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Writing scientific publications is a fundamental step in the research process. Furthermore, as science becomes more interdisciplinary and the number of journals continues to expand, individual papers increasingly need to stand out to be read and have any form of impact. It is widely assumed that students and early career scientists will simply acquire the necessary expertise. However, this could not be further from the truth - many early career scientists find writing both intimidating and overwhelming; writing is a skill that needs to be learnt and actively developed. This novel book's fundamental principle is simple - the reader must come first. The purpose of a scientific paper is to pass on knowledge, and so impactful writing must focus on attracting, holding, and illuminating readers. The authors demonstrate how just a few simple pointers can significantly improve both writing quality and impact. They tackle each component of a paper in turn, providing a simple framework that makes clear what needs to be included (and what doesn't!), and in what order. They also provide advice for writing up different types of science, from laboratory experiments to theoretical modelling. The focus throughout is on the need to use simple, jargon-free English, and to assume that the reader has little or no prior knowledge. In summary, the book is about writing better scientific papers that are more likely to be read and have impact. Scientific Papers Made Easy is targeted at a broad audience of students and professionals, across the biological, life, and human sciences. It uses simple biological and human examples that assume no prior knowledge and will resonate with any scientist.

This book gathers selected, extended and revised contributions to the 17th International Symposium on Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering and the 5th Conference on Imaging and Visualization (CMBBE 2021), held online on September 7-9, 2021, from Bonn, Germany. It reports on cutting-edge models, algorithms and imaging techniques for studying cells, tissues and organs in normal and pathological conditions. It covers numerical and machine learning methods, finite element modeling and virtual reality techniques, applied to understand biomechanics of movement, fluid and soft tissue biomechanics. It also reports on related advances in rehabilitation, surgery and diagnosis. All in all, this book offers a timely snapshot of the latest research and current challenges at the interface between biomedical engineering, computational biomechanics and biological imaging. Thus, it is expected to provide a source of inspiration for future research and cross-disciplinary collaborations.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Biomedical Image Registration, WBIR 2024, held in conjunction with the 27th International conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024, in Marrakesh, Morocco in October 2024. The 28 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. These papers have been categorized under the following topical sections: Architectures; Robustness; Atlas/ Fusion; Feature/ Similarity Learning & Efficiency.

More than 2,500 abstracts of papers published in a period of 44 years (1956-1998) of nematological research makes the Cumulative Abstract Index to Nematologica an indispensable tool for research workers, agricultural industrialists and university teachers. The abstract index will greatly facilitate access to quality papers on the subject of nematodes (taxonomy, physiology, morphology and genetics), crop protection research, molecular biology in nematological research, nematode parasites, nematophagous fungi, arthropods and soil free-living nematodes and will be a valuable aid to researchers. The Index is even more valuable if used in combination with the General Index published as part of the regular publication program of Nematologica (issue 43 (3-4), May 1997). This general Index volume consists of an Index to Authors and Titles, a Systematic and Subject Index to Nematodes, a Systematic and Subject Index to Hosts/Parasites, and an Index to Methods. The Index can be specifically used to find references to certain nematode species, whereas the abstracts of the actual papers are readily found in the chronologically ordered Cumulative Abstract Index to Nematologica.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on IWBBIO 2023, held in Meloneras, Gran Canaria, Spain, during July 12-14, 2022. The total of 79 papers presented in the proceedings, was carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers cove the latest ideas and realizations in the foundations, theory, models, and applications for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research encompassing disciplines of computer science, mathematics, statistics, biology, bioinformatics, and biomedicine.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on IWBBIO 2023, held in Meloneras, Gran Canaria, Spain, during July 12-14, 2022. The total of 79 papers presented in the proceedings, was carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers cove the latest ideas and realizations in the foundations, theory, models, and applications for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research encompassing disciplines of computer science, mathematics, statistics, biology, bioinformatics, and biomedicine.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology, CMSB 2023, held in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, during September 13–15, 2023. The 14 full papers and 3 tool papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. CMSB focuses on modeling, simulation, analysis, design and control of biological systems and covers the broad field of computational methods and tools in systems and synthetic biology and their applications.

This two-volume set LNCS 14134 and LNCS 14135 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2023, held in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, during June 19–21, 2023. The 108 full papers presented in this two-volume set were carefully reviewed and selected from 149 submissions. The papers in Part I are organized in topical sections on advanced topics in computational intelligence; advances in artificial neural networks; ANN HW-accelerators; applications of machine learning in biomedicine and healthcare; and applications of machine learning in time series analysis. The papers in Part II are organized in topical sections on deep learning and applications; deep learning applied to computer vision and robotics; general applications of artificial intelligence; interaction with neural systems in both health and disease; machine learning for 4.0 industry solutions; neural networks in chemistry and material characterization; ordinal classification; real world applications of BCI systems; and spiking neural networks: applications and algorithms.

Contains 67 original papers by nearly 100 of the world's leading specialists. Together with abstracts and literature references for 37 presentations not represented by papers, this volume provides complete coverage of the Conference and a comprehensive overview of modern research on the polychaete annelids, one of the most important groups of marine invertebrates and constituents of marine benthos. Taxonomic and subject indices of all papers and abstracts provide ready access to the contained information. Richly illustrated, this book is provided with numerous line drawings, and photomicrographs, electron micrographs. Over 60 taxa are newly described or reassigned, and detailed reviews, revisions or redescriptions are provided for five families, one subfamily and numerous genera and species, with many illustrations of new and redescribed taxa and a pictorial key to the maglonids of Thailand.

This two-volume set LNCS 14134 and LNCS 14135 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2023, held in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, during June 19–21, 2023.The 108 full papers presented in this two-volume set were carefully reviewed and selected from 149 submissions.The papers in Part I are organized in topical sections on advanced topics in computational intelligence; advances in artificial neural networks; ANN HW-accelerators; applications of machine learning in biomedicine and healthcare; and applications of machine learning in time series analysis. The papers in Part II are organized in topical sections on deep learning and applications; deep learning applied to computer vision and robotics; general applications of artificial intelligence; interaction with neural systems in both health and disease; machine learning for 4.0 industry solutions; neural networks in chemistry and materialcharacterization; ordinal classification; real world applications of BCI systems; and spiking neural networks: applications and algorithms.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th Annual RECOMB Satellite Workshop on Comparative Genomics, RECOMB-CG 2023 which took place in Istanbul, Turkey, in April 2023. The 15 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. The papers present cutting edge research in comparative genomics, with an emphasis on computational approaches and novel experimental results.Chapters'Inferring Clusters of Orthologous and Paralogous Transcripts'and'Gene Order Phylogeny via Ancestral Genome Reconstruction under Dollo'are published Open Access under Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY 4.0).

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Interpretability of Machine Intelligence in Medical Image Computing, iMIMIC 2022, held in September 2022, in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022.The 10 full papers presented at iMIMIC 2022 were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions each. The iMIMIC papers focus on introducing the challenges and opportunities related to the topic of interpretability of machine learning systems in the context of medical imaging and computer assisted intervention.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th Annual RECOMB Satellite Workshop on Comparative Genomics, RECOMB-CG which took place in La Jolla, USA, during May 20-21, 2022. The 18 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections on evolution; phylogenetics; homology and reconciliation; genome rearrangements; metagenomics; and genomic sequencing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology, CMSB 2022, held in Bucharest, Romania, in September 2022.The 13 full papers and 4 tool papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. CMSB focuses on modeling, simulation, analysis, design and control of biological systems. The papers are arranged thematically as follows: Chemical reaction networks; Boolean networks; continuous and hybrid models; machine learning; software.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Biomedical Image Registration, WBIR 2020, which was supposed to be held in Munich, Germany, in July 2022.The 11 full and poster papers together with 17 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submitted papers. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: optimization, deep learning architectures, neuroimaging, diffeomorphisms, uncertainty, topology and metrics.

How a small number of risky experiments creates many unwieldy problems for life science research.The life sciences have never been more critical to human health, wealth, and security. But with any endeavor comes risk, and the last decade has seen concerns raised about gain-of function-research in which a microbe, usually a virus, is given new properties like enhanced lethality, transmissibility, or the capability to infect new species. In 2021 the term seeped into the tabloids when a conflict between Senator Rand Paul and Dr. Anthony Fauci arose over the origins of COVID-19. In Gain of Function, Nicholas Evans—who has spent his career studying gain-of-function research—describes what this kind of research is, what it isn't, and why a small number of scientific experiments continues to make headlines.Evans begins with a description of what gain-of-function research is in science, and what it means in government policy. He tells the story of the original papers that sparked controversy more than a decade ago, unpacking them for readers unfamiliar with virology research, and he identifies where and why policymakers and scientists alike became concerned. He then turns to the history of policies that attempt to regulate gain-of-function research, the current controversies, and the ethics of risky research. He concludes with the future of gain of function, including how debates about gain of function will influence science and public health in years to come.

'Bizarre Body Facts'takes readers on a fascinating journey through the lesser-known aspects of human anatomy, revealing incredible insights like how our blood vessels could circle the Earth twice and how our brain outperforms advanced computers.This comprehensive exploration bridges multiple scientific disciplines, including evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and biochemistry, presenting verified medical research in an accessible format for both healthcare professionals and curious readers.The book is thoughtfully organized into three main sections, beginning with unique anatomical variations in healthy individuals, followed by compelling medical cases that have advanced our understanding of body systems, and concluding with an examination of autonomous bodily functions.Through detailed illustrations, medical imaging, and case studies, readers gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity of biological systems while maintaining scientific rigor throughout the exploration. Drawing from historical medical records, contemporary research papers, and clinical studies, the book challenges current medical understanding while providing valuable context for personal health decisions.What sets this work apart is its systematic approach to presenting complex anatomical concepts, breaking down technical terms into digestible components while maintaining scientific accuracy. The content serves as both an educational tool and a reference source, connecting readers to the latest developments in medical science while inspiring wonder at the human body's remarkable capabilities.

A hands-on approach to quantitative reasoning in the life sciencesQuantitative Biosciences establishes the quantitative principles of how living systems work across scales, drawing on classic and modern discoveries to present a case study approach that links mechanisms, models, and measurements. Each case study is organized around a central question in the life sciences: Are mutations dependent on selection? How do cells respond to fluctuating signals in the environment? How do organisms move in flocks given local sensing? How does the size of an epidemic depend on its initial speed of spread? Each question provides the basis for introducing landmark advances in the life sciences while teaching students—whether from the life sciences, physics, computational sciences, engineering, or mathematics—how to reason quantitatively about living systems given uncertainty.Draws on real-world case studies in molecular and cellular biosciences, organismal behavior and physiology, and populations and ecological communitiesStand-alone lab guides available in Python, R, and MATLAB help students move from learning in the classroom to doing research in practiceHomework exercises build on the lab guides, emphasizing computational model development and analysis rather than pencil-and-paper derivationsSuitable for capstone undergraduate classes, foundational graduate classes, or as part of interdisciplinary courses for students from quantitative backgroundsCan be used as part of conventional, flipped, or hybrid instruction formatsAdditional materials available to instructors, including lesson plans and homework solutions

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, MLMI 2024, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2024, Marrakesh, Morocco, on October 6, 2024. The 63 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 submissions. They focus on major trends and challenges in the above-mentioned area, aiming to identify new-cutting-edge techniques and their uses in medical imaging using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, MLMI 2023, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2024, Marrakesh, Morocco, on October 6, 2024. The 63 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 submissions. They focus on major trends and challenges in the above-mentioned area, aiming to identify new-cutting-edge techniques and their uses in medical imaging using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).

This book is the second edition of the one originally published in 2016, which focused on state-of-the-art microfluidic research in medical and biological applications. Similar to the first edition, beginners in the field —undergraduates, engineers, biologists, medical and pharmaceutical researchers—will easily learn to understand microfluidic-based medical and biological applications. Because a wide range of topics is summarized here, it also helps experts to learn more about fields outside their own specialties. In this second edition, significant revisions have been made to chapters covering technologies that have seen major advancements, such as acoustofluidics, protein crystallography, organ-on-a-chip systems, nanopore sensing, and paper-based microfluidics. In addition, the chapters on cancer diagnosis using exosomes and single-cell sequencing using droplet microfluidics, which are attracting attention as new technologies, have been newly added. Readers will be convinced that microfluidic devices have great potential for medical and biological applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology, CMSB 2024, which took place in Pisa, Italy, during September 16-18, 2024. The 11 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. They deal with computational methods and tools in systems and synthetic biology and their applications, focusing on topics such as modeling and simulation; high-performance methods for computational systems biology; identification of biological systems; applications of machine learning; network modeling, analysis, and inference; automated parameter and model synthesis; model integration and biological databases; multiscale modeling and analysis methods; design, analysis, and verification methods for synthetic biology; methods for biomolecular computing and engineered molecular devices; data-based approaches for systems and synthetic biology; optimality and control of biological systems; modeling, analysis, and control of microbial communities. The conference welcomes new theoretical results with potential applications to systems and synthetic biology, as well as novel applications and case studies of existing methods, tools, or frameworks.

What drove the building of the first megalithic monuments and lifestyle changes that launched Western civilization? This exploration of the human experience of special sound in ancient ritual and ceremonial spaces brings a new perspective for anyone with an interest in prehistory and human development in its most pivotal days. From Göbekli Tepe in Anatolia to megalithic temples in Malta to passage tombs in Ireland, the world's oldest buildings and the newest scientific research combine for a look at the Western Neolithic Revolution that goes where no one has gone before. With original photos and illustrations, Megaliths, Music and the Mind assembles content from the worlds of archaeology, architecture, anthropology, ethnomusicology, genetics, neuroscience, physics, and more. Fascinating pieces of evidence are set side by side, resulting in a stunning premise. This book is a core overview focused on the rediscovery of an ill-understood sensory element of developing culture, with hope for therapeutic application in the modern world. Material from the out-of-print booklet Listening for Ancient Gods has been expanded and updated in this volume, which also includes select papers from OTSF Archaeoacoustics International Conferences, plus a personal account from one of the founding fathers of new-age music.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Work-Conference on IWBBIO 2023, held in Meloneras, Gran Canaria, Spain, during July 15-17, 2022. The 54 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. They were organized in the following topical sections: Healthcare and Diseases, Machine Learning in Bioinformatics, New Advances in Deep Learning in Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, Novel Methodologies and Applications in Bioinformatics and Biomedicine.

This two-volume set LNBI 14881-14882 constitutes - in conjunction with the 13-volume set LNCS 14862-14874 and the 6-volume set LNAI 14875-14880 - the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2024, held in Tianjin, China, during August 5-8, 2024. The total of 863 regular papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 2189 submissions. The intelligent computing annual conference primarily aims to promote research, development and application of advanced intelligent computing techniques by providing a vibrant and effective forum across a variety of disciplines. This conference has a further aim of increasing the awareness of industry of advanced intelligent computing techniques and the economic benefits that can be gained by implementing them. The intelligent computing technology includes a range of techniques such as Artificial Intelligence, Pattern Recognition, Evolutionary Computing, Informatics Theories and Applications, Computational Neuroscience & Bioscience, Soft Computing, Human Computer Interface Issues, etc.

This two-volume set LNBI 14881-14882 constitutes - in conjunction with the 13-volume set LNCS 14862-14874 and the 6-volume set LNAI 14875-14880 - the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2024, held in Tianjin, China, during August 5-8, 2024. The total of 863 regular papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 2189 submissions. The intelligent computing annual conference primarily aims to promote research, development and application of advanced intelligent computing techniques by providing a vibrant and effective forum across a variety of disciplines. This conference has a further aim of increasing the awareness of industry of advanced intelligent computing techniques and the economic benefits that can be gained by implementing them. The intelligent computing technology includes a range of techniques such as Artificial Intelligence, Pattern Recognition, Evolutionary Computing, Informatics Theories and Applications, Computational Neuroscience & Bioscience, Soft Computing, Human Computer Interface Issues, etc.

This book gathers high-quality research papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems (COMSYS 2023) held at Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, during 16–17 October 2023. The book is divided into two volumes, and it covers research in “cyber-physical systems for real-life applications” pertaining to AI, machine learning and data science; devices, circuits, and systems; computational biology, biomedical informatics, and network medicine; communication networks, cloud computing, and IoT; image, video, and signal processing; and security and privacy.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Work-Conference on IWBBIO 2023, held in Gran Canaria, Spain, during July 15-17, 2022. The 54 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. They were organized in the following topical sections: Biomarker Identification, Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Signal Analysis, E-Health.

Evolutionary thinking provides insights into many different areas in the research and practice of medicine and public health. It takes specialties such as medical microbiology, epidemiology, oncology, gynecology, and psychiatry that had become increasingly siloed and places them in a larger framework. This foundational structure enables students to view medical knowledge as an integrated whole, underpinned by general principles rather than a loose collection of disparate facts. The discipline of evolutionary medicine continues to advance rapidly as new results come in showing where the insights pay off and where they do not. Its conceptual foundations have also been strengthened in papers not yet reflected in the textbooks, so a new edition is therefore timely. At the same time, the teaching of evolutionary medicine has also been steadily gaining momentum both in courses that prepare undergraduates for medical school in North America and in other contexts worldwide. Evolutionary Medicine is intended for undergraduate students preparing for careers in medicine and public health, students in schools of medicine and public health, and medical professionals curious about the insights that evolutionary thinking can bring to their field. It will also be relevant to students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, anthropology, developmental biology, and genetics. It highlights the most important insights in a relatively brief and compelling book that does not attempt encyclopedic coverage of a rapidly changing field.

This book gathers high-quality research papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems (COMSYS 2023) held at Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, during 16–17 October 2023. The book is divided into two volumes, and it covers research in “cyber-physical systems for real-life applications” pertaining to AI, machine learning and data science; devices, circuits, and systems; computational biology, biomedical informatics, and network medicine; communication networks, cloud computing, and IoT; image, video, and signal processing; and security and privacy.

This book presents a collection of high-quality research papers, presented at the Second International Symposium on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BioInfoMed'2022). It offers a comprehensive look into some of the fastest growing fields of science, such as biomedicine, bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and mathematical modeling. The different chapters of the work include both practical solutions and strictly scientific considerations expanding knowledge about the future bioinformatics and biomedical engineering challenges. We believe that the presented works will have a great impact not only on the development and the application of new methods for modeling, decision making and data mining in healthcare and biomedicine, but also it will provide a source of inspiration for researchers who can implement the proposed methods into their practice and scientific studies.

This book constitutes the Third 3D Head and Neck Tumor Segmentation in PET/CT Challenge, HECKTOR 2022, which was held in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022, on September 22, 2022.The 22 contributions presented, as well as an overview paper, were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. This challenge aims to evaluate and compare the current state-of-the-art methods for automatic head and neck tumor segmentation. In the context of this challenge, a dataset of 883 delineated PET/CT images was made available for training.

This book gathers high-quality research papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems (COMSYS 2022) held at Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India, during December 19–21, 2022. The book covers research in “cyber-physical systems for real-life applications” pertaining to AI, machine learning, and data science; devices, circuits, and systems; computational biology, biomedical informatics and network medicine; communication networks, cloud computing and IoT; image, video and signal processing; and security and privacy.

The present volume is an attempt to present the work of eminent researchers related to the field of aquatic habitats pollution, its effect on their fauna, flora and management of these habitats. It comprises of 17 research papers and reviews on above aspects. This book will be very useful publication for Hydrobiologists, Fishery biologists, Aquaculturists and Post-graduate students of Ecology and Environmental Sciences in various respects.

This book includes selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Computational Vision and Bio Inspired Computing (ICCVBIC 2022), held in Coimbatore, India, from November 18 to 19, 2022. This volume presents state-of-the-art research innovations in computational vision and bio-inspired techniques. It includes theoretical and practical aspects of bio-inspired computing techniques, like machine learning, sensor-based models, evolutionary optimization and big data modeling and management that make use of effectual computing processes in the bio-inspired systems.

This book presents contributions from the MICCAI 2022 Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop.'Computational Biomechanics for Medicine - towards translation and better patient outcomes” comprises papers accepted for the MICCAI Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop held in 2022 in Singapore. The content focuses on applications of computational biomechanics to computer-integrated medicine, which includes MICCAI topics of Medical Image Computing, Computer-Aided Modeling and Evaluation of Surgical Procedures, and Imaging, Analysis Methods for Image Guided Therapies, Computational Physiology, and Medical Robotics. Specific topics covered include medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, analysis of injury mechanisms, implant and prostheses design, as well as artificial organ design and medical robotics. This book details state-of-the-art progress in the above fields to researchers, students, and professionals.

MATHEMATICAL MACROEVOLUTION IN DIATOM RESEARCH Buy this book to learn how to use mathematics in macroevolution research and apply mathematics to study complex biological problems. This book contains recent research in mathematical and analytical studies on diatoms. These studies reflect the complex and intricate nature of the problems being analyzed and the need to use mathematics as an aid in finding solutions. Diatoms are important components of marine food webs, the silica and carbon cycles, primary productivity, and carbon sequestration. Their uniqueness as glass-encased unicells and their presence throughout geologic history exemplifies the need to better understand such organisms. Explicating the role of diatoms in the biological world is no more urgent than their role as environmental and climate indicators, and as such, is aided by the mathematical studies in this book. The volume contains twelve original research papers as chapters. Macroevolutionary science topics covered are morphological analysis, morphospace analysis, adaptation, food web dynamics, origination-extinction and diversity, biogeography, life cycle dynamics, complexity, symmetry, and evolvability. Mathematics used in the chapters include stochastic and delay differential and partial differential equations, differential geometry, probability theory, ergodic theory, group theory, knot theory, statistical distributions, chaos theory, and combinatorics. Applied sciences used in the chapters include networks, machine learning, robotics, computer vision, image processing, pattern recognition, and dynamical systems. The volume covers a diverse range of mathematical treatments of topics in diatom research. Audience Diatom researchers, mathematical biologists, evolutionary and macroevolutionary biologists, paleontologists, paleobiologists, theoretical biologists, as well as researchers in applied mathematics, algorithm sciences, complex systems science, computational sciences, informatics, computer vision and image processing sciences, nanoscience, the biofuels industry, and applied engineering.

This book presents contributions from the MICCAI 2021 Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop.'Computational Biomechanics for Medicine - towards translation and better patient outcomes” comprises papers accepted for the MICCAI Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop held virtually in conjunction with Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention conference 2021, based in Strasbourg. The content focuses on methods and applications of computational biomechanics to medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, analysis of injury mechanisms, implant and prostheses design, as well as artificial organ design and medical robotics. This book details state-of-the-art progress in the above fields to researchers, students, and professionals.

Tabata Training: The Science and History of HIIT provides evidence and mechanism(s) that explain the beneficial effects Tabata training has on diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and colon cancer. The book also includes coverage of maximal oxygen uptake as an essential parameter of both sport and health-oriented fitness for researchers and exercisers. HIIT was first prepared for young adults, but nowadays, evidence has been accumulated to prescribe it to adult men and women. For kids, several papers have reported beneficial effects of Tabata training on normal and obese pupils of elementary to high school students as well as for physical education classes. Recent studies showed that not only improving sport performance, Tabata training contributes to good health outcomes in adults. - Provides evidence accumulated in Dr. Tabata's laboratory - Contains viewpoints of applied physiology to basic biology - Includes practical tips for the reader to apply Tabata training to their exercise routine

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, MLMI 2022, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2022, in Singapore, in September 2022. The 48 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. They focus on major trends and challenges in the above-mentioned area, aiming to identify new-cutting-edge techniques and their uses in medical imaging. Topics dealt with are: deep learning, generative adversarial learning, ensemble learning, sparse learning, multi-task learning, multi-view learning, manifold learning, and reinforcement learning, with their applications to medical image analysis, computer-aided detection and diagnosis, multi-modality fusion, image reconstruction, image retrieval, cellular image analysis, molecular imaging, digital pathology, etc.

This book gathers outstanding research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems (COMSYS 2021), organized by Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Department of Information Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India held during September 29–October 1, 2021. The book presents the latest research and results in various fields of machine learning, computational intelligence, VLSI, networks and systems, computational biology, and security, making it a rich source of reference material for academia and industry alike.

Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Didactics - Biolology, grade: 1.0,, course: Master of Arts in Education, language: English, abstract: The study assessed the teachers'expectations, problems, and challenges with Grade 7 Science in the K-12 Basic Education Curriculum. It also examines what assistance is provided by the administrators. The study was conducted in two National High Schools in the Philippines for the school year 2015-2016. This study used descriptive research design which employed the mixed method using questionnaire which was substantiated with the semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. The findings revealed that the teachers have high expectations particularly on the assessment of learning, teaching strategies, benefits to learners, nature of the curriculum and teaching approaches for the Grade 7 Science in the K-12 Basic Education Curriculum. The teachers were mostly challenged in developing instructional materials, providing activities that would master the competencies or skills of the learners, disciplining learners and making remedial activities. The Grade 7 Science Teachers encountered problems with learners who do not submit written outputs, students'difficulty in expressing their ideas, they do not bring materials for the experiment and they lack competence in teaching the core subjects. The Administrators provided assistance to the Grade 7 Science Teachers by sending the said teachers to training and seminar; providing them with worksheets on various science activities from LRMDS Website/internet; and in the production of test papers for the summative test.

Bee vs Wasp offers a compelling exploration of two frequently misunderstood insects, delving deep into their distinct behaviors, social structures, and ecological roles. Through systematic research and field observations, the book illuminates how these seemingly similar creatures have evolved to occupy vastly different niches in our ecosystem, with bees primarily serving as pollinators while wasps often function as natural pest controllers. The book's journey begins with an examination of behavioral patterns and social structures, from solitary species to complex colonies, revealing how environmental pressures have shaped their evolution. Particularly fascinating is the detailed analysis of their divergent approaches to survival and reproduction, backed by decades of scientific research and contemporary studies using advanced tracking technologies. The text expertly balances technical accuracy with accessibility, making complex biological concepts understandable through clear examples and practical applications. As the narrative progresses, readers gain insight into these insects'crucial roles in maintaining ecosystem stability, with special attention paid to agricultural impacts and conservation challenges. The book addresses pressing environmental concerns, including the effects of climate change on insect populations and their subsequent impact on crop yields and biodiversity. For professionals and enthusiasts alike, this comprehensive guide provides evidence-based strategies for supporting beneficial insect populations while managing potential conflicts with human activities, making it an invaluable resource for understanding these essential creatures'place in our natural world.

Skin's Hidden World reveals the fascinating complexity of our body's largest organ, transforming our understanding of skin from a simple protective barrier into a sophisticated ecosystem teeming with life. This comprehensive exploration delves into the trillion-strong microbial community inhabiting our skin and its crucial role in maintaining health, preventing disease, and influencing everything from immune responses to mental well-being. The book masterfully weaves together three interconnected themes: the dynamic skin microbiome, the intricate biological barrier function, and skin's influence on human health and identity. Through cutting-edge research in microbiology, immunology, and dermatology, readers discover how advanced genetic sequencing has mapped bacterial diversity across different body regions, challenging traditional approaches to skincare and medical treatments. The text presents compelling evidence from longitudinal clinical studies and microbiome research, making complex scientific concepts accessible through clear explanations and relevant case studies. Progressing from fundamental skin biology through to practical applications, the book connects multiple disciplines including evolutionary biology, psychology, and environmental science. It offers evidence-based recommendations for skincare while addressing current debates in dermatology, such as the impact of modern hygiene practices and commercial skincare products. This unique integration of traditional dermatological knowledge with recent microbiome discoveries provides healthcare professionals, biology students, and informed readers with both theoretical insights and practical guidance for maintaining skin health in today's challenging environment.

Sweat and Survival unveils the fascinating story of how human sweating capabilities have been crucial to our species'success and survival. Through a compelling blend of scientific research and practical insights, the book explores the intricate workings of our body's 2-3 million sweat glands and their fundamental role in maintaining optimal body temperature.This comprehensive examination stands out for its unique integration of molecular biology, evolutionary history, and modern applications, making complex physiological concepts accessible to both medical professionals and curious general readers. The book progresses logically from the basic molecular composition of sweat to its broader implications in human evolution and contemporary life.It reveals how our distinctive eccrine glands set us apart from most mammals, enabling our ancestors to become successful persistent hunters and adapt to diverse climates. Drawing from cutting-edge research in physiology, evolutionary biology, and anthropology, the text weaves together evidence from thermal imaging studies, biochemical analyses, and comparative physiological research to present a complete picture of sweat's significance.The narrative extends beyond basic biology to explore practical applications in sports science, medical diagnostics, and climate adaptation studies. Readers gain valuable insights into optimizing their body's cooling mechanisms, understanding dehydration risks, and recognizing sweat's role in various aspects of human health and performance.By examining this seemingly simple bodily function through multiple scientific lenses, the book demonstrates how thermoregulation continues to influence everything from athletic performance to urban planning, making it relevant for anyone interested in human biology and adaptation.

Insect Metamorphosis Stages offers a fascinating exploration of one of nature's most remarkable transformations: how insects develop from their larval forms into adult organisms. This comprehensive work bridges classical developmental biology with cutting-edge molecular research to unravel the complex orchestration of genetic, hormonal, and cellular processes that drive metamorphosis. The book uniquely integrates traditional observations with modern scientific discoveries, making complex biological concepts accessible through clear explanations and carefully chosen examples. The text progresses logically from historical perspectives to current understanding, examining both complete and incomplete metamorphosis through detailed case studies of various insect orders. Key insights include the precise interplay between juvenile hormone and ecdysone in triggering developmental changes, and the remarkable coordination of multiple biological systems during tissue remodeling. The book's approach to explaining these processes combines microscopy images, genetic analyses, and hormonal studies to provide a comprehensive view of metamorphic development. Through systematic exploration of molecular mechanisms and environmental influences, the work demonstrates how metamorphosis represents an evolutionary adaptation that has profound implications for fields ranging from pest management to biotechnology. While maintaining scientific rigor, the book presents complex research findings in an accessible format that serves both academic audiences and informed general readers interested in developmental biology and entomology. This balanced approach makes it an invaluable resource for understanding the precision and complexity of biological transformation in insects.

Camel vs Llama offers a fascinating exploration of two remarkable mammals that have independently evolved similar adaptations to extreme environments while becoming invaluable partners in human civilization. Through a comprehensive analysis of their physiological features, behavioral patterns, and domestication history, the book reveals how these species developed parallel solutions for survival despite evolving on different continents. The text masterfully weaves together multiple scientific disciplines, examining how camels and llamas adapted to their respective harsh environments through distinct mechanisms for water conservation and temperature regulation. Readers discover intriguing comparisons, such as how camels use their distinctive humps for energy storage while llamas developed specialized wool, and how both species evolved unique foot structures suited to their native terrains. The integration of recent genetic studies, archaeological findings, and traditional ecological knowledge provides a rich, multi-faceted understanding of these animals'evolutionary journeys. Moving from geological contexts to physiological adaptations and ultimately to human-animal relationships, the book maintains an accessible tone while delving into complex biological concepts. This approach makes it valuable for both academic audiences and general readers interested in natural history. The work's emphasis on practical applications, including sustainable livestock management and conservation strategies, particularly resonates with readers concerned about these species'roles in adapting to climate change.

Butterfly vs Moth offers a fascinating exploration of the intricate distinctions between two remarkable insect groups within the order Lepidoptera. Moving beyond common misconceptions, this comprehensive guide reveals how these closely related insects have evolved distinct characteristics while sharing a common ancestry. The book masterfully combines cutting-edge research with accessible explanations, making complex scientific concepts understandable to both enthusiasts and professionals. The journey begins with detailed examinations of physical differences, such as wing structures and antennae formation, supported by microscopic imagery and anatomical diagrams. The narrative then progresses into fascinating behavioral patterns, challenging popular assumptions about nocturnal and diurnal activities while exploring remarkable phenomena like moth navigation by moonlight and butterfly migration. What makes this book particularly valuable is its integration of evolutionary biology, showing how environmental pressures shaped these insects into their current forms. Through systematic organization and clear language, the book serves multiple audiences, from university students to citizen scientists. It stands out by incorporating practical applications, including identification guides and conservation strategies, while addressing current scientific debates in the field. The comprehensive scope covers species from various global regions, making it an invaluable resource for anyone interested in understanding the remarkable world of Lepidoptera, from basic distinctions to complex biological processes.

Orca vs Great White offers a captivating exploration of two ocean giants competing at the top of the marine food chain. Through comprehensive analysis of hunting behaviors, territorial patterns, and ecological impacts, the book reveals how these apex predators have evolved distinct strategies to dominate their oceanic domains. Drawing from decades of research, including underwater footage and satellite tracking data, it presents compelling evidence of how these magnificent creatures maintain crucial balance in marine ecosystems. The book systematically progresses from examining physical attributes and sensory capabilities to detailed analysis of hunting strategies, demonstrating how orcas'social pod dynamics contrast sharply with the solitary nature of great whites. Particularly fascinating are the revelations about their different approaches to hunting – while orcas employ coordinated group tactics, great whites rely on stealth and power. The text expertly weaves together findings from international research teams, including previously unpublished data from recent field studies. Written in an accessible yet scientifically rigorous style, this work serves both as an academic reference and an engaging read for wildlife enthusiasts. It effectively bridges marine biology with behavioral ecology and conservation science, offering practical insights for marine protected area design and sustainable fishing practices. What sets this book apart is its objective, evidence-based approach to comparing these predators, avoiding sensationalism while maintaining reader interest through detailed observations of predator-prey interactions and hunting events.

Ants vs Bees offers a fascinating exploration of Earth's most successful insect societies, comparing how these remarkable creatures have developed distinct approaches to social living over 100 million years of evolution. This comprehensive examination reveals the sophisticated organizational structures that enable both species to thrive, while highlighting their unique adaptations to different environmental challenges. The book masterfully weaves together three core themes: collective decision-making, labor division, and communication networks. Through detailed scientific analysis, readers discover how ant colonies rely primarily on pheromone trails for communication, while bees have evolved their famous waggle dance to share information. The systematic comparison progresses from colony architecture and organization to communication methods and complex decision-making processes, incorporating cutting-edge research using RFID tracking and computer modeling. What sets this work apart is its interdisciplinary approach, connecting insights from chemistry, physics, and mathematics to explain how these social insects have inspired innovations in various fields. The accessible writing style makes complex concepts understandable through clear analogies and examples, while maintaining scientific rigor. Whether examining ant tunnel networks or honeycomb construction, the book demonstrates how these parallel but distinct evolutionary paths have led to remarkably successful survival strategies, offering valuable insights for both scientific researchers and nature enthusiasts.