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This White Paper describes the state of astrobiology in Europe today and its relation to the European society at large. With contributions from authors in twenty countries and over thirty scientific institutions worldwide, the document illustrates the societal implications of astrobiology and the positive contribution that astrobiology can make to European society. The White paper has two main objectives: 1. It recommends the establishment of a European Astrobiology Institute (EAI) as an answer to a series of challenges relating to astrobiology but also European research, education and the society at large. 2. It also acknowledges the societal implications of astrobiology, and thus the role of the social sciences and humanities in optimizing the positive contribution that astrobiology can make to the lives of the people of Europe and the challenges they face.This book is recommended reading for science policy makers, the interested public, and the astrobiologycommunity.

This book, the first of its kind, helps scientists and engineers of all stages and disciplines share their work in a new way—with movies. Today, much of scientific communication is embedded in papers and presentations, but these documents don't often extend outside of a specific academic field. By adding movies as a medium of communication, scientists and engineers can better communicate with their colleagues while also increasing their reach to students, professors, peers, potential collaborators, and the public. Scientific films help translate complex technical topics into more accessible and consumable messages. By following Lauren Murphy's filmmaking formula – planning, shooting, and editing – readers will create their very own scientific films that look professional and polished. Using tools as simple as a smartphone, readers can develop short, personal stories with no cost or experience needed. This book will guide readers through all steps of the movie making process to a finished product. Readers will evolve their creative thinking skills and use their movies to improve classroom presentations, network across student organizations, present at conferences, recruit students for their labs, secure grant money, and more. Adding a movie to your body of work can be the tool that sparks interest in audiences to learn more—driving traffic to your publications, research projects, and websites. This book will help you develop new skills to become a better communicator while spreading your ideas and research to new audiences.

Attempts to eliminate or reduce gender inequality have been made by governments, international organizations, NGOs, policymakers, and private organizations. However, the evidence still shows that the gender gap exists from womb to tomb, from parental treatment to corporate leadership, and even the genders'psychologically different identity for that matter. The question, however, arises with laws and regulations formed on gender disparity, bills becoming acts, society becoming broader in their outlook, and adopting inclusivity in terms of gender in different spheres: Are we still able to claim that we are addressing gender inequality enough? This volume explores the disparity between genders in terms of the labor market and career advancement, child-rearing practices, education, financial literacy, work-life balance, pay gaps, and economic development, to name a few areas. It focuses on the robust themes of the gender gap from a modern perspective to enhance our understanding of gender inequality in today's world.

This book seeks to contribute to the most recent discussions on Citizenship, Culture and Coexistence in different context considering the importance of these elements for society and urban environments. The book offers different perspectives on citizenship culture and analysis that can be inputs for policy and decision makers to design the policies, strategies and programs that strengthen urban process from culture, art, and education to improve citizen coexistence, respect for differences and better societies in a dynamic world with permanent challenges.

'In nature, as in society, the parasites outnumber the hosts. John Janovy Jr. offers the parasites'view of this situation. The result is smart, funny, and all too revealing.'– Elizabeth Kolbert, staff writer for The New Yorker and New York Times bestselling author of The Sixth ExtinctionThe answers to life's biggest questions can be found by looking at the little things… Though you may not be able to see them with the naked eye, parasites—minuscule life forms that live inside other organisms—inhabit our everyday lives. From headlice to bird droppings, litterboxes to unfiltered water, you have brushed up against the most common way of life on our planet.In this unique book, John Janovy Jr., one of the world's preeminent experts on parasites, reveals what humans can learn from the most reviled yet misunderstood animals on Earth: lice, tapeworms, flukes, and maggots that can eat a lizard from the inside, and how these lessons help us negotiate our own complicated world. Whether we're learning to adapt to adverse conditions, accept our own limitations, or process new information in an ever-changing landscape—we can be sure a parasite did it first. At once peculiar and profound, Life Lessons from a Parasite makes a case for using knowledge of the natural world, with all its wonderful mysteries and quirks, to tackle our worst problems.

Unidentified phenomena in space, in the Earth's atmosphere, and in waters are too important to leave their exploration to the military and scientific laypersons. Their proper scientific study is important for a variety of reasons; in particular, scientists and the public at large need to know the basic facts, to be informed about the way evidence is recorded, and to understand the difference been reliable evidence and fiction, as well as between plausible explanations and fantasy.With this objective, the book surveys the history of UFO observations, the variety of recorded phenomena, and recounts the efforts of investigative commissions and their published findings.Although wild rumors are demystified in the process, this is not an exercise in rumor-bashing. An open and at the same time critical mindset is the key. Many narratives and hypothesis appear implausible relative to our present state of knowledge; but this alone should not lead to their outright exclusion. Thus the author also pays attention to UFO sightings that have so far eluded explanation in terms of known physics or meteorology. Here the reader will encounter some of the more speculative but scientifically tenable proposals, for example, relating to sudden zigzag motion without apparent inertia or recognizable propulsion, yet always with a clear guide to their plausibility. Last but not least, the book outlines plans and suggestions for future research capable of revealing the existence and intentions of extraterrestrial intelligences, outer-space engineers, or technologies so far known only from science fiction.

This highly-readable book addresses how to teach effective communication in science. The first part of the book provides accessible context and theory about communicating science well, and is written by experts. The second part focuses on the practice of teaching communication in science, with ‘nuts and bolts'lesson plans direct from the pens of practitioners. The book includes over 50 practice chapters, each focusing on one or more short teaching activities to target a specific aspect of communication, such as writing, speaking and listening. Implementing the activities is made easy with class run sheets, tips and tricks for instructors, signposts to related exercises and theory chapters, and further resources. Theory chapters help build instructor confidence and knowledge on the topic of communicating science. The teaching exercises can be used with science students at all levels of education in any discipline and curriculum – the only limitation is a wish to learn to communicate better! Targeted at science faculty members, this book aims to improve and enrich communication teaching within the science curriculum, so that science graduates can communicate better as professionals in their discipline and future workplace.

This new volume presents a holistic scenario of the challenges of providing mental health and psychosocial support to areas around the world with the most vulnerable populations during the tragic COVID-19 pandemic. The book synthesizes over 350 interviews with mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) professionals on the ground in countries around the world, discussing the lack of services and providing strategies for implementing mental health and psychosocial support in such situations going forward. The book is a first look at MHPSS during the COVID-19 pandemic with the hope that it will inspire and generate action for future worldwide mental health and psychosocial support responses.This essential book is a call to action for cultural, linguistic, and contextual actions that addresses inclusiveness of the most vulnerable and unheard communities and that re-establishes resilience through mental health and psychosocial community-led programs. The volume is an analysis by a seasoned humanitarian worker with over 30 years of direct experience with the most vulnerable communities, with contributions from several colleagues. They help frame COVID-19 as a systemic loss of protective factors, where communities collapsed psychologically, socially, and economically.

This new volume looks at a selection of important issues resulting from the digitization of society, which has fundamentally transformed organizations. These new technological innovations are creating new opportunities as well as new challenges. This volume considers the emerging paradigm of digitization in economy and society, which covers a wide spectrum of digitization processes and consequences, accelerated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, the lockdown scenario, and the increase in digitization by individuals, businesses, and governments.The book explores digital social trends, digital marketing, and the service industry, as well as the societal consequences of technologies and solutions to those problems. The diverse topics include the societal impact of digitization on gender issues, virtual relationships, e-government, online privacy, the gig economy (using Uber as an example), work life changes, online education, online media health public service advertisements, loneliness of the elderly, and more.This book is essential reading for students and faculty of social sciences, economics, and management technology to understand the broad dimensions of digitization in our everyday life and the theoretical and practical utilization and outcome of digitization.

Scientists have been searching for signals from extraterrestrial civilizations since Frank Drake's first radio survey in 1960. But what would actually happen if SETI's search succeeds? Is there any way we could even make sense of the signal we receive? Written by an expert in communication systems and translation technology, this book explores the science of interstellar communication. It explains how this process may unfold, how an ET communication link would work, the types of information it could convey and how professionals, amateurs and ordinary people like you would participate in the effort to understand what another civilization has to say. Along the way, the book introduces readers to many aspects of modern-day communication systems and computing. Featured as well are dozens of illustrations, photos and real-world examples, rounding out this compelling foray into the mechanics of interstellar communication. “Scientists, policy makers,and all interested in the likely future discovery of alien life will want to read this book.” - Steven J. Dick, Former NASA Chief Historian

Teaching and Mobile Learning: Interactive Educational Design is a groundbreaking book which shows how to design innovative educational mobile learning environments to instructional designers, curriculum developers, and learning professionals. The book aims to solicit teachers, educators, and practitioners to adapt their teaching with the help of educational digital models related to mobile technologies. Mobile learning is a revolution in concepts like space, sound production, and learning to get more and more customized in always-connected and ever-changing educational mobile learning environments. Researchers and academicians can be trained in cognition processes in learning management of mixed reality and virtual bodies. Mixed reality mobile technologies are becoming tools for education and training in mixed reality mobile learning.Readers of this book will understand how user and device innovative interactions are borderline with attention deficit disorder, digital amnesia, and information overload. The book develops educational knowledge on how to manage mobile technology and specific learning disorders to monitor the use of smartphones and technology tools and to empower their role in learning enhancement processes.

The exciton mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity in copper oxides was initially proposed by Prof. J. Bardeen. His insight is largely shared by another luminary in superconductivity, Prof. V. L. Ginzburg. The main author of the book, Dr. Nie Luo, was motivated by their insights to give a geometrical explanation to the excitonic Coulomb interaction and has developed a unique formalism to understand and predict physical properties of high-Tc superconductors. This work is supported by increasingly strong evidence for electron–hole interactions in p-type cuprates. The presence of electrons in hole-doped cuprates is revealed by the works of the authors and many others, including the late Prof. L. P. Gor'kov. The book also tries to understand the interlayer Coulomb (ILC) pairing model by the excitonic Coulomb interaction. Developed by Prof. A. J. Leggett, ILC theory shares many views with Ginzburg's approach. The other author of the book, Prof. George H. Miley, shares with us his personal experience with Prof. Bardeen on the exciton's role in physics problems including high-Tc superconductivity. The results and predictions of this excitonic Coulomb mechanism have been verified by an increasing number of experiments. This book summarizes the current status and fathoms future directions.

The case studies provided in Case Studies for Advances in Paleoimaging will provide the reader with real-world scenarios and case examples that will help prepare researchers to discover new ways to apply the various modalities associated with the technology. This book is a follow-up to the Beckett and Conlogue's classic work Paleoimaging (2009) and companion to their new contribution Advances in Paleoimaging (2020). The case studies outlined demonstrate the problem-solving nature of imaging research and the application of critical thought to unique problems.Further, Case Studies for Advances in Paleoimaging demonstrates the incredible depth of application of these modalities including photography, endoscopy, x-ray fluorescence, plane radiography, digital radiography, and advanced imaging modalities like multi-detector computed tomography, micro-computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Of particular note, case study seven, Contrast Media Injections, informs the researcher regarding methods to bring out specific anatomic structures that may be the target of a given research question.Intended for students, faculty, and seasoned researchers, Case Studies for Advances in Paleoimaging presents actual cases from the authors'vast experience in the application of paleoimaging modalities in order to answer unique research problems. The book also serves as a field manual for current and future researchers as they approach similar or new cases that present unique challenges. These cases demonstrate how the varied imaging methodologies can provide data which greatly enriches our understanding of the subject at hand, be it ancient cultural remains, forensic recovery, museum holdings, or other anthropological and archaeological artifacts.

Nicht zu kommunizieren ist nicht möglich, und gut zu kommunizieren ist nicht einfach. Fachexpertise allein reicht jedenfalls nicht aus, um verständlich zu erklären, souverän vorzutragen und erfolgreich in den Medien aufzutreten. Dabei bergen wissenschaftliche Themen ganz spezifische Herausforderungen. Verbale Wissenschaftskommunikation ist eine Querschnittsaufgabe aus den Bereichen Strategie, Formulieren (Erklären und Erzählen), Rhetorik und Körpersprache. Für alle diese Bereiche vermittelt das Buch praktische Tipps mit zahlreichen Beispielen aus der Praxis. Es hilft Ihnen, zur „souveränen Expertin“ oder zum souveränen Experten zu werden – in (Medien-)Interviews, in Vorträgen, Gesprächen und Diskussionsrunden. 77 kurze und voneinander unabhängige Tipps machen das Buch ideal für die Lektüre zwischendurch.

Originally published in 1997 Evolutionary Change addresses the somatic mechanism of change. Although astounding advances in molecular biology have opened up new engineering possibilities to shape our future in terms of'improving'the human species as well as eradicating all kinds of pathological characteristics of biological development, these possibilities pose potentially serious dangers. They arise primarily from the local nature of changes that are introduced and the impact of the environment on the overall development of the biological system. The book explores the biological mechanisms of change in their entirety – as they fit into the general dynamics of biological systems – and demonstrates the pitfalls of tackling change from a narrow perspective, using cancer as an example of certain pathological manifestations of these mechanisms of change.

This Palgrave Policy Essential draws together recent developments in the field of science in government, policy and public debate. Practice and academic insights from a wide variety of fields have both moved on in the last decade and this book provides a consolidated survey of the relatively well established but highly scattered set of insights about the provision of deeply technical expertise in policy making (models of climate or disease, risk, Artificial Intelligence and ethics, and so on). It goes on to link this to emerging ideas about futures thinking, public engagement, narrative, and the role of values and sentiment alongside the place of scientific and scholarly insights in public decision-making and debate. The book offers an accessible overview aimed at practitioners; policy-makers looking to understand how to work with researchers, researchers looking to work with policy-makers, and the increasing numbers and types of “brokers” - people working at the interface,in science advice, public engagement and communication of science, and in expert support to decision-making in the public and private sectors. In addition to outlining recent insights and placing them in the established frameworks of authors such as Pielke and Jasanoff, the book also brings in relevant areas less traditionally associated with the subject but of increasing importance, such as modelling, futures and narrative.

Biocracy, a term invented by physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon, refers to the influence of biological science on society and its public policies. Beginning with the prophetic essay “Biopolitics: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy,†this book addresses various aspects of the relationships among the life sciences, society, and government. Included in the topics considered are some of the more critical issues of our time: the social responses to life science innovations; health and homeostasis as social concepts; the relationship between history and biology and that between the life sciences and the law; biocratic interpretations of ethical behavior and biopolitical conflicts; and the options, risks, and international consequences of biotechnology. Caldwell's book is a collection of articles that he wrote on this subject over a period of twenty-five years. Of the ten chapters, four have previously appeared in scholarly journals but have undergone extensive editorial revisions appropriate to this publication. The remaining six chapters have been presented at various professional meetings but have not hitherto been available in print.

This Print On Demand book will be sent within 3 weeks (metropolitan France) and in a separate package if you order another paperback book.Cet ouvrage en impression à la demande sera envoyé sous 3 semaines environ (France métropolitaine) et dans un colis séparé en cas de commande avec un autre livre papier.From SARS to avian influenza, Ebola virus and MERS-CoV, infectious diseases have received increasing attention in recent decades from scientists, risk managers, the media and the general public. What explains the constant emergence of infectious diseases? What are the related challenges?In five chapters, experts from different scientific fields analyse the ecological, social, institutional and political dynamics associated with emerging infectious diseases. This book discusses how the concepts, scientific results and action plans of international or governmental organizations are constructed and coordinated.In clear straightforward language, this book explores the continuities and discontinuities that occur with emerging infectious diseases, both in terms of collective action and in our relationship to the biological world. The French version of this book, Émergence de maladies infectieuses, is available on our website.La version française de ce titre, Émergence de maladies infectieuses, est disponible sur notre site.

Dieser Karriereratgeber liefert Transparenz im Dschungel des Wissenschaftssystems. Der erfahrene Wissenschaftler Rainer Meckenstock gibt konkrete Tipps für den eigenen Weg – vom Studium über die Doktoranden- und Postdoc-Zeit bis hin zur ersten Professur: Nach welchen Kriterien sollen sich angehende Forscher ihre Arbeitsgruppe aussuchen? Wie bauen sie ein Profil aus wissenschaftlicher und technischer Kompetenz auf? Welche Ziele sollten Jungforscher für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit im Auge behalten? Die Antworten werden mit Zeichnungen von Jan Frösler illustriert. Das Buch regt die Diskussion zwischen Nachwuchskräften und erfahrenen Wissenschaftlern oder Mentoren an und dient als Inspiration für ein Coaching. Es richtet sich an alle Wissenschaftler, um entweder die eigene Karriere oder die Ausbildung des Nachwuchses zu fördern. Ergänzend zeigen sieben Professorinnen und Professoren anhand ihrer Lebensläufe, wie vielfältig die Karrierewege in der Wissenschaft sein können, und geben ihre eigenen Erfolgsratschläge.

Packed with fascinating biographical sketches of female engineers, this chronological history of engineering brightens previously shadowy corners of our increasingly engineered world's recent past. In addition to a detailed description of the diverse arenas encompassed by the word ‘engineering'and a nuanced overview of the development of the field, the book includes numerous statistics and thought provoking facts about women's roles in the achievement of thrilling scientific innovations. This text is a unique resource for students launching research projects in engineering and related fields, professionals interested in gaining a broader understanding of how engineering as a discipline has been impacted by events of global significance, and scholars of women's immense, often obscured, contributions to scientific progress.

This book focuses on urban'green infrastructure'– the interconnected web of vegetated spaces like street trees, parks and peri-urban forests that provide essential ecosystem services in cities. The green infrastructure approach embodies the idea that these services, such as storm-water runoff control, pollutant filtration and amenities for outdoor recreation, are just as vital for a modern city as those provided by any other type of infrastructure. Ensuring that these ecosystem services are indeed delivered in an equitable and sustainable way requires knowledge of the physical attributes of trees and urban green spaces, tools for coping with the complex social and cultural dynamics, and an understanding of how these factors can be integrated in better governance practices. By conveying the findings and recommendations of COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs, this volume summarizes the collaborative efforts of researchers and practitioners from across Europe to address these challenges.

This book explores the promissory discourses and practices associated with the bioeconomy, focusing especially on the transformation of institutions; the creation, appropriation, and distribution of value; the struggle over resources, power, and meaning; and the role of altruism, kinship, and care practices. Governments and science enthusiasts worldwide are embracing the bioeconomy, championing it as the key to health, wealth, and sustainability, while citing it as justification to transform research and regulatory institutions, health and agricultural practices, ethics of privacy and ownership, and conceptions of self and kin. Drawing together studies from Asia, Australia, the Americas, and Europe, this volume encompasses subjects as diverse as regenerative medicine, population health research, agricultural finance, biobanking, assisted reproduction, immigration, breastfeeding, self-help groups, GM fish, and mining sewage.

This book examines the visual representations used in the popular communication of genetics. Drawing upon public science communication theories, information design theories, and social semiotics, the book offers both in-depth analyses and high-level synthesis of how genetics is visualized for the U.S. public from the early 20th century to the present. Individual chapters focus on six visual genres: photographs, micrographs, illustrations, genetic code images, quantitative graphs, and molecular structure images. Han Yu challenges readers to consider the significance of these images we often take for granted, including their historical contexts, scientific backstories, information richness, stylistic choices, economic motivations, and social implications. In doing so, the book reveals the complex cognitive, affective, and social-cultural factors that both shape and are shaped by these images. The book will be particularly useful to scholars of public science communication and visual communication, practitioners of science communication, and scientists from a range of related life science disciplines.

With very few people engaged in agriculture today, it is no surprise that most Americans have little understanding of the challenges that modern farmers face. This book provides readers a glimpse into life on a modern Missouri farm where a variety of grains, grass seed, corn, and cattle are produced. All of the conversations, events, and descriptions are drawn from the author's experience working alongside and observing this father and son family farm operation during the course of a year. Farming today is technologically complex and requires a broad set of skills that range from soil conservation, animal husbandry, and mechanics to knowledge of financial markets and computer technology. The focus on skills, in addition to the size of the financial risks, and the number of unexpected challenges along the way provides readers with a new perspective and appreciation for modern farm life.

This collection focuses attention on theoretical approaches to travel writing, with the aim to advance the discourse. Internationally renowned, as well as emerging, scholars establish a critical milieu for travel writing studies, as well as offer a set of exemplars in the application of theory to travel writing.

Animals in Irish Literature and Culture spans the early modern period to the present, exploring colonial, post-colonial, and globalized manifestations of Ireland as country and state as well as the human animal and non-human animal migrations that challenge a variety of literal and cultural borders.

Does the public trust science? Scientists? Scientific organizations? What roles do trust and the lack of trust play in public debates about how science can be used to address such societal concerns as childhood vaccination, cancer screening, and a warming planet? What could happen if social trust in science or scientists faded? These types of questions led the Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a 2-day workshop on May 5-6, 2015 on public trust in science. This report explores empirical evidence on public opinion and attitudes toward life sciences as they relate to societal issues, whether and how contentious debate about select life science topics mediates trust, and the roles that scientists, business, media, community groups, and other stakeholders play in creating and maintaining public confidence in life sciences. Does the Public Trust Science? Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society highlights research on the elements of trust and how to build, mend, or maintain trust; and examine best practices in the context of scientist engagement with lay audiences around social issues.

This book discusses ways of increasing production/unit area by making full use of the soil and water under the harsh climatic conditions of semiarid areas. This leads to improved sustainability, increased availability of fresh produce, which is vital for human health and higher incomes for small and marginal farmers. Arid and semiarid areas account for almost 70 per cent of the total cropped area of India. In these areas physical constraints like low and erratic rainfall, high temperature, high wind velocity, low fertility, poor soil structure, salinity of soil and ground water all limit reliable crop production. In the absence of any type of aggregation, the soils are highly erodible, lack structure and have a very coarse in texture with low water holding capacity. Intensive agricultural practices, increasing population pressure, climatic changes, environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, salinization and water depletion are all threatening the sustainability of agriculture. In view of the mounting demand for food, it is vital to link enhanced food production with nutritional security, conservation of natural resources, increasing farmers'incomes, employment generation through agricultural diversification. Horticulture, particularly of fruit trees, can play a major role in solving the problem of nutrition, as fruits are rich source of vitamins and minerals and have antioxidant properties. Fruit trees, which are mostly deciduous, add leaf litter to the soil, and this ultimately helps to improve the condition of the soil. In addition, fruit trees are known to reduce soil erosion and reduce run off. The trees also play a major role in purifying the environment as they are the known carbon sequesters. Fruit-tree cultivation is a profitable preposition. There is no scope to increase the land surface; all increase in productivity therefore has to be from the available land. This means introducing cropping systems that can meet the basic food,fodder and fuel requirement of farming families.

An unforgettable trip from the foundations of physical and biological existence to the psycho-social maladies currently undermining human prospects,'Escape from Quantopia'exposes the twin failings of science and capitalism, the double helix of the modern world. Prefigured by the deranged imperative to subsume nature and consciousness to deterministic equations, imperial America is killing the earth in the quest to dominate it. Why do elites pursue policies ultimately harmful even to themselves? How did warfare, whether military or economic, take on a life of its own beyond the reach of reason and compassion? Making the case for insanity at the group level, the author finds the basis of collective memory and mind in the pioneering work of CS Peirce, Henri Bergson, David Bohm, Rupert Sheldrake and Lee Smolin. Whether arising from primordial chemical soup or the unexamined recesses of the human mind, living systems tend to self-perpetuate. In light of the organic underpinnings of contemporary crises, Ted Dace proposes'organic socialism'as the best hope for establishing a new order of thought and life.

Questions of values, ontologies, ethics, aesthetics, discourse, origins, language, literature, and meaning do not lend themselves readily, or traditionally, to equations, probabilities, and models. However, with the increased adoption of natural science tools in economics, anthropology, and political science-to name only a few social scientific fie

Approx.417 pages

Agroforestry, the word coined in early seventies, has made its place in all the developed and the developing countries of the world and is now recognized as an important approach to ensuring food security and rebuilding resilient rural environments. India has been an all-time leader in agroforestry. The South and Southeast Asia region comprising India is often described as the cradle of agroforestry. Almost all forms of agroforestry systems exist across India in ecozones ranging from humid tropical lowlands to high-altitude and temperate biomes, and perhumid rainforest zones to parched drylands. The country ranks foremost among the community of nations not only in terms of this enormous diversity and long tradition of the practice of agroforestry, but also in fostering scientific developments in the subject. Agroforestry applies to private agricultural and forest lands and communities that also include highly erodible, flood-prone, economically marginal and environmentally sensitive lands. The typical situation is agricultural, where trees are added to create desired benefits. Agroforestry allows for the diversification of farm activities and makes better use of environmental resources. Owing to an increase in the population of human and cattle, there is increasing demand of food as well as fodder, particularly in developing countries like India. So far, there is no policy that deals with specifics in agroforestry in India. But, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research has been discussing on the scope of having a National Agroforestry Policy in appropriate platforms. However, evolving a policy requires good and reliable datasets from different corners of the country on the subject matter. This synthesis volume containing 13 chapters is an attempt to collate available information in a classified manner into different system ecologies, problems and solutions, and converging them into a policy support.

Examining culturally significant works of children's culture through a posthumanist, or animality studies lens, Animality and Children's Literature and Film argues that Western philosophy's objective to establish a notion of an exclusively human subjectivity is continually countered in the very texts that ostensibly work to this end.

Le développement et la commercialisation de plantes génétiquement modifiées ou de produits alimentaires qui en sont issus, ont suscité depuis les années 1990, et suscitent encore aujourd'hui, de nombreuses controverses. Confrontés aux diverses oppositions exprimées par le public, plusieurs pays ont eu recours ces dernières années à des comités d'éthique, ayant pour mission de procéder à une évaluation éthique de la diffusion de cultures de plantes transgéniques. Ces comités sont censés être pluralistes et fournir des avis indépendant. Afin d'examiner si tel est le cas, nous nous interrogeons sur la façon dont fonctionnent ces comités et analysons comment s'y pratique une éthique appliquée. Ces comités sont-ils effectivement des lieux où s'exprime une véritable pluralité de points de vue? Comment a-t-on construit des avis consensuels? Quels présupposés philosophiques président à la formation de ces avis? Les avis ont-ils été pris en compte par le politique? Ont-ils été à l'origine des débats ouverts et poursuivis dans d'autres arènes et milieux? Au vu de l'analyse du fonctionnement de ces comités et de l'examen du contenu de leurs avis, nous proposons enfin une méthode pour l'évaluation éthique des plantes transgéniques. L'ensemble de cette étude nous permettra de formuler des recommandations à la fois sur le fonctionnement des comités d'éthique et sur l'articulation de leur travail avec le débat public.

Traditional Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodologies affect the public health and environmental impacts from a material, product, process or activity. The authors of this book suggest that a more holistic approach that incorporates societal and behavioral dimensions will create better results. They discuss how to develop an adaptive framework that w

Eine Entdeckungsreise durch das Internet: Datenströme, Netzwerke und virtuelle RealitätenDas Internet Das World Wide Web Internet-Provider E-Mail Personal Computer Server Browser Markierungssprachen Suchmaschinen Web 2.0 Netiquette Blogs Aggregation Chat Filesharing Streamen von Medien Rich Content Drahtlos ins Internet Smartphones Malware, Spyware, Junkware Spam Privatsphäre im Internet Das „Deep Web“ Hacker Cyberwar Soziale Netzwerke Spielkonsolen Mashups Culture Jamming Online-Handel Online-Werbung Analyse des Web-Verkehrs OCR Maschinelle Übersetzungen Standortbezogene Dienste Virtuelle Objekte E-Government Crowdsourcing Freie Software Digitaler Vertrieb Cloud Computing Verbreitung nach Virenart Virtuelle Welten Avatare Netzneutralität Das semantische Netz Erweiterte Realität Konvergenz Das Internet der Dinge Aufmerksamkeit, Ablenkung, Zerstreuung_____Wir stecken mitten in einer kulturellen und technologischen Revolution, aber viele von uns haben in dem rapiden Wandel die Orientierung verloren und verstehen nur bedingt, was sich da abspielt. Der Band 50 Schlüsselideen Digitale Kultur liefert den roten Faden durch die verwirrend vielfältige Welt des Internets und klärt über die neuen Technologien auf, die nicht nur unsere Welt, sondern auch uns selbst verändern.Tom Chatfield, der zu den führenden Experten für diese neuen Technologien gehört, leitet uns sicher durch die grundlegenden digitalen Phänomene unserer Zeit: seien es die Browser, die wir zum Surfen im Web und für unsere Aktionen in den sozialen Netzwerken brauchen, die Frage, welche Auswirkungen die immer zerfahrener werdende Welt auf unsere Privatsphäre hat, oder das Culture Jamming, das Protestbewegungen immer häufiger bei ihrem Kampf gegen traditionelle Autoritäten einsetzen. Das Buch ist ein unverzichtbarer Leitfaden für die Reise in die digitale Zukunft, ob es um die Erforschung des Deep Web geht, das 99 Prozent des Internets umfasst und für die meisten Suchmaschinen unzugänglich bleibt, oder um die erweiterte Realität, die unsere Art und Weise, mit der Welt in Kontakt zu treten, grundlegend ändern wird. Von Malware zu Mashups, vom Spam zum semantischen Web, von Emails zu Avataren – 50 Schlüsselideen Digitale Kultur gehört zur Pflichtlektüre für alle, die versuchen möchten, die tiefgreifenden sozialen Änderungen des digitalen Zeitalters und ihren Einfluss auf unser Verhalten zu verstehen.

The editors of the Philosophy and Medicine series recognize with grat­ itude the foresight, understanding, hard labor, and patience of Prof. Kazumasa Hoshino. It is his perseverance that has made this volume a reality. It was his faith in ideas that brought together a cluster of scholars in Tokyo on September 2-4, 1994, at Sophia University for a U. S. -J apan Bioethics Congress. With the support of the Foundation for Advance­ ment of International Science, the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership, the Foundation of Thanatology, the Japanese Center for Quality of Life Studies, and Sophia University, scholars from Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United States were able to explore the differ­ ences and similarities in their approaches to bioethics and health care policy. That conference first produced a volume through Shibunkaku Publishers of Kyoto that appeared in 1995 in J apanese: The Dignity of Death, edited by Kazumasa Hoshino. Selections from those materials have been reworked for an English audience and now appear, along with new essays, in this volume. The field of comparative bioethics is only in its infancy. We are deeply grateful to Prof. Kazumasa Hoshino, one of the fathers of J apanese bioethics, for having made this volume possible. H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. Stuart F. Spicker Vll ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume's editors and Kluwer Academic Publishers wish to thank Shibunkaku Press, Kyoto, Japan, for permission to publish, without charge, essays derived from the U. S.

Das Buch richtet sich an Wissenschaftler, die sich mit dem noch relativ jungen medizinischen Feld der Versorgungsforschung beschäftigen. Der Leser findet eine gut verständliche und nachvollziehbare Anleitung, um erste eigene Schritte zu gehen. Und der geübte Versorgungsforscher kann das fundierte und durch die reichhaltige Projektarbeit der Autoren reflektierte Wissen nutzen, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln. Methodische Überlegungen zu qualitativen und quantitativen Verfahren werden von zahlreichen Beispielen unterlegt, die es dem Leser erlauben, ein eigenes Vorsorgungsforschungsprojekt zu konzipieren und durchzuführen. Hierbei sprechen die Autoren mögliche Fallstricke auf dem Weg an und ermutigen den Leser, sich auch noch auf der Zielgeraden eine gesunde Portion Selbstkritik zu bewahren. Gute Versorgungsforschung ist wegen der komplexen Materie eben kein leichtes, aber ein durchaus lohnendes Unterfangen.

This book covers technical fundamentals, complexity and social networks, and communication and language. It raises readers'interest in social networks, the importance of language in the emergence and maintenance of networks, the integral patterns of interconnectivity, and the means to measure and model social structure. It presents a broad range o

Macht und Ohnmacht liegen in der Politik eng beieinander – ebenso wie Erfolg und Misserfolg. Worin erfolgreiche Politik bestehen und wie sie konkret entstehen kann, untersucht dieser Sammelband facettenartig. In seinem Mittelpunkt stehen die persönlichen Einsichten von über zwanzig prominenten Politikern. Welche Faktoren zu erfolgreicher Politik beitragen, untersuchen zudem zahlreiche bekannte Beobachter des politischen Geschehens – in allgemeinverständlicher und zugleich pointierter Weise. Die Beiträge in diesem Buch bieten Einblicke, wie Ziele und Werte in die Politik gelangen; sie befassen sich mit Mitteln und Wegen, die erfolgreiche Politik nutzen kann; sie analysieren, welche Formen des Monologs und Dialogs dabei hilfreich sind.

The accession of Spain and Portugal to membership of the European Community in January 1985 not only brought new vitality to the European initiative, but served as a powerful reminder of the broader dimensions of the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking worlds. A reinforcement of Europe's natural and historical interna­ tionalism of outlook was particularly relevant in the context of biotechnology; for the sophisticated multi-disciplinary scientific base, and the several broad application areas, force on biotechnol­ ogy an internationalism both for access to scientific capability, and for access to worldwide markets. Such was the rationale for'SOBELA': a'Seminar on Biotechnol­ ogy in Europe and Latin America', which in April 1987 brought some 50 Latin American entrepreneurs, policy-makers and academic leaders to Europe and to Brussels. At the Commission's Borschette Conference Centre, they heard presentations from eleven of the Community Member States, each emphasising its strengths in bio­ technology and its interest in promoting industrial collaboration with firms in Latin America. The seminar was opened by speeches from Vice-President Karl­ Heinz Narjes on behalf of the Commission, and by His Excellency Luis Ramiro Alfonsin of Argentina, senior Latin American diplomat in Brussels. In the closing session, Directors-General Paolo Fasella (Science, Research and Development, DG XII) and Jean Durieux (External Relations, DG I) welcomed Their Excellencies the ambas­ sadors from Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia.

This book is a work of conscience. It is the product of a long-standing feeling of obligation on my part to write something useful for a special group of people to which you probably belong-individuals who seek grants. In my years as Director of the New York library of The Foundation Center, • each and every day I encountered numbers of individuals look­ ing for grant money. Although I tried to be as supportive as possible, in the face of the particular problems shared by this group of library users, my own reaction was one of relative helplessness. Simply stated, most of the fund-raising guides, printed directories, and computer files purport­ edly created to serve the fund-raising public are of little or no use to individuals who seek funding on their own. These resources are directed •The Foundation Center is the independent, nonprofit organization established by foun­ dations to provide information for the grant-seeking public. vii viii I PREFACE toward the nonprofit, tax-exempt agency, which is the most common recipient of foundation, corporate, and government largess. They are not designed to respond to the special requirements of the individual grant seeker. In the applicant eligibility index, the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance defines individuals as'homeowners, students, farmers, artists, scientists, consumers, small-business persons, minors, refugees, aliens, veterans, senior citizens, low-income persons, health and educational professionals, builders, contractors, developers, handicapped persons, the physically afflicted.'In short, practically everyone qualifies.

At all times physicians were bound to pursue not only medical tasks, but to reflect also on the many anthropological and metaphysical aspects of their discipline, such as on the nature of life and death, of health and sickness, and above all on the vital ethical dimensions of their practice. For centuries, almost for two millennia, how­ ever, those who practiced medicine lived in a relatively clearly defined ethical and implicitly philosophical or religious'world-order'within which they could safely turn to medical practice, knowing right from wrong, or at least being told what to do and what not to do. Today, however, the situation has radically changed, mainly due to three quite different reasons: First and most obviously, physicians today are faced with a tremendous development of new possibilities and techniques which allow previously unheard of medical interventions (such as cloning, cryo-conservation, ge­ netic interference, etc.) which call out for ethical reflection and wise judgment but regarding which there is no legal and medical ethical tradition. Traditional medical education did not prepare physicians for coping with this new brave world of mod­ em medicine. Secondly, there are the deep philosophical crises and the philosophical diseases of medicine mentioned in the preface that lead to a break-down of firm and formative legal and ethical norms for medical actions.

Regulations on human subjects research have evolved over a 20-year period and now provide a formal set of requirements for the conduct of federally sponsored studies. Over time, government regulations, like taboos in primitive societies, develop a life of their own, seemingly dissociated from their origins and justifica­ tions. When the investigator suffers the burdens of trying to comply with com­ plex rules, it is easy for him or her to lapse into a frustration that can be eased by being informed or reminded of why the rules were created in the first place and what they were designed to accomplish. Dennis Maloney's work provides a handy historical record of the processes by which the regulations were created and modified. He also recounts his own experience with research at Boys Town and provides instructions on how to cope with the system. It is difficult to find in one place the current status and appropriate citations for regulations as well as the contacts and know-how to obtain more information on the subject. In this respect, by providing a history and guide to interpretation and compliance,'Protection of Human Subjects'is a reference of importance and utility to the investigator entering into or working in the field of biomedical or behavioral research involving human subjects.

At the start of the new millennium, mankind is challenged by a paradox: the greater the apparent knowledge becomes, the greater the uncertainty in understanding and predicting how the world works appears. This book presents the outline of a new basis of Systems Science and a methodology for its applications in complex environmental, economic, social, and technological systems.

Unter dem Titel „Menschen-Bilder: Darstellungen des Humanen in der Wissenschaft“ zeichnen im Band 54 der Heidelberger Jahrbücher Vertreter eines breiten Spektrums wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen ‚Menschen-Bilder‘ aus ihrem jeweiligen, fachspezifischen Blickwinkel heraus.

Investigations in space have led to fundamental discoveries of the human body to the space environment. Gilles Clément has conducted extensive research in this field. This readable text presents the findings from the life science experiments conducted during and after space missions. About 1200 human space flights have been completed to date, including more than 500 astronauts from various countries, for a combined total presence in space of about 90 years. The first edition of this title was published in 2005 (written in 2003 – 2004), and new data is now available from crewmembers participating in long-duration flights on board the International Space Station (ISS). The number of astronauts who have spent six months in orbit has doubled since 2004. On board the ISS, the astronauts use newly developed pharmaceutical countermeasure for bone loss (such as biophosphonates) and state-of-the-art exercise resistive devices against muscle atrophy and cardiovascular deterioration. The ISS life support systems now use advanced closed-loop systems for meeting the needs of a 6-person crew, including recycling urine to water. Some of these new technologies have potential spin-offs for medical (i.e., sedentary life style, obesity) and environmental issues here on Earth. And finally, there are new space research opportunities with the Orion space vehicle that will soon replace the Space Shuttle, the Moon, and Mars space exploration program that is slowly but surely taking shape, and the space tourism sector that has become a reality. The focus on this edition is the ISS, Orion and planetary exploration, and space tourism. This edition also includes more than 20% new material, along with photographs, data, and video clips for Springer Extras!

Das „Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1933-1986'enthält Namen und Biographien von insgesamt 975 Professoren, darunter 19 Professorinnen. Aufgenommen wurden alle planmäßigen außerordentlichen und ordentlichen Professoren, die zwischen 1933 und 1986 an der Universität Heidelberg gelehrt haben. Der Band schließt lückenlos an die vorangegangenen drei Bände des 1981 ins Leben gerufenen Projektes an und gibt damit einen Überblick über die Professorenschaft von 1386 bis 1986 mit insgesamt 2843 Professoren und amtierenden Magister. Die Anlage des Lexikons ist analog zu den Vorgängerbänden gestaltet. Das Lexikon 1933-1986 ist in Fortsetzung zu den vorherigen Bänden ein wichtiges Nachschlagewerk für Forschungen zur Neueren Geschichte, Wissenschafts-, Universitäts-, Sozial-, Bildungs- und Kulturgeschichte sowie der Sozialgeographie. Daneben leistet es einen wichtigen Beitrag zur nationalen, regionalen und sozialen Zusammensetzung und Fluktuation des deutschen und internationalen Gelehrtenstandes im Dritten Reich und der Nachkriegszeit.

Observations Plus Recipes It has been said that science is the orderly collection of facts about the natural world. Scientists, however, are wary of using the word ‘fact.'‘Fact'has the feeling of absoluteness and universality, whereas scientific observations are neither ab- lute nor universal. For example, ‘children have 20 deciduous [baby] teeth'is an observation about the real world, but scientists would not call it a fact. Some children have fewer deciduous teeth, and some have more. Even those children who have exactly 20 deciduous teeth use the full set during only a part of their childhood. When they are babies and t- dlers, children have less than 20 visible teeth, and as they grow older, children begin to loose their deciduous teeth, which are then replaced by permanent teeth. ‘Children have 20 deciduous [baby] teeth'is not even a complete scientific sta- ment. For one thing, the statement ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth'does not tell us what we mean by ‘teeth.'When we say “teeth,” do we mean only those that can seen be with the unaided eye, or do we also include the hidden, unerupted teeth? An observation such as ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth'is not a fact, and, by itself, it is not acceptable as a scientific statement until its terms are explained: scientifically, ‘children have 20 deciduous teeth'must be accompanied by definitions and qualifiers.

September 11, 2001 in the U.S., March 11, 2004 in Madrid – just two examples of a series of major terror attacks against NATO member states on both sides of the Atlantic. We now know that international terrorism is capable of transboundary planning and military style execution of attacks, resulting in several thousand dead and wounded. In the future even larger terror attacks can no longer be ruled out, including the deployment of weapons of mass destruction. This new form of catastrophic terrorism poses a major challenge to the first responder community in their search and rescue operations, since these new threats represent an unprecedented risk for their health, possibly even questioning their own survival. Since the first responders are the first line of defence of every community in the aftermath of such a terror attack, it is essential for every community to ensure that its first responders are able to provide their valuable services even in such extreme situations. In this important new book a group of experts represents the current knowledge on the various terrorism threats to first responders resulting from the novel use of conventional weapons, as well radiological, nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. Also, the current situation in selected countries of different sizes and practical experience with terrorism countermeasures (Austria, Israel, Slovenia, Russia, U.S.) is reviewed, focusing on the national operational logistics and the individual needs for improving the present situation. Finally, this book offers innovative solutions to strengthen the level of protection of the first responders, culminating in fifty-one practically applicable recommendations.