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There is a growing body of experimental and clinical data to suggest that the organs of the digestive system may be subjected to considerable oxidative stress associated with acute and chronic inflammation. Although inflammation and ischemia play a key role in producing oxygen-derived free radicals in the digestive tract, the contribution of other factors, such as transition metal imbalances, lipid and glucose metabolic disturbance, and the interaction with gaseous molecules including nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, has also been suggested. Recent studies have demonstrated that several biomarkers indicating oxidative stress-mediated damage may help in monitoring the degree of disease and planning the design of new therapeutic strategies. In addition, recent advances in ‘omics'research (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) may bring a breakthrough in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology: Several molecular targets for oxidative stress have been presented by the ‘omics'. This book includes up-to-date reviews on the relevant issues in free radical biology in a combination with expert basic research reviews and clinical aspects in gastroenterology and hepatology. Providing information about new molecular targets for the treatment or prevention of digestive diseases, this book should be read by clinical and basic researchers in gastroenterology and hepatology.

This book provides a comprehensive description of sterols and their novel biological roles in mammalian signaling, the book covers their biosynthesis and structure, describes sterol receptor -mediated actions, their tissue distribution and their role in disease. It offers insight into new research findings, focusing specifically on novel discoveries in bile acid and oxysterol signaling, including the lanosterol-to-cholesterol intermediates. Special attention is paid on the sex distribution of these sterols (male or female) and their sexually dimorphic roles in mammalian species, such as human, rat and mouse. Since sterols and drugs (xenobiotics) use many identical receptor-mediated signaling pathways, the book will be interesting for researchers working on the cross-road of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, it is intended for advanced students and scientists in molecular biology and biochemistry as well as for medical doctors in hepatology.

Liver Pathophysiology: Therapies and Antioxidants is a complete volume on morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and treatment of liver diseases. It uses an integral approach towards the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury, and how their deleterious effects may be abrogated by the use of antioxidants. Written by the most prominent authors in the field, this book will be of use to basic and clinical scientists and clinicians working in the biological sciences, especially those dedicated to the study and treatment of liver pathologies. - Presents the most recent advances in hepatology, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress in liver injury. - Provides in vivo and in vitro models to study human liver pathology. - Explains the beneficial effects of antioxidants on liver diseases. - Contains the most recent and modern treatments of hepatic pathologies, including, but not limited to, stem cells repopulation, gene therapy and liver transplantation.

This book covers the principal reports and discussions which have been presented during the'Symposium on Anaerobic Metabolism and Lactic Acid'which was held in Anzere (Wallis, Switzerland) from 19th till 20th January 1978 under the patronage of the European Society of Cardiology. ~s Dr. Wilkie and Hermansen mentioned in their paper, Berzelius was the first one who recognized in 1807'the existence of free lactic acid in the muscular fluid and thought that the amount of free lactic acid in a muscle is proportional to the extent to which it has been previously exercised'. Since, many controversies have appeared, not as far as for its presence in the muscle, but as for its relations to oxygen debt or fatigue, to its physiological part, to its metabolism (oxydation or conversion to glycogen in situ), or to its pathological significance in clinical conditions. In this symposium, physiologists and biochemists tried to resolve some of the basic problems, they defined terminology and introduced new facts. Methods to determine the lactic acid or lactate have been reviewed. Lactic acid or lactate in various clinical conditions were the objectives of many collected reports in the last part of the symposium. Clinicians, who are interested in Pneumology, Diabetology, Hepatology, Angiology, Intensive Medicine or Sport Medicine, and particularly cardiologists will find precious information. The organizing committee thanks every reporter, specially the Chairmen, and everyone who took an active part in the preparation or realization of this symposium.

Case studies of 20 successful FDA-approved drugs, from biological rationale to clinical efficacy studies and state-of-the-art applications Chemistry and Pharmacology of Drug Discovery illustrates how chemistry, biology, pharmacokinetics, and a host of disciplines come together to produce successful medicines, discussing a total of 20 drugs that are all FDA-approved post 2021—some of which are first-in-class and revolutionary. The four sections in this book cover Infectious Disease, Cancer Drugs, CNS Drugs, and Miscellaneous Drugs. Each chapter covers background material on the drug class and/or disease indication and key aspects relevant to the discovery of the drug, including structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, efficacy, and safety. This book is contributed to by various veterans and well-known experts in medical chemistry, many of whom discovered the drugs they reviewed, leading to tremendous quality and depth of insight. Some of the drugs covered in Chemistry and Pharmacology of Drug Discovery include: Nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid with Ritonavir), a 3-chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor for treating SARS-CoV-2 infectionDoravirine (Pifeltro), a third-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infectionOteseconazole (Vivjoa), a CYP51 inhibitor for treating recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, and Rimegepant (Nurtec ODT), a CGRP antagonist for treating migraineCiprofol (Cipepofol), a γ-Aminobutyric acid receptor agonist for induction of anesthesia, and Ozanimod (Zeposia), an S1P receptor antagonist for treating multiple sclerosisDeucravacitinib (Sotyktu), a first-in-class deuterated TYK2 inhibitor for the treatment of plaque psoriasis Chemistry and Pharmacology of Drug Discovery serves as an excellent and highly authoritative learning resource for medicinal, organic, synthetic, and process chemists as well as research scientists in lead optimization and process development.

Quantitative tools are becoming increasingly important in order to understand complex cascade of signal transduction events, pathways or biochemical reactions. The book showcases how computational techniques and algorithms are applied to biological data analysis, interpretation, and modelling. It covers applications in drug design and discovery, immune systems, phylogenetic analysis and protein structures.

This book pinpoints one of the fastest growing, complex subjects in chemistry and medical science: the dangers of oxidative stress to human beings. It provides a solid background on the chemistry behind the generation of reactive species as well as how reactive species are involved in essential physiological processes and in almost every human disease. It also covers the most recent developments in the study of oxidative and reductive stress (redox stress), including the role of radical and reactive species, novel antioxidant therapies, and methods for assessing free radicals and redox stress. The chapters present concise, yet thorough, summaries of the state-of-the-art methods and techniques that any investigator working in the oxidative/reductive stress field needs to access. The current methodologies including the development of sensors and biosensors for the detection of ROS/RNS/RHS and of biomarkers of redox stress are thoroughly discussed. This book is a useful resource for all researchers and students interested in oxidative stress, molecular biology, and chemistry. Physicians and healthcare professionals interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the redox stress-related diseases also stand to benefit from this book.

Pathobiochemistry means biochemistry of disease. In the curriculum of medical studies it may serve as a useful and highly enjoyable “bridge” between the basic science of the first years, and the clinical training later. Practical limitations dictate that from a vast area of human pathology a careful selection of topics must be made. The eleven chapters of this book deal with the basics of acid-base balance disorders, inflammation, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense, non-enzymatic glycations, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, ischemia/reperfusion of the heart, protein misfolding disorders, ageing, and consequences of alcohol abuse. The selection covers some pathogenetic processes behind several important medical problems of the present. Further, it more or less implicitly points to the inner causes of diseases. The inner maintenance of body structural and chemical integrity is costly and has its limits that regularly get exceeded, which is the ultimate reason for ageing and contributes to many, often also age-related, civilization diseases.

Modern biology is moving away from reductionist approaches towards holistic studies that encompass whole genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes. Systems biology is an approach to studying complex biological systems by looking at many biomolecules in a comprehensive way. The aim is to gain a thorough understanding of the biological functions of different classes of molecules and their interactions. Systems Biology II is an up-to-date and comprehensive guide to the latest developments in systems biology, with a particular focus on RNA-based technologies. This book is the second volume in the RNA Technologies series dedicated to this topic. It presents cutting-edge approaches and tools for modelling and analyzing complex biological systems at different levels, from molecular interactions to cellular networks and beyond. With contributions from leading experts in the field, the book covers a wide range of topics, including gene regulatory networks, epigenetics, synthetic biology, omics data analysis, network inference, and more. It explores applications in various areas of the life sciences and biomedicine, such as vaccine development, cancer research, transplantation research and pathogenic processes. This volume is an essential resource for scientists and students working in systems biology, bioinformatics, synthetic biology, and related fields, as well as anyone interested in the latest advances in RNA technologies and their applications in biology and medicine.

The term nutraceuticals is applied to the products isolated from the herbal sources, nutrients or dietary supplements, processed foods, (cereals, soup and beverages) and specific diets, that may also used as medicine other than nutrition. It usually refers to the foods derived products which may sell in medicinal form, possessing physiological benefits to the host while promoting health and wellness and provide protection against chronic disorders. They may also increase the life expectancy, delay the aging and/or support the structure and function of the body organs. Demand for nutraceuticals with potential to prevent and treat chronic disorders has been interestingly increasing over the past few years. Based on food sources, nutraceuticals are classified into dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, polyphenols and spices. A dietary supplement is generally considered as product containing vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and medicinal plants that are indented to be used to supplement the diet or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these ingredients. Broadly, nutraceuticals are any of these ingredients or supplements using for health purposes other than nutrition. This book on the fundamentals of Nutraceuticals is organized in two parts i.e., the introductory aspects of macro- and micro-nutrients, gut microbiota regulation, nutraceuticals and drug interactions, while the second part is focusing on the biological benefits of nutraceuticals in different disease states. Besides, this book is also addressing the safety aspects of nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutic support in pregnancy. Including contributions from the experts in the field, target audience (pharmacists, nutritionists, other healthcare providers, and researchers in food and nutrition sector) will be benefited with the updated literature on nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.

This comprehensive work illuminates the molecular foundations and applications of lipases, offering an understanding of their significance in human well-being as well as diseases. Chapter one begins with the meticulous exploration of lipase biochemistry. Chapter two delivers a move beyond digestion to explore the health benefits, metabolic influences, and therapeutic potential of lipases. Chapter three addresses the global issue of obesity. Readers gain insights into the diverse applications and sustainability of lipases, breaking down triacylglycerols in various industries. Probiotic isolates are explored for their role in preventing oxidative rancidity, improving shelf life, and serving as industrial biocatalysts in diverse bioconversion reactions. In Chapter four, the authors present an eco-friendly approach to surfactant synthesis, showcasing the environmental advantages over chemical counterparts. Chapter five delves into the multifaceted roles of lipases. In the last chapter the ubiquitous nature of lipases is underscored. These enzymes, produced by all living organisms, play crucial roles in digestion, transport, and processing of dietary lipids. This chapter navigates through the ubiquity of cellular enzyme lipases in diseased conditions in human, animals and birds and its adverse impact. This book transcends the boundaries of conventional enzymatic literature. This pioneering work promises readers a holistic view of lipase biology, offering a profound understanding of their intricate mechanisms and multifaceted roles in health and disease.

Emergence of lifestyle diseases, e.g., type II diabetes, cancers, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, liver cirrhosis, etc., are exponentially increasing day by day. Modern drifts toward the utilization of herbal medicines in different healthcare aspects necessitate (demand) the replacement of synthetic molecules with phytoconstituents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, economic extraction process, and ready availability from the natural source. This book provides a thorough insight into the comprehensive and up-to-date trends of phytomedicines in the management of lifestyle diseases and its mechanisms, modern methods of extraction and purification of phytoconstituents, and chemical characterization as well as standardization of phytoconstituents using modern equipments.

ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY AND DRUG DELIVERY Improve the performance and viability of newly-developed and approved drugs with this crucial guide Bioavailability is the parameter which measures the rate and extent to which a drug reaches a user's circulatory system depending on the method of administration. For example, intravenous administration produces a bioavailability of 100%, since the drugs are injected directly into the circulatory system; in the case of oral administration, however, bioavailability can vary widely based on factors which, if not properly understood, can result in a failure in drug development, adverse effects, and other complications. The mechanics of oral bioavailability are therefore critical aspects of drug development. Oral Bioavailability and Drug Delivery provides a comprehensive coverage of this subject as well as its drug development applications. Beginning with basic terminology and fundamental concepts, it provides a thorough understanding of the challenges and barriers to oral bioavailability as well as the possibilities for improving this parameter. The resulting book is an indispensable tool for drug development research. Oral Bioavailability and Drug Delivery readers will also find: Discussion questions in many chapters to facilitate comprehension Detailed discussion of topics including dissolution, absorption, metabolism, and more Real-world examples of methods in actions throughout Oral Bioavailability and Drug Delivery is ideal for pharmaceutical and biotechnology scientists working in drug discovery and development; researchers in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, immunology, neuroscience, and other related fields; and graduate courses in drug development and delivery.

Translational Bioinformatics is an emerging field in the direction of biomedical research. High throughput technologies can be applied to the generated biological data to develop the vaccine and personalized medicine. This volume consists of the chapters from different stalwart of the field covering the topics such as drug development, vector engineering, vaccine development and translational genomics. Chapters covered in this volume discuss the translational research related with cancer, Alzheimer disease and cardiovascular diseases. This volume includes the chapter describing the importance of computational resources and chemoinformatics for the translational health research. How Omics studies are helping to translate the laboratory data into the development of tools which are beneficial in the clinics have been described. How translational bioinformatics helpful in plant genomics to improve the crops have also been included in this volume. This volume has a chapter which describes the secrets of resistance development and further how these resistance are associated with human infectious diseases. This volume will be useful to the early career researcher in the development of research idea and develop their methodologies in the direction of bioinformatics and it will also give the insight to translate their findings. - Translational Bioinformatics - Health Informatics - Multi-omics

Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics Comprehensive resource summarizing opportunities and latest progress in design methodologies for carbohydrate-based therapeutics through a disease-oriented approach Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics covers current progress and explores new frontiers in carbohydrate-based therapeutic applications, utilizing a unique approach by providing a detailed background of diseases coupled with subsequent carbohydrate-based therapies. The link between chemistry and design of novel carbohydrate-based medicines is highlighted and a broad overview of all the potential applications of carbohydrates is given. Emphasis is laid on concepts used for carbohydrate drug design, structure– activity relationship, and impact on health and diseases. The text also discusses newer topics like nanoparticles, material science, and tissue generation. Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics includes information on: Antimicrobial carbohydrate-based therapies, covering antibacterial and antiviral vaccines, antifungal therapies, anti-influenza therapeutics, and antiadhesive carbohydrates and glycomimetics Anti-cancer carbohydrate-based therapies, covering cancer vaccines and immunotherapy, and carbohydrate tools in cancer biology Carbohydrate-based therapies in metabolic, neuronal, and immune disorders, covering carbohydrate-based therapeutics for lysosomal disorders and neurodegenerative diseases New frontiers in carbohydrate-based therapies, covering carbohydrates for tissue engineering, antiangiogenic and regenerative medicine Providing comprehensive coverage of foundational knowledge on the subject in a unique and highly accessible format while also exploring the state of the art in the field's applications, Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics is an essential resource for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and organic chemists, chemists in industry, biochemists, and biotechnologists.

The second edition of this book presents the role of osmolytes in human health and diseases. Some of the chapters deal about the possibility of the use of osmolytes as diagnostic biomarkers and potential drug design for neurodegenerative and other human diseases. Other chapters also include reviews on the role of osmolytes in cancer, metastasis, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, immunological disorders, and tissue regeneration. Importantly, the book also contain recent updates on the role of naturally occurring osmolytes in protein folding pathway, protein stability, and their underlying mechanisms. The book also covers the aspects that osmolytes could promote conformational alterations of transcription factors that favor metastatic behavior. Potential of the osmolytes in the various process of vaccine development, including enhancing the efficacy, production, and purification steps are also succintly described. Towards the end, the book also elucidates the use of specific molecules for the prevention of toxic gain of functions and restoration of function to disease-causing mutant protein. This book is an invaluable asset for the researchers especially working in osmolyte biology and scientists involved in basic and clinical research particularly neurodegeneration, diabetes, cancer, and metabolic disorders.

Mononuclear Non-heme Iron Dependent Enzymes, Volume 704, Part B focuses on methods for studying, characterizing, and leveraging the chemistry of mononuclear non-heme iron dependent enzymes. Chapters in this new release include Observing extradiol dioxygenases in action through a crystalline lens, Methods used to determine the structure of the oxygenase component of naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase, Expression, purification, kinetics, and crystallization of non-heme mononuclear iron enzymes: biphenyl, phthalate, terephthalate dioxygenase, Substitution of the Mononuclear, Non-heme Iron Cofactor in Lipoxygenases for Structural Studies: Non-heme iron enzyme dependent reactions, and much more.Other sections cover Cyclopropanation and aziridination catalyzed by non-heme iron and 2-oxogluatarate dependent enzymes, Expression, purification, and characterization of non-heme Iron-dependent mono-oxygenase OzmD in Oxazinomycin Biosynthesis, Isonitrile Biosynthesis by a Non-Heme Iron(II)-Dependent Oxidases/Decarboxylase, Functional analysis of an a-ketoglutarate-dependent non-heme iron oxygenase in fungal meroterpenoid biosynthesis, Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of a Bifunctional Iron- and 2-oxoglutarate Dependent Enzyme, AsqJ, and much more. - Provides detailed articles regarding how to study the structures and mechanisms of mononuclear non-heme iron dependent enzymes - Guides readers on how to use partner proteins in non-heme iron enzyme catalysis - Includes strategies to employ mononuclear non-heme iron enzymes in biocatalytic applications

This book integrates the research progress of Tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites in animal nutrition and human health. It recapitulates the effects of Trp nutrition on the regulation of various physiological functions in farmed animals as well as the clinical connections between Trp metabolism and human diseases. Furthermore, this book includes detailed information about the manufacturing process of industrial Trp production and methodologies to study Trp metabolism. This book not only brings numerous benefits to academic communities worldwide but also provides practical values for industrial professionals/companies. Both of these two aspects will expand our understanding of how amino acid metabolism contributes to the maintenance of host health.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of genomics and its diverse applications. Chapters cover genomics data generation methods, computational tools, gene annotation, transcriptomics, DNA barcoding, next-generation sequencing, functional genomics, metagenomics, synthetic genomics, microarray analysis, nutrigenomics, genome editing, and more. This book offers a valuable source of information for not only beginners in genomics, but also for students, researchers, scientists, clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders who are interested in harnessing the potential of genomics in many areas.

The concept of “vital amines” as essential nutrients was introduced over a century ago by Dr Casimir Funk. It was suggested that there is a family of organic substances that are required in minute amounts and essential for life. The increase in incorporation of vitamins and supplementation in routine dietary practices is expected to increase. In fact, it has been estimated that 60% of worldwide consumers are taking vitamin supplements on a daily basis, a trend that will most likely rise across the world.This book brings together international experts in the field of vitamins for human health and disease, to update and integrate current understanding on the effects of different lipophilic vitamins on cellular, metabolic and molecular biochemical reactions with respect to different pathophysiological conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic defects, inflammatory and immune diseases. This book is uniquely positioned as it focuses on the biochemistry and molecular biology of lipophilic vitamins in diverse cell systems in relation to human health and disease.The book will certainly stimulate and motivate biomedical researchers and scientists to further explore the relationship between lipophilic vitamins and biological processes, as well as serve as a highly useful resource for nutritional investigators, health professionals, medical students, fellows, residents and graduate students. We hope that the reader will gain knowledge and further understanding of the importance of lipophilic vitamins. The novel insights provided by the contributing authors will assist in advancing preventive medicine worldwide as well as bring forward knowledge that may help in the use of lipophilic vitamins as adjuvant to therapeutic strategies for human disease.

This book overviews honey and herbs that profoundly affect human metabolism when mixed in a balanced ratio. It covers various aspects of honey added to herbs and provides collective information and practical approaches regarding herbal honey and its applications as functional food and medicine. Honey has miraculous properties like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, free radical scavenging, and anti-carcinogenic, so honey has tremendous therapeutic importance. Infusion of extract from various medicinal herbs in honey further modulates its therapeutic potential. This book provides all the information about the essentials of herbs-infused honey and its efficiency in fighting against pathogenic bacteria. It presents the significance and benefits of honey infused with herbs that may promote/boost immunity to fight contagious or non-contagious diseases. Not only does this book explain the comprehensive knowledge of herbal honey and its medicinal properties based on current researched evidence, but it also explores the contribution of herbal honey in the food science and medicine industry as a significant part of nutraceuticals and functional food research. By providing knowledge about the formulation of traditionally used herbs in combination with honey, scientific knowledge can be supplied and made available to the common public which shall probably be a real contribution to society.

Zinc: Early Development, Applications, and Emerging Trends is a comprehensive book covering various aspects of the metallic element zinc that has a significant role in the growth and survival of humans. The United Nations Organization has aptly declared it as a ‘Life-Saving Material'since it helps in overcoming infections and strengthening the immune system. Zinc is an essential element next to iron, aluminum, and copper with abundant presence in nature, and is worth billions of dollars commercially. Besides the metal, its compounds and nanoparticles have also become attractive to researchers due to their enormous applications. The industrial and agricultural uses of the metal and its compounds are widespread.An exclusive book covering all important aspects of zinc is yet to hit the market. This book, with contributions from experts in geology, chemistry, medicine (including dentistry and traditional systems), agriculture, veterinary science, biology, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology encompassing the latest developments in their fields related to zinc, fills this void. The uniqueness of the book is its interdisciplinary nature and potential use by researchers, students, and teachers of various specialties.Features: Contributes to a better understanding of the complexities of zinc's role in various branches of science Contains basic and practical information for a wider audience and researchers of different fields besides those interested in zinc Provides detailed information on the usefulness of zinc in prophylaxis and treatment of diseases in modern medicine, dentistry, and traditional systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, as well as veterinary medicine Highlights zinc's role in agriculture and food science with various crops and nutritive materials Includes chapters on fast-growing areas – nanotechnology and bioinformatics

Current Topics in Membranes, Volume 93 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Receptor-mediated endocytosis in kidney cells during physiological and pathological conditions, Membrane transport and endocytosis in malaria parasites, Impact of Coat Protein on Evolution of Ilarviruses, and Membrane Contact Sites. - Provides the latest information on current topics in membranes - Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of membrane research topics - Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Hormones, Volume 142, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Estrogen receptor binding mechanism with agonist and antagonist, Biomarker Identification of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma from Gene Expression Profiles Considering without-treatment and with-treatment Studies – A Bioinformatics approach, Exploring the Role of Estrogen and Progestins in Breast Cancer: A Genomic Approach to Diagnosis, Structural insights on ER-alpha, ER-Beta, progesterone and their drug-targets interactions in Breast cancer, The predictive ability of myokines in patients with chronic heart failure, and much more.Other chapters cover Endogenous and artificial regulators of pituitary glycoprotein hormone receptors, Insight into vitamin D3 action within the ovary - basic and clinical aspects, Hormonal basis of seasonal changes in metabolism, Viral mimicry and endocrine system: Divulging the importance in host-microbiome crosstalk, Recombinant hormones as biopharmaceuticals: past, present and future, Thyroid hormone biosynthesis and its role in brain development and maintenance, and much more. - Highlights new advances in the field of hormones and hormone research - Covers topics such as the Estrogen receptor binding mechanism with agonist and antagonist and Biomarker Identification of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma from Gene Expression Profiles Considering without-treatment and with-treatment Studies - Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Glycation, Volume 125 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Vitamins and Hormones serials - Updated release includes the latest information on Glycation

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 138 covers reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry, including purification/expression, proteomics, modeling and structural determination and design. Chapters in this release include Proteomic Applications in Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions, Understanding functions of eEF1 translation elongation factors beyond translation. A proteomic approach, Proteomics provides insights into theranostic potential of extracellular vesicles, Towards a shareable functional analysis of the structural proteome, Functional unfoldomics, In-silico Network Pharmacology Study on Glycyrrhiza glabra: Analyzing the Immune-Boosting phytochemical properties of Siddha Medicinal Plant against COVID-19, and more.Other chapters cover In silico Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking Validation of Swasa Kudori for Screening Druggable Phytoconstituents of Asthma, Proteomics and Genomics Insights on Malignant Osteosarcoma, Application of functional proteomics in understanding RNA Virus-Mediated Infection, Biofilm proteome of Staphylococcus aureus: implications for therapeutic interventions to biofilm-associated infections, A computational pipeline elucidating functions of conserved hypothetical Trypanosoma cruzi proteins based on public proteomic data, Functional Proteomics based on Protein Microarray Technology for Biomedical Research, and an Analysis of endoglucanases production using proteomics and metatranscriptomics. - Includes new information about Protein Aggregation - Presents chapters by a wide range of leading experts - Cover new, cutting-edge information that will serve as an essential addition to any bookshelf or laboratory

Biocatalysis in Asymmetric Synthesis, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers of Enzymology series, offers an applied discussion of synthesizing biological catalysts using asymmetric synthesis, for applications across research and industry. Here, global experts in the field analyze a wide variety of biocatalysts and their physical states, process conditions for their asymmetric synthesis, solvents required during synthesis, and even downstream procedures for the recovery of final products. The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach, merging fundamental biology and its synthetic applications across industries, with a wide range of practical examples, from directed evolution to biotransformation and production of novel enzymes and non-conventional catalysts. Throughout the book, the impact and application of biocatalysis in sustainable processing is considered in-depth. This book will also help non-experts in biocatalysis to apply this knowledge in their own research, providing a thorough overview of the ways asymmetric biocatalytic approaches may be adapted for different disciplines and downstream products. - Explores biocatalysts as exquisite catalysts for fine chiral compound synthesis in different reaction media - Features both foundational overviews and applied, practical examples across research and industry - Includes chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

Now in its 2nd edition, this manual describes laboratory methodology for the diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases. The book describes a spectrum of tests, from simple screening methods via classical methods that are operational in most (if not all) biochemical laboratories, to analytical methods that depend on technologies that very few are currently employing in their labs, but are certainly the functional techniques in a biochemical laboratory in this post-genomics era. Each chapter is sufficiently detailed to be self-contained, thus enabling laboratory specialists to adopt the method in their own laboratory and obviating the need for additional methods or references. The second updated edition of the book is unique in that it is the first of its kind to be published in the last 13 years, and individual chapters have been developed by experts in the field citing both established and cutting-edge (omics) technology. Thus, it is an indispensable resource for researchers and clinicians working on the field of inherited metabolic diseases and those interested in laboratory diagnoses.

This volume in the Subcellular Biochemistry (SCBI) series is a continuation of several previous volumes devoted to the structural and functional study of protein complexes. The expanding nature of this field of study, derived mainly from X-ray crystallography and electron cryomicroscopy, justifies the continuing expansion of coverage in an almost encyclopaedic manner within the SCBI series. Experienced and active researchers in the field shed light on the biology of protein complexes involved in important cellular functions from different perspectives, such as AcrAB-TolC, and CST. Other topics covered are: the Toxin-Antitoxin systems in cell survival, the role of the ATPases CueR and RUVBL1-RUVBL2 in the regulation of gene expression, complexes with multiple functions in the cell such as VCP/p97 or the Vault complex, FtsA and FtsZ in bacterial cell division, GATOR1 and GATOR2 in amino acid sensing, TRPA1 and the Serotonin Transporter in signaling, oligomeric structures in eukaryotic cells such as amyloids and invertases, among others. The book is richly illustrated, the result of an impressive integration of structural data from X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. Functional aspects of protein-protein interactions are also featured prominently, providing a valuable contribution for researchers and scholars. Chapter 13 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book discusses the many advances in the understanding of the functions and implications of activation and detoxification enzymes. This organized, concise overview will meet the needs of those who are initially exposed to this important subject, particularly for students and researchers in the areas of biomedical sciences, biochemistry, nutrition, pharmacology, and chemistry. The book will also be valuable to advanced researchers. The book discusses subjects associated with foreign-compound-metabolizing enzymes with emphasis on biochemical aspects, including lipophilic foreign compounds, activation and detoxification enzymes, metabolic enzyme catalytic properties, reactive metabolic intermediates, biomedical and biochemical effects, genetic polymorphisms, enzyme inducibility, enzyme modulation for health benefits, dietary-related enzyme modulators, and structural characteristics of enzyme inducers. This new edition is updated throughout andfeatures completely new chapters on Oxidative and Electrophilic Stresses, Metabolite- Mediated Disease Conditions, and Defense Mechanism: Nrf2-ARE Pathway.

Research data sharing has traditionally been addressed to other peer researchers. Nowadays there is general awareness that putting research at the disposal of society is beneficial and necessary. However, the popularization of science is a hard endeavor. It must deal with transmission of transcendental knowledge with the appealing adornment of a good story, but avoiding the risk of falling into banality. This book consists in a series of individual stories delving into the world of biology and medicine. Some topics included in this volume consist in the explanation of basic biological concepts like the origin of modern eukaryotic cells, the importance of mutations as the driving force behind evolution, the molecular ins and outs of the nervous system, or the relevance of microorganisms to humans and science including food and energy industries. Others rather lean to a more biomedical perspective and constitute popular cases that have been, to some extent, trending in global media outlets: the divulgation of some current under-reckoned non-infectious pandemics like obesity and chronic pain, the presence of longer-living populations around the world named blue zones, the American (and African) opioid crisis, or the discovery and development of CRISPR-Cas as a promising genetic editing tool. All chapters are depicted with accompanying illustrations thoroughly elaborated by professionals of Fine Arts to make it easier to understand for the non-experts… but may perhaps also proof that the scientific method and multidisciplinary work are not unique to natural sciences, but also shared by other apparently distant disciplines like arts.

Safety assurance of consumer goods has become a global challenge. The presence of natural and synthetic contaminants in food compromises food safety and poses a risk to public health. This book discusses biological and chemical food contaminants, predictive and detection methods of food toxicants, survival mechanism of food pathogens, legislation on microbial contaminants to prevent public health risks and strategies to mitigate contamination.

Molecules Engineered Against Oncogenic Proteins and Cancer A comprehensive review of the latest molecular advances in cancer treatment Featuring 91 total small molecule kinase/KRAS inhibitors, 80 of which are FDA-approved, Molecules Engineered Against Oncogenic Proteins and Cancer documents the recent scientific advances that have transformed one of medicine's most challenging areas—cancer treatment. Most of these inhibitors specifically block oncogene-induced carcinogenic proteins with results that have dramatically advanced the treatment of cancer. In addition, the structural formulas of more than 100 kinase/KRAS inhibitors in clinical trials are presented. With a very well-known chemist as an author, Molecules Engineered Against Oncogenic Proteins and Cancer includes information on: Each molecule's structure, function of the kinase target and relevance to cancer, the drug discovery process, and molecular details of drug action Mutated protein kinases as oncoproteins and targets for inhibition, along with the details of discovery for each antitumor antikinase agent History of oncoprotein inhibitors and their role in advancing the treatment and understanding of cancer The discovery process as a whole, effective strategies for innovation, ongoing challenges, and a glimpse of the future of the field Combining the most significant recent discoveries in a unique and useful way, Molecules Engineered Against Oncogenic Proteins and Cancer is an essential resource for researchers and students in bioscience, medicine, chemistry, and oncology as well as for those at industrial companies involved in therapeutic discovery.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the application of proteases in cancer therapy. Proteases make up to two percent of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. The book delves into the applications of natural, synthetic, and non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy. It highlights how effective targeting of relevant proteases can help in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It covers the systems biology and bioinformatics approach in cancer drug development. The book is meant for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

Biochemistry is concerned with the chemical processes that occur within living organisms and microorganisms. There have been a number of publications focusing on biochemistry and its use for understanding biochemical and molecular mechanisms, with the majority of the literature focusing on bench scale items. To date there has not been a comprehensive work focusing on the techno-economic and industrial aspects of biochemistry from the microeconomic and pilot scales. This text covers current innovations and advances in plant biochemistry, animal biochemistry, microbial biochemistry and medicinal biochemistry plus potential uses of proteomics, genomics, recombinant DNA technology and protein application. Recent Advances in Industrial Biochemistry focuses on methods for recombinant proteins production and purification plus metabolic engineering and other source technologies from the industrial viewpoint, providing comprehensive, up-to-date information and evidence on contemporary development in the field of industrial biochemistry. The major focus of this book is the key issues, opportunities, approaches, advancements, products, innovations and technologies in current biochemistry from micro scale to production at pilot scale. Chapters highlight the many potential commercial prospects in various industries from food to to pharmaceuticals to bioenergy, providing a valuable and unique single resource for researchers.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic and preventive medical gas. Hydrogen gas has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. H2 exhibits exceptional pharmacokinetics, swiftly traversing cellular biomembranes to access subcellular organelles indirectly regulating hormones and cytokines through various signal transduction pathways. H2 has the potential to address a wide range of issues, including clinical medical treatment in the areas of healthcare: myocardial ischemia, heart failure, cardiac arrest, metabolic syndrome, advanced-stage cancer, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's dementia, aging-related disorders, sports activities, and even beauty, agriculture, etc.Selected world-known authors in the field provide readers with a comprehensive overview of molecular hydrogen's remarkable effects and its physical, chemical, and therapeutic properties and potential in biomedical applications. This contributed volume fills the current gap in information and is intended for everyone who wants to be better informed about the wide possibilities of using molecular hydrogen. However, it is mainly intended for use by medical students, physiologists, pharmacologists, physicians, and other healthcare personnel who can use molecular hydrogen to improve the health of everyone who needs it.

This book pinpoints one of the fastest growing, complex subjects in chemistry and medical science: the dangers of oxidative stress to human beings. It provides a solid background on the chemistry behind the generation of reactive species as well as how reactive species are involved in essential physiological processes and in almost every human disease. It also covers the most recent developments in the study of oxidative and reductive stress (redox stress), including the role of radical and reactive species, novel antioxidant therapies, and methods for assessing free radicals and redox stress. The chapters present concise, yet thorough, summaries of the state-of-the-art methods and techniques that any investigator working in the oxidative/reductive stress field needs to access. The current methodologies including the development of sensors and biosensors for the detection of ROS/RNS/RHS and of biomarkers of redox stress are thoroughly discussed. This book is a useful resource for all researchers and students interested in oxidative stress, molecular biology, and chemistry. Physicians and healthcare professionals interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the redox stress-related diseases also stand to benefit from this book.

Alan Herbert has played a leading part in discovering the biological roles for a high-energy form of DNA twisted to the left rather than to the right. Both Z-DNA and the Z-RNA sensing proteins are critical for protecting hosts against both viruses and cancers. The proteins also play critical roles in the programmed cell death of aging cells. Other types of flipons exist and alter the readout of transcripts from the genome, encoding genetic information by their shape rather than by their sequence. Many of these flipons are within repeat elements that were previously considered to be just genomic junk. Instead these genetic elements increase the adaptability of cells by flipping DNA conformation. By acting as digital switches, the different flipon types can alter cellular responses without any change to their sequence or any damage to DNA. These highly dynamic structures enable the rapid evolution of multicellular organisms. The junk DNA in repeats also encode peptide patches that enable the assembly of cellular machines. The intransitive logic involved enhances the chance of an individual surviving a constantly changing environment.Key Features Causes us to rethink how information is encoded in the genome Changes our understanding of how our genome evolved and how we protect ourselves against viruses and cancers while sparing normal cells Shows that high energy forms of DNA, such as left-handed DNA do exist inside the cell Accessible to those in academia and the general public, and speaks to the next generation, encouraging them to find their own path in scientific discovery The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative License (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Nanotechnology can treat diseases by site-specific and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines. Nanomaterials improve the efficacy of drugs and selective diagnosis. The book covers detection and treatment. It explains the use of nanocarriers for a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cancer, and ulcerative colitis. It includes topical, transdermal, and ocular drug delivery and combined medication delivery.

CRISPR-Cas-Based Genome Editing for Treating Human Diseases-Part A, Volume 208 represents CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing. Currently, CRISPR-Cas systems are proven a key technology for targeted genome editing, which is acting as a simple, rapid, and cost-effective solution. CRISPR-Cas9 system is being used in microbial genome editing, mammalian genome editing, disease models, and more. It has shown potential in human disease treatment. However, it is not easy to find CRISPR-Cas systems genome editing in a single source.This volume offers CRISPR-Cas systems for human diseases, bacterial disease, gut microbiome editing, viral disease, protozoan disease, fungal disease, stem cell therapy, CRISPR in epigenetics, CRISPR in cancer, autoimmune and blood disorders. In addition, it highlights a number of aspects of the CRISPR-Cas systems that can help the basic understanding of students, researchers, clinicians, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders to perform their research with great interest. - Updares on CRISPR-Cas systems for human diseases, bacterial disease, gut microbiome editing, viral disease, protozoan disease and fungal disease - Discusses stem cell therapy, CRISPR in epigenetics, CRISPR in cancer, autoimmune and blood disorders - Includes commentary on CRISPR in autoimmune and blood disorders

Immunology for Engineers, Volume 140 consists of chapters from stalwarts of the field, covering topics such as antibody engineering, adjuvant requirement and its methodology for assessment, and the need to develop immunotherapy, etc. Chapters covered in this volume discuss Current Status and Future Prospective of Breast Cancer Immunotherapy, Engineering high affinity antigen binders- beyond antibodies, Platelets and Inter-Cellular Communication in Immune Responses: Dialogue with both Professional and Non-Professional Immune Cells, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell-based cancer immunotherapy: A boon for cancer-free life, and Molecular insights and promise of Oncolytic Virus based Immunotherapy. - Presents the latest in immunological engineering - Delves into timely topics such as antibody engineering - Covers vaccine engineering amongst many other important topics

Ureases: Foundations, Classes, and Applications provides a thorough, practical analysis of ureases—enzymes of growing relevance across a range of biotechnological applications and drug discovery. Unique in many aspects, ureases are one of the few enzymes to have nickel in their active sites. Ureases covers all aspects of this enzymatic class. Starting with foundational overview, the book discusses historical urease research and the current state, from basic biochemistry to the use of ureases as hallmarks in enzymology, crystallography, and bioinorganic chemistry. The different classes of ureases, structurally diverse but chemically equivalent, are individually discussed. The multi-protein, multi-step activation of ureases (with chemical modification of residues, transport, and transfer of nickel ions) are examined in-depth, along with the catalytic mechanisms of ureolysis and its inhibitors. The final two sections of the book address multiple applications of ureases in health and biotechnology, respectively, going from gastric ulcer treatment to architectural uses in buildings and engineering. Future applications and next steps in research are also considered. - Considers fundamental aspects of urease biochemistry, ureolysis and urease inhibitors - Discusses urease research across a range of applications, from drug discovery to biosensors, water purification, architecture and the food industry - Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

This book delves into the vital role of plants and their bioactive compounds in human health, emphasizing their medicinal and nutritional significance. It highlights the growing concern of drug resistance in anticancer and antimicrobial medications, compelling clinicians, and researchers worldwide to seek alternative solutions. Plants offer a diverse array of compounds, serving as a promising resource for novel and safe drug candidates and potentially enhancing drug efficacy while being easily metabolized in the human body. Their cost-effectiveness, safety profile, and minimal side effects make them an ideal source for developing new drug regimens. The book aims to attract students, teachers, and researchers across various disciplines, covering topics such as biochemistry, pharmacology, botany, medicinal chemistry, virology, nutrition, clinical biochemistry, and biomedicine. The book will explore the medicinal and nutritional importance of plants and their products, showcasing their applications in medicine, industries, cosmetics, therapeutics, and preventive measures.

This book presents a detailed account of mushroom biology. It covers the biochemical composition, nutritional significance, and health benefits of mushrooms. It also discusses their medicinal properties, biochemical variability, and culinary techniques for maximizing their nutritional value.The subject matter in this book also discusses: Impact of Cooking and Processing on Mushroom Nutrient Retention Vitamins and Minerals in Mushrooms: A Nutritional Treasure Chitin and Chitosan in Mushrooms: Bioactivity and Applications Allergenic and Toxic Compounds in Mushrooms: Biochemical Identification and Implications Edible and Wild Medicinal Mushrooms: Comparative Biochemical Profiles Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)