severity in a warmer climate. Accurate smoke information is a foundation for helping individuals and communities to effectively mitigate potential smoke impacts from wildfires and prescribed fires. The book documents our current understanding of smoke science for (1) primary physical, chemical, and biological issues related to wildfire and prescribed fire, (2) key social issues, including human health and economic impacts, and (3) current and anticipated management and regulatory issues. Each chapter provides a summary of priorities for future research that provide a roadmap for developing scientific information that can improve smoke and fire management over the next decade.

This Major Reference Work offers a detailed overview of culturing primary, secondary cell lines, tissues, and organs.It first introduces various types of mammalian cell cultures, infrastructure requirements for a mammalian cell-culture laboratory. The subsequent chapters present the detailed protocols for the isolation of mammalian hematologic organs and cells. It also discusses various cell-based assays for monitoring cell viability, cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cell senescence, and cell death assays.In addition, the book addresses the various problems encountered while culturing animal cells, their possible causes, and suggested solutions, presenting detailed protocols for isolation and primary culturing of various mammalian cells and hematoimmunologic organs in two dimensions.Lastly, it reviews the various applications of animal-cell culture, stem-cell culture, and tissue and organ culture. As such, this reference book is highly relevant for students and professionals new to cell-culture work as well as to those wishing to expand their skills from cell-line cultures to primary cultures and from conventional 2D cultures to 3D cultures.

The Visible Monkey is the first trial to obtain high-quality and real-color sectioned images of a rhesus monkey's whole body (intervals, 0.05 mm (head) and 0.5 mm (body except head); pixel size, 0.024 mm X 0.024 mm; color depth, 48 bits color). This color atlas sets a new standard in rhesus monkey neuroanatomy by presenting around 400 ultrathin sectioned images of the head, including the brain, and whole body of the rhesus monkey. The image enabled observations of detailed anatomical structures, thanks to high-resolution and real-color sectioned images of the monkey unlike the stained sections and magnetic resonance images (MRI). Furthermore, anterior commissure-posterior commissure reference system employed for this purpose is clearly explained for the readers, and structures are fully annotated in the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes. Recent advances in 3 Tesla MRI and tractography from MRI have considerably enhanced imaging of the monkey brain, thereby impacting on both neuroscience research and clinical practice. Moreover, the information gained from initiatives involving photography of thin slices of cross-sectional images includes enriched knowledge of neuroanatomy and thereby facilitated the interpretation of such ultra-high-field resolution images. These exquisite images contained within this atlas will be invaluable in providing both researchers and clinicians with important new insights.

Das vorliegende Essential versteht sich als kompaktes Nachschlagewerk für Fragen und Aspekte rund um die innovative Trainingstechnologie Ganzkörper-Elektromyostimulation (WB-EMS). Neben Hintergründen und Informationen zur WB-EMS Applikation, bei der die Autoren besonderes Augenmerk auf die sichere und effektive Anwendung legen, erfolgt eine aktuelle Übersicht über Forschungsergebnisse, welche die Effekte von WB-EMS auf unterschiedliche Zielgrößen zusammenfasst. Abschließend wird eine Charakterisierung der Marksituation sowie derzeitiger Trends und eine Prognose von Entwicklungen im Spannungsfeld WB-EMS vorgelegt.

Die Autoren entführen uns auch in ihrem neuen Werk in die spannende und vielfältige Welt der Biochemie und Biotechnologie. Das Buch befasst sich mit einer Vielzahl interessanter Fragen und Fakten. Gentechnik – darf man das, soll man das oder muss man das? Die Autoren spüren dem Traum vom Jungbrunnen nach und versuchen Paganinis Geheimnis zu lüften. Sie verblüffen uns, wo alte Handarbeitstechniken plötzlich gefragt sind oder giftige Skorpione sich nützlich machen. Geschrieben in Zeiten, in denen Corona uns beutelt, wurden unsichtbare Feinde, und wie wir uns gegen sie wehren, natürlich nicht ausgespart. Nebenbei wird auch geklärt, was brauner Haut und buntem Obst gemeinsam ist, wie Vitamine in den Kuchen kommen und worin Monets Tragik bestand.

This book provides the latest information on fish lectins from the perspective of inflammation and presents new ideas on the complicated mechanisms of lectin biochemistry and associated interactions. Key features include discussion of mechanisms recently identified to be involving lectin family types, presentation of the latest evidence regarding the molecular approaches in fish lectins, and thorough explanation of the concept of antimicrobial and immunological roles and current understanding of the significance of its disease resistance related studies. Gene expression studies is another important element of the book, and it is proposed that gene editing technology provides gaining attention in the biological role of fish lectin research. Examples of the many lastest molecular approaches, applications and future perspectives in fish lectin specific topics covered in this book include the information right from the basics to the advancements in this area. The book will be a valuable update and resource for both experienced and younger researchers working in the field of lectins and immunology.

This book reviews the relationship between receptors, carbohydrate moieties, and pathogenic surfaces and lectins'pathophysiology of immune responses and examines the mechanisms of action of the molecules for the treatment potentials. Increasing evidence has suggested that lectin-carbohydrate interactions perform important roles in various regulations of immune responses, but much remains to be learned about these crucial properties and their interplay with other molecules. In addition, a better understanding of the structural and functional properties of lectin and the activated immune response will be of critical importance for the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. These key areas are the focus of this book, which documents the latest research findings in the field. Evidence is provided for the various lectin types from animal and plant as well as microbial or marine lectins, and this wide range of molecular knowledge directs us to variousdiseases, including infectious diseases and cancer. In presenting state-of-the-art knowledge on the interactions between lectin and its interactions,the book will help to pave the way for the development of novel targets for the prevention and treatment of many disorders.

Dieser Ratgeber erklärt, wie Forschungsergebnisse aus Universitäten und Hochschulen patentiert und lizenziert oder verkauft werden können. Wichtige Aspekte des Erfindungs-, Patent- und Lizenzrechts werden anhand von Beispielen erläutert.Im ersten Teil werden Fragen beantwortet, was eine patentierbare Erfindung ist und welche Erfindervergütung Forschenden an Hochschulen zusteht. Ausführlich behandelt wird u.a. das Thema, wie Forschungsergebnisse publiziert und trotzdem patentiert werden können.Im zweiten Teil, speziell zum Patentieren, wird gezeigt, wie eine Patentanmeldung aufgebaut ist, wie Patentprüfverfahren ablaufen und was sie kosten. Mit vielen Praxistipps wird erklärt, wie man eine Patentrecherche durchführt und ermittelt, ob ein Patent noch aktiv ist. Zudem wird erläutert, welche Besonderheiten beim Schutz von Erfindungen für medizinische Anwendungen zu beachten sind.Im dritten Teil werden verschiedene vertragliche Lösungen zur Anbahnung sowie zum Abschluss von Lizenz- und anderen Verwertungsvereinbarungen vorgestellt. Häufige Probleme bei der Finanzierung der Weiterentwicklung von Projekten werden adressiert und Lösungen aufgezeigt. Der Schlussteil ist speziell dem Thema der Gründung von akademischen Spin-off-Unternehmen gewidmet. Die aktualisierte und erweiterte 2. Auflage enthält neue Beiträge zu den Themen Software-Schutz und -Lizenzierung und zu den Möglichkeiten, patentgeschützte Technologien weiterzuentwickeln. Neue Beispiele sowie verlinkte Interviews mit Experten illustrieren Best-practice-Fälle.Das Buch eignet sich sowohl als Übersicht für Einsteiger als auch zum gelegentlichen Nachschlagen für gestandene Erfinder. Es richtet sich grundsätzlich an alle Forschenden in den Naturwissenschaften und der Medizin sowie Mitarbeitende des Technologietransfers an Universitäten, Universitätskliniken und Hochschulen. Videos per App: einfach die SN More Media App kostenfrei herunterladen, einBild oder einen Link mit dem Play-Button scannen und sofort das Video auf Smartphone oder Tablet ausspielen.

This book is about relevant recent research topics in understanding aquaculture for practical approaches; aquatic science, engineering, feed and nutrition, immunology and health are reviewed. The book includes information on why certain fish strains differ in disease resistance, all the current data on fish cell populations, the regulation of the response by factors, and the major histocompatibility complex are explained in detail. The book contains the chapters on nutrition, feed and feed additives, ecology, immunology, microbiology, toxicology, biochemistry, nanotechnology, pharmacology, and biotechnology, among other fields of basic and applied research. Over the past era, scientists have recognized the importance of nutrition in maintaining the health of humans and other animal species, including fish. Humans and other terrestrial animals were the focus of previous research on the links between nutrition, immune response, and disease resistance. However, attempts to conduct similar studies using fish have met with limited success in the last two decades due to a lack of understanding of the immune response in fish. In most facilities, the animals are kept at relatively high densities, causing stress and disease problems are the challenges that we face today and this book opens up the exciting new area of research to truly understand the relationship between fish genetics and immune reactivity. The aquatic immune system turns out to be a crucial reference as aquatic products are increasingly used as model systems for vertebrate immune systems. This book provides that the research students and scientists with a useful text on the latest knowledge of the aquatic feed and nutrition, immune system, cutting-edge technologies, draws everyone's attention to the practice of small-scale aquaculture and provides a guide on how to responsibly use the water ecosystem and the steps needed to develop, test and market fish vaccines. The chapters will serve as introductions to these fields and up-to-date reviews of recent research advances. This book is intended for a wide range of readers, including nutritionists, disease specialists, feed formulators, students, extension specialists, and farmers, as well as university teachers, graduates and doctoral students in zoology, physiology, aquaculture, and biology in general.

In diesem Open-Access-Buch werden verschiedene Erfahrungen vorgestellt, die im Bienenprojekt „BEEsy Mission“ der Hochschule Pforzheim gesammelt wurden. Zukünftigen Projektverantwortlichen wird eine Hilfestellung bei der institutionellen Etablierung und Haltung von Bienen gegeben.Das Buch befasst sich unter anderem mit den Fragestellungen und Herausforderungen, die im Projektkonzept berücksichtigt werden sollten. Es wird erläutert, wie mittels der Durchführung eines derartigen Nachhaltigkeitsprojektes die Interdisziplinarität und das praktische Lernen gefördert werden können.

Get a feel for biology with hands-on activities Biology Workbook For Dummies is a practical resource that provides you with activities to help you better understand concepts in biology. Covering all the topics required in high school and college biology classes, this workbook gives you the confidence you need to ace the test and get the grade you need. Physiology, ecology, evolution, genetics, and cell biology are all covered, and you can work your way through each one or pick and choose the topics where you could use a little extra help. This updated edition is full of new workbook problems, updated study questions and exercises, and fresh real-world examples that bring even the tough concepts to life. Get extra practice in biology with activities, questions, and exercises Study evolution, genetics, cell biology, and other topics in required biology classes Pass your tests and improve your score in high school or college biology class Demystify confusing concepts and get clear explanations of every ideaGreat as a companion to Biology For Dummies or all on its own, Biology Workbook For Dummies is your practice supplement of choice.

The contributed volume puts emphasis on a superior role of water in (bio)systems exposed to a mechanical stimulus. It is well known that water plays an extraordinary role in our life. It feeds mammalian or other organism after distributing over its whole volume to support certain physiological and locomotive (friction-adhesion) processes to mention but two of them, both of extreme relevance.Water content, not only in the mammalian organism but also in other biosystems such as whether those of soil which is equipped with microbiome or the ones pertinent to plants, having their own natural network of water vessels, is always subjected to a force field.The decisive force field applied to the biosystems makes them biomechanically agitated irrespective of whether they are subjected to external or internal force-field conditions. It ought to be noted that the decisive mechanical factor shows up in a close relation with the space-and-time scale in which it is causing certain specific phenomena to occur.The scale problem, emphasizing the range of action of gravitational force, thus the millimeter or bigger force vs. distance scale, is supposed to enter the so-called macroscale approach to water transportation through soil or plants'roots system. It is merely related to a percolation problem, which assumes to properly inspect the random network architecture assigned to the biosystems invoked. The capillarity conditions turn out to be of prior importance, and the porous-medium effect has to be treated, and solved in a fairly approximate way.The deeper the scale is penetrated by a force-exerting and hydrated agent the more non-gravitational force fields manifest. This can be envisaged in terms of the corresponding thermodynamic (non-Newtonian) forces, and the phenomena of interest are mostly attributed to suitable changes of the osmotic pressure. In low Reynolds number conditions, thus inthe (sub)micrometer distance-scale zone, they are related with the corresponding viscosity changes of the aqueous, e.g. cytoplasmatic solutions, of semi-diluted and concentrated (but also electrolytic) characteristics. For example, they can be observed in articulating systems of mammals, in their skin, and to some extent, in other living beings, such as lizards, geckos or even insects. Through their articulating devices an external mechanical stimulus is transmitted from macro- to nanoscale, wherein the corresponding osmotic-pressure conditions apply.The content of the proposed work can be distributed twofold. First, the biomechanical mammalian-type (or, similar) systems with extraordinary relevance of water for their functioning will be presented, also including a presentation of water itself as a key physicochemical system/medium. Second, the suitably chosen related systems, mainly of soil and plant addressing provenience, will be examined thoroughly. As a common denominator of all of them, it is proposed to look at their hydrophobic and/or (de)hydration effects, and how do they impact on their basic mechanical (and related, such as chemo-mechanical or piezoelectric, etc.) properties. An additional tacit assumption employed throughout the monograph concerns statistical scalability of the presented biosystems which is equivalent to take for granted a certain similarity between local and global system's properties, mostly those of mechanical nature. The presented work's chapters also focus on biodiversity and ecological aspects in the world of animals and plants, and the related systems. The chapters'contents underscore the bioinspiration as the key landmark of the proposed monograph.