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The two volume set LNCS 9474 and LNCS 9475 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2015, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA in December 2015. The 115 revised full papers and 35 poster papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 260 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections: Part I (LNCS 9474) comprises computational bioimaging; computer graphics; motion and tracking; segmentation; recognition; visualization; mapping; modeling and surface reconstruction; advancing autonomy for aerial robotics; medical imaging; virtual reality; observing humans; spectral imaging and processing; intelligent transportation systems; visual perception and robotic systems. Part II (LNCS 9475): applications; 3D computer vision; computer graphics; segmentation; biometrics; pattern recognition; recognition; and virtual reality.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Technology in Bio- and Medical Informatics, ITBAM 2015, held in Valencia, Spain, in September 2015, in conjunction with DEXA 2015.The 9 revised long papers presented together with 1 poster paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 15 submissions. The papers address the following two topics: medical terminology and clinical processes and machine learning in biomedicine.

The two volume set LNCS 9474 and LNCS 9475 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2015, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA in December 2015. The 115 revised full papers and 35 poster papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 260 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections: Part I (LNCS 9474) comprises computational bioimaging; computer graphics; motion and tracking; segmentation; recognition; visualization; mapping; modeling and surface reconstruction; advancing autonomy for aerial robotics; medical imaging; virtual reality; observing humans; spectral imaging and processing; intelligent transportation systems; visual perception and robotic systems. Part II (LNCS 9475): applications; 3D computer vision; computer graphics; segmentation; biometrics; pattern recognition; recognition; and virtual reality.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching, CPM 2015, held on Ischia Island, Italy, in June/July 2015.The 34 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 submissions. The papers address issues of searching and matching strings and more complicated patterns such as trees; regular expressions; graphs; point sets; and arrays. The goal is to derive combinatorial properties of such structures and to exploit these properties in order to achieve superior performance for the corresponding computational problems. The meeting also deals with problems in computational biology; data compression and data mining; coding; information retrieval; natural language processing; and pattern recognition.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Implementation and Application of Automata, CIAA 2015, held in held in Umeå, Sweden, in August 2015. The 22 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers and 2 toool demonstration papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of cover automata, counter automata, decision algorithms on automata, descriptional complexity, expressive power of automata, homing sequences, jumping finite automata, multi-dimensional languages, parsing and pattern matching, quantum automata, realtime pushdown automata, random generation of automata, regular expressions, security issues, sensors in automata, transducers, transformation of automata, and weighted automata.

This two-volume set LNCS 9225 and LNCS 9226 constitutes - in conjunction with the volume LNAI 9227 - the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2015, held in Fuzhou, China, in August 2015. The total of 191 full and 42 short papers presented in the three ICIC 2015 volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 671 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections such as evolutionary computation and learning; compressed sensing, sparse coding and social computing; neural networks, nature inspired computing and optimization; pattern recognition and signal processing; image processing; biomedical informatics theory and methods; differential evolution, particle swarm optimization and niche technology; intelligent computing and knowledge discovery and data mining; soft computing and machine learning; computational biology, protein structure and function prediction; genetic algorithms; artificial bee colony algorithms; swarm intelligence and optimization; social computing; information security; virtual reality and human-computer interaction; healthcare informatics theory and methods; unsupervised learning; collective intelligence; intelligent computing in robotics; intelligent computing in communication networks; intelligent control and automation; intelligent data analysis and prediction; gene expression array analysis; gene regulation modeling and analysis; protein-protein interaction prediction; biology inspired computing and optimization; analysis and visualization of large biological data sets; motif detection; biomarker discovery; modeling; simulation; and optimization of biological systems; biomedical data modeling and mining; intelligent computing in biomedical signal/image analysis; intelligent computing in brain imaging; neuroinformatics; cheminformatics; intelligent computing in computational biology; computational genomics; special session on biomedical dataintegration and mining in the era of big data; special session on big data analytics; special session on artificial intelligence for ambient assisted living; and special session on swarm intelligence with discrete dynamics.

This two-volume set LNCS 9225 and LNCS 9226 constitutes - in conjunction with the volume LNAI 9227 - the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2015, held in Fuzhou, China, in August 2015. The total of 191 full and 42 short papers presented in the three ICIC 2015 volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 671 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections such as evolutionary computation and learning; compressed sensing, sparse coding and social computing; neural networks, nature inspired computing and optimization; pattern recognition and signal processing; image processing; biomedical informatics theory and methods; differential evolution, particle swarm optimization and niche technology; intelligent computing and knowledge discovery and data mining; soft computing and machine learning; computational biology, protein structure and function prediction; genetic algorithms; artificial bee colony algorithms; swarm intelligence and optimization; social computing; information security; virtual reality and human-computer interaction; healthcare informatics theory and methods; unsupervised learning; collective intelligence; intelligent computing in robotics; intelligent computing in communication networks; intelligent control and automation; intelligent data analysis and prediction; gene expression array analysis; gene regulation modeling and analysis; protein-protein interaction prediction; biology inspired computing and optimization; analysis and visualization of large biological data sets; motif detection; biomarker discovery; modeling; simulation; and optimization of biological systems; biomedical data modeling and mining; intelligent computing in biomedical signal/image analysis; intelligent computing in brain imaging; neuroinformatics; cheminformatics; intelligent computing in computational biology; computational genomics; special session on biomedical data integration and mining in the era of big data; special session on big data analytics; special session on artificial intelligence for ambient assisted living; and special session on swarm intelligence with discrete dynamics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming, DNA 21, held in Boston and Cambridge, MA, USA, in August 2015.The 13 full papers presented were carefully selected from 63 submissions. The papers address all current issues related to biomolecular computing, such as: algorithms and models for computation on biomolecular systems; computational processes in vitro and in vivo; molecular switches, gates, devices, and circuits; molecular folding and self-assembly of nanostructures; analysis and theoretical models of laboratory techniques; molecular motors and molecular robotics; studies of fault-tolerance and error correction; software tools for analysis, simulation, and design; synthetic biology and in vitro evolution; applications in engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2015, held in Bucharest, Romania, in June/July 2015.The 26 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions and included together with 10 invited papers in this proceedings. The conference CiE 2015 has six special sessions: two sessions, Representing Streams and Reverse Mathematics, were introduced for the first time in the conference series. In addition to this, new developments in areas frequently covered in the CiE conference series were addressed in the further special sessions on Automata, Logic and Infinite Games; Bio-inspired Computation; Classical Computability Theory; as well as History and Philosophy of Computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, in June 2015. The 54 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The focus of the papers is on following topics: function; imaging; models of mechanics; and models of electrophysiology.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, PReMI 2015, held in Warsaw, Poland, in June/July 2015. The total of 53 full papers and 1 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 90 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: foundations of machine learning; image processing; image retrieval; image tracking; pattern recognition; data mining techniques for large scale data; fuzzy computing; rough sets; bioinformatics; and applications of artificial intelligence.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19thInternational Conference on Implementation and Application of Automata, CIAA 2014, held in Giessen, Germany, in July/August 2014. The 21 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers were carefully selected from 36 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of implementation, application, and theory of automata and related structures such as algorithms on automata, automata and logic, bioinformatics, complexity of automata operations, compilers,computer-aided verification, concurrency, data structure design forautomata, data and image compression, design and architecture ofautomata software, digital libraries, DNA/molecular/membrane computing, document engineering, editors, environments, experimental studies and practical experience, implementation of verification methods and model checking, industrial applications, natural language and speech processing, networking, new algorithms for manipulating automata, object-oriented modeling, pattern-matching, pushdown automata and context-free grammars, quantum computing, structured and semi-structured documents, symbolic manipulation environments for automata, transducers and multi-tape automata, techniques for graphical display of automata, VLSI, viruses and related phenomena, and world-wide Web.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Bioinformatics Research and Applications, ISBRA 2014, held in Zhangjiajie, China, in June 2014. The 33 revised full papers and 31 one-page abstracts included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 119 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics in bioinformatics and computational biology and their applications including the development of experimental or commercial systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching, CPM 2014, held in Moscow, Russia, in June 2014. The 28 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers address issues of searching and matching strings and more complicated patterns such as trees; regular expressions; graphs; point sets; and arrays. The goal is to derive combinatorial properties of such structures and to exploit these properties in order to achieve superior performance for the corresponding computational problems. The meeting also deals with problems in computational biology; data compression and data mining; coding; information retrieval; natural language processing; and pattern recognition.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Technology in Bio- and Medical Informatics, ITBAM 2014, held in Munich, Germany, in September 2014, in conjunction with DEXA 2014. The 9 revised long papers presented together with 3 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address the following topics: clustering and bioinformatics; medical image and data processing; and knowledge discovery and machine learning in medicine.

This book – in conjunction with the volumes LNAI 8589 and LNBI 8590 – constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2014, held in Taiyuan, China, in August 2014. The 92 papers of this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections such as evolutionary computation and learning; swarm intelligence and optimization; machine learning; social and natural computing; neural networks; biometrics recognition; image processing; information security; virtual reality and human-computer interaction; knowledge discovery and data mining; signal processing; pattern recognition; biometric system and security for intelligent computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics, WABI 2014, held in Wroclaw, Poland, in September 2014. WABI 2014 was one of seven conferences that were organized as part of ALGO 2014. WABI is an annual conference series on all aspects of algorithms and data structure in molecular biology, genomics and phylogeny data analysis. The 26 full papers presented together with a short abstract were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. The selected papers cover a wide range of topics from sequence and genome analysis through phylogeny reconstruction and networks to mass spectrometry data analysis.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming, DNA 20, held in Kyoto, Japan, in September 2014. The 10 full papers presented were carefully selected from 55 submissions. The papers are organized in many disciplines (including mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, material science and biology) to address the analysis, design, and synthesis of information-based molecular systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Formal Methods in Macro-Biology, FMMB 2014, held in Nouméa, New Caledonia, in September 2014.The 7 revised full and 3 short papers presented together with 7 invited presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from 17 submissions. The scientific program consists of papers on a wide variety of topics, including ecological systems, medical applications, logical frameworks, and discrete continuous and hybrid models for the analysis of biological systems at macroscopic levels.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics, PRIB 2014, held in Stockholm, Sweden in August 2014. The 9 revised full papers and 9 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. The focus of the conference was on the latest Research in Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence-Based Techniques Applied to Problems in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation (ISBMS) which was held in Strasbourg, France, in October 2014. Biomedical modeling and simulation are at the center stage of worldwide efforts to understand and replicate the behavior and function of the human organism. Large scale initiatives such as the Physiome Project, Virtual Physiological Human and Blue Brain Project aim to develop advanced computational models that will facilitate the understanding of the integrative function of cells, organs, and organisms, with the ultimate goal of delivering truly personalized medicine. At the same time, progress in modeling, numerical techniques and haptics has enabled more complex and interactive simulations. The 27 revised full papers (including 16 regular and 11 short papers) were carefully selected from 45 submissions and cover topics such as training systems and haptics, physics-based registration, vascular modeling and simulation, image and simulation, modeling, surgical planning, analysis, characterization and validation.

This book constitutes the first part of the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation, LSMS 2014, and of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing for Sustainable Energy and Environment, ICSEE 2014, held in Shanghai, China, in September 2014. The 159 revised full papers presented in the three volumes of CCIS 461-463 were carefully reviewed and selected from 572 submissions. The papers of this volume are organized in topical sections on biomedical signal processing, imaging, and visualization; computational methods and intelligence in modeling genetic and chemical networks and regulation; computational methods and intelligence in organism modeling; computational methods and intelligence in modeling and design of synthetic biological systems; computational methods and intelligence in biomechanical systems, tissue engineering and clinical bioengineering; intelligent medical apparatus and clinical applications; modeling and simulation of societies and collective behaviour; innovative education in systems modeling and simulation; data analysis and data mining of biosignals; feature selection; robust optimization and data analysis.

The two volume set LNCS 8887 and 8888 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2014, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA. The 74 revised full papers and 55 poster papers presented together with 39 special track papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 280 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections: Part I (LNCS 8887) comprises computational bioimaging, computer graphics; motion, tracking, feature extraction and matching, segmentation, visualization, mapping, modeling and surface reconstruction, unmanned autonomous systems, medical imaging, tracking for human activity monitoring, intelligent transportation systems, visual perception and robotic systems. Part II (LNCS 8888) comprises topics such as computational bioimaging, recognition, computer vision, applications, face processing and recognition, virtual reality, and the poster sessions.

The two volume set LNCS 8887 and 8888 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2014, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA. The 74 revised full papers and 55 poster papers presented together with 39 special track papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 280 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections: Part I (LNCS 8887) comprises computational bioimaging, computer graphics; motion, tracking, feature extraction and matching, segmentation, visualization, mapping, modeling and surface reconstruction, unmanned autonomous systems, medical imaging, tracking for human activity monitoring, intelligent transportation systems, visual perception and robotic systems. Part II (LNCS 8888) comprises topics such as computational bioimaging, recognition, computer vision, applications, face processing and recognition, virtual reality, and the poster sessions.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN 2013, held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, in September 2014. The total of 90 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 217 submissions. The meeting began with 7 workshops which offered an ideal opportunity to explore specific topics in evolutionary computation, bio-inspired computing and metaheuristics. PPSN XIII also included 9 tutorials. The papers are organized in topical sections on adaption, self-adaption and parameter tuning; classifier system, differential evolution and swarm intelligence; coevolution and artificial immune systems; constraint handling; dynamic and uncertain environments; estimation of distribution algorithms and metamodelling; genetic programming; multi-objective optimisation; parallel algorithms and hardware implementations; real world applications; and theory.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology, CMSB 2014, held in Manchester, UK, in November 2014. The 16 regular papers presented together with 6 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 regular and 18 poster submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on formalisms for modeling biological processes, model inference from experimental data, frameworks for model verification, validation, and analysis of biological systems, models and their biological applications, computational approaches for synthetic biology, and flash posters.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2014, held in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in October 2014. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of bioinformatics and computational biology.

Medical imaging is a very important area in diagnostic (and increasingly therapeutic) medicine. Many new techniques are being developed or extended which depend on digital methods. Although conventional x-radiographs still comprise the bulk of the medical images acquired in a hospital, digital methods such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are now often claimed to have a more significant clinical impact. This book is concerned with three aspects of such digital images: their formation, or how they can be acquired; their handling, or how they may be manipulated to increase their clinical value; and their evaluation, or how their impact and value may be assessed. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 comprises a series of reviews in the general subject area written by authorities in the field. Part 2 includes papers on theoretical aspects: 3D images, reconstruction, perception, and image processing. Part 3includes papers on applications in nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance, andradiology.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics, EvoBIO 2013, held in Vienna, Austria, in April 2013, colocated with the Evo• 2013 events EuroGP, EvoCOP, EvoMUSART and EvoApplications. The 10 revised full papers presented together with 9 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the field of biological data analysis and computational biology. They address important problems in biology, from the molecular and genomic dimension to the individual and population level, often drawing inspiration from biological systems in oder to produce solutions to biological problems.

Photophysiology: Current Topics in Photobiology and Photochemistry, Volume VI is a collection of papers that discusses photobiological phenomena found on cells of organisms. The papers in this collection deal with specialized areas of photobiology. One paper describes the instruments used in measuring the course of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo that occurs when a chlorophyll molecule, stimulated by a light source, returns to its ground state from a previous first singlet state, resulting in a light emission lasting for a few nanoseconds. Another paper discusses the mechanism of light-induced carotenoid synthesis in nonphotosynthetic plants, including temperature-independent photochemical reactions, which results in the organism's producing carotenoids on subsequent incubations in darkness. One paper also explains photosensitization observed in mutant cells resulting from exposure to specific wavelength of light in the presence of a natural sensitizer. This paper points out that there are four main groups of photosensitizers, namely, the hypericins, chlorophylls, porphyrins, and psoralens. This book can prove valuable for cell biologists, micro-biologists, students, and researchers involved in the fields of photobiology and photochemistry.

The Brain, Cognition, and Education is a collection of papers that deals with cross-disciplinary communication. This book addresses the use of concepts, methodologies, and research results from other experiments in the conduct of finding new knowledge. One paper addresses the relationships among neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and education to arrive at cross-interdisciplinary communication. Other papers discuss attention, the brain, and the control of cognition; one paper notes that selective attention as a cognitive system with its own measurable features can be associated with underlying neural systems. Other authors deal with acquiring, representing, and using knowledge such as language learning, interplay between mind and experience, as well as the neuropsychology of memory. One paper examines infantile amnesia when early life experiences tend to be forgotten. The book then addresses cognitive and neural development, including neural developments before birth covering neurogenesis, cell migration, dendritic maturation, and synaptic development. One author reviews trends and directions in cognitive development and cites the works of Piaget, Simon, and Chomsky. One author presents several models of memory functions, while another author evaluates the possibilities of building bridges between education and the neurosciences. Many psychologists, neuroscientists, phoneticians, philosophers, and linguists will appreciate this book very highly.

Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence: Basic Chemistry and Analytical Applications is a compendium of papers presented at the second International Symposium on Analytical Applications of Bioluminescene and Chemiluminescence in San Diego, California on August 26-28, 1980. Part I deals with chemilunescence and excited states including topics on the spectroscopy of the solvent cage — generation and characteristics of the excited state and the three features of chemi- and bioluminescence. Part II deals with events prior to producing luminol-dependent chemiluminescence; this part also examines the effects of stimulants on membrane potential. Part III discusses bacterial bioluminescence and analyzes the properties of a lumazine protein from a bioluminescent bacterium. This part also analyzes accessory enzymes responsible for such bacterial bioluminescence. Part IV examines the chemistry of firefly bioluminescence and presents the formula of three reactions catalyzed by firefly luciferase. Part V analyzes bioluminescence from other sources such as the earthworm and land snails. Part VI discusses the applications of bioluminescence in clinical chemistry, soil science, and marine biology. Part VII deals with the future uses of bioluminescence, while Part VIII is an abstract of other papers dealing with this subject. This collection can be helpful for biologists, zoologists, micro-biologists, marine biologists, and researchers dealing with bio-chemistry and related disciplines.

The purpose of this and future volumes of the Handbook of Genetics is to bring together a collection of relatively short, authoritative essays or annotated compilations of data on topics of significance to geneticists. Many of the essays will deal with various aspects of the biology of certain species selected because they are favorite subjects for genetic investigation in nature or the laboratory. Often there will be an encyclopedic amount of information available on such a species, with new papers appearing daily. Most of these will be written for specialists in a jargon that is be­ wildering to a novice, and sometimes even to a veteran geneticist working with evolutionarily distant organisms. For such readers what is needed is a written introduction to the morphology, life cycle, reproductive be­ havior, and culture methods for the species in question. What are its par­ ticular advantages (and disadvantages) for genetic study, and what have we learned from it? Where are the classic papers, the key bibliographies, and how does one get stocks of wild type or mutant strains? The chapters devoted to different species will contain information of this sort. Only a few hundreds of the millions of species available to biologists have been subjected to detailed genetic study. However, those that have make up a very heterogeneous sample of the living world.

Six years after Charles Darwin announced his theory of evolution to the world, Gregor Mendel began studying the inheritance of traits in pea plants. Mendel's research led to his discovery of dominant and recessive traits and other facts of evolution, which he reported in his groundbreaking 1865 paper, Experiments in Plant Hybridization. His findings languished until 1902, when William Bateson revived interest in the subject with this book, a succinct account of Mendel's heredity-related discoveries. Bateson coined the term'genetics'to refer to heredity and inherited traits, and his rediscovery of Mendel's work forms the foundation of today's field of genetics.Suitable for biology and general science students at the undergraduate and graduate levels, this volume is essential reading for anyone with an interest in science and genetics. In addition to Bateson's commentary, it features two of Mendel's papers—including the original Experiments—plus a biography of Mendel, a detailed bibliography, and indexes of subjects and authors. Numerous figures complement the text, along with eight pages of color illustrations.

Toxins: Animal, Plant and Microbial is a collection of materials from the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Animal, Plant, and Microbial toxins, held in Costa Rica in August 1976. The book deals with research done on reptiles, arthropods, marine, fresh water, amphibia, plants, bacteria, and multispecies focusing on topics such as biology, anatomy, immunology, bio-chemistry, physiology, and pharmacology. The paper starts with the feeding methods and diet for snakes that will be used for venom collection. Another paper describes the venom apparatus and amount of venom yields of the snake Hydrophiidae. The book also describes the ultrastructure of the skin of the soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus, known to release an irritating substance when threatened or disturbed. One paper presents the effect of toxins derived from the scorpion venom on neuromuscular transmission, while another study describes anti-scorpion serum and antivenin with a corresponding table representing the correct serum dosage. The book then presents a method to use for quantitative separation and analysis of certain mycotoxins that can be present in foodstuffs. One paper also addresses the effects of mycotoxins on immunity levels, such as lowered resistance to diseases, interference with acquired immunity, and changes in antibody production. Chemists, students and professors in organic chemistry, and laboratory technicians whose work is related to pharmacology and toxicology will find this book relevant.

Biology of Benthic Organisms contains papers presented at the 11th European Symposium on Marine Biology, held at Galway, Ireland in October 1976. The collection contains 63 papers discussing the biological aspects of benthic organisms. The authors, mostly marine biologists, provide articles discussing their studies of marine life from different bodies of water from around the world. Topics on community structures of soft-bottom macrofauna in different parts of the Baltic; studies on anaerobic nitrogen fixation in the sediments of two Scottish sea-lochs; distribution of benthic phyto- and zoocoenoses along a light gradient in a superficial marine cave; and structural features of a North Adriatic benthic community are discussed in detail. Marine biologists, botanists, zoologists, and biologists will find the book invaluable.

These papers on Intelligent Data Analysis and Management (IDAM) examine issues related to the research and applications of Artificial Intelligence techniques in data analysis and management across a variety of disciplines. The papers derive from the 2013 IDAM conference in Kaohsiung,Taiwan. It is an interdisciplinary research field involving academic researchers in information technologies, computer science, public policy, bioinformatics, medical informatics, and social and behavior studies, etc. The techniques studied include (but are not limited to): data visualization, data pre-processing, data engineering, database mining techniques, tools and applications, evolutionary algorithms, machine learning, neural nets, fuzzy logic, statistical pattern recognition, knowledge filtering, and post-processing, etc.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Technology in Bio- and Medical Informatics, ITBAM 2013, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in August 2013, held in conjunction with DEXA 2013. The 7 revised long papers presented together with 4 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address the following topics: critical health and intelligent systems in medical research, and obstetrics, neonatology and decision systems in cardiology.

This two-volume set LNCS 7902 and 7903 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013, held in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, in June 2013. The 116 revised papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions for presentation in two volumes. The papers explore sections on mathematical and theoretical methods in computational intelligence, neurocomputational formulations, learning and adaptation emulation of cognitive functions, bio-inspired systems and neuro-engineering, advanced topics in computational intelligence and applications.

This two-volume set LNCS 7902 and 7903 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013, held in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, in June 2013. The 116 revised papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions for presentation in two volumes. The papers explore sections on mathematical and theoretical methods in computational intelligence, neurocomputational formulations, learning and adaptation emulation of cognitive functions, bio-inspired systems and neuro-engineering, advanced topics in computational intelligence and applications

The two volume-set, LNCS 7930 and LNCS 7931, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Work-Conference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2013, held in Mallorca, Spain, in June 2013. The 92 revised full papers presented in LNCS 7930 and LNCS 7931 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The first part, LNCS 7930, entitled'Natural and Artificial Models in Computation and Biology”, includes all the contributions mainly related to the methodological, conceptual, formal, and experimental developments in the fields of neurophysiology and cognitive science. The second part, LNCS 7931, entitled “Natural and Artificial Computation in Engineering and Medical Applications”, contains the papers related to bioinspired programming strategies and all the contributions related to the computational solutions to engineering problems in different application domains, specially Health applications, including the CYTED “Artificial and Natural Computation for Health” (CANS) research network papers. In addition, this two volume-set reflects six interesting areas: cognitive robotics; natural computing; wetware computation; quality of life technologies; biomedical and industrial perception applications; and Web intelligence and neuroscience.

The two volume-set, LNCS 7930 and LNCS 7931, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Work-Conference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2013, held in Mallorca, Spain, in June 2013. The 92 revised full papers presented in LNCS 7930 and LNCS 7931 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The first part, LNCS 7930, entitled'Natural and Artificial Models in Computation and Biology”, includes all the contributions mainly related to the methodological, conceptual, formal, and experimental developments in the fields of neurophysiology and cognitive science. The second part, LNCS 7931, entitled “Natural and Artificial Computation in Engineering and Medical Applications”, contains the papers related to bioinspired programming strategies and all the contributions related to the computational solutions to engineering problems in different application domains, specially Health applications, including the CYTED “Artificial and Natural Computation for Health” (CANS) research network papers. In addition, this two volume-set reflects six interesting areas: cognitive robotics; natural computing; wetware computation; quality of life technologies; biomedical and industrial perception applications; and Web intelligence and neuroscience.

The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit is a compendium of papers that discusses the use of the rabbit as an experimental substrate in the scientific process. The collection describes normative biology, research utilization, and rabbit disease. These papers emphasize naturally occurring diseases which affect the value of the rabbit as a research tool. Some papers describe these effects and their impact for investigators engaged in laboratory experimental work on animal medicine. Other papers tackle the value of certain rabbit diseases as models of considerable interest in comparative medicine. Several papers discuss bacterial diseases, viral diseases, protozoal diseases, arthropod parasites, helminth parasites, neoplastic diseases, inherited diseases, nutritional diseases, metabolic, traumatic, mycotic, and miscellaneous diseases of the rabbit. One paper describes a number of diseases that man can acquire from domestic and laboratory rabbits. These include tularemia (which is endemic in wild rabbits and hares), plague (transmitted by fleas), listeriosis (rare in laboratory rabbit colonies), salmonellosis (from rabbit feces), and Pasteurella multocida (common in laboratory and domestic rabbits). The paper notes that laboratory and domestic rabbits are not a major health hazard. The compendium can benefit veterinarians, the medically-oriented investigator, the biologist, the medical and chemical researcher, and others whose work involve laboratory animal care.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed papers of the 18th International Conference on Implementation and Application of Automata, CIAA 2013, held in Halifax, NS, Canada, in July 2013. The 25 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 7 short papers were carefully selected from 43 submissions. The papers cover various topics such as complexity of automata; compressed automata; counter automata; dictionary matching; edit distance; homing sequences; implementation; minimization of automata; model checking; parsing of regular expressions; partial word automata; picture languages; pushdown automata; queue automata; reachability analysis for software verification; restarting automata; transducers; tree automata; weighted automata; XML streams.

Biological Bases of Individual Behavior contains a mixture of papers from East and West. The book can be organized into two parts. The articles in the first part, which might broadly be termed''physiological'', examine a number of questions relating to the physiological constitution and to methods of measuring the properties of the nervous system. This section opens with one of Teplov's last papers, which contains a lucid exposition of the main results of research carried out in 1964 in the laboratory he directed. The other articles in this section elucidate the use of electroencephalographic and Chronometrie methods of studying the properties of the nervous system; examine problems of sensitivity and''partiality''in the manifestation of the basic properties; and present the results of experiments conducted to study the correlations between certain properties of the nervous system and features of the human constitution, as well as between age and neurodynamic factors. The second part of the volume may be described as psychophysiological. It consists of articles which examine the possible physiological mechanisms of individual psychological features of behavior. Many are devoted to either experimental or theoretical analysis of the neurophysiological bases of the personality dimension of extraversiσn-introversion.

Perspectives in Urban Entomology is a collection of papers presented at the'Ecology and Management of Insect Populations in Urban Environments'held in Washington, D.C. in 1976. This collection deals with urban entomology with emphasis on insects, insect-plant relationships, and arthropods in the urban environments. One paper examines the causes why certain species manage to survive in an urban environment while others do not. The book cites one example—the Rothamsted insect survey—and analyzes the pressures of development in the surrounding land area. One paper addresses the educational and esthetic value of an insect-plant relationship in an ever expanding development of urban spaces. Another paper shows the value and benefit of a scientific investment in urban agriculture—defined as small-scale agriculture in urban areas—as contributing to food crops. Some papers also examine the use of insecticides and technology transfer in the management of urban pest control. This book will be valuable for entomologists, urban planners and developers, environmentalists, and for general readers residing in metropolitan areas.

Cell-Associated Water is a collection of papers from the'Cell-Associated Water'Workshop held in Boston in September 1976. This collection discusses aspects of pure colloid, surface science, and zoogeography, with emphasis on cell biology and the role of the aqueous phase of cells. This book starts with a review of the problem of water structure encountered in studying biological systems, particularly as regards the proportion of intracellular water that is actually structured. Another paper discusses the applications of technology in cell biology in understanding cell-associated water, where the dynamic relationship between the state of water and macromolecular events in cellular life exists. This text also examines the possible relationship between water structure and the zoogeographic distribution of some species in aquatic communities using the Prigogine and Glansdorff model approach. This book is recommended for researchers and scientists whose work deals with cellular biology, for graduate students, and academicians in the disciplines of physical and colloid chemistry, cell physiology, biophysics, and molecular biology.

The growth in the Bioinformatics and Computational Biology fields over the last few years has been remarkable and the trend is to increase its pace. In fact, the need for computational techniques that can efficiently handle the huge amounts of data produced by the new experimental techniques in Biology is still increasing driven by new advances in Next Generation Sequencing, several types of the so called omics data and image acquisition, just to name a few. The analysis of the datasets that produces and its integration call for new algorithms and approaches from fields such as Databases, Statistics, Data Mining, Machine Learning, Optimization, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. Within this scenario of increasing data availability, Systems Biology has also been emerging as an alternative to the reductionist view that dominated biological research in the last decades. Indeed, Biology is more and more a science of information requiring tools from the computational sciences. In the last few years, we have seen the surge of a new generation of interdisciplinary scientists that have a strong background in the biological and computational sciences. In this context, the interaction of researchers from different scientific fields is, more than ever, of foremost importance boosting the research efforts in the field and contributing to the education of a new generation of Bioinformatics scientists. PACBB‘13 hopes to contribute to this effort promoting this fruitful interaction. PACBB'13 technical program included 19 papers from a submission pool of 32 papers spanning many different sub-fields in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. Therefore, the conference will certainly have promoted the interaction of scientists from diverse research groups and with a distinct background (computer scientists, mathematicians, biologists). The scientific content will certainly be challenging andwill promote the improvement of the work that is being developed by each of the participants.

During the first week of September 1999, the Second EvoNet Summer School on Theoretical Aspects of Evolutionary Computing was held at the Middelheim cam­ pus of the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Originally intended as a small get­ together of PhD students interested in the theory of evolutionary computing, the summer school grew to become a successful combination of a four-day workshop with over twenty researchers in the field and a two-day lecture series open to a wider audience. This book is based on the lectures and workshop contributions of this summer school. Its first part consists of tutorial papers which introduce the reader to a num­ ber of important directions in the theory of evolutionary computing. The tutorials are at graduate level andassume only a basic backgroundin mathematics and com­ puter science. No prior knowledge ofevolutionary computing or its theory is nec­ essary. The second part of the book consists of technical papers, selected from the workshop contributions. A number of them build on the material of the tutorials, exploring the theory to research level. Other technical papers may require a visit to the library.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, PReMI 2013, held in Kolkata, India in December 2013. The 101 revised papers presented together with 9 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on pattern recognition; machine learning; image processing; speech and video processing; medical imaging; document image processing; soft computing; bioinformatics and computational biology; and social media mining.