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The fourth volume in this series is a proceedings volume based on papers presented at the 5th Innovations in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research conference. Chapters are written by some of the most innovative minds in stem cell and tissue engineering research, and provide a comprehensive overview of papers from the most recent conference. The volume addresses tissue engineering principles and applications, including current trends and challenges, as well as future directions. Cutting edge topics of interest include production of functional tissues, vascularization and immune responses, and functionalization of scaffolds. Volumes in this series are invaluable resources for active researchers, clinicians, and professionals in industry, as well as students across a broad range of fields.

This book presents cutting-edge papers and perspectives on the transport of oxygen to tissues by scientists in a multitude of disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, veterinary and complementary medicine. The book is composed of the following 7 parts: 50th Anniversary, Brain, Clinical applications, Methods and techniques, Tumor Oxygenation, Tissue oxygenation and Muscle. The articles in this book have been presented at the 50th annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT 2023). Academics, clinical and industry researchers, engineers, as well as graduate students who are interested in oxygen transport to tissue will find this book a great reference and a useful learning resource.

A hands-on approach to quantitative reasoning in the life sciencesQuantitative Biosciences establishes the quantitative principles of how living systems work across scales, drawing on classic and modern discoveries to present a case study approach that links mechanisms, models, and measurements. Each case study is organized around a central question in the life sciences: Are mutations dependent on selection? How do cells respond to fluctuating signals in the environment? How do organisms move in flocks given local sensing? How does the size of an epidemic depend on its initial speed of spread? Each question provides the basis for introducing landmark advances in the life sciences while teaching students—whether from the life sciences, physics, computational sciences, engineering, or mathematics—how to reason quantitatively about living systems given uncertainty.Draws on real-world case studies in molecular and cellular biosciences, organismal behavior and physiology, and populations and ecological communitiesStand-alone lab guides available in Python, R, and MATLAB help students move from learning in the classroom to doing research in practiceHomework exercises build on the lab guides, emphasizing computational model development and analysis rather than pencil-and-paper derivationsSuitable for capstone undergraduate classes, foundational graduate classes, or as part of interdisciplinary courses for students from quantitative backgroundsCan be used as part of conventional, flipped, or hybrid instruction formatsAdditional materials available to instructors, including lesson plans and homework solutions

This book presents cutting-edge papers and perspectives on the transport of oxygen to tissues by scientists in a multitude of disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, veterinary and complementary medicine. The book is composed of the following 6 parts: Brain Oxygenation and Function, Tumor Oxygenation and Metabolism, Muscle Oxygenation and Sports Medicine, Cell Metabolism and Tissue Oxygenation, Methodology of O2 Measurements, and Special Topics. The articles in this book have been presented at the 49th annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT 2022). Academics, clinical and industry researchers, engineers, as well as graduate students who are interested in oxygen transport to tissue will find this book a great reference and a useful learning resource.

Volume Electron Microscopy (vEM), Volume 177 is a collective term for a set of three-dimensional high-resolution ultrastructural imaging techniques that have delivered new insights into biological systems in recent years, garnering substantial interest in the life and clinical sciences. In this book, users will find a variety of vEM workflows and technologies, highlighting application areas with biologically relevant examples. Topics covered include Automated large volume sample preparation for vEM, Resin comparison for Serial Block Face Scanning Volume Electron Microscopy, Immunolabelling for SBF-SEM, Electron Microscopy in Plants, Serial section electron tomography, Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy (ATUM) for targeting neuropathology, Array tomography, and much more. Other sections focus on Mitochondria morphometry in 3d datasets of mouse brain obtained with serial block-face Scanning Electron Microscopy, Serial Block-face Scanning Electron Microscopy of Schmidtea mediterranea, Correlative multiscale microCT-SBF-SEM imaging of resin-embedded tissue, Methods of enhanced FIB-SEM sample preparation and image acquisition, Functional characterization of endo-lysosomal compartments by correlative live-cell and volume electron microscopy, and much more. Includes chapters written by key leaders and developers in the field Provides detailed protocols, allowing for the application of workflows in one's own laboratory setting Presents real tips and tricks you won't get from standard research papers

In Molecular and Computational Modeling of Cardiac Function, a group of prominent professors and researchers explain the fundamental concepts of molecular modeling and illustrate the biomedical applications. The book covers the following topics: Principles of atomistic modeling and simulation of biomolecular systems. Using atomistic modeling to predict the cardiotoxicity of an arrhythmia drug molecule. Bifurcation phenomena in cardiac system as control design of automaticity and arrhythmia. Modeling the role of myoglobin as a fatty acid transporter. Population-based computational approaches to investigate cardiac arrhythmia.

Transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool for looking at small physical specimens from nanomaterials, metal alloys and other structural materials, to microorganisms, tissues and biomacromolecules. The book covers microscope design and explains how the miscoscope functions and operates. It provides the essential theoretical and practical information in a compact manner together with case studies and a summary of good operator practices.

A First Course in Systems Biology, Third Edition is an introduction to the growing field of systems biology for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Its focus is the design and analysis of computational models and their applications to diverse biomedical phenomena, from simple networks and kinetics to complex pathway systems, signal transduction, personalized medicine, and interacting populations. The book begins with the fundamentals of computational modeling, then reviews features of the molecular inventories that bring biological systems to life and ends with case studies that reflect some of the frontiers in systems biology. In this way, the First Course provides the reader with a comprehensive background and with access to methods for executing standard tasks of biomedical systems analysis, exposure to the modern literature, and a foundation for launching into specialized projects that address biomedical questions with theoretical and computational means.This third edition has been thoroughly updated. It provides an introduction to agent-based and multiscale modeling, a deeper account of biological design principles, and the optimization of metabolic flux distributions. This edition also discusses novel topics of synthetic biology, personalized medicine, and virtual clinical trials that are just emerging on the horizon of this field.

Die 3. Auflage des Handbuchs bietet Klinikern, Laboratoriumsmedizinern, experimentell Forschenden sowie allen, die sich für den Liquor cerebrospinalis interessieren, in der täglichen Praxis eine schnelle und fundierte Orientierung über den aktuellen Wissensstand der Liquordiagnostik. Methoden und Indikationsstellungen zur Gewinnung des Liquor cerebrospinalis sowie die Analyseverfahren, Messparameter und Befundkonstellationen werden im Licht der neuesten Erkenntnisse ausführlich dargestellt. Das Buch ermöglicht eine umfassende Einsicht in methodische und interpretatorische Aspekte aller klinisch bedeutsamen Liquorparameter sowie in den Stellenwert der Liquordiagnostik heute. Neben den aktuellen Entwicklungen in Immunologie, Molekularbiologie und Proteinanalytik sowie der Standardisierung und Qualitätssicherung ist in der Neuauflage erstmals ein 50-seitiger Zytologieatlas mit exemplarischen Fallbeschreibungen Teil dieses Lehrbuches, welcher sich konzeptionell am stufenweisen Erfassen eines zytologischen Präparats orientiert und daher auch besonders für Einsteiger in die Liquorzytologie geeignet ist. Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Liquordiagnostik und Klinische Neurochemie e.V. (DGLN).

For decades, Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics and Genomics has served as the ultimate resource for clinicians integrating genetics and genomics into medical practice. With detailed coverage in contributions from more than 250 of the world's most trusted authorities in medical genetics and a series of 11 volumes available for individual sale, the seventh edition of this classic reference includes the latest information on seminal topics such as prenatal diagnosis, genome sequencing, public health genetics, and genetic counseling. Volumes 3–11 cover diagnosis, management, and treatment of both rare and common disorders in all organ systems. Students, medical providers, and researchers all benefit from the latest information about the role of the genome in health and disease. This comprehensive yet practical resource emphasizes theory and research fundamentals across the full spectrum of applications to medicine. In this volume, leading physicians and researchers thoroughly examine medical genetics and genomics as applied to endocrine, skin, connective tissue and skeletal disorders, with emphasis on understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying these conditions, diagnostic approaches, and treatment methods that make use of current genomic technologies and translational studies. With regular advances in genomic technologies propelling precision medicine into the clinic, Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics and Genomics, seventh edition, bridges the gap between high-level molecular genetics and genomics and practical application and serves as an invaluable clinical tool for the health professionals and researchers. - Thoroughly introduces genetic researchers, students, and healthcare professionals to the genetic and genomic bases of endocrinologic, dermatologic, connective tissue, and skeletal disorders - Includes color images supporting identification, concept illustration, and method processing - Features contributions by leading international researchers and specialist medical practitioners

Cell Signaling provides undergraduate and graduate students with the conceptual tools needed to make sense of the dizzying array of pathways that cells use to detect, process, and respond to signals from the environment. By emphasizing the common design principles and molecular processes that underlie all signaling mechanisms, the book develops a broad conceptual framework through which students can understand diverse signaling pathways and networks. The book first examines the common currencies of cellular information processing and the core components of the signaling machinery. It then shows how these individual components link together into networks and pathways to perform more sophisticated tasks. Many specific examples are provided throughout to illustrate common principles, and to provide a comprehensive overview of major signaling pathways.Thoroughly revised, this second edition includes two new chapters and substantial updates to the text and figures throughout the book.Key features: The book provides a conceptual framework through which all signaling pathways can be understood without memorization of details It is extensively illustrated, including high-quality diagrams and schematics to elucidate important concepts and processes Each chapter concludes with a useful summary section that brings together the key concepts End-of-chapter review questions test the reader's understanding of the material covered Two new chapters have been written especially for this edition:'Signaling and Disease'and'Diversity in Signaling across Phylogeny'

The cells in our body release a wide variety of factors into the extracellular space that help to signal, regulate and build the extracellular matrix. One of the most fascinating of these factors are extracellular vesicles (EVs). These lipid membrane-covered particles have now emerged as a new powerful method of near and distant intercellular communication. EVs facilitate communication between cells and their extracellular environment, which includes solid tissues and body fluids. This volume summarizes current knowledge on EVs as integral and active components of the extracellular matrix. It covers topics such as the interplay between EVs and ECM molecules and how cancer cells modify their microenvironment by releasing EVs. Additionally, it discusses how EVs can mediate tissue repair and regeneration by modulating matrix degradation, protein cross-linking, and matrix calcification. The book explores instances where EVs play a crucial role in conditions related to matrix biology, such as cancer and arthritis, and considers their potential as therapeutic agents for these medical conditions. Both experienced researchers and clinicians, as well as PhD students who wish to study the extracellular matrix and extracellular vesicles will find this book is an excellent introduction into the field of EV biology with applications in matrix research. The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology and the International Society for Matrix Biology.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a prevalent post-translational modification of numerous intracellular proteins. This modification has recently emerged as a key regulator of various important biological processes, including gene transcription, stress response, metabolic homeostasis, and immune regulation. Given the critical role of O-GlcNAc in normal physiology, increasing evidence has now demonstrated that deregulation of O-GlcNAc is closely associated with the development and progression of various diseases, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress and understanding of this modification in biology, and likely provides new research directions in the future.

A leading scientist's guide to the way our immune system protects us—but only most of the time What is our immune system, and how does it work? A vast array of cells, proteins and chemicals spring into action whenever our bodies are damaged, but immunity is not something you can see, touch or feel. It can fight off malicious bacteria and viruses, locate cancerous growths, and even re-wire our brains – but sometimes our own tissues can get caught in its crossfire, with catastrophic consequences. Humans may be the most disease-ridden animals on the planet. Professor John Trowsdale shows how the immune system protects us, and how our bodies invest huge resources to keep it running. Immunity influences how we age, and controls how we learn to fight off recurring diseases, and how our bodies respond to chronic conditions such as heart disease and dementia. But, in the case of allergies and autoimmune conditions, it can also easily get things wrong. What the Body Knows is a hugely readable account of a fascinating phenomenon—one which, for good or for ill, impacts every aspect of our lives.

The increasing demand for innovative techniques arises from the lack of safe, effective, and patient-friendly therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. With this objective in mind, the chapters of the book are structured to offer a thorough insight into recent advancements in utilizing the zebrafish (ZF) as a model for studying Parkinson's disease (PD). This book aims to present readers with a comprehensive understanding of the clinical application of the ZF model in treating PD, encompassing the latest developments, challenges, safety considerations, toxicity issues, regulatory aspects, future potential, and limitations. Individuals in academia, the scientific community, business, and education seeking a more effective approach to target the brain stand to benefit from this resource.Key Features Provides a comparative perspective of the zebrafish–Parkinson's disease model Highlights the restrictions of available medicines Describes biochemical and histopathological characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of this model Emphasizes distinct facets of histopathology Presents advances and developments of the future potential perspectives

The book dissects the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, i.e. cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The chapters discuss topics related to the role reactive oxygen species (ROS) play in hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity and related pathologies. One chapter discusses the clinical efficacy and safety considerations of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors in obesity management and the associated cardiovascular complications. Another chapter discusses the context-dependent roles of matrix metalloproteases, and how their activity can be modulated and utilized for the development of improved drugs for cardiometabolic diseases. Moreover, how ROS and aging interplay to precipitate cardiovasculo-metabolic disease is discussed and highlighted. Similarly, how sex and sepsis interplay in the context of cardiorenal disease is teased out in one of the chapters. Preventive measures that can abrogate ROS-induced cardiovasclo-metabolic disease are discussed and clarified in the hope of reducing such a debilitating battery of diseases. Another chapter is fully dedicated to the roles of ROS in atherosclerosis, while another chapter deals with mechanisms and effect of ROS on various phenotypes of adipose tissues in the context of cardiovasculo-metabolic disease. A chapter also discusses the link between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cardiovascular impairments, and how ROS plays a significant role in TBI-induced cardiovascular disease. A section dedicated to antioxidants as potential therapy is also included. Given the complexity of the mechanisms implicated in ROS-modulated responses, it remains challenging to assert a conclusive argument and pre-determined regimen for incorporating antioxidants into conventional therapies. In all of the chapters, the molecular, cellular, genetic, and pharmacological mechanisms implicated are covered from an applied science perspective. This is an ideal book for basic researchers in the biomedical field, graduate students in biological and biomedical fields, medical students, instructors in medical and graduate schools, and professionals working for pharmaceutical companies.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of deaths worldwide. The eighth volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Lung Cancer Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive reviews on the mechanisms of lung cancer. Fundamental elements of a lung cancer multidisciplinary team are discussed. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung cancer, and the roles of tumor immune microenvironment, NK cells, RNA, micro-RNA, and long-non coding RNA in lung cancer are explained. A comprehensive genomic profiling in lung cancer in the era of immunotherapy approaches is also provided in this volume. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers, oncologists, and oncosurgeons who wish to extend their knowledge on lung cancer.

As the age of childbearing increases, reduced female gamete (egg) quality has emerged as the primaery cause of infertility in women. This book addresses molecular mechanisms that regulate oocyte quality as well as intrinsic and extrinsic factors that compromise these mechanisms. Eggs are produced through a unique cell division called meiosis. Oocyte meiosis is initiated early in fetal life. Shortly before birth, the oocyte undergoes a prolonged arrest at prophase I until the age of puberty, at which selected oocytes resume meiosis I. Following meiotic resumption and during oocyte maturation, tight regulation of nuclear and DNA-related mechanisms ensures proper homologous chromosome segregation prior to another arrest at metaphase II. Any errors prior to completion of meiosis I can lead to chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy, the most common genetic cause of miscarriage and congenital disorders such as Down syndrome. In addition to nuclear maturation, several cytoplasmic processes are orchestrated to support cell division and to generate developmentally competent eggs capable of supporting fertilization and early embryonic development. The interaction between these nuclear and cytoplasmic processes is critical for producing good-quality oocytes. This volume in the Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology book series presents current reviews by leading experts. It offers valuable insights for researchers, physicians and Ph.D. students interested in reproductive biology, particularly oocyte quality and meiosis.

Develop natural solutions to biomedical problems with this introduction A natural polymer is one that forms from biosynthetic or biochemical processes typically found in nature, with corresponding advantages in biocompatibility and biodegradability. These advantages give natural polymers a range of applications, from the use of polysaccharides as structural components to the use of polyphenols as antioxidant active ingredients. In biomedical engineering they are clearly preferable to synthetic polymers in numerous cases, and their applications are more numerous every day. Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive summary of these polymers and their biomedical applications. It covers the sources, structures, and properties of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and polypeptides, as well as analyzing the latest advances in polymer-based biomedical technologies. The result has ramifications in a vast range of industries and research areas. In Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications readers will also find: Applications including drug and cell delivery, cell and organoid cultures, tissue regeneration, and moreDetailed analysis of alginate, cellulose, quercetin, silk fibroin, and many othersA logical, easy-to-use structure to facilitate rapid access to pertinent information Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications is ideal for materials scientists, polymer chemists, biochemists, and any researcher or professional in biomedical or pharmaceutical industries.

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)'as part of Springer Nature's longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 21stvolume of a continuing series.

This book aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic understanding of research on extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are nano-sized lipid bilayer encapsulated membranes carrying proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. They are shed by the majority of the cells into the extracellular milieu and present in many biological fluids (blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, follicular fluid, semen, lung lavage, and tears). With numerous research publications in recent years, the study of EVs is the emerging field across plenty of disciplines. Many researches and efforts have shown their biogenesis, multiple roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes, and their potential roles as therapeutic agents. The book is organized by outstanding scientists in EV field from the Chinese Society for Extracellular Vesicle (CSEV). It covers the biological basic research of EVs, especially on technologies and methods, as well as the clinical application of EVs as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapy.

Mitophagy in Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Health Implications, and Therapeutic Opportunities is a complete reference to this key cellular process involved in homeostasis. The book addresses the machinery and mechanisms of mitophagy, including an overview of mito-biogenesis and dynamics and specific types of mitophagy. Other sections cover mitophagy across the human lifespan, from development to aging, discussing the interplay between inflammation and several conditions. The final part covers therapeutic opportunities presented by targeting mitophagy, including inducers and inhibitors, targeting strategies, and studies specific to cardioprotection and neurodegenerative diseases prevention. This is the ideal reference for cellular and molecular biologists needing a consistent and thorough overview of the subject, as well as research physicians in areas where mitochondria play a key role. - Covers biologic machinery and mechanisms involved with mitophagy - Explores changes in mitophagy across the human lifespan - Points out directions in targeting mitophagy with therapeutic interventions

DNA Damage and Chromosomal Instability, Volume 182 in the Methods in Cell Biology series, presents interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Induction of chromosome-specific micronuclei and chromothripsis by centromere inactivation, Generation of aneuploid cells and assessment of their ability to survive in presence of chemotherapeutic agents, Genetic reporters to detect and quantify homologous recombination in yeast, Mapping histone variant genomic distribution: exploiting SNAP- Tag labelling to follow the dynamics of incorporation of H3 variants, Enrichment of DNA replication intermediates by EdU pull down, Nascent DNA sequencing and its diverse applications in genome integrity research, and much more. Additional chapters cover Enrichment of DNA replication intermediates by EdU pull down, DNA curtains for studying phase separation mechanisms of DNA-organizing proteins, Visualizing the Dynamics of DNA Replication and Repair at the Single-Molecule Molecule Level, Cloning and Expansion of Repetitive DNA Sequences, Using an ImageJ-based script to detect replication stress and associated cell cycle exit from G2 phase by fluorescence microscopy Arne Lindqvist - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Methods in Cell Biology series - Updated release includes the latest information on the DNA Damage and Chromosomal Instability

Organizers in Development, Volume 157 in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as The organizer: what it meant, and means, to developmental biology, Organizers/signaling regions that pattern the limb, Organizers/signaling regions in the branchial arches, The notochord/floor plate as a possible organizer, Transport and gradient formation of Wnt and Fgf in the early zebrafish gastrula, and more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Development Biology series - Updated release includes the latest information on Organizers in Development

A concise primer that complicates a convenient truth in biology—the divide between germ and somatic cells—with far-reaching ethical and public policy ramifications. Scientists have long held that we have two kinds of cells—germ and soma. Make a change to germ cells—say using genome editing—and that change will appear in the cells of future generations. Somatic cells are “safe” after such tampering; modify your skin cells, and your future children's skin cells will never know. And, while germ cells can give rise to new generations (including all of the somatic cells in a body), somatic cells can never become germ cells. How did scientists discover this relationship and distinction between somatic and germ cells—the so-called Weismann Barrier—and does it actually exist? Can somatic cells become germ cells in the way germ cells become somatic cells? That is, can germ cells regenerate from somatic cells even though conventional wisdom denies this possibility? Covering research from the late nineteenth century to the 2020s, historian and philosopher of science Kate MacCord explores how scientists came to understand and accept the dubious concept of the Weismann Barrier and what profound implications this convenient assumption has for research and policy, from genome editing to stem cell research, and much more.

Estimates based on sequencing data suggest that there are around 5.1 million species of fungi. Yet only a small number of fungi are harmful to animals, including humans. In addition to host-pathogen interactions, there are also mutualistic interactions between fungi and animals. Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi range from allergic reactions and superficial infections to invasive mycoses, and have a significant impact on human and animal life. Fungi are also cultivated by animals as a food source in highly developed relationships or are even involved in gut mutualism. This 3rd edition of Volume 6 of The Mycota highlights exemplary interactions between fungal pathogens and their host(s). The book is organized in three parts: Part 1 summarizes our current understanding of important pathogenic fungi such as Candida species, Malassezia yeasts, Aspergillus fumigatus and fungi of the order Mucorales. Part 2 addresses the characterization of the host response towards pathogenic fungi. It focuses on RNA as a mediator of host-pathogen interactions, the human gut mycobiome, the role of the innate immune system in fighting infections, pattern recognition receptors involved in fungal infections, and a summary of established infection models for studying host-fungal-pathogen interactions. Part 3 provides insights into the impact transcriptomics and proteomics technologies have on the research of human-pathogenic fungi. The up-to-date reviews by experts in the field provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the various research topics in the field of human and animal relationships with fungi and will hopefully help researchers to find inspiration for their own research.

This book provides an insightful journey into the realm of chloroplast biology. Chloroplasts are the organelles that perform photosynthesis and many of the metabolic processes in plant cells. They are a specialized form of plastids, whose differentiation is dependent on environmental and developmental signaling. Descended from a lineage of free-living, photosynthesizing prokaryotes, chloroplasts and other plastids contain remnants of their ancient genomes and chloroplast gene expression is essential for establishing functional organelles. Chloroplast gene expression has features of the prokaryotic gene expression but now involves large suites of nuclear proteins. Topics discussed are: the identification of these nuclear factors how chloroplast RNA is processed to produce functional organelles translation in chloroplasts and its regulation the environmental factors that influence chloroplast development and how plants deal with defective chloroplasts. The book also highlights the evolving landscape of chloroplast engineering in biotechnology, recent breakthroughs and their implications for the future. A valuable resource for researchers, students, and enthusiasts alike, this book is a compelling testament to the fascinating world of chloroplasts and their burgeoning role in scientific innovation.

This book presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.​ In this thoroughly updated and expanded second edition, the author covers mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology, various sources of MSCs, and the therapeutic potential of MSCs. Tooth regeneration, dental pulp-derived MSC, and the therapeutic potential of dental pulp derived stem cells is also covered. This is an essential resource for students, faculty, and researchers in academia and industry working on dental pulp stem cells.

This textbook gives an insight into the importance of cell migration in health during development, wound healing and immune responses as well as in disease with particular focus on cancer. The reader will learn about the different ways cells migrate to allow cellular changes during development to occur, as well as responses to injury and threat by foreign invaders. Cell migration is a driver of invasion and ultimately metastasis in cancer and as such we will give examples from highly aggressive cancer such as brain tumours. The book also includes an introduction to mathematical modelling to predict cell migration, information on the development of software for analysis of data generated in 2D and 3D as well as recent developments in the investigations into cell migration using 3D bioprinting. This textbook will be a great learning tool for advanced undergraduate students and Master students with the relevant science degrees such as in cell biology, developmental biology, cancer research, and tumour biology.

Analysis of Multifactorial Diseases examines the evidence of genetic factors that increase susceptibility to a range of complex diseases and describes the approaches taken to identify these genes. It reviews the successes and failures and examines whether there are any general conclusions to be drawn from this current range of approaches.

This book provides valuable information for investigators interested in the signaling and regulatory functions of adenosine and the adenine nucleotides. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include the historical development of research on adenosine and adenosine triphosphate; various aspects of the formation, metabolism, release, transport, and receptors for endogenous adenosine and the adenosine triphosphate; functions of purines at the cellular level; the role of adenosine in the regulation of flow in different vascular beds; and angiogenesis. The book also addresses the purinergic regulation of the cardiac, renal, gastro-intestinal, and central nervous system, as well as potential therapeutic avenues for purine use. The book will be valuable to physiologists, pharmacologists, and other basic and clinical scientists interested in updating their knowledge of the expanding biological roles of these substances.

This book is a systematic collection and critical analysis of current information on rejuvenation, starting from the evolutionary aspects of the origin of life, immortality, and aging. Models, mechanisms, and types of rejuvenation are the key subjects of the book. Processes like cellular reprogramming, resetting of the aging clock, immortal unicellulars and cell cultures are explored through the lens of rejuvenation. Recent discoveries in this field offer a nuanced view of rejuvenation that has fascinated mankind since early history. There is evidence, though still controversial, indicating that biological time could be reversible. Indeed, under specific experimental conditions, cells can be moved back and forth along the age axis. Differentiation status and replicative age of cells can be modified not only by defined transcription factors, but also by ‘cocktails'of small molecules originating from natural substances or well-known longevity-promoting drugs. Still in its infancy, such findings open up the perspective of in vivo rejuvenation trials. Special attention is given to the quasi-immortal and extremely long-lived multicellular animal species as well as to the role of rejuvenation in treatment of pathology and healthy aging. Rejuvenation is experiencing a significant growth in recent years. There is ample debate in the scientific and near-scientific community about the ethics of rejuvenation and radical life span extension. This book aims to take a balanced and scientific approach to the mirage of immortality and ever-lasting youth and serves as a valuable resource for parties on both sides of the coin.

This book covers the emerging field of membrane atg8ylation in 18 chapters contributed by the world's best experts. In short, atg8ylation is to membranes what ubiquitylation is to proteins. Both function as homeostatic processes: atg8ylation guards and remodels cellular membranes whereas ubiquitylation does the same for proteins. The downstream manifestations of membrane atg8ylation include canonical autophagy and a plethora of diverse phenomena, known by their colorful acronyms, which are difficult to fit into the autophagy paradigm. The minimal substrate for atg8ylation is a phospholipid hemilayer, but more typically atg8ylation works on intracellular membranes consisting of lipid bilayers. The downstream functions of membrane atg8ylation as a novel homeostatic process and the associated physiology, health and disease states remain to be defined. One of the goals of this book is to promote interest and investigations in this growing field.

The book presents updated information on the cryopreservation of semen, embryos, germ cells and ovarian follicles of neotropical fish from South America. The chapters address the importance of developing germplasm banks of South American fish, both for commercial production and for conservation of ichthyofauna. This book has been designed mainly to provide a historical review of the 40 years of reproductive cryobiology research on South American fish species. The work is aimed at students, researchers and technicians involved in the areas related to the book's theme. The editors invite the readers to delve into dense technical knowledge, developed by renowned researchers.

Cancer cells exist in an ever-changing “ecology” and are subject to evolutionary pressures just like any species in nature. This edited book explores the following themes: 1) how the dynamics of mutation, epigenetics, and gene expression noise are sources of genetic diversity; 2) how scarce resources influence cancer therapy resistance; 3) how predator-prey dynamics are mirrored in immune-cancer cross-talk; 4) how cancer cells parallel niche construction theory; 5) how changing fitness landscapes enable cancer growth; and 6) how cancer cells interact within the body. The book is a resource for understanding cancer as a disease of multicellularity grounded in evolutionary principles. By using this knowledge, researchers are starting to exploit these behaviors for treatment paradigms.Key Features Bridges disciplines exemplifying the ways disparate fields create new perspectives when integrated. Offers insights from leading scholars in cancer biology, ecology and evolutionary biology. Provides a timely recognition by oncologists that evolutionary paradigms are crucial for breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Integrates basic and applied sciences of oncology and evolutionary biology.

Animal Models of Disease, Part B, Volume 188 in the Methods in Cell Biology series, highlights advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Using C. Elegans as a model for Neurodegenerative disease: Methodology and Evaluation, Modelo Animal de Esclerosis Multiple: Encefalomielitis Autoimmune Experimental (EAE, New mouse model to study aneurysm development, Spinal Nerve Ligation: An Experimental Neuropathic Pain Model in Rats and Mice, Identifying therapeutic compounds for Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) through screening in the nematode C. elegans, Eµ-TCL1 adoptive transfer mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and much more.Other chapters cover Purification and characterization of kidney-infiltrating leukocytes in a mouse model of lupus nephritis, Differences in intratumor innate lymphoid cell composition between orthotopic and spontaneous pancreatic mouse models, Assessing motor development and function in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, Analysis of Gut Microbiota profile targeted to multi hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA in hypertensive heart failure rat model, and more. - Provides the latest information on cancer research - Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics - Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

This handbook reviews the clinical applications of stem cell-based therapy. The book covers the clinical applications of stem cells in cardiovascular diseases, neurological and ocular diseases, pediatrics, and the role of cancer stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA payload in lung cancer. The chapter reviews emerging stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches in neurodegenerative diseases. The book further examines the applications of stem cells in various fields of dentistry, and for the regeneration of oral and non-oral tissues. The chapters also explore the application of 3D bioprinting in conjunction with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of bone defects and state-of-the-art technology for bone and cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells. The book presents stem cell-based therapy against renal, pancreatic, and kidney diseases and examines the advantages of a novel hepatic stem for cirrhotic liver repair and regeneration. Lastly, the book provides methodological and procedural advancements in stem cell-based therapy, including the applications of single-cell sequencing in stem cell research. This handbook is a major one-stop reference for researchers working in regenerative medicine, cellular pharmacology, stem cell research in general, and those involved in specific areas of adult stem cells as well as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. ​

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, Volume 184 in the Methods in Cell Biology series includes comprehensive protocols to assess the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), an immature, heterogenous cell population from the myeloid lineage with a potent immunosuppressive activity in a variety of diseases. This volume includes interesting protocols that address the Detection of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by flow cytometry, Determination of murine myeloid-derived suppressor cells by flow cytometry, Isolation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) from Endometriotic Mice Model and their Immunomodulatory Functions, Simple protocol for measuring CD11b+ GR-1+ (Ly6C+/Ly6G+) myeloid cells from a minimum volume of mouse peripheral blood, and much more.Additional chapters cover Assessment of myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation ex vivo, Single clonal tracking on biomimetic microtextured platforms for real-time guided migration analysis of myeloid-derived suppressor cell dissemination characteristics ex vivo, Isolation and immunosuppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-derived exosomes, Characterization of lysosomal acid lipase in Ly6G+ and CD11c+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells, In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis Assessment using Murine Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells, Estimating Nitric Oxide (NO) from MDSCs by Griess Method, and In vitro generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). - Provides the authority and expertise of leading researchers in myeloid-derived suppressor cells - Includes comprehensive and detailed protocols to assess the detrimental role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells - Presents the latest release in the Methods in Cell Biology series

Autophagy Processes and Mechanisms details the process of autophagy and its significance in diseases and aging. It provides insights into autophagy mechanisms and processes to broaden our understanding. By collecting recent progress on several aspects of the autophagy process, it provides a more integrative perspective and serves as a resource that can influence future research initiatives in the field. This new book is appropriate for basic and applied researchers in cell biology, biologists and those working in the pharmaceutical sciences. - Includes cutting-edge knowledge on autophagy processes as well as methodologies of research - Integrates knowledge from the perspectives of basic biological science, bioinformatics, clinical research and the pharmaceutical sciences - Provides an educational resource for students and investigators with an interest in autophagy, but who are not currently working in the field

This book focuses on the applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for regenerative medicine. EVs are small, lipid-bound vesicles carrying cargo that can be released by virtually all cell types. Over the past decades, the field of EV research has experienced exponential growth. Once dismissed as mere cellular debris, EVs are now recognized as sophisticated messengers, facilitating the transmission of crucial information between cells and orchestrating a myriad of biological processes. Notably, stem cell-derived EVs hold particular promise in regenerative therapeutic applications. Rich in the functional components of stem cells, these EVs offer an alternative approach to cell therapy for tissue repair and regeneration. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of EVs on their biology, function, and potential applications. The book starts with exploring the intricate biology of EVs, their cargo, and their unique ability to modulate cellular processes. It discusses the therapeutic potential of EVs in various diseases, as well as the approaches for the bionanotechnological development of artificial EVs for theranostics. Large-scale EV isolation methods and their preclinical applications are also addressed. It will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology, biologist, and others who are interested in such topic.

Brain organoids are small stem cell-derived, self-organizing models of specific brain regions that offer researchers new ways to study the human brain. Since their scientific debut over ten years ago, brain organoids have been used to generate tractable new bioengineered tools for understanding functional interconnectivity of the human brain, dysfunction involved in many neurodegenerative diseases, and certain molecular mechanisms underlying cognition. Despite this field's considerable scientific promise, advances in human brain organoid research also raise novel philosophical questions and ethical concerns around the use of complex human brain models and the ethical boundaries that should exist when manipulating increasingly realistic bioengineered brain constructs. As researchers generate more realistic organoids in vitro that resemble human brains, it is critically important to understand what ethical boundaries may exist and where researchers and regulators should draw the line for research, both to reduce uncertainties over which projects to pursue in the lab and to address future concerns regulators and the public may harbor about whether this research, if left unexamined, could inadvertently undermine public trust in science. This proposed book delves into ongoing and proactive ethical discussions among ethicists and the neuroscientists involved with this cutting-edge work. Its ultimate goal is to foster greater awareness, understanding, and guidance for future management of ethical issues that may be unique to new areas of brain organoid research. This volume is the result of a close partnership between ethicists and scientists, each informing the other through a collaborative process of joint bioethical deliberation.

In this next volume in the Cell Biology and Translational Medicine series, we continue to explore the potential utility of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Amongst topics explored in this volume are various aspects of stem cell commitment, differentiation and organogenesis in both health and cancer. Amongst the diverse areas covered are those exploring stems cells in relation to wound healing and their use in treatment of wound healing and different cancers. Other topics include genome editing, regulation of metabolism, immune cells, and algae in medicine. One goal of the series continues to be to highlight timely, often emerging, topics and novel approaches that can accelerate stem cell utility in regenerative medicine.

Studies look towards the possible information available TODAY to increase your stem cells activity in your body naturally over 500% and witness a reverse in the biological aging process by ten or even twenty years. Stem Cells The God Source is a simple beginning elementary research look into the awareness of stem cells and their very basic purpose, function and growth within the human body. Stem Cells are not new and have been in and with the first bodies that walked the planet. However, science is on a quest to uncover the unlimited potential of the human structure and one of its most creational reproductive powers, Stem Cells The God Source. It is important to understand what stem cells are really, where do stem cells come from and why stem cells play a major significant role in human repair and human survival. Studies claim it is possible to increase your stem cells activity in your body naturally over 500% and see a reverse in the aging process by ten or even twenty years. As reversing the aging process is more and more requested by our world, supply and demand of stem cells will be in high demand. If you choose to increase your stem cell activity in your body you will have choices, to either proceed with natural steps and protocols or injections with laboratory grown stem cells. And according to your age and current health situation you will have options that dictate emergency injections to save one's life or daily curriculum to further repair and enhance, Stem Cells The God Source. Become Informed With The Basics: What Are Stem Cells History of Stem Cells Stem Cells Bad Press In The Media Types of Stem Cells Where Do Steam Cells Come From How Are Stem Cells Made How Do I Increase More Stem Cells How Do I Protect My Steam Cells Stem Cells in Science and the Future One of the most important realizations in human health is to understand the miraculous power of Stem Cells The God Source, the natural healing pre-programed mechanism of your body. Be ready for a new way of repairing any of your health issues and disorders. The next step in natural prevention and true repair to become potentially biological younger or improve critical care is an elite game changer of epic proportions. Stem Cells The God Source presents information how you can improve, increase and activate stem cell activity in your body, TODAY. Stem Cells The God Source is a must read to logically preview the start of vast information evolving in the science of telomeres, redox molecules and stem cells. Researchers and Nobel Prize winning discoveries now open a doorway to the endless universe of,'STEM CELLS The God Source'... Use Them As Needed - Don't Abuse Them, by Joseph J Randazzo.

This book is fundamental for plant biotechnologists at this moment, due to the extensive use of in vitro culture. Although some books about somaclonal variation were published some years ago, the circumstances in this field have undergone a great change in the last years. Much progress has been achieved in plant in vitro culture: new technologies have been developed, previously used protocols have been modified with regard to optimization, and in vitro techniques have been applied to new species. Besides, tools for somaclonal variation analysis have also changed in the last years. The techniques and instruments have substantially improved, with the development of new molecular markers and the increased precision and sensitivity of some instruments. Furthermore, novel knowledge about the basic mechanisms underlying somaclonal variation has been obtained recently, which can be very useful for explaining the variability found in different experimental systems.Therefore, it is evident that information about basic and practical aspects of somaclonal variation requires updating and the proposed book is a very good means for this purpose.

Nongenetic Information and Evolution investigates the origin and nature of nongenetic information and its role in the mechanisms of evolutionary change. This book opens with an introduction to the theoretical background and forms of nongenetic information, alongside its relationship with genetic information. It then explores nongenetic information across the biological kingdoms, including animals, nonneural organisms, plants, and unicellulars. It also covers epigenetics as a form of nongenetic information, exploring DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and miRNA expression in this context. This book closes with a discussion of nongenetic information in evolution, considering evidence demonstrating its inheritance and hereditary impact. This book provides a detailed overview of the origin and evolutionary impact of nongenetic inheritance, delivering a basis for further understanding the occurrence of hereditary phenomena and transgenerational phenotypic changes that do not involve genes. This is a useful reference for researchers in the field of epigenetics, evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and cellular and molecular biology. - Explores the origin and causes of nongenetic information - Considers a broad range of biological systems from unicellular living organisms to highly complex organisms - Discusses the impact of nongenetic inheritance in the context of evolution

This book presents the latest knowledge, trends, and advances in cell transplantation and innovations in developing microspheres, 3D biomaterial constructs to enhance transfer, and cell survival to specific regions of the brain. Neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury are increasing. Medications currently only temporarily reduce some of the symptoms but do not cure or delay progression of the disease. Development of effective treatments dramatically improves the independent living and quality of life of patients. Cell transplantation strategies offer an approach to facilitating brain repair, but efficacy is often limited by low in vivo survival rates of cells that are injected in suspension. Transplanting cells that are attached to or encapsulated within a biomaterial construct has the advantage of maintaining cell-cell and cell-material interactions and improving cell survival in vivo. Biomaterials that have been used in preclinical studies to assist with in vivo cell transfer and survival include heparin-chitosan microspheres, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres, RADA 16 microspheres, poly(desaminotyrosyl tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate) microscale scaffolds, carbon nanotubes, collagen-chitosan scaffolds, poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds, agarose hydrogels, gelatin methacrylate hydrogels, and agarose micro-columns with an extracellular matrix interior. Incorporating growth factors (e.g., glial-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3) into the biomaterial constructs increased cell survival and incorporation into the host tissue. International experts in the fields of both experimental and clinical neurological research contribute chapters to this book and discuss the latest achievements in cell transplantation and matrix-assisted cell transfer/survival technologies for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain injuries such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. It is envisaged that research findings in experimental animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke promote clinical trials using biomaterial-assisted transfer of cells.

Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Methods: Sample Preparation, Protein Digestion, and Research Protocols shares best practices collected across key laboratories and core facilities, taking the reader through key tactics for executing the most usual mass spectrometry experiments. Sections review research making use of MS proteomics experiments, focus on critical sample preparation, cover mammalian cell lines and samples from clinical tissue and biological fluids, discuss subcellular fractionation, provide methods for protein digestion both for in gel and in solution, and delve into key MS proteomics analysis protocols, including label-free LC-MS, TMT and iTRAQ labelled LC-MS, phosphorylation enrichment, ubiquination enrichment, and more. This book is the perfect lab manual for research teams or for use as a new staff training material. Core facility managers may also find it useful for sharing best practices with their staff and researchers. - Explores the most common questions new researchers have - Guides readers to properly design the workflow for successful integration of mass spectrometry into protein biochemical analyses - Provides examples of sample preparation for a number of different materials, mammalian cells, and others

Revealing Uncharted Biology with Single Cell Multiplex Proteomic Technologies: Platforms. Understanding the intricate coordination of highly diverse cell types within healthy tissues and organs is essential for grasping their functionality. This coordination, often disrupted in disease, hinges on proteins—the primary drivers of cellular function. By examining protein abundance and activation states in single cells, researchers can identify key cell populations involved in both healthy and diseased states, including those influencing disease initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses. Single-cell multiplex proteomic platforms have recently emerged as powerful tools for biomedical research. Their strengths lie in revealing cell types that are rare or subtly different and would otherwise go undetected in bulk cellular analyses. This unique capability enables deeper insights into cellular behavior and disease mechanisms.This book offers comprehensive overviews of technologies developed for multiplex single-cell proteomic analyses. It begins with the pioneering work from Professors Scott Tanner, Mitchell Winnick and Garry Nolan resulting in the development and early application of the mass cytometer, (CyTOF). The instrument merges flow cytometry with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and analyzes cells labelled with metal tagged antibodies. These components work together to enable CyTOF to perform highly multiplexed protein analysis at the single-cell level, offering a powerful tool for understanding complex cellular behaviors and interactions.Recognizing that cellular organization is critical for tissue function, subsequent chapters explore advanced multiplex imaging platforms including Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC), Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging (MIBI), CODetection by InDExing, and Chip Cytometry. Later chapters present recent advances in these imaging platforms and data analysis approaches - Combined Nucleic Acid and Protein Quantification in situ, Tissue Schematics, and High-definition CODEX for 3D Multiplex Spatial Cell Phenotyping. These techniques integrate deep phenotyping with spatial mapping to provide unprecedented insights into cellular interactions within tissues. The book also highlights computational approaches essential for managing and interpreting the vast datasets generated by these technologies. Revealing Uncharted Biology with Single Cell Multiplex Proteomic Technologies: Platforms help researchers in many fields, including developmental biology, cancer biology, immunology, neuroscience, and drug discovery gain an understanding about the theories and detailed methodologies behind these technologies. Integrating proteomics with genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic platforms, this book aims to inspire new research opportunities, ultimately advancing the development of reliable biomarkers and improving patient outcomes. - Covers the most relevant Multiplex techniques applied to Proteomics - Provides insights into using the right tool for the biological question of interest - Discusses applications of techniques in several settings - Presents an overview on the use of combined techniques

This book provides an up-to-date overview of key areas of ageing research with a special focus on anti-ageing intervention strategies, which are currently very much at the forefront of ageing studies.The volume discusses how dietary restriction, supplements or exercise affect the ageing process. Other intervention strategies reviewed are: chaperone activators, telomerase activation, hormetics, senolytics, NAD boosting, geroprotectors, stem cell therapies, resveratrol and melatonin, to just name a few. This book follows on from Parts I-IV of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing within the Subcellular Biochemistry book series and highlights anti-ageing intervention strategies that were not included in the earlier volumes. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, this book is a valuable resource for experienced researchers and early career scientists alike, who are interested in learning more about the fascinating and challenging question of why and how our cells age.

Pathobiochemistry means biochemistry of disease. In the curriculum of medical studies it may serve as a useful and highly enjoyable “bridge” between the basic science of the first years, and the clinical training later. Practical limitations dictate that from a vast area of human pathology a careful selection of topics must be made. The eleven chapters of this book deal with the basics of acid-base balance disorders, inflammation, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense, non-enzymatic glycations, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, ischemia/reperfusion of the heart, protein misfolding disorders, ageing, and consequences of alcohol abuse. The selection covers some pathogenetic processes behind several important medical problems of the present. Further, it more or less implicitly points to the inner causes of diseases. The inner maintenance of body structural and chemical integrity is costly and has its limits that regularly get exceeded, which is the ultimate reason for ageing and contributes to many, often also age-related, civilization diseases.