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Animal Toxins is a collection of papers that tackles the advancement in studies that aim to enhance the contemporary understanding of animal toxins. The materials in the text are organized according to the organism they cover. The first section tackles the concerns with venomous arthropods, such as the structure of the venom gland of the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans and the biochemical-immunochemical aspects of the venom from the scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus. Next, articles about poisonous marine animals are presented, which include differentiation of the poisons of fish, shellfish, and plankton and block of sensory nerve conduction in the cat by mussel poison and tetrodotoxin. In Section III, the selection reviews papers about snakes and amphibians, such as epidemiological methods in studying venomous snakebites and chemistry of cytotoxic substances in amphibian toxins. The book will be of great interest to toxicologists, zoologists, and biochemists.

The Entomology of Radiation Disinfestation of Grain presents how the irradiation process can fit into the handling techniques of that industry with a minimum of disturbance of normal procedures. The book presents papers on the susceptibility of the grain and rice weevils, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus zeamais to gamma radiation; the susceptibility of laboratory and wild strains of the grain weevil Sitophilus granarius to Gamma Radiation; and the influence of temperature upon the radiation susceptibility of Sitophilus granaries. The text also includes papers on the effects of continuous and fractionated doses of gamma radiation on the survival and fertility of Sitophilus granarius; the effect of culture environment on the susceptibility of Sitophilus granarius to gamma radiation; and the control of weevil populations with sterilizing and substerilizing doses of gamma radiation. The effect of rearing medium on the susceptibility of Tribolium confusum Duv. and sitophilus granarius to gamma radiation; and the susceptibility of the confused flour beetle, the rust-red flour beetle, the saw-toothed grain beetle, and of Australian strains of Sitophilus and Tribolium species to gamma radiation are also considered. Entomologists will find the book useful.

Ultrastructure of Protein Fibers covers the papers presented at a symposium of the 19th annual meeting of the Electron Microscope Society of America, held at the Pittsburgh Hilton Hotel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 21, 1961. The book focuses on the composition, characteristics, properties, and reactions of protein fibers. The selection first offers information on some essential aspects of protein fiber research, including the elucidation of the fundamental ultra-architecture of proteins in general; identification of the biological role played by fibrous proteins in living organisms; and the use of protein fibers as a natural resource in the form of raw materials and finished products. The manuscript then examines the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of protein fibers, collagen, and keratins. The text takes a look at some aspects of the ultrastructure of bacterial flagella and feather keratin and fibrous protein systems in muscles. Topics include possible change in myofilament structure underlying the catch function; physiological functions of the fibrous proteins of muscles; organization of the fibrous proteins in muscles; and other functions of fibrous proteins in muscles. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the ultrastructure of protein fibers.

Dynamics of Development: Experiments and Inferences provides an understanding of the dynamic order of living systems. This book presents a methodical approach to the unrestricted exploration of all the aspects that a living system offers, which is evaluated logically through experiment and inference. Organized into five parts encompassing 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the adaptive features of the nervous system. This text then examines the molecular control of cellular activity. Other chapters focus on resolving the fragments of the chemical endowment of the cell. This book discusses as well the mechanisms of respiration and photosynthesis, which have been connected with arrays of macromolecular complexes in definite sequential order. The final chapter deals with the fundamental principle of neural intercommunication. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, zoologists, neurophysiologists, and scientists. Students and research workers interested in the dynamic order of living systems will also find this book useful.

The Role of Water in Agriculture focuses on the role of water in British agriculture. This book discusses the growing importance of hydrological science and agricultural hydrology. Organized into 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the problems of accurate rainfall measurement and its importance to agriculture. This text then presents a comprehensive study of the sources of error in agricultural water budgets. Other chapters consider the progress reports on two catchment studies and a report on the effect of agricultural treatments on water availability in the soil. This book discusses as well the sediment yields from forested and agricultural lands on an international basis. The final chapter deals with a summary of the discussions with conclusions and implications. This book is a valuable resource for hydrologists, geographers, meteorologists, agricultural scientists, applied biologists, plant physiologists, and pedologists. Engineers, administrators, and advisers will also find this book useful.

Conformation of Biopolymers, Volume 2 provides information pertinent to proteins, polypeptides, and polysaccharides. This book discusses the development in the studies on collagen and related polypeptides. Organized into three parts encompassing 24 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure of polyglycine II with chains running in opposite directions as indicated by the existence of lamellar crystals in electron microscopy. This text then explores the capability of various polypeptides to form the collagen fold. Other chapters consider the effect of pyrrolidine residues on the helix–coil transitions of different native collagens and cross-linked single chain gelatins. This book discusses as well the results of hydrodynamic experiments on native amylose. The final chapter deals with X-ray and electron microscope studies, which are described for two principal types of chitin–protein complex found in insect cuticles. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, biophysicists, crystallographers, and research workers.

Energy-Linked Functions of Mitochondria presents the developments in the area of energy-linked functions of mitochondria. This book covers three general topics, namely, the generation, the transfer, and the utilization of reducing power. Organized into three parts encompassing 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various steps involved in the combined electron and energy transfer reactions that lead to the generation of high-energy intermediates. This text then examines the effect of atracytloside and oligomycin on oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles. Other chapters consider a detailed review of the succinate-linked DPN reduction in submitochondrial particles. This book discusses as well the concept of energy-linked reversal of electron transport from reduced cytrochome c to pyridine nucleotide. The final chapter deals with the transient activation of respiration of tightly coupled mitochondria by adding low concentrations of calcium. This book is a valuable resource for scientists who are interested in energy-linked processes in mitochondria.

Venomous Animals and Their Venoms, Volume II: Venomous Vertebrates is a collection of papers that describes the chemistry and biochemistry of snake, batrachian, and fish venoms. These papers discuss their pharmacological actions, their antigenic properties, and their medical aspects such as symptomatology and therapy. Papers describe the pharmacology and toxicology of the venoms of Asiatic, Australian, and Melanesian snakes including the cobra, the common Krait, the saw-scaled viper. One paper presents the pathology, symptomatology, treatment of snake bites in Australia, and the use of an antivenin schedule when the type of snake is not known. Some papers tackle the distribution of snakes in North America, and compare the biochemistry of Miliarius barbouri and Sistrurus catenatus which are subspecies of rattlesnakes. Other papers describe the biology and venom of the Arizona Gila monster and of the Mexican Gila monster. The basic substances in toad venom are from bases present in the glands, their secretions or on their skin. In treating stings from venomous fishes, one paper recommends the use of suction to remove the venom or soaking the injured part in hot water. This collection can be helpful for physicians, veterinarians, toxicologists, pharmacologists, chemists, and researchers in animal bites and injuries.

Carotenoids Other Than Vitamin A-III represents the plenary lectures presented at the Third International Symposium on Carotenoids other than Vitamin A held at Cluj, Romania in September 1972. The book is a collection of lecture papers on a wide range of topic concerning carotenoids. Several papers deal with such topics as carotene biosynthesis in fungi, studies of carotenoid biosynthesis in bacteria, and an investigation of the violaxanthin cycle. The text also contains research papers focusing on photoregulated carotenoid biosynthesis in non-photosynthetic microorganisms, structure of carotenoids, and studies on carotenoids and related compounds. Chemists and pharmacologists will find the book insightful and interesting.

The Biology of Animal Viruses, Second Edition deals with animal viruses focusing on molecular biology and tumor virology. The book reviews the nature, chemical composition, structure, and classification of animal viruses. The text also describes the methods of isolating animal viruses, how these are grown in the laboratory, assayed, purified, and used in biochemical experiments. The book also describes the structure and chemistry of many known viruses such as the papovaviridae, herpes virus, poxvirus, coronavirus, or the Bunyamwera supergroup. The book then explains the structure and function of the animal cell including the cytoplasmic organelles, the nucleus, inhibitors of cell function, and viral multiplication. Other papers discuss in detail the multiplication of the DNA and RNA viruses, whose mechanisms of multiplication differ from those of other viruses. Other papers discuss the known prevention and treatment methods of viral diseases, as well as the epidemiology and evolution of viral diseases resulting from human's disturbance of the biosphere and from medical and experimental innovations. The text can prove useful for immunologists, veterinarians, virologists, molecular researchers, students, and academicians in the field of cellular microbiology and virology.

Reproduction: Molecular, Subcellular, and Cellular is a collection of papers presented at the Twenty-Fourth Symposium of The Society for Developmental Biology, held at Carleton, Minnesota in June 1965. The papers in the compendium focus on the clarification and definition of specific aspects of reproduction at different levels of biological organization. Topics discussed include the transcription and translation of genes; interactions between plant viruses and host cells; chromosome reproduction in mitosis and meiosis; cell and tissue interactions in the reproduction of cell type; and aging as a consequence of growth cessation. Biologists, microbiologists, and cytologists will find the book insightful.

Population and the New Biology contains the papers presented at the 10th annual Symposium of the Eugenics Society and is the third publication in a trilogy on the general theme of''population''. Organized into 13 chapters, separating the papers presented at the symposium, the book begins by discussing the production of living things by relevant methods. It also explains how to identify and care for illness and disability within a span of life, and possibilities for increasing the span, itself. It also talks about the biological nature of, and problems of controlling, common fatal diseases. The future of oral contraceptives, technology for voluntary sterilization, methods of early termination of pregnancy, and the population policies in the developing countries are shown as well. Lastly, the genetic implications, problems, and legal approaches to the'new biology are given. This book will fill an important gap in the literature on the implications for population structure and growth of those advances that is known as the''new biology''.

Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Volume I: Acoelomate and Pseudocoelomate Metazoans is a collection of papers that deals with the evolution of reproductive mechanisms and behavior in marine invertebrates. This collection starts with terminologies and basic events in marine invertebrate reproduction, including the method of estimating sexual reproductive activity, as well as the timing and patterns involved. The book notes that temperatures, salinities, or food availability should be favorable when the young are produced and when they are developing. One paper shows that the reproductive rhythm is dynamic and in some species is latitude-dependent. Other papers discuss the reproductive cycles of different marine invertebrates such as the Porifera, Cnidaria, Nemertinea, and Nematoda. These papers include topics on asexual reproduction, regeneration, sexual reproduction, and development, and then explain in detail the development of certain invertebrates from their kinorhynchs state (embryonic), to the molting stages, juvenile stages, then to adulthood. This book can be useful for marine biologists, marine ecologists, and students involved in marine biological and physical sciences.

Energy Metabolism and the Regulation of Metabolic Processes in Mitochondria contains papers presented at the 1972 symposium on metabolic regulation, held at the University of Nebraska Medical School in Omaha, Nebraska. The contributors provide alternative views and ideas in some aspects of metabolic regulation directly concerned with mitochondrial function. Separating 16 papers into chapters, this book first discusses the general aspects of control of the biological energy regulation and the kinetic and thermodynamic control of mitochondrial electron transport and energy coupling. It then covers significant topics on citric acid cycle, including its replenishment and depletion; anion transport and regulation; dynamics and substrate compartmentation; and feedback control. Other chapters examine the mechanisms of gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, redox reaction, and phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Discussions on hormonal regulation of selected enzyme system directly related to mitochondrial function are provided in the concluding chapters. Biochemists, physiologists, pharmacologists, physicians, researchers, and all others interested in the concepts of mitochondrial function will find this book of great value.

Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume III is a collection of papers that deals with steroid hormone action, hypothalamic-regulating hormones, plasma membrane receptors, thyroid hormones, hormones acting on the synthesis of proteins in liver perfusion systems, as well as on approaches using genetics and cell culture. One paper explains why cell hybridization can be a useful technique in studying both genetic control of differentiated functions and of hormonal induction. Another paper discusses the general approaches in the study of ligand-membrane interactions, and cites experiments dealing with polypeptide hormones and catecholamines. It explains in detail the physiochemical interaction between a radioactively labeled ligand and the plasma membrane, either as found in an intact cell or in an isolated membrane preparation. One paper discusses the introduction and time course of estrogen-stimulated biosynthetic events in the uterus. It analyzes the relationship of the estrogen-binding protein to the biological responses of the uterus, including the'domino'versus'sustained output'model of estrogen action. One paper explains, by using a chick oviduct, how to investigate the hypothesis that hormones can activate genes to allow transcription of new species of messenger RNA. This collection can prove beneficial to biochemists, molecular biologists, cellular biologists, micro-biologists, developmental biologists, and scientists involved in cell research.

Data Acquisition and Processing in Biology and Medicine, Volume 3, documents the proceedings of the 1963 conference at the University of Rochester. The volume begins with the keynote address of the Frank W. McKee of the University of Rochester Medical Center that focused on the issue of continuing education, and the keynote address of Max A. Woodbury, Professor of Experimental Neurology, New York University Medical School, about the impact of biological computation. This is followed by the papers presented during the six sessions held during the conference. Session I contains papers on the value of computers to physicians and hospitals. Session II deals with on computer diagnosis. Session III is devoted to computer applications in psychiatry and psychophysiology. Session IV focuses on information retrieval. Session V covers the potential and limitations of computer processing and analysis. Session VI includes studies on modeling and pattern recognition. Transcripts of discussions of the papers presented during each session are also provided.

The Provision and Use of Library and Documentation Services is a collection of papers that deals with library interdependent considerations of use and service. One paper discusses the value, organization, and exploitation of trade literature, citing the importance of maintaining a file of trade catalogues to narrow the gap between industrial activity and academic research. Another paper reports a high library membership (80% - 100%) on a survey of library provision and services in four correctional institutions in London. The author notes that professional advice should also be available to help the prisoner read effectively. One author reviews the library services for undergraduates particularly problems of inadequate services and facilities. Other authors discuss the pattern of borrowing in several libraries which generalizes the borrowing behavior of academic communities, such as the rising levels of foreign language and'off-subject'borrowing. Of interest is one author's analysis of the way scientists use libraries in terms of finding information, reading, and use of facilities. His conclusion: scientists have no clear-cut opinion on the best method of acquiring information. This book is suitable for librarians, administrators of private or public library systems, for students and academicians in the field of library science.

The Interpretation of Ulstrastructure is a collection of papers dealing with techniques in ulstrastructural research such as in fixation, reversed staining, ultrastructure in embryos and in plants, control of observations by light microscopy, and cytochemistry at the electron microscope level. One paper describes various fixatives used on rat liver tissue including a standard osmium tetroxide solution, pure melted osmium tetroxide, and strong osmium tetroxide solutions in carbon tetrachloride. Another paper points out that the use of electron micrographs of the cell nucleus and chromosomes should include approaches to chromosome analysis. For the investigator studying the three dimensional organization of chromosomes, his approaches should include classical cytology and cytogenetics, chemical and cytochemical studies on nuclei, as well as chemical and physical analysis of nucleic acid and nucleoprotein molecules. Several papers discuss the study of natural and artificial DNA-plasma by thin sections, an assessment of negative staining techniques for revealing ultrastructure, and other approaches in the study of biological ultrastructure by high-resolution electron microscopy. The collection will benefit microbiologists, biotechnologists, and academicians connected with the biological sciences.

Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers: 7 is a collection of papers dealing with horse nutrition and ruminant nutrition. This collection of papers is divided in four parts. Part 1 deals with the evaluation of the dietary needs of ruminants, finding the need to replace their feeding systems by replacing the starch equivalent system with the metabolizable energy system. Feed and energy value calculation are likewise explained where metabolizable energy (ME) is shown to be easily calculated with reference to the Agricultural Research Council system and later analyses. Observations on the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy in meat and milk follow, as feeding not only involves the efficient use of energy from the feed but also of nutritional contents and composition of the feed. Practical application and calculation are then discussed to achieve best practices. In Parts 2 and 3, the evaluation of the dietary energy for pigs, poultry nutrition, food intake of practice broilers and laying fowl, and formulation problems are discussed. Part 4 discusses horse nutrition with detailed descriptions of the anatomy of the digestive tract, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the horses'protein requirement. Energy requirements for the maintenance, growth, and reproduction of the horse using calculations based on the National Research Council basal allowance is discussed. Students and professors of veterinary medicine, stable owners, horse feed manufacturers, horse enthusiasts and equestrians will find this volume helpful.

Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers: 8 is a collection of papers that discusses world protein supplies, protein nutrition of farm livestock, alternative sources of protein, problems of amino- acid availability, and the use of synthetic amino-acids. Several papers deal with non-protein nitrogen as an alternative nitrogen source, the nutritive value of silages, and the use of dried grass or processed straw in ruminant feeding. One paper evaluates the protein and amino-acid requirements of poultry, pigs, and ruminants. Another paper examines the reduced availability of amino-acid in some batches of feeding stuffs and notes that the problem has been approached by correcting low estimates and the adoption of improved manufacturing practices. One paper points out the possibility of producing all the amino acids required for feedstock either synthetically or by fermentation, but the animal feed industry will be interested only in methionine and lysine. The paper also notes that France can save almost a quarter of its protein imports by adopting a generalized use of lysine and a better use of methionine. The collection will prove valuable to agriculturists, food technologists, bio-chemists, veterinarians, economists, livestock owners, and scientists involved in livestock food production or research.

Photophysiology: Current Topics in Photobiology and Photochemistry, Volume VIII is a collection of papers that discusses the photobiological phenomena of plants. This collection presents comparative studies on photosynthesis blending at the molecular, cellular, and plant levels. Some papers also analyze the photosynthesis in the green algae by using genetic methods, as well as the physical separation of photosynthetic system I from system II. One paper discusses the role of cation fluxes in chloroplast activity, including the measurement of ion fluxes in organelle suspensions. Another paper investigates the inter-relationships of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in a photosynthetic bacteria. One paper reviews the electrical activities of individual cells and describes the techniques of recording evoked potentials or the minute electrical signals produced from sensory stimuli that are recordable from electrodes attached on the human scalp. One paper considers the inhibitory effects of blue light and near-ultraviolet radiation on the growth and respiration of some organisms. Bio-chemists, photobiologists, photochemists, and researchers involved in plant biology and photophysiology will find this volume highly informative and challenging.

Avian Biology is a collection of papers that deals with biological aspects of birds such as their classification and habitat behavior. One paper reviews how birds are classified through practical systematics, study of fossils, and some of the problems encountered in the arrangement of major groups. Another paper discusses the origin and evolution of birds from their reptilian predecessors to their current evolutionary rates. Evolutionary rates vary depending on access to new habitats; if the environment is static, evolutionary rates can also slow down. One author discusses the inter-relations of sea birds with their marine environment, including coastal areas and the biological properties of the surface water. Another author describes the biology of desert birds relating to nomadism behavior and physical adaptations especially to the arid environment. The author also describes the cooling mechanism of these desert birds. Another paper evaluates the ecological aspect of behavior that includes foraging, habitat selection, mating, and flocking cohesion. Avian biologists, zoologists, and readers who have a general interest in birds will find this book useful.

Intracellular Transport is a collection of papers that examines the processes of and the mechanisms underlying intracellular transport. One paper describes that all active transport processes in the amoeba are intracellular and depend on dynamic transformations of membrane into cytoplasm, and of cytoplasm into membrane. Another paper discusses the kinetics of membrane transport, of which the phenomena of counterflow can become a'mobile carrier'system. The paper notes that the specific transport properties of membranes are conferred by the proteins of the surfaces that are grouped as macromolecular complexes, probably similar to those of enzymes. One paper describes the concept of parametric pumping, an oscillation-driven separation process, as a possible model for active transport in biological cells. Another paper compares the fine-scale diffusion effects that happen in a mixture without large-scale concentration gradients and where the effect are on a large scale. The homogenous kinetic law can be used in the large-scale situation; the law already can account for any of the fine-scale diffusion effects. The paper notes that without large-scale concentration gradients, the transport event is from a local region to a nearby reaction site only. Where the effects are on a large scale, the diffusion results in a gross transport of over distances larger than molecular dimensions. This collection can prove useful for mathematicians, cellular biologists, physical chemists, physiologists, electron microscopicists, geneticists, and engineers.

Biosynthesis of Aromatic Compounds is a collection of papers from the Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies in Vienna, on April 21-24, 1965. This volume is based on lectures given at the symposium and covers the studies made on the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. The first part discusses the biosynthetic intermediates in polyketide biosynthesis in connection with the biosynthesis of fatty acids; it also notes the biosynthesis of coumarins that form from derivatives of carbohydrate metabolism. Other results concerning the biosynthesis of benzoic acids and on compounds such as substituted benzaldehydes and benzylalcohols are presented. Another paper shows that when species of mycobacteria are grown under iron-deficient conditions, salicylic acid can be produced. The second part focuses on studies made on the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds that contain hetero atoms. The formation of aromatic systems in alkaloids and the biosynthesis of some alkaloids based on aromatic precursors are analyzed. The book explains that some flavor compounds such as mustard oils are the product of enzymatic hydrolysis of thioglucosides, and then notes that the biogenetic schemes of Mentzer et al. concerning another study are not suitable as working hypotheses. This collection can be read profitably by chemists, biochemists, and academicians involved in aromatic compound researches.

Proceedings of a Conference on Radiobiology at the Intra-Cellular Level provides the papers presented during the first U.C.L.A. Conference on Radiobiology, held at Catalina Island in September 1957. The compendium is comprised of research papers from a diverse group of scientists that explore the phenomena which take place in irradiated cells. The topics covered during the meeting include the radio sensitivity of the model cell; the chemical action of ionizing radiations and radiobiological effects; the sensitivity of different cells in the same organism; and the interactions between cells and tissues following radiation. Radiobiologists, cytologists, and biophysicists will find the book very insightful.

Oxygen in the Animal Organism is a compilation of papers presented during the symposium on Oxygen in the Animal Organism, jointly sponsored by the International Union of Biochemistry and the International Union of Physiological Sciences, held at Bedford College, London in September 1963. The book provides a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the subject of oxygen in the animal organism. The papers presented cover a wide range of facts and hypotheses on the subject. Topics discussed include studies in the transport of oxygen; the fundamental physics and chemistry of oxygen; the diffusion of oxygen from the capillaries to the mitochondria; the neural and humoral components to the regulation of ventilation; and the evolution of biochemical pathways for oxygen. Biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists, and researchers will find the text informative and insightful.

Control of Insect Behavior by Natural Products presents papers on new biochemical approaches to pest control. The book presents articles on pheromone research with stored-product Coleoptera; some general considerations of insects responses to the chemicals in food plants; and pheromones of the honey bee. The text also includes papers on several substances responsible for the feeding behavior and growth of the silkworm larva; the sensory responses of Phytophagus lepidoptera to chemical and tactile stimuli; and the use of volatile organic sulfur compounds as insect attractants with special reference to host selection. Insect anti-feedants in plants; a house fly attractant in the mushroom; and studies on sex pheromones of the stored grain moths are also considered. The book also demonstrates articles on the electrophysiological investigation of insect olfaction; and host attractants for the rice weevil and the cheese mite. Entomologists, biologists, chemists, and people involved in the research of pest control will find the book invaluable.

Perspectives in Biometrics is a collection of articles that deals with the state of active and important research area in the field of biometrics, as well as the methodological aspects of particular biometrical data analyses. The book reviews the statistical analysis of a large data base by using interactive computing and data analysis facilities as shown in the Albany Heart Study. One paper presents a survey of adaptive sampling techniques used in clinical trials, while another discusses computer-aided prognosis that can be useful in predicting the survival rate after the diagnosis and treatment of a serious disease. Another paper explains the use and interpretation of multivariate methods used in classifying the different stages encountered in infectious diseases of the critically ill. For example, the data bank in the Clinical Research Center—Acute is analyzed for a set of measurements that are then inputted in a computer base for later retrieval. The book also discusses'nonparametric estimation'that concerns estimates of distribution densities and cumulatives, as well as the use of'percentile points'to obtain decision rules in parametrization problems. The text can prove valuable for statisticians, students, and professors of calculus and advanced mathematics.

The authors of the eleven chapters in this book approach the subject from a variety of viewpoints, ranging from an analysis of molecular changes within differentiating cells to a consideration of the factors governing the transplantation of normal and abnormal tissues. The book is based on papers presented at the Twelfth Growth Symposium of the Society for the Study of Development and Growth.Originally published in 1955.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Structure and Function of Oxidation–Reduction Enzymes is a collection of papers presented at the Wenner-Gren Symposium held at the Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm on August 23-27, 1970. It provides important understanding of the structure and function of oxidation-reduction enzymes: iron, flavin, and nicotinamide enzymes. This book discusses the functional differences among varying structures such cytochrome c, haemoglobins, dehydrogenases, flavins, oestrogens, and peroxidases. It concludes by presenting future expectations, including some questions that need to be addressed. This volume will be of great value to those interested in the present-day research on oxidation-reduction enzymes.

Isotope is Biology is a six-chapter supplementary text that covers the properties and application of isotopes as labels or analytical tools in biological research. The first chapters deal with the physico-chemical properties and radioactivity of isotopes. These chapters also explore their synthesis, preparation, radiation decomposition, and decay of radioactivity. The succeeding chapter considers other aspects of isotopes, including their effect of health, disposal, spills, and laboratory use. Another chapter examines the chemical and biochemical behavior, natural abundance, and the chemical stability of isotopic compounds. The final chapters describe several isotopic methods, namely, isotope dilution, paper chromatography, and autoradiography, with emphasis on their application in biological studies. This book will be of value to biologists, and graduate and undergraduate biology students.

Biological and Biochemical Oscillators compiles papers on biochemical and biological oscillators from a theoretical and experimental standpoint. This book discusses the oscillatory behavior, excitability, and propagation phenomena on membranes and membrane-like interfaces; two-dimensional analysis of chemical oscillators; and chemiluminescence in oscillatory oxidation reactions catalyzed. The problems associated with the computer simulation of oscillating systems; mechanism of single-frequency glycolytic oscillations; excitation wave propagation during heart fibrillation; and biochemical cycle of excitation are also elaborated. This compilation likewise covers the physiological rhythms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations; integral and indissociable property of eukaryotic gene-action systems; and role of actidione in the temperature jump response of the circadian rhythm in Euglena gracilis. This publication is valuable to biochemists interested in biochemical and biological oscillations.

Fresh Water from the Sea is a collection of papers that discusses the advancement in the technologies and methodologies utilized in the process of desalting seawater. The emphasis of the book is not only on desalting but also on processing the seawater into potable water. The coverage of the text includes the advancement of desalting process in various countries, such as Japan, Israel, and Italy. The text also covers the aspects of the application of ion exchange to the conversion of saline water into fresh water and the evolution of the distillation process for seawater conversion. The text will be of great use to researchers and practitioners in disciplines that directly deal with securing a potable water source.

Biochemistry of the Glycosidic Linkage: An Integrated View is a collection of papers presented at The Pan-American Association of Biochemical Societies Symposium, held in San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina on November 8-11, 1971. This symposium is organized as a tribute to Luis F. Leloir and his contributions in the field glycosidic linkage. This book is divided into six sessions encompassing 57 chapters. The opening session discusses the role of biochemical mechanisms in the glycosidic linkage formation. The following sessions examine the metabolic functions of some disaccharides, such as trehalose, sucrose, glucose, and starch. These sessions also look into the biosynthesis, function, and properties of carbohydrates containing polymers. The discussion then shifts to the control of enzyme biosynthesis involved in the glycosidic linkage metabolism, with particular emphasis on alpha-amylase, lactose synthetase, phosphorylase, and neuraminidase enzymes. Another session is devoted to the regulatory mechanisms and control of glycogen metabolism. The concluding session covers the genetic analysis and biochemical characterization of the enzymes involved in the glycosidic linkage metabolism. Biochemists and carbohydrate researchers will find this text invaluable.

Violent debate of socialized medicine and health insurance in the United States is punctuated regularly by emotional appeals to the experience of other countries.'Look at England,'cries one of the disputants. “Ah! But look at Denmark and France,” retorts his opponent. Actually, few Americans have more than the most casual knowledge of the health insurance schemes which have been adopted abroad. Never before has it been possible to obtain in English a complete and objective statement of the work of the Health Insurance Doctor in these three democracies. What is the average income of a doctor under one of these plans? What are the precise rates for services? What office hours? Does a political bureaucracy control medical practice? How many patients may a practitioner carry? What are the rules about free prescription of drugs? How much “paper work” and reporting is required of the doctor? What is the relation between health insurance and relief? And-most important-what do the doctors themselves think of the idea? All of these and hundreds of other vital questions are answered fully, dispassionately, and with amazing clarity in The Health Insurance Doctor. The author is professor of law at the University of California and master of a straightforward style which presents vividly the issues of health insurance confronting a modern democracy. No legislator, welfare worker, medical practitioner, hospital executive, relief administrator, or interested layman can afford to miss this remarkable book.Originally published in 1939.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Major Problems in Developmental Biology contains the proceedings of the 25th Symposium of the Society for Developmental Biology, held in Haverford, Pennsylvania, in June 1966. The papers explore some of the major problems in developmental biology, particularly those relating to cell differentiation, movements, and death; patterning; and intercellular regulation in plants. Organized into 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the growth and development of developmental biology as a scientific discipline, with emphasis on the role of the Society for Developmental Biology, and in particular its symposia, in the emergence of the field. The book then discusses the intra- and extracellular factors impinging upon the nucleus and regulating cell differentiation. Some chapters focus on the dynamics of determination in cell systems of insects, morphogenetic movements of animal cells, and patterns at the cell and tissue levels. The reader is also introduced to the correlations between protein structure and function in relation to cell dynamics and differentiation, along with the physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological aspects of intercellular regulation in plants and the role of cell surface in carcinogenesis. The book concludes by suggesting directions for research into the ontogeny of behavior. This book is a valuable source of information for developmental biologists.

Molecular Approaches to Immunology is the 9th volume of the series''Miami Winter Symposia''. This volume presents papers that cover various aspects about cellular and modern immunology. Cellular immunology deals with the interactions of cells and molecules of the immune system and how these interactions help eliminate pathogens. The main goal of this book is to discuss and provide basic assumptions, approaches, and direction about the advances in the research of immunological science. In relation to this, the chapters of the book examine the recognition of antigen by T-lymphocytes, the role of cell interactions in determining the immune responsiveness, and the concepts behind clonal selection. The book also explains the different genes coding used for antibodies and the characterization of cell surface receptors at molecular level. Furthermore, it examines the evidences for genetic restrictions in cell interactions and the chemical properties of thymosin used in physiological studies. Discussions on the immunoregulation and immunological tolerance by T cells and the growth control of mammalian cells are also presented in this volume. This compilation will be invaluable to biologists, medical practitioners, professors, and students.

Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume I, is a book of ecology in transition from a''soft''science, synecology, to a''hard''science, systems ecology. It is an enthusiastic and optimistic statement about the fundamental adaptability of the scientific mechanism to newly appreciated truths of existence. It documents, in ecological science, a move away from the explanatory or cognitive criterion toward the predictive criterion, a hard one with the potential of leading ultimately to optimal design and control of ecosystems. The book is organized into three parts. Part I is an overview of some of the methods and rationales for ecological systems modeling for the purposes of simulation and systems analysis. It provides an elementary introduction to the use of analog and digital computers for simulation and a rationale for ecological model-building. Part II illustrates three different approaches to population modeling. These include a mathematical analysis of microbial (Chlorella, Selenastrum) dynamics in both continuous and batch cultures; and a bioenergetics study of the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium, utilizing concepts from control theory and the transfer function technique of classical dynamic analysis. Part III brings together a group of papers describing various aspects and philosophies of ecological simulation. These include common problems in ecosystem simulation and the question whether or not some of the newer methods of systems ecology might not be used in connection with some of the older data and observations of traditional synecology.

Advances in the Biosciences 6: Schering Symposium on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Early Mammalian Development, Venice, April 20 to 23, 1970 is a collection of papers presented at the Schering Symposium on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Early Mammalian Development, held in Venice, Italy, on April 20-23, 1970. Contributors explore intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms underlying early development in mammals and cover topics ranging from transmission of maternal proteins into oocytes to normal and abnormal fertilization in mammals; experimental early parthenogenesis in mammals; and nutrient requirements for the culture of preimplantation embryos in vitro. This book is comprised of 33 chapters and begins with an overview of the oocyte and the egg, touching on subjects such as electron microscopy of the primary and secondary oocyte; experimental early parthenogenesis in mammals; and laparoscopic recovery of pre-ovulatory human oocytes after priming of the ovaries with gonadotrophins. The next section is devoted to intrinsic and extrinsic influence on the metabolism of preimplantation embryos and includes chapters dealing with the composition of oviductal and uterine fluids; the role of uterine proteins in embryonic development; sex chromosome markers as indicators in embryonic development; and manipulations of the blastocyst. The remaining chapters examine placental and fetal physiology, immunology and teratology, and differentiation of tissues. This monograph will be of interest to biologists and physiologists.

Methods in Polyphenol Chemistry documents the proceedings of the Plant Phenolics Group Symposium held at the University of Oxford, on 2-4 April 1963. The symposium focused on the methods and techniques which made advances in the chemistry and biochemistry of phenolic compounds possible. The development of paper chromatographic and ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques was particularly important and largely responsible for the rapid growth in knowledge of polyphenols which has occurred during the last 10-15 years. In addition to these two methods other spectroscopic techniques were dealt with at the symposium. Particular mention should perhaps be made of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy which is becoming increasingly important in polyphenol chemistry. Modern chromatographic methods such as thin layer and gas-liquid techniques will probably be used extensively in the future. These will enable the analyses of polyphenol mixtures to be carried out more rapidly and with greater resolution. Polyamide chromatography also has high powers of resolution, although this technique has not been widely used owing to difficulties in obtaining supplies of polyamide powder. This situation has now improved, however.

Advances in the Biosciences 7: Schering Workshop on Steroid Hormone''Receptors,''Berlin, December 7 to 9, 1970 is a collection of papers presented at the Schering Workshop on Steroid Hormone''Receptors,''held in Berlin, Germany, on December 7-9, 1970. Contributors review research findings concerning steroid hormone receptors and cover topics organized around receptors of estrogen, androgen, progesterone, aldosterone, and corticosteroids. This book is comprised of 20 chapters and begins by analyzing the concentration of the estrogen binding protein in the rat uterus in three stages of uterine development, followed by a discussion on estradiol binding in mammalian tissues. The next section explores androgen receptors and includes chapters dealing with the specific binding of steroid-receptor complexes to DNA as well as the effects of androgen receptors on rat and human prostate. Subsequent chapters discuss the action of progesterone, aldosterone, and corticosteroid receptors. This monograph will be of interest to biochemists, biologists, and physiologists.

Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms is a compendium of papers presented at the symposium on the effects of pollution on the physiological ecology of estuarine and coastal water organisms, held at the University of South Carolina. The collection discusses the effects of a wide variety of toxicants emitted by settlers and factories in the great majority of coastal and estuarine areas on marine organisms. The studies are divided into five sections: heavy metals, pesticides and PCBs, oil and dispersants, synergistic effects of pollutants, and various environmental parameters. Marine biologists, ecologists, environmentalists, biologists, zoologists, and researchers will find the book a good source of insight into the topic.

Macromolecules Regulating Growth and Development documents the proceedings of the 30th Symposium of the Society for Developmental Biology, held at the University of Washington in Seattle, June 17-19, 1971. The contributions made by researchers at the symposium are organized into three parts. Part I deals with regulatory factors in the selective growth of mammalian cells. It includes papers on the role of the cell surface in growth and transformation; the epidermal growth factor; and the role in regulation of tumor growth. Part II examines the formation and organization of plant cell walls and the plasma membrane. It presents studies on the origin and growth of cell surface components; synthesis and secretion of proteins in plant cells; and lipids and membrane structure. Part III deals with the organization and expression of genetic information. The contributions in this section include organization of DNA and proteins in mammalian chromosomes; total synthesis of transfer RNA genes; and biosynthesis of bacterial ribosomes.

Lysozyme contains the proceedings of the Lysozyme Conference held in New York on October 29-31, 1972 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of lysozyme by Sir Alexander Fleming. The papers explore the chemistry and structure of lysozymes, their interactions with substrates and inhibitors, and distribution in tissues. Changes associated with various disease states are also discussed, along with evidence indicating that lysozyme may significantly alter certain mammalian cell constituents. Comprised of 42 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the structure of various lysozymes, including avian and mammalian lysozymes. The use of X-ray crystallography for lysozyme analysis is also considered. Subsequent chapters focus on the structure of bacterial cell walls; affinity labeling of lysozyme; substrate requirements of glycosidases for lytic activity on bacterial walls; and the solution behavior of hen egg white and human lysozyme. The role of lysozyme in hematology and its relation to myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin are also examined, together with lysozyme measurements in acute leukemia; serum and urine lysozyme in sarcoidosis; lysozyme as a component of human cartilage; and agglutination of rat liver mitochondria by lysozyme. This monograph should be of interest to practitioners and researchers in the fields of biophysics, chemistry, microbiology, physiology, and clinical medicine.

Chemical and Biological Aspects of Pyridoxal Catalysis contains the proceedings of the symposium of the International Union of Biochemistry, held in Rome in October 1962. The proceedings cover the lectures, discussions, and scientific papers on the many aspects of pyridoxal biochemistry. The book presents a wide range of topics of pyridoxal biochemistry, starting with a brief review of the history of the chemistry of vitamin B6 and pyridoxal-containing systems, and their significance in the understanding of the catalytic effects of pyridoxal. Structural features of glutamic aspartic transaminase; studies on leucine decarboxylase; cleavage of cystamine by diamineoxidase; and enzymatic steps in the degradation of vitamin B6 by bacteria are also discussed. The final chapter gives a brief survey of the developments in the study of catalytic functions and biological role of PLP enzymes. Biochemists, biologists, chemists, enzymologists, pharmacologists, and physicians will find this book invaluable.

Advances in Biosciences 2 documents the proceedings of the Schering Symposium on Biodynamics and Mechanism of Action of Steroid Hormones held in Berlin, on 14-16 March 1968. The volume begins by presenting the opening address on the symposium's main themes followed by a lecture on the factors influencing the nature and significance of research in the biological sciences. The papers presented cover topics such as methods for automatic and semi-automatic assay of steroids; the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the investigation of complex mixtures; factors controlling steroid hormone metabolism; and the metabolism of free and conjugated estrogens. Other studies deal with the molecular basis of estrogen-binding in target cells; early biochemical events in the mouse testis associated with ultimate induction of interstitial cell tumors by estrogens; biochemical features of androgens; and effects of corticosteroid administration on rats. This book also presents panel discussions on the clinical aspects, biodynamics, and action of steroid hormones.

Data Acquisition and Processing in Biology and Medicine, Volume 5 presents the proceedings of the 1966 Rochester Conference. The book presents a model based on the visco-elastic behavior of the aorta and arterioles that can generate aortic pressure curves resembling real ones; and the computer-aided diagnosis. The text also includes papers on an electric analog for the uptake, distribution and excretion of inhalation anesthetics; the use of computer analysis of morphological pattern as an aid in taxonomic discrimination; and a simulation study of a hand controlled by myoelectric signals. Computer-aided differentiation of glycemic curves, as well as the use of Fourier waveform analysis to confirm the differentiability of preganglionic slow potentials into postganglionic slow potential waveforms are also encompassed.

Reproductive Biology and Taxonomy of Vascular Plants is a collection of papers presented at the Conference on Reproductive Biology and Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, held at the Department of Botany, University of Birmingham on April 23-25, 1965. The conference primarily explores the reproductive biology of flowering plants and ferns to arrive at a better understanding of variation patterns and modes of evolution. This book is divided into six chapters and begins with a discussion on the breeding systems, variation and adaptation. The next chapters survey the practical implications of knowledge of breeding systems and other aspects of the reproductive biology of flowering plants, as well as the pollination mechanisms in orchids and the evolution of this family in relation to insect evolution. These chapters include an account of the foraging behavior of honey bees and its importance to the botanist in delineating the behavior of the insects that pollinate the plants. Other chapters deal with the mechanisms of plant dispersal and establishment, the aspects of seed dormancy, and germination and reproductive capacity related to evolutionary processes. The concluding chapters explore the many aspects of apomixis in its wider sense and survey how the variation patterns of apomicts were due to this special mode of reproduction. This book is directed primarily to botanists.

Heredity and Society documents the proceedings of a symposium on heredity and society sponsored by the Birth Defects Institute of the New York State Department of Health held in Albany, New York, October 26-27, 1971. The central theme,''Heredity and Society''means taking part in the exploration of the science of genetics as it affects and is affected by modern life. The contributions made by researchers at the symposium are organized into five sections. The two papers in Section 1 review the history of genetics and discuss ongoing human evolution. Section II presents two studies on changes in the frequency of genes in the population and the evolution of human behavior. Section III contains studies on the effects of genetic counseling and couples who get genetic counseling. Section IV presents some reflections about the consequences of past, present, and future life styles in reproduction of citizens living in Western democracies. It also includes studies on the genetic implications of abortion and the impact of congenital malformations on society. Section V deals with sex chromosome abnormalities; mass screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism; and ethical issues raised by advances in genetics.

Recent Advances in Phytochemisty, Volume 8: Metabolism and Regulation of Secondary Plant Products covers papers from the 13th annual meeting of the Phytochemical Society of North America held on August 8-10, 1973, at the Asilomar State Park and Conference Center in Pacific Grove, California. The book discusses phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic metabolism; enzymology and regulation of flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis in plants and plant cell suspension cultures; and possible multienzyme complexes regulating the formation of C6-C3 phelonic compounds and lignins in higher plants. The text also describes photoregulation of phenylpropanoid and styrylpyrone biosynthesis in Polyporis hispidus; the nonprotein amino acids from plants; and the role of proteinase inhibitors in natural plant protection. The regulatory control mechanisms in alkaloid biosynthesis; the biochemistry of myoinositol in plants; and unusual fatty acids in plants are also considered. Phytochemists and people involved in the study of pomology will find the book useful.