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The success of modern-day agriculture lies in the digitalization of agricultural systems. The primary aim of this book is to provide a starting point to understand the fundamentals and design of digital agriculture systems with reference to the enabling technologies that deal with the production, improvement, and protection of crops/plants and livestock. The other associated objectives of this book include the explanation of the design and deployment of IoT-based digital agriculture systems in such a simple way that agriculture students understand straightforwardly. Therefore, this book is an effort to partially fill the gap associated with the understanding of the development and deployment of digital agriculture systems (including both precision and smart farming). We believe that with the provided details of enabling technologies and their usage in digital agriculture systems, agriculture students will find it easier to comprehend the designing of small-/large-scale IoT-based digital agriculture systems. This book provides insight into different technologies, architectures, and case studies that will ultimately help students to understand the concept of Digital Agriculture and its related applications. It enables students to realize the importance of open issues and future challenges of digital agriculture systems.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been sought to be a potential alternative to the current arsenal of antibiotics against undesirable microbes. AMPs synthesized by lactic acid bacteria have attracted significant attention due to their strong activity against a broad range of bacteria including pathogens. The bacteriocin (an AMP) has been known to us since early 1928, a year before penicillin was reported. This is possibly due to their narrower activity compared to antibiotics. However, several AMPs having promising activity have been thoroughly characterized in the past few decades. Renewed interest has developed focusing on industrially important bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. Some of these AMPs are also active against food spoilage and clinically important pathogens. Similar to antibiotics, large-scale intellectual screening is ongoing in the search for novel AMPs with unique properties. Recent research has revealed that AMPs may also play a role in maintaining gut microflora and keeping us protected from food-borne pathogens. The ongoing genomic studies suggest that there may be more such bioactive compounds waiting to be explored. This book provides an overview of the fundamental knowledge accumulated so far regarding the diversity and potential applications of AMPs produced by lactic acid bacteria. This updated reference book on AMPs from lactic acid bacteria is timely, covering the most important achievements in the field and providing the scientific community particularly graduate students, researchers, and clinicians with the latest updates. The goal of this book is to illustrate and detail the findings made so far, debate the state of the art, and draw new perspectives.

This essential is intended as a compact reference for issues and aspects related to the innovative training technology of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS). In addition to background and information on WB-EMS application, in which the authors pay particular attention to safe and effective use, there is a current overview of research results summarizing the effects of WB-EMS on various target outcomes. Finally, a characterization of the market situation, current trends and a forecast of developments in the field of WB-EMS is presented.

This book highlights the science underlying honey, which is central to an understanding of conventional medicine or ingredients of food used mostly in all societies and it is attracting increasing interest among food scientists and professionals worldwide. Honey, wax, propolis and royal jelly also have significant roles in various nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products and this book provides collective information and practical approaches regarding all characteristic features of honey and its applications as functional food and medicines. Not only does this book explain the comprehensive knowledge of honey and its medicinal properties based on current researched evidence, it also explores the contribution of honey in the food science and medicine industry as a significant part of nutraceuticals and functional food research. Written by leading scientists in the field, the book will be a valuable resource for students and researchers in the fields of food chemistry, nutritional science, taste physiology, and neuroscience, as well as for professionals in the food industry.

This book presents research findings on newly discovered pests and diseases that may be impacted by climate change in the tropics; current management techniques including molecular diagnostics, integrated pest management (IPM), and agroecological approach; and recent technological advancements used as preventive and curative approaches to mitigate the effects of plant pests and diseases. Combining the expertise of leading researchers in the various fields, the book provides a useful reference for all relevant stakeholders. The proposed book is prepared with the aim of disseminating the current research development of emerging pests and diseases in the tropics in the era of climate change as well as new and eco-friendly pest and disease management technologies of tropical crops. The book is divided into three parts with sixteen chapters. Part 1: Advances in Tropical Insect Pest Management consists of five chapters describing the discovery, formulations, and applications of nature-based solutions such as natural enemies of insects, insect hormones, botanicals, and microorganisms for sustainable pest management. Part 2: Advances in Tropical Plant Disease Management consists of seven chapters, describing the causal agents of economically important diseases of tropical crops, rapid pathogen detection systems as well as effective and sustainable disease management strategies. Part 3: Advances in Other Tropical Pests Management consists of four chapters detailing the various eco-friendly pest management of vertebrates, mollusks, weeds, and emerging IR4.0 technologies in pest management. Ideas for future volumes on this subject: Volume II would be a follow-up to Volume I. It covers emerging pests and diseases of the tropics in greater depth, with a focus on specific hosts and diseases. Robust pests and disease management technologies utilized in crop protection in tropical areas by the farmers will be discussed as well.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of how to utilize the bioconvergence revolution to substantially enhance research productivity. It carefully addresses critical issues such as ethical dilemmas, collaborative dynamics, funding, and operational efficiency, complete with concrete examples of how to overcome these challenges. Historically, the natural world has served as a profound source of inspiration for technological innovation. The natural materials, structures, and processes found in organisms have facilitated numerous scientific advancements. Presently, the integration of nature with scientific research is intensified through convergence. The book explores this convergence as a multidisciplinary approach that leverages the synergies among digital technologies, material sciences, and biotechnology, aiming to significantly accelerate and broaden the scope of scientific breakthroughs. This volume provides a scholarly account of the emerging opportunities catalyzed by bioconvergence, emphasizing the necessity for rigorous ethical frameworks and standards as biotechnologies and digital tools converge to explore new frontiers. It delves into the challenges of financing scientific advancement and articulates how funding underpins multidisciplinary research efforts. Featuring Israel as a leader in this revolutionary field, the book meticulously outlines the Israeli ecosystem as a paradigm of innovation in bioconvergence. This work possesses a broad interdisciplinary appeal, making it an essential resource for researchers in both industry and academia, as well as for scholars and funding bodies dedicated to the advancement of science.

This operations manual offers an accessible, step-by-step guide to launching, running, and achieving success with a life science and biotechnology business incubator. Written by the founder and President Emeritus of the Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center (PABC), one of the most successful biotech and drug discovery incubators in the United States, it is designed to introduce researchers and funders to the broad considerations and minute details of managing an incubation program.As of 2023, there are more than 1100 business incubators in the United States alone, and more than 5000 worldwide. One of the fastest-growing industries of the'new economy,'science business incubators are a tool for regional economic stimulation and commercial development for universities and research organizations. The PABC was founded in 2006 as a state-of-the-art research facility; its purpose and operation is unusual and its success has been remarkable. It was created by the nonprofit Hepatitis BFoundation and its research arm, the Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, to help their effort to find a cure for hepatitis B. But it has proved to be more than a source of funding for those nonprofits – it has become a major economic driver for its region and Pennsylvania, creating thousands of jobs and bringing in billions of dollars to the local economy. The PABC's model has drawn attention from economists, legislators, and the research community. The strategy of bringing nonprofit research organizations and biotech startups under one roof was a founding principle, and has created powerful, lasting collaborations between scientific innovators, entrepreneurs and investors. The partnerships forged at the PABC have led to the discovery, testing, and FDA approval of new drugs for cancer and gastrointestinal diseases and medical devices, as well as multiple multimillion-dollar IPOs, and thousands of jobs. There are currently more than 50 startups housed in the Center's offices, ranging in focusfrom pharmaceuticals and diagnostics, to medical wearables and nanomedicine research.Curing Disease from the Ground Up: How to Operate a Biotechnology Business Incubator tells both a personal story about the ups and downs of leveraging a business incubator to fund and find a cure for a deadly disease, as well as providing a practical guide to running a business incubator. It is a first-hand, expert perspective for running a science business incubator, and explains how the success of the PABC can be learned and replicated. Whether it is developing a mission-focused framework, the practicalities of managing a scalable, business-savvy research nonprofit, identifying ideal tenant partners, or planning for the infrastructure needs of a large research facility, this manual is the first and last stop for entrepreneurial thinkers in this field.

This book describes the basic concepts and recent advances in new discoveries and technologies related to microbial omics and their role in environmental research and human health. The term'omics'refers to a blend of high-throughput analysis and traditional methods including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics for a variety of applications in the field of life sciences, biomedical sciences, environmental sciences, and related industries. The book aims to fill the existing gap in terms of a comprehensive approach that incorporates recent advances in this dynamic field and provides an answer to why this field requires an interdisciplinary research approach. The focus of this book is on the applications of genomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, integrative omics, machine learning and microbiome research in environmental health, disease, wastewater epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, drug discovery, cancer, production of secondary metabolites of microbial origin, oxidative stress alleviating mechanisms, etc. The overall construction of this book emphasizes three major perspectives, namely, elaborate knowledge from fundamentals to recent advances in technologies about omics in general and its application in microbiology, environment, and health in particular; illustrative figures capable of easy visualization of complex pathways; and serving as a platform for highly demanded bioinformatics strategies including relevant codes, programming scripts, machine learning and use of artificial intelligence strategies needed to streamline the research outcomes. With global contributions from authors from internationally renowned organizations who excel in relevant research, this book will benefit bibliophiles and prospective audiences from the research fraternity, academia, professionals, and experts in the field of life sciences, biomedical as well as industries related to the development of drug design and novel advances in biotechnological applications.

Blockchain is a new type of technology that combines and secures information exchange between different stakeholders such as medical practitioners, patients, healthcare providers, and other applicable parties. Among them, Blockchain Technology is one of the most important areas in the bioinformatics application of biomedical research and healthcare systems utilizing unique requirements and integration features. All the chapters are written by experts and researchers working in various areas of the biomedical and healthcare domain and they also dive into one of the most overlooked methodological, practical, and moral questions to secure and handle the enormous amount of data being generated from IoT-enabled biomedical and healthcare systems. In the beginning, this book presents an overview and then discusses open issues, challenges, and applicability aspect of Blockchain technology in healthcare. Then, this book presents a variety of perspectives on the most pressing questions in the field, for example: how IoT can connect billions of biomedical and healthcare information; how the blockchain-based secure access control mechanisms in biomedical and healthcare work; how to address the Quality-of-Service (QoS) and real-time accessibility requirements for healthcare applications; and how to ensure communication with efficiency. Also, it discusses Blockchain for IoT-enabled healthcare systems and presents a comparative analysis with respect to various performance evaluation metrics too.

The book provides a thorough examination of the crucial connection between diet, cognitive aging, and dementia using a multidisciplinary approach. It dives into the complex area of neurology, illuminating different forms of dementia, their underlying pathophysiology, and the risk factors related to them. It explains the symptoms, diagnoses, and therapies for dementia. The book explores the effects of dietary elements like protein, micronutrients, and superfoods, demonstrating their potential to protect cognitive function. Additionally, it discusses how critical vitamins like D and B12, natural antioxidants, and trace minerals affect dementia risk and development. The book explains the use of conventional herbal medicine as a supplementary strategy to dementia therapy, evaluating its potential efficacy and safety. The book provides evidence-based advice to professionals, physicians, researchers, nutritionists, and healthcare professionals to understand the nutritional requirements to control dementia.

This is an open access book. Leading academic scientists, researchers, professionals and research scholars will be gathered at the 2nd Lawang Sewu International Symposium 2023 in order to exchange experiences and research findings on all every aspect of the conference. It also gives researchers, practitioners, and educators a premier interdisciplinary forum to present and discuss the most recent advancements, concerns, and trends as well as real-world difficulties and challenges encountered and solutions chosen in the areas of medical laboratory sciences.The 2nd Lawang Sewu International Symposium 2023 on Medical Laboratory Sciences for the Medical Laboratory Sciences scope this year theme is Advances in Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology. Symposium will be held on 04 December, 2023 in Semarang, Central Java Indonesia by online. Studies focused on medical laboratory sciences tests/diagnostics are welcome. The papers should be written in English and must meet the criteria including originality, novelty, not yet published.The 2nd Lawang Sewu International Symposium 2023 on Medical Laboratory Sciences program will feature main speaker, invited speakers and oral presentation sessions. The accepted papers will be published in Atlantis Press Proceedings.

This book explains the main problems of industrial wastewater treatments and how they are being treated by innovative biological processes. The need for clean water in developing countries has become difficult to achieve as a result of globalization and industrialization and because of an increase in population, urbanization, and per capita water use. Residential, commercial, industrial, and educational institutions produce immense amounts of wastewater. Wastewater is treated to extract toxins to produce processed effluent by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Most of these innovative treatment systems are membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, and electrochemical approaches, which are strongly committed to offering solutions to help protect public health and the environment. For wastewater treatment, different forms of bioreactors are used which are reliable, cost-efficient, and effective in removing a wide variety of contaminants. This book outlines the capacity of various bioreactors that are most widely used for the treatment of different industrial and domestic wastewater, such as a rotating biological contactor, biological fluidized bed reactor, packed bed reactor, membrane bioreactor, continuous stirred tank bioreactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and photobioreactor, etc. Despite this, the acceptance of these technologies and their commercialization on an industrial scale, the performance is still limited. Therefore, a broader use of cost-effective in situ remedial approaches to natural phenomena like bioremediation is needed. The role of numerous bioreactors in industrial effluent treatment has, including recent developments, also been explored in depth. Furthermore, it includes the operational factors affecting their performances, advances in their architectural design, their amalgamation with the existing setup, scale-up studies, life cycle assessment of those reactors, materials and cost analysis, etc. This information helps the reader to understand the insight into the mechanism, pros and cons, moreover efficient utilization, and commissioning of bioreactors.

The book delves into the role of biosimilars in the field of cancer treatment. It also discusses the application of biosimilars in various cancer types, from colorectal and cervical to prostate, gastric, lung, pancreatic, breast, hepatocellular, ovarian, and blood cancers. It contains chapters that focus on the clinical trials of biosimilars, providing insights into the latest research and developments. This book serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of the intersection between biosimilars and cancer treatment.

This book focuses on the various applications of microorganisms for sustainable environment and the reduction of hazardous pollutants released in various forms, including xenobiotics, e-waste, pesticides, insecticides, plastic, heavy metals, paper waste, medical waste, textile dyes, and their impact on environmental and human health. The book involves a series of research reports that explain the application of microbes used to solve real-life issues raised due to changes happening in environment, including pollution, by covering applications, including the use of bacteria, fungi, microalgae and biofilm in the detection and degradation of crude oil, pesticides, dyes, e-waste, heavy metals and other pollutants. It also focuses on integrative strategies in the application of microbial nanomaterials for remediation of pollutant. This material will help environmental scientists and microbiologists to learn about existing environmental problems and suggest novel ways to control or contain their effects by employing various treatment approaches.

Naturstoffe sind ein Wunderwerk der Evolution. Pflanzen sind chemische Fabriken und haben mit ihren außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften eine riesige Anzahl sehr vielfältiger interessanter Naturstoffe hervorgebracht, die wir Menschen seit Jahrhunderten zur Linderung und Heilung von Krankheiten nutzen. Spätestens seit der Entdeckung des Penicillins sind Naturstoffe zu einer wichtigen Quelle für Medikamente geworden, aber wir kennen nur sehr wenige der vermutlich vielen Millionen, die auf ihre Entdeckung warten. Zu den Naturstoffen gehören wichtige Antibiotika, Immunsuppressiva, Antikrebsmittel, Hormone und auch antivirale Wirkstoffe. Aber haben Naturstoffe im Zeitalter der Bio- und Gentechnologie überhaupt noch eine Bedeutung? Ja, mehr denn je, denn Medizinalchemiker holen sich kreative Anregungen für ihre Synthesen aus der Natur, um den nächsten Blockbuster in der Medizin zu entwickeln. Oliver Kayser erzählt in diesem Buch die Geschichte der Naturstoffe und Medizinpflanzen auf höchst informative und amüsante Weise aus einem neuen Blickwinkel. Er geht der Frage nach, wie Naturstoffe aus der Naturheilkunde die pharmazeutische Industrie ins Leben riefen, wie sie als Arznei- und Heilmittel unsere Gesellschaft prägten, wie sie Kriege ermöglichten und den Weg zu Nobelpreisen ebneten. Der Autor zeichnet ein faszinierendes Panorama der Naturstoffchemie in Pflanzen, Mikroorganismen und Tieren. Beginnend mit den ersten Isolierungen zu Anfang der industriellen Revolution führt er uns mit den Ideen und der Begeisterung vieler Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in die Moderne der Wirkstofftests, der Computerchemie und der höchst erfolgreichen Zufallsentdeckungen von Wirkstoffen. Die Naturstoffforschung im Labor hat einen enormen Einfluss auf unser heutiges Leben. Der Autor lässt sich über die Schulter schauen, wie heute die Suche nach den neuen Medikamenten von morgen funktioniert. Das Buch ist das ultimative Buch aus der Feder eines Wissenschaftlers, der tief in der Forschung verwurzelt ist und dem Leser einen erhellenden und zugleich kurzweiligen Einblick gibt, wie Wissenschaftler ticken und wie mühsam Forschung sein kann.

This book reviews key advances and new fundamentals in genetics. The increasing importance of genetic approaches in diverse areas of biology and medical sciences constantly requires in-depth information on genetic discoveries and research strategies for advanced graduate-level students as well as current researchers. This book focuses on genetic studies of various animal model systems and their major contributions to establishing modern genetics. Information covered in this book is mostly based on original research papers that extend from classical to modern genetics and applications. The contents are organized into four parts. Part I introduces fundamental concepts and experimental strategies in classical genetics. Part II discusses molecular genetics with transposons, transgenesis, clonal analysis, and gene editing technologies. Part III emphasizes epigenetic regulation of genome organization and gene expression. Part IV integrates earlier parts with landmark genetic studies on non-coding RNAs in dosage compensation, programmed cell death, growth control related to cancer, and behavioral neurobiology.

This book conducts research on the evaluation and reduction mechanism of the negative effects of urban Transportation Energy Supply Network (TESN). By analyzing the current supply and demand situation of urban transportation energy supply network, the concept of negative effects of urban transportation energy supply network is defined, and specific definitions and measurement methods of negative effects are proposed. A TESN negative effect reduction mechanism was constructed from three aspects: site layout optimization, site cooperation game, and replenishment vehicle scheduling. The simulation validation of the urban transportation energy supply network was conducted using AnyLogic simulation software.

This book provides insights into the recent developments in the field of bioprocess technology and bioreactor design. Bioprocess engineering or biochemical engineering is a subcomponent of chemical engineering, which encompasses designing and developing those processes and equipment that are required for the manufacturing of products from biological materials and sources, such as agriculture, pharmaceutical, chemicals, polymers, food, etc., or for the treatment of environmental process, for example, waste water. The main focus of this book is to highlight the advancements in the field of bioprocess technology and bioreactor design. The book is divided into various chapters briefing all aspects of bioprocess engineering and focusing on the advances in bioprocess engineering. The book summarizes introduction to bioprocess technology and microbiology, isolation and maintenance of microbial strains, and sterilization techniques for advanced-level students and researchers. Different models depicting kinetics of microbial growth, substrate consumption, and product formation are discussed. The applications of enzymes have increased tremendously and therefore understanding their metabolic pathways to increase yields is also briefly discussed. The calculations of mass and energy balances associated with entropy changes and free energy. This book also covers the approaches for handling different types of cell cultures and current advancements in the area of bioprocess strategies for different culture types, which scientists and researchers working in the different cell cultures can refer to. The downstream processing of various industrially important products is also a part of this book. Apart from that, the process economics which ensures the feasibility and quality of any biological process is also dealt with as the last section of the book.

The book explains the use of natural products as scaffolds in tissue engineering. It presents an introduction to the concept of natural product-based scaffolds and explores various fabrication strategies for their synthesis. The book highlights the wide range of applications of these scaffolds in tissue engineering, including their use in tissue regeneration, wound healing, plastic surgery, and breast reconstruction. Specific natural products, such as gums (xanthan, gellan, arabic, guar, ghatti gum), chitosan, collagen are discussed in separate chapters. In addition, various application of natural product loaded PCL and PLA scaffolds have also been discussed. Each chapter focuses on the application of these natural product based scaffolds and explores their potential in tissue engineering. It also covers specific applications of these scaffolds in tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, bone, skin, and nerve tissue regeneration. The book addresses important considerations regarding the toxicity and regulatory aspects of natural product-based scaffolds and explores the challenges associated with their implementation and emphasizes the need for safety and compliance in their use. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the field. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and professionals in the field of tissue engineering.

This book illustrates the importance and significance of improvement strategies for pig farming. It covers various topics such as proper handling, general health care management, stress management criteria, and entrepreneur development through pig farming. The book also provides current useful information about the improvement through genetic enhancement, stress monitoring, and environmental impact on pig production and management. The behavior, welfare, and mycotoxins control in feedstuffs is elaborately described to make the book more lucrative. The chapters also describe recent advancements in pig farming, business management, and entrepreneurship for better pig improvement. Finally, the book also elucidates a comprehensive as well as representative description of the general health, management, and productive performance of pigs. The book is helpful for undergraduates, postgraduates, research scholars, academicians, farm managers, field veterinarians, and meat plant officers.

Scientific writing is a trade that can and must be learned and not a form of art that is limited to the talented. The real constraint for writing a good scientific article is most of the time not the usage of the English language, but the conversion of outcomes of a set of experiments into a coherent and convincing scientific story. This book is designed to guide junior scientists in the Life Sciences writing their thesis and first manuscripts, along this uphill struggle. All aspects of building up and publishing a forceful scientific narrative are covered, from designing experiments to dealing with the reviewers'comments. This book takes you step by step through the process of writing a paper. It starts by discussing how to collect and organize data and make an outline. The actual writing starts with the Results section, as this is the heart of any research paper. The Discussion interprets your data in the framework of the existing literature and explains the novel insights you obtained. The Introduction is written to pose the questions that are answered in the Discussion and give the necessary background information. It is written after the Results and Discussion to make sure it is a perfect match. The M&M is the easiest to write. A good abstract is essential for attracting readers. How to write that is described in detail. The title is the last piece of the puzzle. The book contains many practical examples that explain the general principles of good writing. These examples are all from the Life Sciences and so are the anecdotes that illustrate the concepts, making the information directly applicable. All kinds of tips and suggestions are provided for improving readability and accessibility of your manuscript, thus making it easier acceptable. In addition, background information on the basics of science is supplied that helps to avoid common mistakes that cause rejection of manuscripts that report on otherwise good science.

The objective of the book is to show the complementarity and integration of food and non-food value chains for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. One current challenge facing industry and the economy is to meet the needs of a growing world population while preserving the environment. The use of fossil energy resources for several decades has generated a decrease in reserves of these resources, together with a phenomenon of global warming due to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. More and more industrial sectors, including the chemical industry, are replacing fossil carbon with renewable carbon. The bioeconomy consists in using renewable biological resources to produce food, materials, and energy. A bioeconomy based on the green chemistry and biotechnologies is developing worldwide, as a lever for reducing the ecological footprint of human activities. The book is articulated around six parts, each dedicated to a keystone of the interface betweengreen chemistry and Agro-Food Industry.

Industrial crops offer farmers new market opportunities to increase their revenue by producing high-value products, focusing on fiber, forest, and energy crops, industrial oilseeds, rubber and resins, pharmaceuticals, and more. Technological innovations in agriculture have facilitated higher yields, but conserving crop genetic resources and diversity remains crucial for sustainable agricultural production. This poses a challenge that can be addressed through modern tools of biotechnology and genomics, utilizing the wealth of sequenced plant genomes. This book addresses the need for knowledge in managing the risks and conservation of genetic diversity associated with advanced technology. It provides comprehensive coverage of plant genomics and biotechnology, catering to post-graduate students, researchers, employees of seed and biotechnology companies, as well as instructors in plant genetics, breeding, and biotechnology fields.

Emergence of lifestyle diseases, e.g., type II diabetes, cancers, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, liver cirrhosis, etc., are exponentially increasing day by day. Modern drifts toward the utilization of herbal medicines in different healthcare aspects necessitate (demand) the replacement of synthetic molecules with phytoconstituents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, economic extraction process, and ready availability from the natural source. This book provides a thorough insight into the comprehensive and up-to-date trends of phytomedicines in the management of lifestyle diseases and its mechanisms, modern methods of extraction and purification of phytoconstituents, and chemical characterization as well as standardization of phytoconstituents using modern equipments.

This book serves as an excellent comprehensive material covering the current understandings and updates on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the use of medicinal plant resources for tackling it. Chapters cover important aspects of AMR and strategies to address this threatening issue with medicinal plants and their resources. One health perspectives for addressing AMR have been presented for the readers. Antimicrobial medicinal plant therapeutic resources including crude extracts, active fractions, pure molecules and essential oils, besides using them as functionalizing agents for nano-antimicrobials have been covered. Further, plant endophytes as a source of antimicrobial compounds have been discussed. Chapters cover both the bactericidal as well as resistance-reversal (or potentiating/ combinatorial therapies) potencies of medicinal plant resources. The book also focuses on how medicinal plant resources effectively target major determinants of AMR. Use of metabolomics in understanding and targeting AMR mechanisms and identifying potent phyto-therapeutics has been discussed as well. The book is a valuable read for both experienced and younger researchers working in the field of AMR and related fields in biomedicine, pharmacy, and clinical research.

This new volume of the book series Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology provides a complete and exhaustive overview of the morphofunctional organization of the mammalian carotid body, a polymodal chemosensory organ responsible for the maintenance of blood gas homeostasis. The authors review the state of the art of the neurochemical anatomy of carotid body´s cell populations with a special reference to their structural and neurochemical plasticity. The essential role of this organ in the generation, progression and maintenance of cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases in humans and other mammals is presented. Finally, the book summarizes current knowledge on the stem cell niche in the mammalian carotid body and discusses its contribution to replacement cell therapy and other potential applications in translational research. This book represents an essential reading for physiologists, anatomists, cell, and developmental biologists, as wellas physicians, veterinarians, and biomedical researchers.

Die Naturwissenschaft beschäftigt sich mit denselben großen Fragen wie Religion und Philosophie. Dabei verlässt sie sich jedoch nicht auf menschliche Vorlieben, Eingebung oder Logik, sondern erforscht unvoreingenommen die Natur. Ihr ewiges Hinterfragen, Testen und Korrigieren ist ehrlicher und demütiger, als veraltete Weltanschauungen und Konzepte kritiklos als „Palliativbehandlung“ gegen Ängste und Sorgen zu akzeptieren. Die Existenz von Atomen und Naturgesetzen ist keineswegs gleichbedeutend mit einer „Entzauberung“ des Lebens oder dem Verlust aller „erhabenen“ Gefühle - nur weil wir nicht mit Unwahrheiten um uns werfen dürfen. Die Natur hält spannendere und faszinierendere Wunder und Rätsel für uns bereit, als alle Formen von zusammenhangslosem Aberglaube, Mystizismus oder Verschwörungstheorien:Was geschah beim Urknall und welche Form hat das Universum? Sind wir allein im Universum?Was hat es mit der geheimnisvollen dunklen Energie auf sich? Warum altern wir in der Nähe Schwarzer Löcher langsamer? Und was ist eigentlich eine Weltformel, nach der alle so verzweifelt suchen?Zweifeln ist keine Schwäche, sondern eine ganz besondere Stärke. Ohne die Fähigkeit Fehler zu erkennen und die Bereitschaft, sich immer wieder selbst zu korrigieren, kämen wir der Wahrheit niemals näher. In ihrer kreativen Unvoreingenommenheit lehnen Naturwissenschaftler überirdische Schöpfer unseres Universums nicht kategorisch ab. Sie wollen einfach nur wissen, was wirklich stimmt.

This book overviews purinergic receptors that are playing key roles in human and pathophysiological processes. The book elaborates on how selective P1 and P2 modulators have been developed as therapeutics for a variety of diseases. It also provides an overview of current perspectives in the design of purinergic receptor modulators and future challenges such as the availability of selective ligands for all receptor subtypes.Divided into 12 chapters, this comprehensive volume also offers a multidisciplinary perspective on the historical evolution, starting with a chapter devoted to the roots and early discoveries of adenosine and its receptors, followed by a twenty-year retrospective on the synthesis, properties, and functional potential of adenosine receptor ligands, probes, and functional conjugates. In the next chapters, experts in the field delve into topics such as the therapeutic potential of adenosine receptor ligands in wound healing and fibrosis, the therapeutic benefits of A2A receptor antagonists, the A2B adenosine receptor as a target for brain ischemia or demyelination, the development and latest advancements in clinical trials of A3 adenosine receptor ligands. Other chapters describe bifunctional tools to study adenosine receptors, allosteric modulators of adenosine receptors, and new computational approaches to inspect adenosine receptor-ligand recognition processes. Furthermore, the book discusses the role of P2X4 receptors in immunity and inflammation. The final chapters illustrate CD73 inhibitors as antitumor agents, and bacterial ectonucleotidases as underexplored antibacterial drug targets. This book is a valuable resource for scholars working in the field of medicinal chemistry, as well as researchers in the industry, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of adenosine receptor biology and its therapeutic potential.

This book reviews all important aspects of Microbial sustainability in food production and food safety with the aim of shedding new light on these microbes through combined understanding of traditional and novel paradigms. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which reinterprets fundamentals of food microbiology, examining the beneficial aspects of microorganisms in food and microbial responses from food environments and preservation. The second section discusses recent advances in understanding of the sustainable food production, covering, for example, agriculturally important microbes, farming microbes, and fermentation. A wide range of bio-factory issues in food production are also addressed, before turning attention to contemporary food safety approaches in the context of novel assessment methods for microbiological food characterization, improving food safety and food quality, etc. The final section is devoted to public health and its importance of microorganisms in food processing as well as the economic importance of microorganisms as this is also an increasingly important area as we move toward microbial research advances.

This book provides a meticulous view on methodological drug discovery and development insights from bench to bedside. The current book threads almost each step encompassing drug the discovery and development of a molecule. The chapters focus on computational modus operandi, pharmacological optimization approaches, modern high-throughput screening methods and in-vitro procedures, role of structural biologists in drug discovery and development, medicinal chemistry approaches for drug design, formulation and drug delivery, in-vivo evaluations of candidate molecules, clinical trial procedures and others. The book also covers specific case studies, regulatory approval proceedings, and industrial view point alongside the aforementioned conceptual layout. And at the same time, the volume integrates medical, biological, medicinal, pharmacological and computational streams, and it is suggested as an ideal guideline to a wide audience including molecular biologists, biochemist, pharmacologists, medicinal chemist, toxicologists, drug discovery and development researchers, and all other students interested in these disciplines.

This book updates knowledge on recent advances in computational, biophysical and bioinformatics tools/techniques and their practical applications in modern drug design and discovery paradigm. It also encompasses fundamental principles, advanced methodologies and applications of various CADD approaches including several cutting-edge areas; presenting recent developments covering ongoing trends in the field of computer-aided drug discovery. Having contributions by a global team of experts, the book is expected to be an ideal resource for drug discovery scientists, medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, phytochemists, biochemists, biologists, R&D personnel, researchers, students, teachers and those working in the field of drug discovery. It will fill the knowledge gaps that exist in the current CADD approaches and methodologies/ protocols being widely used in both academic and research practices. Further, a special focus on current status of various computational drug design approaches (SBDD, LBDD, de novo drug design, pharmacophore-based search), bioinformatics tools and databases, computational screening and modeling of phytochemicals/natural products, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and network pharmacology and systems biology would certainly guide researchers, students or readers to conduct their research in the emerging area(s) of interest. It is also expected to be highly beneficial to various stakeholders working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries (R&D), the academic as well as research sectors.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction and review of state-of-the-art biotechnological tools in enhancement of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant bioactive compounds are plant-based natural products that display a variety of pharmacological applications. These bioactive compounds are important as medicines, pigments, flavorings and drugs because most of the pharmaceutical industries are highly dependent on medicinal plants and their extraction. The book introduces a systematic overview of state-of-the-art biotechnological techniques such as Omics, Crisper /Cas9 and RNAi to enhance the plant bioactive contents as well as enlists various in vitro techniques, hairy root culture and transgenic technology to enhance plant bioactive contents using plant tissue culture approaches. The book also provides an overview of the role of induced mutation, biotic and abiotic stress to increase the bioactive contents in plants and discusses the significant role of endophytes to enhance the contents of plant bioactive compound. The book also opens discussions related to standard operating procedures using hydroponics system of cultivation for significant enhancement of bioactive compound(s) and much more. This book serves as an excellent reference book for the researchers working in the field of plant secondary metabolites and pharmaceutical industries at global level.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between pantheism and ecology, particularly considering different cultural approaches and diverse religious, theological, and philosophical traditions. Environmental ethics arises from the dangerousness and harmfulness of human beings with respect to nonhuman species and, more generally, with respect to the environment. A common starting point for environmental ethics standpoints is that human beings are responsible for damaging nature. The famous four laws of ecology drafted by Barry Commoner precisely express this guilt on the part of human beings, who very often voluntarily violate the behavioral indications that emerge from nature itself. These aspects concern environmental ethics outlooks. Eco-theology, then, takes a further step: not only do we damage the ecosystem but also, as many authors suggest, when we humans destroy the natural world, we are wounding God. Such an idea implies a possible coincidence of God with the natural world –or the ecosystem. From this assumption, different questions may emerge: what is the kind of coincidence between God and the natural world? Are God and the ecosystem coextensive? If so, are we re-sacralizing the natural world and grounding intrinsic values in theological postulates and statements? These questions lead us to reconsider the cosmological assumptions that ground our environmental judgements, from theology to different religious traditions and cultures to philosophical worldviews. In particular, we will focus on the cosmological assumptions of pantheism (considering its differences with panentheism), discussing the symmetrical (or asymmetrical) relationships between God and the finite ways in which God manifests Godself.In this regard, the book is divided into three main parts: in the first part, the question of pantheism is approached from different traditions and with a special focus on the main thinkers in the history of thought, from Greek Stoicism to the present day. In the second part, some current ecological concerns are considered in relation to pantheistic cosmology: the authors will deepen issues from the discussion of the different “pan-conceptions” to the problem of evil, to Anthropocene. Finally, in the third part, the different chapters will focus on ethical issues in the field of the current environmental crisis with a huge connection with the pantheistic cosmologies. This book is oriented to a wide public, interested in environmental issues and looking for an approach from different cultures and traditions. Evidently, due to its “academic” nature, this book is also intended to be a great support for researchers interested in eco-theology and, more specifically, in the relationship between pantheism and ecology.It is not, in this sense, a “classic” book on environmental ethics, but a book that delves into the fundamentals of environmental philosophy, privileging the Ibero-American approach.

In diesem Buch erfahren Sie und Ihre Kinder mit einfachen Experimenten die erstaunliche Wunderwelt der Natur. Was steckt hinter dem Lotus-Effekt? Mit Kohlrabi-Blättern kriegen Sie es raus. Fleischfressende Pflanzen mit Gummibärchen füttern? Geht! Aber warum? Bestimmen Sie die Luftgüte Ihrer Umgebung, eines Parks oder Waldes mit dem selbst gebastelten Flechtenraster. Schnell werden Sie zum Experten der wunderbaren und nützlichen Flechten. Unsichtbare Mikroorganismen eines Sees werden mit einem Laserpointer als tierisches Gewimmel sichtbar – ganz ohne Mikroskop! Die „dunkle“ Seite der Natur entdecken Sie mit einer einfachen UV-Taschenlampe und lassen Gemüse, Pflanzen, Moose, Pilze, Algen, Krebse und Muscheln in bunten Farben leuchten. Eine rot leuchtende Grusel-Paprika zu Halloween? Ja! Eine erforschende Nachtwanderung am Strand? Hurra! Großer Experimentier-Spaß für Drinnen und Draußen für die ganze Familie. Das Buch ist der ideale Begleiter auf Wanderungen und Urlaubsreisen – damit kommen Sie der Natur ein Stückchen näher. Mit zahlreichen Farbfotos, vielen anschaulichen Grafiken und 14 spektakulären Videos. Also: Ab in die Natur!

This book explains the potential value of microbiome and microbiome composition associated with human health and diseases. The opening chapters describe the current state of knowledge regarding the human microbiome structure, function, and diversity. The mechanisms of action and the various putative uses of human microbiome are then examined specific to healthy and disease conditions. Readers will find detailed information on its manipulation of human microbiome studies as well as its applied and translational aspects in the current field. The latest knowledge on probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics is presented, and specific cases to date are discussed. This book features knowledge from leading researchers working on different aspects of the human microbiome and its manipulation for better health. Overall, this book is an excellent source for microbiome researchers and students from all levels seeking the most up-to-date advancements in the field and also to point toward the future directions.

Living organisms are distinguished by their chemical basis. Thus, knowledge of the properties of the elements and the interactions of the resulting compounds is a prerequisite for understanding biology.Chemistry answers the questions of why, among the more than 100 elements of the periodic table (PSE), carbon and not silicon is the dominant element in biology and why precious metals, such as gold and silver, do not play a role. The PSE provides information about why phosphoric acid and not sulfuric acid acts as a bridge in polynucleic acids and why DNA had to evolve from RNA. At the same time, only chemistry makes clear why D-glucose is so central in building biopolymers such as cellulose and glycogen, and why the citrate cycle is logically self-contained and without alternative. Biochemistry is also a synthesis chemistry that differs from'man-made'synthesis chemistry'only'in terms of the framework conditions. Individuals are selected from the multitude of elements of the PSE and the almost infinite number of chemical compounds. The selection is based on the environmental conditions on Earth, such as moderate temperatures, preferably atmospheric pressure, solvent water and as primary reaction partner oxygen.The hypothesis is developed that the guiding principle of modern biology, the theory of evolution, has its roots in the underlying chemistry. This turns Darwinism from its biological head to its chemical feet. For example, the effect of phenols as radical scavengers is a priori chemical, before biological phenomena could evolve from it as differences in distinction in colored flowering plants. The book develops a completely new, chemistry-centered view of'animate nature'and challenges a changed, biologically oriented didactics of chemistry in schools and universities.

This book provides the most valuable and updated research on computational and mathematical models in biological systems from influential researchers around the world and contributes to the development of future research guidelines in this topic. Topics include (but are not limited to): modeling infectious and dynamic diseases; regulation of cell function; biological pattern formation; biological networks; tumor growth and angiogenesis; complex biological systems; Monte Carlo methods; Control theory, optimization and their applications

The textbook is designed to provide a'non-intimidating'entry to the field of mathematical biology. It is also useful for those wishing to teach an introductory course. Although there are many good mathematical biology texts available, most books are too advanced mathematically for most biology majors. Unlike undergraduate math majors, most biology major students possess a limited math background. Given that computational biology is a rapidly expanding field, more students should be encouraged to familiarize themselves with this powerful approach to understand complex biological phenomena. Ultimately, our goal with this undergraduate textbook is to provide an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of mathematical biology in a way that does not overly terrify an undergraduate biology major, thereby fostering a greater appreciation for the role of mathematics in biology

This textbook is an introductory guide to applied machine learning, specifically for biology students. It familiarizes biology students with the basics of modern computer science and mathematics and emphasizes the real-world applications of these subjects. The chapters give an overview of computer systems and programming languages to establish a basic understanding of the important concepts in computer systems. Readers are introduced to machine learning and artificial intelligence in the field of bioinformatics, connecting these applications to systems biology, biological data analysis and predictions, and healthcare diagnosis and treatment. This book offers a necessary foundation for more advanced computer-based technologies used in biology, employing case studies, real-world issues, and various examples to guide the reader from the basic prerequisites to machine learning and its applications.

This book provides the reader with a thorough understanding of schizophrenia as a complex brain disorder by explaining the various aspects investigated for its cognizance from epigenetics to chemistry and physics to computational approaches. The book covers the key notions of schizophrenia from a variety of facets such as neurogenetics, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, neurobiology, psychotherapy, psychiatric treatment, cognitive studies, behavioral and societal studies, and computational neurosciences. Individual chapters are focused on crucial topics such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, brain functioning, computational neuroscience, neuro-imaging, and many more. This book explains each section and chapter with utmost clarity to maintain comprehensiveness for every kind of reader. This book covers various classical as well as recent topics from basic to advance level knowledge regarding schizophrenia. The book's contributions regarding its inclusivity of topics, comprehensiveness of language, diversity in knowledge, and focus on the subject will attract all kinds of readers. It can be considered a single comprehensive handy reference book for beginners, including medical students, neuroscientists, researchers, clinicians, and medical practitioners. Cognizance of Schizophrenia will be an invaluable asset for all who are involved in neuroscience research or clinical studies.

Plant bioactive compounds are plant-based natural products that display a variety of pharmacological applications. These bioactive compounds are important as medicines, pigments and flavorings since most of the pharmaceutical industries are highly dependent on medicinal plants and their extraction. The types and concentrations of bioactive compounds produced by plants are determined by the species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage and environmental factors during growth, determining the physiological adaptive responses employed by various plant taxonomic groups in coping with the stress and defensive stimuli. In the past two decades there has been a renewed interest in the study of conventional aspects such as elicitors and biotic and abiotic stress factors that influence secondary metabolism during in vitro and in vivo growth of plants. the application of molecular biology tools and techniques are facilitating increased understanding of the signaling processes and pathwaysinvolved in the bioactive compounds production in subcellular, cellular, organ and whole plant systems during in vivo and in vitro growth, with application in the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways intermediates. Biosynthesis and Manipulation of Bioactive compounds in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants provides a comprehensive introduction and review of the state-of-the-art biotechnological tools used in enhancement of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. Readers will find a systematic overview of techniques such as Omics, Crisper /Cas9 and RNAi to enhance plant bioactive contents including various in vitro techniques, hairy root culture and transgenic technology to enhance plant bioactive contents using plant tissue culture approaches. The chapters provide an overview of the role of induced mutation, biotic and abiotic stress to increase the bioactive contents in plants, plus the role of endophytes to enhance the contents of plant bioactive compounds and standard operating procedures using hydroponics system of cultivation for significant enhancement of bioactive compounds.This book serves as a single source for researchers working in plant secondary metabolites and the pharmaceutical industry.

Das ausschließlich auf den Menschen bezogene Weltbild in den Gesellschaften Europas und Nordamerikas begünstigt bis heute eine exklusive und un-ökologische Sichtweise auf die natürliche Umwelt. In diesem Band wird dafür eine Reihe von Beispielen aufgeführt, die die Umwelt nachhaltig schädigen. Als Ausweg aus diesem Dilemma wird ein Instrumentarium ökologisch-ganzheitlicher Ansätze vorgestellt, das geeignet erscheint, der bestehenden globalen Umweltkrise entgegen zu wirken.

Biotechnology involves an interdisciplinary science that provides an interface between biological, molecular and cellular aspects of living organisms with broad technologies applicable in the fields of health, environment and materials. This book “Biotechnology applied to inflammatory diseases: Cellular mechanisms and nanomedicine” is focused on elaborating especially on two trendy areas from Biotechnology. In this volume, different inflammatory pathologies in terms of cellular and molecular mechanisms are characterized to better understand the science behind current precision medicine. The second part of the book focuses on the main biotechnological advancements for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of various types of inflammatory diseases, highlighting up-to-date contributions of nanomedicine. The reader will be able to explore the utilization of technologies for various inflammatory diseases and will be able to enable an engaging and valuableknowledge for further research and clinically applied scenarios.

This book provides a comprehensive reference for various plant bioactive compounds for research and pharmacological significance across the entire spectrum of phytochemical genomics. The book opens with general information on diversity, analysis and genomic basis of phytochemicals, computational approaches, databases for responsible genes, and biosynthetic pathways, and it delves very much into the details behind phytochemical diversity and diverse roles of plant metabolites. The later parts of the book also explore the direct drug discovery and omics approaches including metabolomics, transcriptomics, as well as gene editing technology experiments to further inspire readers into its unlimited potentials. Each chapter includes detailed analysis and relevant experiments for better and deeper understanding of the concepts. The book will be an invaluable aid for medicinal plant researchers and a rich source of information and advice for advanced undergraduates and graduates in the fields of medicine, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, flavor, and fragrance studies.

This Major Reference Work offers a detailed overview of culturing primary, secondary cell lines, tissues, and organs.It first introduces various types of mammalian cell cultures, infrastructure requirements for a mammalian cell-culture laboratory. The subsequent chapters present the detailed protocols for the isolation of mammalian hematologic organs and cells. It also discusses various cell-based assays for monitoring cell viability, cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cell senescence, and cell death assays.In addition, the book addresses the various problems encountered while culturing animal cells, their possible causes, and suggested solutions, presenting detailed protocols for isolation and primary culturing of various mammalian cells and hematoimmunologic organs in two dimensions.Lastly, it reviews the various applications of animal-cell culture, stem-cell culture, and tissue and organ culture. As such, this reference book is highly relevant for students and professionals new to cell-culture work as well as to those wishing to expand their skills from cell-line cultures to primary cultures and from conventional 2D cultures to 3D cultures.

Die Autoren entführen uns auch in ihrem neuen Werk in die spannende und vielfältige Welt der Biochemie und Biotechnologie. Das Buch befasst sich mit einer Vielzahl interessanter Fragen und Fakten. Gentechnik – darf man das, soll man das oder muss man das? Die Autoren spüren dem Traum vom Jungbrunnen nach und versuchen Paganinis Geheimnis zu lüften. Sie verblüffen uns, wo alte Handarbeitstechniken plötzlich gefragt sind oder giftige Skorpione sich nützlich machen. Geschrieben in Zeiten, in denen Corona uns beutelt, wurden unsichtbare Feinde, und wie wir uns gegen sie wehren, natürlich nicht ausgespart. Nebenbei wird auch geklärt, was brauner Haut und buntem Obst gemeinsam ist, wie Vitamine in den Kuchen kommen und worin Monets Tragik bestand.

This book is about relevant recent research topics in understanding aquaculture for practical approaches; aquatic science, engineering, feed and nutrition, immunology and health are reviewed. The book includes information on why certain fish strains differ in disease resistance, all the current data on fish cell populations, the regulation of the response by factors, and the major histocompatibility complex are explained in detail. The book contains the chapters on nutrition, feed and feed additives, ecology, immunology, microbiology, toxicology, biochemistry, nanotechnology, pharmacology, and biotechnology, among other fields of basic and applied research. Over the past era, scientists have recognized the importance of nutrition in maintaining the health of humans and other animal species, including fish. Humans and other terrestrial animals were the focus of previous research on the links between nutrition, immune response, and disease resistance. However, attempts to conduct similar studies using fish have met with limited success in the last two decades due to a lack of understanding of the immune response in fish. In most facilities, the animals are kept at relatively high densities, causing stress and disease problems are the challenges that we face today and this book opens up the exciting new area of research to truly understand the relationship between fish genetics and immune reactivity. The aquatic immune system turns out to be a crucial reference as aquatic products are increasingly used as model systems for vertebrate immune systems. This book provides that the research students and scientists with a useful text on the latest knowledge of the aquatic feed and nutrition, immune system, cutting-edge technologies, draws everyone's attention to the practice of small-scale aquaculture and provides a guide on how to responsibly use the water ecosystem and the steps needed to develop, test and market fish vaccines. The chapters will serve as introductions to these fields and up-to-date reviews of recent research advances. This book is intended for a wide range of readers, including nutritionists, disease specialists, feed formulators, students, extension specialists, and farmers, as well as university teachers, graduates and doctoral students in zoology, physiology, aquaculture, and biology in general.

Das vorliegende Essential versteht sich als kompaktes Nachschlagewerk für Fragen und Aspekte rund um die innovative Trainingstechnologie Ganzkörper-Elektromyostimulation (WB-EMS). Neben Hintergründen und Informationen zur WB-EMS Applikation, bei der die Autoren besonderes Augenmerk auf die sichere und effektive Anwendung legen, erfolgt eine aktuelle Übersicht über Forschungsergebnisse, welche die Effekte von WB-EMS auf unterschiedliche Zielgrößen zusammenfasst. Abschließend wird eine Charakterisierung der Marksituation sowie derzeitiger Trends und eine Prognose von Entwicklungen im Spannungsfeld WB-EMS vorgelegt.

Dieser Ratgeber erklärt, wie Forschungsergebnisse aus Universitäten und Hochschulen patentiert und lizenziert oder verkauft werden können. Wichtige Aspekte des Erfindungs-, Patent- und Lizenzrechts werden anhand von Beispielen erläutert.Im ersten Teil werden Fragen beantwortet, was eine patentierbare Erfindung ist und welche Erfindervergütung Forschenden an Hochschulen zusteht. Ausführlich behandelt wird u.a. das Thema, wie Forschungsergebnisse publiziert und trotzdem patentiert werden können.Im zweiten Teil, speziell zum Patentieren, wird gezeigt, wie eine Patentanmeldung aufgebaut ist, wie Patentprüfverfahren ablaufen und was sie kosten. Mit vielen Praxistipps wird erklärt, wie man eine Patentrecherche durchführt und ermittelt, ob ein Patent noch aktiv ist. Zudem wird erläutert, welche Besonderheiten beim Schutz von Erfindungen für medizinische Anwendungen zu beachten sind.Im dritten Teil werden verschiedene vertragliche Lösungen zur Anbahnung sowie zum Abschluss von Lizenz- und anderen Verwertungsvereinbarungen vorgestellt. Häufige Probleme bei der Finanzierung der Weiterentwicklung von Projekten werden adressiert und Lösungen aufgezeigt. Der Schlussteil ist speziell dem Thema der Gründung von akademischen Spin-off-Unternehmen gewidmet. Die aktualisierte und erweiterte 2. Auflage enthält neue Beiträge zu den Themen Software-Schutz und -Lizenzierung und zu den Möglichkeiten, patentgeschützte Technologien weiterzuentwickeln. Neue Beispiele sowie verlinkte Interviews mit Experten illustrieren Best-practice-Fälle.Das Buch eignet sich sowohl als Übersicht für Einsteiger als auch zum gelegentlichen Nachschlagen für gestandene Erfinder. Es richtet sich grundsätzlich an alle Forschenden in den Naturwissenschaften und der Medizin sowie Mitarbeitende des Technologietransfers an Universitäten, Universitätskliniken und Hochschulen. Videos per App: einfach die SN More Media App kostenfrei herunterladen, einBild oder einen Link mit dem Play-Button scannen und sofort das Video auf Smartphone oder Tablet ausspielen.

This book reviews the relationship between receptors, carbohydrate moieties, and pathogenic surfaces and lectins'pathophysiology of immune responses and examines the mechanisms of action of the molecules for the treatment potentials. Increasing evidence has suggested that lectin-carbohydrate interactions perform important roles in various regulations of immune responses, but much remains to be learned about these crucial properties and their interplay with other molecules. In addition, a better understanding of the structural and functional properties of lectin and the activated immune response will be of critical importance for the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. These key areas are the focus of this book, which documents the latest research findings in the field. Evidence is provided for the various lectin types from animal and plant as well as microbial or marine lectins, and this wide range of molecular knowledge directs us to variousdiseases, including infectious diseases and cancer. In presenting state-of-the-art knowledge on the interactions between lectin and its interactions,the book will help to pave the way for the development of novel targets for the prevention and treatment of many disorders.