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Endophytes from medicinal plants have garnered global attention due to their remarkable capacity to produce unique phytochemicals, pharmaceuticals and promising lead compounds. This book explores cutting-edge advancements in endophytic fungi research, encompassing a comprehensive exploration of their biodiversity, ecological dynamics, mechanisms of interaction and adaptive strategies. The book offers valuable insights into the therapeutic potential, agricultural applications, environmental impacts and commercial prospects of these fascinating organisms.While the contemporary books are limited to either taxonomic, ecological or practical discussions, this book presents a systematic compilation of biology and biotechnological applications of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants.Key Features Comprehensive exploration of the diversity, ecology and interactions of endophytes derived from medicinal plants found in their natural habitats Highlights the potential of endophytes derived as prolific producers of novel pharmaceutical and lead compounds Showcases the practical applications of endophytes in plant development and sustainable agriculture practices Includes contribution from researchers and academicians having vast experience in the field This book is a collection of informative illustrations, strategically integrated throughout the content, to facilitate the understanding of concepts and aid in smooth transitions between topics. Given the vast and diverse nature of the discipline, this book serves as an invaluable reference resource for students and researchers in various fields, including mycology, microbiology, biotechnology, pharmacology, botany, ecology, agronomy and molecular biology. Additionally, professionals in environmental conservation and policymakers dedicated to preserving biodiversity of medicinal plants will find this book to be a valuable asset in their work.

Despite the phenomenal clinical success of antibody-based biopharmaceuticals in recent years, discovery and development of these novel biomedicines remains a costly, time-consuming, and risky endeavor with low probability of success. To bring better biomedicines to patients faster, we have come up with a strategic vision of Biopharmaceutical Informatics which calls for syncretic use of computation and experiment at all stages of biologic drug discovery and pre-clinical development cycles to improve probability of successful clinical outcomes. Biopharmaceutical Informatics also encourages industry and academic scientists supporting various aspects of biotherapeutic drug discovery and development cycles to learn from our collective experiences of successes and, more importantly, failures. The insights gained from such learnings shall help us improve the rate of successful translation of drug discoveries into drug products available to clinicians and patients, reduce costs, and increase the speed of biologic drug discovery and development. Hopefully, the efficiencies gained from implementing such insights shall make novel biomedicines more affordable for patients.This unique volume describes ways to invent and commercialize biomedicines more efficiently: Calls for digital transformation of biopharmaceutical industry by appropriately collecting, curating, and making available discovery and pre-clinical development project data using FAIR principles Describes applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) in discovery of antibodies in silico (DAbI) starting with antigen design, constructing inherently developable antibody libraries, finding hits, identifying lead candidates, and optimizing them Details applications of AIML, physics-based computational design methods, and other bioinformatics tools in fields such as developability assessments, formulation and excipient design, analytical and bioprocess development, and pharmacology Presents pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) models for biopharmaceuticals Describes uses of AIML in bispecific and multi-specific formats Dr Sandeep Kumar has also edited a collection of articles dedicated to this topic which can be found in the Taylor and Francis journal mAbs.

This book deals with the basic concepts of Plant Science including botanical micro technique and microtomy, staining techniques, molecular techniques, plant tissue culture, electron microscopy, and cryopreservation and germplasm storage.It is the outcome of several decades of research and teaching in plant biology to undergraduate and postgraduate students of Plant Science, Horticulture, Microbiology, and Biotechnology.Print edition not for sale in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

The book Eco-Restoration of the Polluted Environment: A Biological Perspective explores recent advances in biological strategies for the remediation of polluted environments, including soil, water, and air. It covers bioremediation of heavy metals, radioactive waste, and waste gases, which are believed to be bottleneck problems for researchers working in this field. The book contains separate chapters on genetic engineering technology for enhancement of the bioremediation potential of bioresources and the role of biosurfactants, enzymes, and exo-polysaccharides for bioremediation of polluted environments, along with basic aspects of eco-restoration by microorganisms. It summarizes the significant developments of many years of research in bioremediation technology and discusses them critically by presenting selected examples, while also considering future research directions in the area. Features: Deep insight into the modes of action of various bioremediation strategies, as well as the status and progress of bioremediation technology for sustainable developmental practices A research overview of bioremediation strategies using engineered biological resources for remediation of contaminants. The book will also accelerate the application of suitable engineered microbes and plants for field applications A survey of interdisciplinary findings and insights on the impact of pollution on the ecosystem and human health, climate, and other global changes, with individual solutions to the pollution issue Comprehensive information for relevant stakeholders such as global leaders, agriculturists, investors, innovators, farmers, policymakers, extension workers, agro-industrialists, environmentalists, and the education and health sectors, as well as students and researchers in the field

This book introduces semantic representations of multiscale, multidomain physiological systems that link to qualitative reasoning and to quantitative analysis of biophysical processes in health and disease. Two major public health problems, diabetes and hypertension, serve as use-cases to illustrate the depth and rigor of such representations for logical inference and quantitative analysis. Central to this approach is the Ontology of Physics for Biology (OPB) that formally represents the foundations of classical physics and engineering system dynamics that are the basis for our understanding of biomedical entities, processes, and functional relationships.Furthermore, we introduce OPB-based software for annotating and abstracting available biosimulation models for reuse, recombination, and for archiving of physics-based biomedical knowledge. We have formalized and leveraged physics-based biological knowledge as a working view of physiology and biophysics from three distinct perspectives: (1) biologists and biomedical investigators, (2) biophysicists and bioengineers, and (3) biomedical ontologists and informaticists. We present a logical and intuitive semantics of classical physics as a tool for mediating and translating biophysical knowledge among biomedical domains.Daniel L. Cook, MD, PhDJohn H. Gennari, PhDMaxwell L. Neal, PhD

This textbook provides an introduction to the fundamental and applied aspects of biophysics for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of physics, chemistry, and biology. The application of physics principles and techniques in exploring biological systems has long been a tradition in scientific research. Biological systems hold naturally inbuilt physical principles and processes which are popularly explored. Systematic discoveries help us understand the structures and functions of individual biomolecules, biomolecular systems, cells, organelles, tissues, and even the physiological systems of animals and plants. Utilizing a physics- based scientific understanding of biological systems to explore disease is at the forefront of applied scientific research.This textbook covers key breakthroughs in biophysics whilst looking ahead to future horizons and directions of research. It contains models based on both classical and quantum mechanical treatments of biological systems. It explores diseases related to physical alterations in biomolecular structures and organizations alongside drug discovery strategies. It also discusses the cutting- edge applications of nanotechnologies in manipulating nanoprocesses in biological systems.Key Features:• Presents an accessible introduction to how physics principles and techniques can be used tounderstand biological and biochemical systems.• Addresses natural processes, mutations, and their purposeful manipulation.• Lays the groundwork for vitally important natural scientific, technological, and medical advances.

The book titled Biogenic Nanomaterial for Health and Environment covers the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials synthesized using living organisms, like bacteria, algae, fungi, plants, and biomolecules derived from them. This book is intended to meet the needs of undergraduate and graduate-level students of chemistry, biology, nanotechnology, and chemical engineering disciplines. The book will also serve as a useful reference work for researchers working in the fields of nanochemistry, material science, biology, and industrial chemistry.FEATURES A systematic overview of the biogenic synthesis nanomaterial. Recent research results and pointers to the advancement in the field. Discussion of putative applications of biogenic nanomaterials in health and the environment, with a main emphasis on biocidal activity, disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and sensing and remediation of pollutants from the environment. This book is compiled in such a way that it aids in understanding the underpinning concepts of the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles. The biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles delivers more important and effective prospects for nanotechnology researchers. The biomass derived from various organisms acts as a template for the synthesis of nanoparticles with desired structural and featural aspects. The rewards of employing biomass and molecules derived from organism of choice in the synthesis process of nanoparticles are able to enhance the electrochemical consistency, control particle size, reduce toxicity, and escalate reactivity in an eco-friendly way. This book will provide the latest insights into the synthesis of nanomaterials employing biomass, cell extract, or as a whole, of various organisms and their roles in the health and remediation of the environment.

Welcome to the definitive guide Compendium of Clove: Navigating Agriculture, Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits, where centuries of tradition meet cutting-edge research on clove. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) has a rich history dating back millennia, revered for its aromatic allure, medicinal properties, and economic significance across cultures. From the verdant plantations to the laboratory bench, each chapter in this book unfolds the intricate story of clove, bridging historical insights with contemporary studies, exploring its historical and botanical descriptions, community benefits, chemical composition, and diverse industrial applications.This A-Z compendium not only consolidates existing knowledge but also pioneers new frontiers in clove research. It offers a panoramic view that caters to botanists, pharmacognosists, phytochemists, pharmacologists, food scientists, agriculturalists, industrialists, and policymakers alike.KEY FEATURES: The book offers the origins and history of clove distribution, plant habits, and botanical descriptions. It provides insights into cultivation practices of clove, including good agricultural practices (GAP) and post-harvest management of clove. The book underlines how the biochemistry of plants, complete phytochemical screening, characterization, separation, and other factors affect the volatile oils of plants. It underlines clove's pharmacological and clinical aspects and highlights its usage in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. The book showcases market value, trade, and regulatory guidelines of clove in different countries. Whether you seek a botanical expedition or a pharmacological breakthrough, whether your interest lies in chemistry or global economics, this book embarks on a journey that celebrates clove as not just a spice but a cornerstone of interdisciplinary research and industrial enterprise. Join us as we unearth the essence of clove—a testament to nature's bounty and human ingenuity, encapsulated within the pages of this definitive document.

This book introduces the nature, causes and impact of plant diseases, describes briefly the history of plant pathology as a scientific discipline, and introduces the disease cycle as the key tool for understanding disease development and devising appropriate management strategies. The book describes the diverse organisms and agents that cause diseases—plant pathogens.Print edition not for sale in India.

With a history that likely dates back to the dawn of human civilization more than 10,000 years ago, and a record that includes the domestication and selective breeding of plants and animals, the harnessing of fermentation process for bread, cheese, and brewage production, and the development of vaccines against infectious diseases, biotechnology has acquired a molecular focus during the 20th century, particularly following the resolution of DNA double helix in 1953, and the publication of DNA cloning protocol in 1973, and transformed our concepts and practices in disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, pharmaceutical and industrial manufacturing, animal and plant industry, and food processing.While molecular biotechnology offers unlimited opportunities for improving human health and well-being, animal welfare, agricultural innovation and environmental conservation, a dearth of high quality books that have the clarity of laboratory manuals without distractive procedural details and the thoroughness of well-conversed textbooks appears to dampen the enthusiasm of aspiring students. In attempt to fill this glaring gap, Handbook of Molecular Biotechnology includes four sections, with the first three presenting in-depth coverage on DNA, RNA and protein technologies, and the fourth highlighting their utility in biotechnology. Recognizing the importance of logical reasoning and experimental verification over direct observation and simple description in biotechnological research and development, the Introduction provides pertinent discussions on key strategies (i.e., be first, be better, and be different), effective thinking (lateral, parallel, causal, reverse, and random), and experimental execution, which have proven invaluable in helping advance research projects, evaluate and prepare research reports, and enhance other scientific endeavors.Key features Presents state-of-the-art reviews on DNA, RNA and protein technologies and their biotechnological applications Discusses key strategies, effective thinking, and experimental execution for scientific research and development Fills the gap left by detailed-ridden laboratory manuals and insight-lacking standard textbooks Includes expert contributions from international scientists at the forefront of molecular biotechnology research and development Written by international scientists at the forefront of molecular biotechnology research and development, chapters in this volume cover the histories, principles, and applications of individual techniques/technologies, and constitute stand-alone, yet interlinked lectures that strive to educate as well as to entertain. Besides providing an informative textbook for tertiary students in molecular biotechnology and related fields, this volume serves as an indispensable roadmap for novice scientists in their efforts to acquire innovative skills and establish solid track records in molecular biotechnology, and offers a contemporary reference for scholars, educators, and policymakers wishing to keep in touch with recent developments in molecular biotechnology.

Through five editions, and since 1993, Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects has provided readers with information on how and why fermentation by lactic acid-producing bacteria improves the shelf life, palatability, and nutritive value of perishable foods and also how these microbes have been used as probiotics for decades. Thoroughly updated (with the current lactobacilli taxonomy) and fully revised, with a rearrangement of chapters into four sections, the Sixth Edition covers new findings on health effects, properties, production and stability of LAB as well as regulatory aspects globally. The new edition also addresses the technological use of LAB in various fermentations of food, feed, and beverage and their safety considerations. It also includes the rising concept of postbiotics and discusses new targets such as cognitive function, metabolic health, and respiratory health.Key Features: In 42 chapters, divided into 4 sections, findings are presented on health effects, properties and stability of LAB as well as production of target-specific LAB. Covers the revised ‘Lactobacillus'taxonomy Addresses novel topics such as postbiotics Presents new discoveries related to the mechanisms of actions of lactic acid bacteria Covers the benefits of LAB in fermentation of dairy, cereal, meat, vegetable and silage, including non-Western traditional fermented foods from Africa and Asia Discusses the less-known role of LAB as food spoilers Reports on the health benefits of LAB on humans and animals Covers the global regulatory framework related to safety and efficacy

Medicinal herbs and trees are some of the most trusted sources of traditional cures for most common diseases, even in the present day. The onset of COVID- 19 has increased the popularity of medicinal and herbal plants as well as their products over modern medicines in several instances. There is a considerable gap between demand and supply as most of these plants are not conventionally cultivated and are collected from forests. Most of the knowledge of the identification and utilization of medicinal and herbal plants is orally passed on from one generation to another and only occasionally documented.Propagation to Pharmacopeia: Modern Approaches in Medicinal Plants explores various aspects of medicinal and herbal plants, including cultivation, biotechnological aspects, diversity, bioprospecting, sustainable utilization of medicinal plants, extension, ethnobotany/ modern and traditional uses, and conservation of medicinal plants. This book will serve the purpose of providing scientific information about medicinal plants and herbal plants, their uses, biotechnological aspects, chemical profiling, and conservation.Features: A systematic overview of trees and herbs with medicinal importance Outline of medicinal plants, formulations, and herbal medicines effective to treat SARS-CoV-2 Strategies for ameliorated production, extraction, and quantification of plant secondary metabolites Approaches for propagation, genetic transformation, and conservation of medicinal plant germplasms This book serves as a resource of helpful information for academicians, biotechnologists, foresters, agriculture practitioners, researchers, as well as those in industries manufacturing herbal drugs, nutraceuticals, and supplementary products. From this book, readers will gain extensive knowledge of widely used medicinal and herbal plants and a perspective on how they can be cultivated, commercialized, and sustainably utilized for the benefit of human health.

Malaria continues to affect a large population of the world, especially in third world countries. The spread of drug-resistant parasites demonstrates the need for antimalarial agents with various modes of action. The search for remedies derived from medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria is reliant on accurate ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information obtained from traditional medical practitioners. Antimalarial Medicinal Plants provides information on bioactive compounds and therapeutic potentials of several antimalarial plant species found around the globe. This book evaluates these plant species with respect to their biology, diversity, distribution, and pharmacological values.A volume in the Exploring Medicinal Plants series, this book highlights trends, technologies, processes, and services important to and necessary for efficient production, use, and understanding of medicinal qualities of antimalarial plants. It critically examines claims made by traditional medical practitioners with scientific validations for safe herbal drug formulation. It is a reference work for researchers of herbal medicine, traditional healers, pharmacists, and students associated with plant sciences and economic botany.

Despite being the biggest group of organisms inhabiting Earth in both diversity and sheer numbers, insects are barely commercialized. Most of the standard textbooks of applied entomology talk about insect pest management, and when it comes to commercial aspects of insects, only apiculture, sericulture, and lac culture are talked about. This book will help bring other commercial uses of insects and their economic potential to the fore. This will generate interest in further research on the commercial potential of insects, thereby harnessing a much-found resource.The book has the following salient features:1. Encompasses all major aspects of beneficial and commercial insects.2. Deals with edible insects and mass culture of natural enemies and beneficial insects.3. Emphasis on the mass cultivation of beneficial insects for obtaining yields.4. Discusses stingless bees and their products. 5. Helps to solve the problem of food scarcity and improve food security.

This book addresses the timely subject of systems applications in astrobiology. It demonstrates how astrobiology – a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary field of science – can benefit from adopting the systems approach.Astrobiology draws upon its founding sciences, such as astronomy, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, geology, and planetary sciences. However, astrobiologists can encounter difficulties working across these fields. The systems approach, we believe, is the best contemporary approach to consider astrobiology holistically. The approach is currently used in other fields, such as engineering, which uses systems analysis routinely.Such an approach needs to be learned, both in principle and through examples, from the field. This book features chapters from experts across the field of astrobiology who have applied the systems approach. It will be a valuable guide for astrobiology students at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, in addition to researchers in the field, both in academia and the space industry.Key Features: Offers a unique and novel approach to studying and understanding astrobiology Encourages astrobiologists to apply a holistic systems approach to their work, rather than being bogged down in details Imparts practical knowledge to readers which can be adopted in different research and job opportunities in the field of astrobiology

CRISPR genome-editing technology presents opportunities to engineer disease resistance traits in plants and improve crop quality. Engineering Disease Resistance in Plants using CRISPR-Cas introduces readers to the basics of CRISPR-Cas and discusses its potential uses in various fields. The book focuses on methods of developing disease-resistant crops using CRISPR-Cas–mediated plant disease resistance modification.Comprehensively written, the author details all types and variants of the CRISPR toolkit. The book opens with information on the evolution of the CRISPR technology and follows a chronology of its development. Although the book concentrates on the use of CRISPR-Cas for disease resistance in plants, it also covers the technology's broader potential examining the history and development of other genome-editing tools. Key Features: Investigates the regulatory, ethical, and societal considerations while designing experiments. Discusses topics on disease development, control, and plant defense mechanisms. Examines genome-editing tools including Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs). Examines production technology to reduce bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. Provides information for users to discover ways to overcome the challenges associated with food security. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and undergraduate and graduate students who wish to gain a comprehensive understanding of genome-editing methods.

Few, if any, genes have had the same level of impact on the field of evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo) as the Hox genes. These genes are renowned for their roles in patterning the body plans and development of the animal kingdom. This is complemented by the distinctive organisation of these genes in the genome, with them frequently being found as clusters in which gene position is linked to when and where the individual genes are expressed, particularly during embryogenesis. This book provides the latest overviews of Hox gene organisation and function for major clades of animals from across the animal kingdom. With the rapidly increasing availability of high-quality whole genome sequences from an ever-expanding range of species, it is becoming increasingly evident that there is great diversity in the organisation of Hox genes. These great strides in genome sequencing are wedded to important developments in our ability to detect expression and disrupt gene function in species that are not traditionally genetically-amenable animals. These technical developments are integrated with wide taxon-sampling in this volume to provide new perspectives on the roles of Hox genes in understanding fundamental issues such as embryo patterning, mechanisms of gene regulation, homology, evolvability, evolutionary novelties, phylogeny, the role of gene and genome duplications in evolution, and ancestral states for major clades of animals.Key features Integrative overviews from major animal groups including, arthropods, vertebrates, echinoderms, mollusks and other spiralians. Perspectives gleaned from the latest genome sequence and gene expression data. Individual chapters written by world-leading experts in Hox genes and evo-devo in each animal group. Related TitlesScholtz, G., ed. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Crustacea (ISBN 978-9-0580-9637-1)Mattick, J. & P. Amaral. RNA, The Epicenter of Genetic Information (ISBN 978-0-3675-6778-1)Bard, J. Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity (ISBN 978-0-3673-5701-6)

This textbook provides an accessible introduction to physics for undergraduate students in the life sciences, including those majoring in all branches of biology, biochemistry, and psychology and students working on pre-professional programs such as pre-medical, pre-dental, and physical therapy. The text is geared for the algebra-based physics course, often named College Physics in the United States. The order of topics studied are such that most of the problems in the text can be solved with the methods of Statics or Dynamics. That is, they require a free body diagram, the application of Newton's Laws, and any necessary kinematics. Constructing the text with a standardized problem-solving methodology, simplifies this aspect of the course and allows students to focus on the application of physics to the study of biological systems. Along the way, students apply these techniques to find the tension in a tendon, the sedimentation rate of red blood cells in haemoglobin, the torques and forces on a bacterium employing a flagellum to propel itself through a viscous fluid, and the terminal velocity of a protein moving in a Gel Electrophoresis device. This is part one of a two-volume set; volume 2 introduces students to the conserved-quantities and applies these problem-solving techniques to topics in Thermodynamics, Electrical Circuits, Optics, and Atomic and Nuclear Physics always with continued focus on biological applications.Key Features: Organised and centred around analysis techniques, not traditional Mechanics and E&M. Presents a unified approach, in a different order, meaning that the same laboratories, equipment, and demonstrations can be used when teaching the course. Demonstrates to students that the analysis and concepts they are learning are critical to the understanding of biological systems.

This book discusses the biology, breeding, care, and management of camels, with a focus on camels from Pakistan. The book provides a sound understanding of how to look after camels, their senses, behavior, and adaptations. The chapters describe the practical aspects of camel husbandry such as how to maintain their body condition, feet, and cleanliness. It covers the types of feeds, feeding methods, and their needs at different stages of life. The book provides a detailed account of camel husbandry, breeding, and reproduction. It is meant for camel breeders, veterinarians, livestock advisers, students, and researchers working on animal sciences, camel rearing, feeding, and management.FEATURES Includes information about different species of camels present in Pakistan and their importance to humans Discusses the nutrition and feeding of camels, the medicinal qualities of camel milk, and the peculiar immunity-enhancing properties of their nutritious meat Describes the features of camels that help them survive and thrive in deserts and make them the animals of the future Covers the range of unique products obtained from camels and their economic value Explores the management, types of diseases in camels, causes of their spread, their control, and therapeutic measures for successful and productive farming

This valuable reference book covers the application of marine resources like algae, fishes, and shrimp to address food challenges of the world. It compiles technological advancements in employing these resources for food and food supplements to enhance human health. The book includes chapters from international experts. The book discusses interesting topics like exploitation of marine wastes as nutraceuticals, cultivation, processing, and production of seafood and includes a section on other applications of marine organisms, such as the removal of pollutants from wastewater. This book is meant for graduate students and researchers in food science. It is also useful to experts in the food industry.

Biological nomenclature is an essential tool for storing and retrieving biological information. Yet traditional nomenclature poorly reflects evolutionary theory. Current biological nomenclature is one of the few fields promoting deliberately vague usage of technical terms. A new code based on evolutionary studies and phylogenetic results (the PhyloCode) will be a major milestone in biological nomenclature. Unfortunately, The PhyloCode and the companion volume are highly technical publications intended for practicing systematists. This book will reach a broader readership of those using nomenclature but who remain unaware of its theoretical foundations.Key Features Responds to the biodiversity crisis and the recent implementation of the PhyloCode Summarizes the spectacular progress of phylogenetics which makes it both increasingly easy and crucially important to define precisely taxon names Provides a 300-year historical perspective featuring high-profile characters, such as Linnaeus and Darwin Summarizes for a broad readership a widely scattered, highly technical and underappreciated scientific literature Documents the activities of the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature, a scholarly society in which the author has played a prominent role

This textbook provides an accessible introduction to physics for undergraduate students in the life sciences, including those majoring in all branches of biology, biochemistry, and psychology and students working on pre-professional programs such as pre-medical, pre-dental, and physical therapy. The text is geared for the algebra-based physics course, often named College Physics in the United States.The order of topics studied in this volume requires students to first understand a concept, such as the conservation of energy, momentum, voltage, or current, the change in a quantity such as entropy, or the rules of ray and wave optics. Then, students apply these concepts to solve problems in the areas of thermodynamics, electrical circuit, optics, and atomic and nuclear physics.Throughout the text these quantity-based applications are used to understand systems that are critical to the understanding of biological systems, such as the entropy of evolution, the signal down the axon of a nerve cell, the optics of the eye, and the operation of a laser.This is part 2 of a two-volume set; volume 1 introduced students to the methods of mechanics and applied these problem-solving techniques to explicitly biological topics such as the sedimentation rate of red blood cells in haemoglobin, the torques and forces on a bacterium employing a flagellum to propel itself through a viscous fluid, and the terminal velocity of a protein moving in a gel electrophoresis device.Key features: Organized and centered around analysis techniques, not traditional mechanics and E&M Presents a unified approach, in a different order, meaning that the same laboratories, equipment, and demonstrations can be used when teaching the course Demonstrates to students that the analysis and concepts they are learning are critical to the understanding of biological systems

Women are contributing to disciplines once the sole domain of men. Field biology has been no different. The history of women field biologists, embedded in a history largely made and recorded by men, has never been written. Compilations of biographies have been assembled, but the narrative—their story—has never been told. In part, this is because many expressed their passion for nature as writers, artists, collectors, and educators during eras when women were excluded from the male-centric world of natural history and science. The history of women field biologists is intertwined with men's changing views of female intellect and with increasing educational opportunities available to women. Given the preponderance of today's professional female ecologists, animal behaviorists, systematists, conservation biologists, wildlife biologists, restoration ecologists, and natural historians, it is time to tell this story—the challenges and hardships they faced and still face, and the prominent role they have played and increasingly play in understanding our natural world.For a broader perspective, we profile selected European women field biologists, but our primary focus is the journey of women field biologists in North America. Each woman highlighted here followed a unique path. For some, personal wealth facilitated their work; some worked alongside their husbands. Many served as invisible assistants to men, receiving little or no recognition. Others were mavericks who carried out pioneering studies and whose published works are still read and valued today. All served as inspiration and proved to the women who would follow that women are as capable as men at studying nature in nature. Their legacy lives on today. The 75 female field biologists interviewed for this book are further testament that women have the intellect, stamina, and passion for fieldwork.

Some animals and plants injure or kill millions of people annually, others cause trillions of dollars in property damage and loss. Such harmful species are understandably hated. However, the vast majority of the planet's millions of species are disliked simply because of how they look and act. This bias is endangering numerous species that play important roles in maintaining both the natural ecosystems and the human economies of the world. In Defense of the World's Most Despised Species examines the psychological motivations that lead people to make judgments about the attractiveness of species, noting the overwhelming importance of visual cues. It describes in considerable detail the physical and behavioral traits of species that lead us to love or hate them. Full color illustrations throughout present beautiful, charming animals and plants, species that seem loathsome, behavior of people in relation to such divergent species and their characteristics, and numerous explanatory diagrams of relevant biological and psychological phenomena. The aim of this book is to give readers insights into how we humans arrive at biased judgments and to promote the welfare of valuable, albeit sometimes unlovable animals and plants that consequently suffer from discrimination. Many of the ugliest, most disgusting, and feared species, such as vultures, toads, hyenas, sharks, spiders, and even the vast majority of cockroaches, in reality are some of our most valuable friends.Features Theme of the book – human preferences for and against species – is novel, scarcely examined to date Multidisciplinary analysis, especially psychology, biological conservation science, and ecology, as well as philosophy, agriculture, urban planning, human health, and law Text is accessible, user-friendly, concise, and well-organized, making numerous complex topics comprehensible, readable not only by specialists, but also by students and the educated layperson Includes over 2,000 high-quality, entertaining, and informative color figures

Next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing has revolutionized biology and medicine. With sequencing costs continuously dropping and our ability to generate large datasets rising, data analysis becomes more important than ever. Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis walks readers through next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis step by step for a wide range of NGS applications. For each NGS application, this book covers topics from experimental design, sample processing, sequencing strategy formulation, to sequencing read quality control, data preprocessing, read mapping or assembly, and more advanced stages that are specific to each application. Major applications include: RNA-seq: Both bulk and single cell (separate chapters) Genotyping and variant discovery through whole genome/exome sequencing Clinical sequencing and detection of actionable variants De novo genome assembly ChIP-seq to map protein-DNA interactions Epigenomics through DNA methylation sequencing Metagenome sequencing for microbiome analysis Before detailing the analytic steps for each of these applications, the book presents introductory cellular and molecular biology as a refresher mostly for data scientists, the ins and outs of widely used NGS platforms, and an overview of computing needs for NGS data management and analysis. The book concludes with a chapter on the changing landscape of NGS technologies and data analytics. The second edition of this book builds on the well-received first edition by providing updates to each chapter. Two brand new chapters have been added to meet rising data analysis demands on single-cell RNA-seq and clinical sequencing. The increasing use of long-read sequencing has also been reflected in all NGS applications. This book discusses concepts and principles that underlie each analytic step, along with software tools for implementation. It highlights key features of the tools while omitting tedious details to provide an easy-to-follow guide for practitioners in life sciences, bioinformatics, biostatistics, and data science. Tools introduced in this book are open source and freely available.

Black-tailed and mule deer represent one of the largest distributions of mammals in North America and are symbols of the wide-open American West. Each chapter in this book was authored by the world's leading experts on that topic. Both editors, James R. Heffelfinger and Paul R. Krausman, are widely published in the popular and scientific press and recipients of the O. C. Wallmo Award, given every two years to a leading black-tailed and mule deer expert who has made significant contributions to the conservation of this species. In addition, Heffelfinger has chaired the Mule Deer Working Group sponsored by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies for more than 15 years. This working group consists of the leading black-tailed and mule deer experts from each of 24 states, provinces, and territories in western North America, putting them at the forefront of all conservation and much of the research on this species.The book represents all current knowledge available on these deer, including how changing conditions such as fires, habitat alteration and loss, disease, climate change, socio-economic forces, energy development, and other aspects are influencing their distribution and abundance now and into the future. It takes a completely fresh look at all chapter topics. The revisions of distribution, taxonomy, evolution, behavior, and new and exciting work being done in deer nutrition, migration and movements, diseases, predation, and human dimensions are all assembled in this volume. This book will instantly become the foundation for the latest information and management strategies to be implemented on the ground by practitioners and to inform the public. Although this book is about deer, the topics discussed influence most terrestrial wildlife worldwide, and the basic concepts in many of the chapters are applicable to other species.

'Zoo animals'as a population are a diverse array of species from all around the globe. When managed in captivity, it is important that key aspects of natural ecology are factored into animal care, as well as considerations relating to welfare, life history and behavioural needs. The Behavioural Biology of Zoo Animals is the first book on captive animal behaviour and how this applies to welfare.The book enables all aspects of zoo husbandry and management (nutrition, enclosure design, handling and training, enrichment, population management) to be based on a sound knowledge of the species, its evolutionary history and its natural history. Chapters from expert authors cover a vast range of taxa, from primates and elephants to marine mammals and freshwater fish, to reptiles, birds and invertebrates. A final part looks to the future, considering animal health and wellbeing, the visitor experience and future visions for zoos and aquariums.For on-the-ground practitioners as well as students of zoo biology, animal science and welfare, this book provides an explanation of key areas of behavioural biology that are important to fulfilling the aims of the modern zoo (conservation, education, research and recreation). It explains how evidence from the wild can be implemented into captive care to support the wider aims of the zoo, shedding light on the evidence-based approaches applied to zoo biology and animal management.Chapter 3 is available to download Open Access on the www.taylorfrancis.com website under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.Aa Companion Website with additional resources is freely available for all at www.bbzabook.wordpress.com and you can follow the book on Instagram at @bbza_book.

This text emphasizes the importance of artificial intelligence techniques in the field of biological computation. It also discusses fundamental principles that can be applied beyond bio-inspired computing.It comprehensively covers important topics including data integration, data mining, machine learning, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, evolved neural networks, nature-inspired algorithms, and protein structure alignment. The text covers the application of evolutionary computations for fractal visualization of sequence data, artificial intelligence, and automatic image interpretation in modern biological systems.The text is primarily written for graduate students and academic researchers in areas of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, computer engineering, and computational biology.This book:• Covers algorithms in the fields of artificial intelligence, and machine learning useful in biological data analysis.• Discusses comprehensively artificial intelligence and automatic image interpretation in modern biological systems.• Presents the application of evolutionary computations for fractal visualization of sequence data.• Explores the use of genetic algorithms for pair-wise and multiple sequence alignments.• Examines the roles of efficient computational techniques in biology.

The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate history. This book documents the many advances, as well as the prejudices and founder fallacies. It highlights the premature relegation of RNA to simply an intermediate between gene and protein, the underestimation of the amount of information required to program the development of multicellular organisms, and the dawning realization that RNA is the cornerstone of cell biology, development, brain function and probably evolution itself. Key personalities, their hubris as well as prescient predictions are richly illustrated with quotes, archival material, photographs, diagrams and references to bring the people, ideas and discoveries to life, from the conceptual cradles of molecular biology to the current revolution in the understanding of genetic information.Key Features Documents the confused early history of DNA, RNA and proteins - a transformative history of molecular biology like no other. Integrates the influences of biochemistry and genetics on the landscape of molecular biology. Chronicles the important discoveries, preconceptions and misconceptions that retarded or misdirected progress. Highlights major pioneers and contributors to molecular biology, with a focus on RNA and noncoding DNA. Summarizes the mounting evidence for the central roles of non-protein-coding RNA in cell and developmental biology. Provides a thought-provoking retrospective and forward-looking perspective for advanced students and professional researchers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Biology Trending is a truly innovative introductory biology text. Designed to combine the teaching of biological concepts within the context of current societal issues, Biology Trending encourages introductory biology students to think critically about the role that science plays in their world. This book features many current and relevant topics, including sea-level changes and ocean acidification; CRISPR/Cas9, opioid abuse, Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19; threats to biodiversity, and cancer immunotherapies. It is accompanied by digital Instructor and Student Resources to support teaching and learning.Key Features Adopts an'issues approach'to teaching introductory biology Up-to-date sections throughout, including climate change, CRISPR, new hominids, COVID-19, and new cancer therapies, among many others Suitable for both major and nonmajor courses More succinct for ease in teaching and more affordable for students High-quality illustrations help to elucidate key concepts This book is extended and enhanced through a range of digital resources that include: Long-form and open-response self-testing resources to test understanding and apply knowledge Visual simulations to demonstrate evolutionary processes Web links and bibliographic resources to expand knowledge Time-saving instructor resources such as PowerPoint slides, activity and assignment ideas, and comprehensive lesson plans Related TitlesBard, J. Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity (ISBN 9780367357016).Prothero, D. Vertebrate Evolution: From Origins to Dinosaurs and Beyond (ISBN 9780367473167)Johnson, N. A. Darwin's Reach: 21st Century Applications of Evolutionary Biology (ISBN 9781138587397)

This book is a guide specifically for Early Career Researchers on how to publish in the Biological Sciences, whether that be your first manuscript or if you're already experienced – there's something for everyone.Following on from How to Write a PhD in Biological Sciences: A Guide for the Uninitiated, it will guide you through taking your manuscript to publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminating your research more broadly. It talks you through the peer-review process, including how to respond to reviewers'comments, the meaning and importance of Impact Factors and how to get citations. It also explores the challenges in the academic community around Open Access and other debates, including transparency, overlay journals, paywalls, publication bias, predatory journals and the dangers of bullying.Whether you are a student just completing your studies, or a supervisor struggling with rejections, this book will provide the insider information you need to get ahead.

This book is a'Big History'of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet. The first'Big History'written from the perspective of a biologist Summarizes multiple perspectives of history Documents the unique conditions for the emergence of life Speculates on the future Chapter 12 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com

The advanced AI techniques are essential for resolving various problematic aspects emerging in the field of bioinformatics. This book covers the recent approaches in artificial intelligence and machine learning methods and their applications in Genome and Gene editing, cancer drug discovery classification, and the protein folding algorithms among others. Deep learning, which is widely used in image processing, is also applicable in bioinformatics as one of the most popular artificial intelligence approaches. The wide range of applications discussed in this book are an indispensable resource for computer scientists, engineers, biologists, mathematicians, physicians, and medical informaticists.Features: Focusses on the cross-disciplinary relation between computer science and biology and the role of machine learning methods in resolving complex problems in bioinformatics Provides a comprehensive and balanced blend of topics and applications using various advanced algorithms Presents cutting-edge research methodologies in the area of AI methods when applied to bioinformatics and innovative solutions Discusses the AI/ML techniques, their use, and their potential for use in common and future bioinformatics applications Includes recent achievements in AI and bioinformatics contributed by a global team of researchers

As the most important liquid in our life and one of the most abundant molecules in the universe, water is the least understood substance with a very rich phase diagram (at least 18 crystalline forms and two liquids) and more that 60 dynamical/thermodynamic anomalies whose origins are still under debate. Properties of Water from Numerical and Experimental Perspectives gathers together leading scientists and experts in the field of water. By merging the theoretical/computational point of view with experimental approaches, it presents a state-of-the-art description of the properties of water, enlightening the source of the anomalies of water and describing how such anomalies actively affect the functioning of biological substances.

Advances in high-throughput biological methods have led to the publication of a large number of genome-wide studies in human and animal models. In this context, recent tools from bioinformatics and computational biology have been fundamental for the analysis of these genomic studies. The book Bioinformatics and Human Genomics Research provides updated and comprehensive information about multiple approaches of the application of bioinformatic tools to research in human genomics. It covers strategies analysis of genome-wide association studies, genome-wideexpression studies and genome-wide DNA methylation, among other topics. It provides interesting strategies for data mining in human genomics, network analysis, prediction of binding sites for miRNAs and transcription factors, among other themes. Experts from all around the world in bioinformatics and human genomics have contributed chapters in this book. Readers will find this book as quite useful for their in silico explorations, which would contribute to a better and deeper understanding of multiple biological processes and of pathophysiology of many human diseases.

You don't have to be a genius to write a PhD. Of course, it will always involve a lot of hard work and dedication, but the process of writing is a whole lot easier if you understand the basic ground rules.This book is a guide through the dos and don'ts of writing a PhD. It will be your companion from the point when you decide to do a PhD, providing practical guidance to getting started, all the way through the nuts and bolts of the writing and editing process. It will also help you to get - and stay - in the right mental framework and establish good habits from the beginning, putting you in a commanding position later on. Examples are tailored to the biological sciences, offering a unique reference for PhD students in these disciplines.Embarking on a PhD doesn't need to be daunting, even if it's your first experience working within academia. Each short section focuses on writing - considered by many to be the most difficult aspect of a PhD - and delves into a practical detail of one aspect, from the title to the supplementary material. Whether you're a student just starting your studies, an early career researcher or a supervisor struggling to cope, the book provides the insider information you need to get ahead.

The book provides theoretical and practical knowledge about swarm intelligence and evolutionary computation. It describes the emerging trends in deep learning that involve the integration of swarm intelligence and evolutionary computation with deep learning, i.e., deep neuroevolution and deep swarms. The study reviews the research on network structures and hyperparameters in deep learning, and attracting attention as a new trend in AI. A part of the coverage of the book is based on the results of practical examples as well as various real-world applications. The future of AI, based on the ideas of swarm intelligence and evolution is also covered.The book is an introductory work for researchers. Approaches to the realization of AI and the emergence of intelligence are explained, with emphasis on evolution and learning. It is designed for beginners who do not have any knowledge of algorithms or biology, and explains the basics of neural networks and deep learning in an easy-to-understand manner. As a practical exercise in neuroevolution, the book shows how to learn to drive a racing car and a helicopter using MindRender. MindRender is an AI educational software that allows the readers to create and play with VR programs, and provides a variety of examples so that the readers will be able to create and understand AI.