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This book illustrates the currently available strategies for managing phytonematodes. It discusses the latest findings on plant-pathogen-microbiome interactions and their impacts on ecosystems, and provides extensive information on the application of microorganisms in the sustainable management of phytonematodes. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of the application of potential strains of biocontrol fungi, endophytes and actinomycetes to enhance plants'ability to fend off phytonematode attacks, leading to improved plant health. In conclusion, the book addresses new aspects like the biofabrication of nanoparticles and their application in plant disease management, and presents an extensive list for further reading.

The second edition of the book begins with the description of the diversity of wine-related microorganisms, followed by an outline of their primary and energy metabolism. Subsequently, important aspects of the secondary metabolism are dealt with, since these activities have an impact on wine quality and off-flavour formation. Then chapters about stimulating and inhibitory growth factors follow. This knowledge is helpful for the growth management of different microbial species. The next chapters focus on the application of the consolidated findings of molecular biology and regulation the functioning of regulatory cellular networks, leading to a better understanding of the phenotypic behaviour of the microbes in general and especially of the starter cultures as well as of stimulatory and inhibitory cell-cell interactions during wine making. In the last part of the book, a compilation of modern methods complete the understanding of microbial processes during the conversion of must towine.This broad range of topics about the biology of the microbes involved in the vinification process could be provided in one book only because of the input of many experts from different wine-growing countries.

Noted experts survey and evaluate the latest research in the growing field of endothelial cell involvement in the initiation and development of various diseases. Research-oriented chapters span a diversity of topics, including endothelial cell response to various injuries and its crucial role in inflammation, immunity, viral infection, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia, and metastasis.

This volume contains the papers which were presented at the First Altschul Symposium, Atherosclerosis: Cellular and Molecular Interactions in the Artery Wall. The symposium was held in Saskatoon, at the University of Saskatchewan in May 1990 in memory of Dr. Rudolph Altschul, a pioneer in the field of vascular biology and the prevention of atherosclerosis. Dr. Altschul was Professor and Head of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Saskatchewan from 1955 to 1963. The challenge for biomedical scientists is to unravel the multifactorial etiology of atherosclerosis. For the last hundred and sixty years, anatomical pathologists have carefully studied the morphological changes of the human vascular wall during the initiation and evolution of the fibrofatty atherosclerotic plaque. Based on these elegant morphological observations, theories on atherogenesis were put forth by pathologists in the 1840's. Rudolf Virchow suggested that the movement of substances from the blood into the vessel wall was important for atherogenesis while Carl von Rokitansky felt that the deposition of substances on the lumenal surface of the artery resulted in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Since these original theories, it has become apparent that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is multifactorial and the disease evolves in stages. It is also likely that not all plaques arise through the same sequence of events and that many steps are involved in the development of each plaque. Today, our understanding of the complicated processes of atherogenesis is still incomplete.

Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Limin Hersonissou, Greece, June 18-27, 1994.

There has been an explosion of research activity related to angiogenesis in recent years, and hundreds of laboratories worldwide are actively involved in many aspects of angiogenesiS. The literature on angiogenesis increases exponentially every year, and more than 16,000 peer-reviewed articles have been published the past 25 years, which are scattered in basic science and clinical journals. The complexity of the cascade of events leading to new vessel formation from preexisting ones has challenged scientists in cell biology, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, molecular biology, developmental biology, and other fields. With their multidisciplinary approach and the powerful new techniques that have been developed, the progress in understanding angiogenesis has been impressive indeed. Only 12 years ago the mention of an angiogenic factor caused skepticism. Today we have the complete amino-acid fiequence and their genes cloned for at least 9 angiogenic factors. Many laboratories are studying their role in angiogenesis, and several biotechnology firms have a keen interest in commercial developments relative to these molecules. The role of extracellular matrix components in angiogenesis and the interaction of endothelial cells with other cell types such as pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells have been studied by other groups. This rapid expansion is the result of a realization that in many disease states a common underlying pathology is a derangement in angiogenesis.

This book, which results from the dramatic increase in interest in the control mechanism employed in gene expression and the importance of the regulated proteins, presents new information not covered in Translational Regulation of Gene Expression, which was published in 1987. It is not a revision of the earlier book but, rather, an extension of that volume witl, special emphasis on mecha­ nIsm. As the reader will discover, there is enormous diversity in the systems employing genes for translational regulation in order to regulate the appearance of the final product-the protein. Thus, we find that important proteins such as protooncogenes, growth factors, stress proteins, cytokines, lymphokines, iron­ storage and iron-uptake proteins, and a panorama of prokaryotic proteins, as well as eukaryotic viral proteins, are translationally regulated. Since for some gene products the degree of control is greater by a few orders of magnitude than their transcription, we can state that for these genes, at least, the expression is translationall y controlled. Translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes has emerged in the last few years as a major research field. The present book describes mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria, yeast, and eukaryotic viruses, as well as in eukaryotic genes. In this book we try to provide in-depth coverage by including important examples from each group rather than systematically including all additional systems not described in the previous volume.

Recent years have seen tremendous advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of platelet activation. All aspects of signal transduction in platelets from the identification of surface receptors, G proteins, phospholipases, protein kinases and phosphatases, intracellular receptors for inositol phosphates, the Ca2+ regulatory machinery, cytoskeletal constituents to the control mechanism employing cyclic nucleotides has seen an explosion of information regarding their importance and for each constituent in the family of molecules to which they belong. This information has been of interest to researchers across a wide spectrum of disciplines including biochemists, pharmacologists, cell biologists and clinicians. In April 1992 an International Symposium bearing the name of this volume was organised at the Thrombosis Research Institute to bring together scientists from across the world whose common interest was the study of platelet activation and its regulation. We were particularly encouraged by the positive response from our speakers and the participants, their detailed contributions and the very lively discussions that took place throughout the two days of the symposium. Almost every aspect of signal transduction in human platelets was represented. Of the invited speakers twelve were from Europe (including the U. K.), eight from North America and one from Japan. This volume is a compilation of chapters submitted by the speakers and represents a concise but informative picture of the present knowledge of the mechanisms of platelet activation and control.