Search

This book provides information on the applications of lignocellulosic wastes, aquatic weeds, algal biomass and microbes in biofuel production, climate change mitigation, eco-restoration, environment protection and development of roadmap for circular economy. Approximately eighty percent of the current energy requirements are fulfilled from fossil fuels which may be exhausted in the next fifty years if their exploitation rate continues with the same pace. Additionally, many health-related disorders like respiratory diseases, cancer and tumour are directly associated with the release of toxic gases during burning of fossil fuels. Therefore, transition from fossil fuels derived energy to low-carbon source energy is required for reduction in global carbon footprint. Excessive exhaustion of fossil sources and their high cost and adverse effects on environment have compelled researchers to develop alternative energy sources. Thus, biomass to bioenergy conversion technologies have been considered as the most promising approach for environment protection and sustainable development. This book comprises latest information on advanced technologies and future directions for researchers and scientists working in the field of biorefinery, wastewater and solid waste treatment and carbon neutrality for environmental safety. It can also serve as a guide to environmentalists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, environmental engineers and managers, policy makers, and industrialists, working in this field.

The book covers all the aspects of the advances in nanoimaging. It provides a step-by-step overview of the various aspects of nanoimaging from the basics like nanoparticle production. It describes the different applications of nanoparticles across multiple imaging modalities and their applications in oncology, cardiology, neurology, infection and inflammation and many other conditions. The book also covers the detailed use of the different modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET-CT, PET-MRI, and nuclear medicine for various conditions. It describes various nanoparticles, nano biomarkers and nanoprobes used for multiple applications. Several chapters provide detailed information on the molecular level. Additionally, the book discusses nano theranostics - a newer concept used in molecular imaging for diagnosing the disease and its therapeutic purpose. It provides basic and detailed information on the use of nanoimaging in various conditions and pathologies along with therapeutic options. The book is helpful for residents, fellows, students and various specialists, such as radiologists, molecular imaging specialists, molecular biologists, oncologists, hematologists, surgeons, biomedical engineers, and various specialities involving the use of nanoimaging.

This book serves as a comprehensive summary of the priority program SPP 1934, which focused on understanding the dispersity, structure, and phase changes of proteins and bio-agglomerates in biotechnological processes. Through contributions from various research groups, the program explored how sensitive proteins and bio-agglomerates are affected by the process environment during fermentation, downstream processing, and formulation. It investigated these effects across three size scales: microscale, encompassing single proteins, clusters, crystals, and virus-like particles; mesoscale, focusing on cells and cell clusters; and macroscale, examining overall process dynamics. The main objective was to enhance biotechnological process chains by elucidating the mechanical, thermal, and chemical stresses that impact protein and bio-agglomerate structures. By gaining insights into these stressors, the program aimed to enable precise control measures to mitigate denaturation and unfavorable growth of proteins and cells. This compilation seeks to contribute to the optimization of biotechnological processes, facilitating advancements in various industries.

Life in all its forms is based on nucleic acids which store and transfer genetic information. The book addresses main aspects of synthesis, hydrolytic stability and solution equilibria of nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides, as well as synthesis of their structural analogs that are of interest in chemotherapy. In addition, recent achievements in chemistry of catalytic nucleic acids, development of oligonucleotide based drugs and novel strategies for their targeting and delivery are discussed. The central theme always is the correlation of structure and function.

This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of bioactive substances found in plant underground stems, roots, rhizomes, corms, and tubers from all around the world. Tubers and starchy roots are plants that store edible starch content in underground stems, roots, rhizomes, corms, and tubers. They are a key source for both human and animal consumption and are rich in carbohydrates. They are widely used as industrial crops as well. Phytochemicals found in tubers and roots, such as phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids, have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and antibacterial properties. Except for common potatoes, sweet potatoes, and cassava, the nutritional and health benefits of many tuberous crops have not yet been adequately investigated. This book sheds new insights into these topics by addressing several plant metabolites found in storage organs, which can be seen as scientifically neglected even though they have a high economic relevance as food and pharmaceutical sources. Divided into 6 parts, this book discusses how bioactive chemicals found in plant storage organs are synthesized and how their bioactive principles are specifically expressed in underground stems, roots, rhizomes, corms, and tubers. Additionally, each chapter includes background information on the plant, its parts, its nutritional makeup, chemical components, and biological functions. Given its breadth, the book appeals to a wide readership, from scholars through graduate and post-graduate students to professionals in the industry.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In 2018, 9.6 million deaths were attributed to cancer, and it is affecting around 18 million patients each year. Natural products have been considered as the major source of lead compounds for cancer treatment. A large number of natural products have been reported by researchers all over the world and many of them are in clinical trials. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in pentacyclic triterpenoids such as Oleanolic acid, β-boswellic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid and maslinic acid as potential anticancer agents reflected by the exponential increase in the number of scientific publications and patents published on these natural products all over the world. Moreover, some of these pentacyclic triterpenoids have already been marketed in some countries as therapeutic agents for the treatment of several disorders such as cancer, diabetes, inflammation, liver disorders, etc. Two major derivatives of oleanolic acid, CDDO and CDDO-Me, have been entered into clinical trials against cancer. This book highlights the potential of oleanolic acid and its derivatives in the treatment of several human disorders. Initial chapters discuss the sources, extraction, biosynthesis and various reported biological activities of oleanolic acid while subsequent chapters describe the in vitro and in vivo applications of oleanolic acid and its different derivatives in several diseases such as bacterial infections, breast cancer, colon cancer and hepatic disorders. The last chapter of the book describes the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of oleanolic acid in cancer.

There is an increasing awareness that materials and chemicals produced from fossil fuels are not sustainable, both in terms of the pollution caused by the extraction and production processes, and the fact that there is only a finite supply of these fossil fuels. Therefore, there is a strong incentive to find sources for chemicals and materials from source materials that we know we can continue to generate. Plants are a source of a wide variety of chemicals, many with interesting properties, and these chemical feedstocks are considered renewable rather than finite. Green Chemistry and Green Materials from Plant Oils and Natural Acids covers the application of these natural materials in producing polymers, lubricants and plasticisers.

This book comprehensively covers the fundamentals and latest advancements in the area of click chemistry. It discusses notable applications of click chemistry in various emerging areas ranging from chemical biology to catalysis and from medicinal chemistry to material sciences. Various topics covered in this book are catalysis in regioselectivity in click chemistry, organocatalysis in triazole synthesis, Bertozzi's Bioorthogonal Concept, photo-triggered click chemistry, SuFFEx Click, Thiol-Ene Click, MCR Click, Intramolecular Click Chemistry, synthesis of diverse triazoles and their applications, Click's Post Functionalization, etc. The book is a valuable reference for beginners, researchers and professionals interested in sustainable click concept and its diverse applications in allied fields.

This book brings out a comprehensive collection of information on the structural proteins of fish in both marine and fresh water system. The main focus of this book is to address all relevant aspects of structural proteins of fish and its commercial significance. Fish is a rich and cheap source of protein, and the collagen and myofibrillar proteins, play a key role in food and pharmaceutical industries. Marine-based collagen due to its unique properties have fewer risks of transmitting diseases. These have low molecular weight, are biocompatible, lack religious constraints, and involves cost-effective extraction process. Therefore, it finds wide biomedical applications. The details of its extraction, isolation and characterization, supported with photographs and flow-charts are provided. This book also discusses the different peptides and derivatives of proteins that may have beneficial health significance and other commercial importance. Further, the application of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence in understanding the protein structure in-silico are also discussed in detail. This book is of interest and useful to students, academician, researchers and industrialists/ entrepreneurs, and is a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers/ students.

Vitamins and Hormones serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Vitamins and Hormones series - Updated release includes the latest information on the Adrenal Gland

This book offers an exploration of how plants respond to the presence of cadmium, shedding light on both the physiological and molecular mechanisms In an era of growing environmental concern, this edited book serves as an invaluable resource, shedding light on the intricate interplay between plants and cadmium, a menacing environmental pollutant. Cadmium's pervasive presence in the soil poses a significant threat to plant ecosystems, impacting food security and human well-being. This comprehensive book explores the multifaceted responses of plants to cadmium toxicity, offering critical insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms governing these reactions. The edited book delves into the intricate relationship between plants and cadmium, a highly toxic heavy metal. Cadmium contamination in the environment, largely stemming from industrial processes and agricultural practices, poses a significant threat to plant ecosystems and, by extension, human and environmental health. This book offers a comprehensive exploration of how plants respond to the presence of cadmium, shedding light on both the physiological and molecular mechanisms that govern these responses. Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides a holistic understanding of the challenges posed by cadmium contamination and the innovative strategies plants employ to combat its detrimental effects. It encompasses a wide array of topics, from the physiological changes plants undergo under cadmium stress to the genetic and molecular pathways activated in response. Furthermore, it explores the practical potential of phytoremediation, a sustainable approach that harnesses plants'abilities to detoxify contaminated environments. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, scholars, and students in the fields of plant biology, environmental science, and toxicology, offering a deep understanding of the challenges presented by cadmiumcontamination and the innovative strategies that plants employ to adapt and thrive in the face of adversity. With a focus on both fundamental science and practical applications, this edited book offers a comprehensive perspective on a critical issue in modern agriculture, environmental science, and plant biology.

Systems Biology and Machine Learning Methods in Reproductive Health is an innovative and wide-ranging book that discovers the synergetic combination of disciplines: systems biology and machine learning, with an application in the field of reproductive health. This book assembles the expertise of leading scientists and clinicians to present a compilation of cutting-edge techniques and case studies utilizing computational methods to elucidate intricate biological systems, elucidate reproductive pathways, and address critical issues in the fields of fertility, pregnancy, and reproductive disorders. Bringing science and data science together, this groundbreaking book provides scientists, clinicians, and students with a step-by-step guide to uncovering the complexities of reproductive health through cutting-edge computational tools.

This book illustrates past and recent advances in radiation-based technologies for their application in waste biomass valorization. The radiation technologies are useful for biomass pretreatment for overcoming biomass recalcitrance or direct conversion of biomass into bio-oil or high-value products. The book demonstrates the technological aspects of several radiation-based technologies such as microwave, ultrasound, gamma, x-ray, laser, and electric field. These highly advanced cutting-edge technologies are a sustainable approach and serve the dual purpose of value addition and waste remediation. These technologies are in different stages of their development and attempts have been made to move them to large-scale applications; thus, this book focuses on the different developmental stages of each technology along with futuristic suggestions and inputs. The book not only attempts to cover technical aspects such as the design and functioning of the equipment but also covers the current industrial prospect of each technology. It addresses the bottlenecks that are challenging its growth and movement to large-scale applications and introduces the cost, market cover, and government policies for the implementation of technologies in the industries. Finally, it provides future perspectives and opportunities in irradiation-based technologies for sustainable growth of future waste biomass-based biorefinery. This book provides interdisciplinary viewpoints from multiple sciences and is helpful and valuable to a wide readership in the various fields of mechanical and chemical engineering, biophysics, bioprocessing, high-value product generation, and biorefinery.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments to valorize fish waste as a source of useful products. In the first few chapters, an introductory section unearths global fish waste production, its detrimental effects and its role in the circular economy. The next section of the book discusses recent applications of fish waste and by-products utilization for the production of useful products such as fertilizers, biogas, biodiesel, fish sauce, enzymes and many more. This book will serve as an important source of recent research developments and applications of fish waste generated at different stages of fish processing. This book will also act as an important reference to the research group conducting research on fish and fish by-product utilization and valorization.

Mitochondrial Transplantation and Transfer: Biology, Methods, Applications, and Disease, a volume in the Translational and Applied Bioenergetics series, offers a detailed overview of mitochondrial transplantation across fundamental biology, disease and early therapeutics research. Here, more than twenty experts in the field discuss transplantation and transfer of healthy mitochondria and define future steps to improve new therapeutic applications across a variety of diseases. Emphasis is placed on the physiology of mitochondrial transfer, isolation processes and their applications, transfer methods, and diagnostic and treatment use across cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases, among other disease types. Step-by-step instruction is provided around research protocols and methods discussed, along with careful attention to the ethical implications of mitochondrial transplantation research and application. - Provides an in-depth discussion of mitochondrial transplantation, considering fundamental biology, disease implications, research methods and applications - Discusses recent advances in the field and their meaning for future research and clinical utility - Considers ethical dimensions of mitochondrial transplantation research and use in therapeutics - Examines mitochondrial transplantation across a range of disease types, from neurological to cardiovascular disease and ischemia

Tyrosinase, Volume 56 in The Enzymes series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Overview on tyrosinases (genetics, molecular biology, phylogenetic relationship), Catalytic mechanism of tyrosinases, Structural characterization of tyrosinases, Assay methods of tyrosinase activity and inhibition, Natural products as tyrosinase inhibitors, Drug design of tyrosinase inhibitors, Peptide and peptidomimetic tyrosinase inhibitors, Computational studies of tyrosinase inhibitors, Bacterial tyrosinases and their inhibitors, and Biomedical applications of tyrosinases and tyrosinase inhibitors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in The Enzymes series - Highlights new advances on Tyrosinase

This edited book is a comprehensive compilation of applications of plant molecular farming in various fields including agriculture, industry and medicine, using different plant/crop systems as bioreactors for the bulk production of products of interest. The book places special emphasis on plant molecular farming being utilized for the bulk production of biologics, industrial enzymes, vaccines, drugs and recombinant pharmaceutical proteins.Plant molecular farming (PMF) is an upcoming promising interdisciplinary subject, and therefore the book contains contributions from experts across the disciplines. The utilization of plant viral vectors to produce biologics, virus-like particles and antimicrobial peptides via PMF have been highlighted. Molecular farming for the bulk production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins and various types of human and veterinary vaccines in different crops/plants and genetically modified seeds has been included. The process of scaling up to manufacturing capacity, product formation by bioprocessing of plant cell suspension culture, and bioreactor engineering have been incorporated. Lastly, the book provides special coverage on utilizing PMF made products to control neglected tropical diseases and plant-made antigens as immunotherapies for allergic and autoimmune diseases.The book has chapters from leading experts on the subject, making it equally beneficial for researchers, policy planners, industrialists, medical professionals, entrepreneurs, and students of various related disciplines.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic and preventive medical gas. Hydrogen gas has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. H2 exhibits exceptional pharmacokinetics, swiftly traversing cellular biomembranes to access subcellular organelles indirectly regulating hormones and cytokines through various signal transduction pathways. H2 has the potential to address a wide range of issues, including clinical medical treatment in the areas of healthcare: myocardial ischemia, heart failure, cardiac arrest, metabolic syndrome, advanced-stage cancer, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's dementia, aging-related disorders, sports activities, and even beauty, agriculture, etc.Selected world-known authors in the field provide readers with a comprehensive overview of molecular hydrogen's remarkable effects and its physical, chemical, and therapeutic properties and potential in biomedical applications. This contributed volume fills the current gap in information and is intended for everyone who wants to be better informed about the wide possibilities of using molecular hydrogen. However, it is mainly intended for use by medical students, physiologists, pharmacologists, physicians, and other healthcare personnel who can use molecular hydrogen to improve the health of everyone who needs it.

Bacterial Laccases: Engineering, Immobilization, Heterologous Production, and Industrial Applications provides a list of approaches that upgrades bacterial laccases to industrially relevant enzymes. Providing protocols for enzyme production and downstream processing, and including up-to-date information on bacterial laccases, as well as techniques that can be explored to enhance properties and production levels, this book clarifies research gaps and explains how they can be dealt with. Written for research scholars working on enzymes, this is a valuable tool for industries and policymakers. - Leads to a better understanding of traditional and novel methodologies for enhancing production and properties of bacterial laccases - Serves as a useful guide for researchers, industrialists and students - Includes chapters written by experts known for their contributions in respective areas - Describes the latest advances made in the field of bacterial laccases, including strategies that could be undertaken to improve their utility at an industrial level - Provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of bacterial laccases and their important applications

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. This latest volume includes reviews on plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics and genomics, forests, and ecosystems.

Emergence of lifestyle diseases, e.g., type II diabetes, cancers, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, liver cirrhosis, etc., are exponentially increasing day by day. Modern drifts toward the utilization of herbal medicines in different healthcare aspects necessitate (demand) the replacement of synthetic molecules with phytoconstituents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, economic extraction process, and ready availability from the natural source. This book provides a thorough insight into the comprehensive and up-to-date trends of phytomedicines in the management of lifestyle diseases and its mechanisms, modern methods of extraction and purification of phytoconstituents, and chemical characterization as well as standardization of phytoconstituents using modern equipments.

DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research Comprehensive coverage of DNA nanotechnology with a focus on its biomedical applications in disease diagnosis, gene therapy, and drug delivery Bringing together multidisciplinary aspects of chemical, material, and biological engineering, DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research: From Bioanalysis to Biomedicine presents an overview of DNA nanotechnology with emphasis on a variety of different applications in cell research and engineering, covering a unique collection of DNA nanotechnology for fundamental research and engineering of living cells, mostly in cellulo and in vivo, for the first time. Broad coverage of this book ranges from pioneering concepts of DNA nanotechnology to cutting-edge reports regarding the use of DNA nanotechnology for fundamental cell science and related biomedical engineering applications in sensing, bioimaging, cell manipulation, gene therapy, and drug delivery. The text is divided into four parts. Part I surveys the progress of functional DNA nanotechnology tools for cellular recognition. Part II illustrates the use of DNA-based biochemical sensors to monitor and image intracellular molecules and processes. Part III examines the use of DNA to regulate biological functions of individual cells. Part IV elucidates the use of DNA nanotechnology for cell-targeted medical applications. Sample topics covered in DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research include: Selections and applications of functional nucleic acid toolkits, including DNA/RNA aptamers, DNAzymes, and riboswitches, for cellular recognition, metabolite detection, and liquid biopsy. Developing intelligent DNA nanodevices implemented in living cells for amplified cell imaging, smart intracellular sensing, and in cellulo programmable biocomputing. Harnessing dynamic DNA nanotechnology for non-genetic cell membrane engineering, receptor signaling reprogramming, and cellular behavior regulation. Construction of biocompatible nucleic acid nanostructures as precisely controlled vehicles for drug delivery, immunotherapy, and tissue engineering. Providing an up-to-date tutorial style overview along with a highly valuable in-depth perspective, DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research is an essential resource for the entire DNA-based nanotechnology community, including analytical chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, and bioengineers.

Antimicrobial Peptides: A Roadmap for Accelerating Discovery and Development covers the most important efforts of scientists and engineers worldwide to accelerate the process of discovery, production, and eventual market penetration of more potent antimicrobial peptides. These efforts have been fueled by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and data science, molecular and CFD simulations, easy-to-use process simulation packages, microfluidics, 3D-printing, among many others. Such technologies can now be implemented and scaled up quickly and at relatively low cost in low-budget production facilities, critical to moving to sustainable and marketable products worldwide. Discovering novel antimicrobial peptides rationally and cost-effectively has emerged as one of the significant challenges of modern biotechnology. Thus far, this process has been tedious and costly, resulting in molecules with activities far below those needed to address the current challenge of microbial resistance to antibiotics that takes the lives of thousands of people around the world every year. Finally, the book also highlights how multidisciplinary teams have assembled to address the challenges of manufacturing, biological testing, and clinical trials to finally reach complete translation. - Covers computational tools (including emerging artificial intelligence algorithms) and microfluidic systems for discovery and high-throughput screening of AMPs - Discusses the application of bioprocess engineering scale-up approaches for AMPs'production and purification with the aid of process simulation tools and rapid prototyping - Highlights user-centered design and formulation of products with AMPs - Describes the whole pipeline for AMPs production

This book is devoted to phytopharmaceuticals and their role in managing human disorders. It also covers the biological role of herbal drugs and the latest research developments in herbal medicine. Divided into five parts, the book starts with a global perspective on phytopharmaceuticals providing insights into the lessons from the past to the future, followed by an overview of Ayurveda medicine, and the main isolation and extraction techniques of plant material. Parts 2 and 3 present the latest research on natural products and phytopharmaceuticals, in which the authors cover the current clinical research status on formulations containing medicinal plants, and an overview of nanomedicines. Particular attention is given to potential and current therapeutic applications of phytopharmaceuticals, including their role in the management of COVID-19, neurological disorders, and cancer therapy. Part 4 focuses on the biomedical applications of phytochemical-based formulations, and Part 5 outlines the role and benefits of nutraceuticals in human health. The final chapter of this book provides an overview of the main toxicity and regulatory aspects of herbal medicines. Collating the latest advances in phytopharmaceuticals and natural product drug discovery with a perspective on Ayurveda therapies, this book has broad appeal from scholars,and researchers to professionals interested in plant-based drug development and phytochemistry.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of genomics and its diverse applications. Chapters cover genomics data generation methods, computational tools, gene annotation, transcriptomics, DNA barcoding, next-generation sequencing, functional genomics, metagenomics, synthetic genomics, microarray analysis, nutrigenomics, genome editing, and more. This book offers a valuable source of information for not only beginners in genomics, but also for students, researchers, scientists, clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders who are interested in harnessing the potential of genomics in many areas.

This open access book provides the first comprehensive coverage of the wheat genome sequence since the publication of the draft and reference sequences for bread wheat and durum wheat. It presents an overview and all aspects of the gold standard sequence of the bread wheat genome, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 and its subsequent improvements through 2022 (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1), as well as the sequencing of multiple elite wheat varieties, durum wheat, and ancient wheat. The book provides a broad and extensive review of the resources, tools, and methodologies available for exploiting the wheat genome sequence for crop improvement and studying fundamental questions related to the structure, function, and evolution of the wheat genome. Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in the world, contributing approximately 20 percent of total calories and more protein in human diets than any other single source. This book is useful to students, teachers, and scientists in academia and industry interested in gaining an understanding of the wheat genome and its application as well as plant scientists generally interested in polyploid plant species.

This book reviews the potential of metallodrugs against different cancer. It summarizes the classification of metal-based anti-cancer drugs, their plausible biochemical and mechanistic pathways, combining drug strategies for hitting multiple therapeutic targets at the intracellular level, and advanced drug delivery strategies. The book covers the metallodrugs for the efficacious treatment of diverse cancerous strains and recent advances in drug delivery strategies that are used for developing these metal-based therapeutics as potent anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo. The book also covers different biophysical and analytical techniques for studying metal-ligand and metal-macromolecular interactions. The book further presents the recent examples of metallomics studies on the different types of cell death induced by metal-based anticancer drugs, especially on the three major forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in mammalian cells: apoptosis, autophagy, and regulated necrosis, alsocalled necroptosis. Lastly, the book explores the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by metallodrugs.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of value-added products from algae, presenting the fundamentals of algal cultivation, metabolism, harvest, and cellular pathways of phycochemicals biosynthesis. It offers sufficient details for both experts and non-experts to grasp the recent progress in this field. The book also discusses new phycochemicals and advancements in technology development, from separation to scale-up commercialization. Divided into 18 chapters, the book begins with an introduction to the value of algae as a renewable resource, followed by an authoritative overview of topics such as algae cultivation systems, harvesting techniques, phycochemical analysis, artificial intelligence in phytochemical recognition, and bioprocess engineering. Additional chapters cover various aspects of algal biotechnology, including biorefinery technology, biofuel-integrated routes, and the use of wastewater for algal growth. The book also explores high throughput screening methods for microalgae-based phycochemicals and examines the catalytic processes involved in algal bioprocessing. Cutting-edge topics such as omics approaches for algal applications, algal-based biopolymers, diatom nanostructured biosilica, and the potential of seaweeds in methane emission mitigation, are also explored. In this book, readers will discover the recent technological applications of algae in aquaculture and will find a case study on the functional food potential of Spirulina. Recognizing the importance of legislation and biosecurity in the field, the last chapter of the book addresses the regulatory frameworks and biosecurity measures necessary for the safe and sustainable development of algal biotechnology. Given its breadth, the book is a valuable resource for scholars, researchers and professionals interested in algal biotechnology, sustainability, biomass conversion, and new algal products from any perspective.

Organic acids have many applications in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, chemical, and textile industries. Traditionally, organic acids are produced energy-intensive chemical processes. Fermentative production of organic acids is environmentally friendly and cost-effective approaches for large scale production of enzymes utilizes organic waste feedstocks. This book provides the recent research on microbial production of organic acids.

This handbook is the first to comprehensively cover nucleic acids from fundamentals to recent advances and applications. It is divided into 10 sections where authors present not only basic knowledge but also recent research. Each section consists of extensive review chapters covering the chemistry, biology, and biophysics of nucleic acids as well as their applications in molecular medicine, biotechnology and nanotechnology. All sections within this book are: Physical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Roland Winter), Structural Chemistry of Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Janez Plavec), Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Piet Herdewijin), Ligand Chemistry of Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou), Nucleic Acids and Gene Expression (Section Editor: Prof. Cynthia Burrows), Analytical Methods and Applications of Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Chaoyong Yang), Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Biology of Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Zhen Xi), Nucleic Acids Therapeutics (Section Editor: Prof. Katherine Seley-Radtke), Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology of Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Eriks Rozners), Functional Nucleic Acids (Section Editor: Prof. Keith R. Fox).The handbook is edited by outstanding leaders with contributions written by international renowned experts. It is a valuable resource not only for researchers but also graduate students working in areas related to nucleic acids who would like to learn more about their important role and potential applications.

Higly efficient separation tools are increasingly required for satisfying the necessity of the modern society. In this context, for achieving optimized separation and purification of targeted compounds, the typical features of the imprinting technology and membrane science for developing the so-called imprinted membranes have been exploited. Imprinted membranes are smart systems endowing selective recognition properties towards specific molecules and ions that exhibit better performance with respect to the traditional separation techniques. The aim of this monography is to give a contribution in promoting the knowlegde on the current research trend about this topic. Starting from the concept of the molecular recognition the book introduces the reader to the fascinating world of the imprinting technology and membrane-based processes up to discussing the development of imprinted polymers as well as imprinted membranes, which represent their special format. The different imprinting strategies as well as the theory and mechanisms of the separation are also explained. Furthermore, the application of molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes in different areas for the selective recognition of drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, pesticides, other toxic compounds and proteins is discussed. The attention is also devoted to their employment in enantiomeric separation, sensors technology and controlled drug delivery. Finally, the production and application of ion imprinted membranes in the separation of metal ions, rare earth element and anions and the role of cyclodextrins in the imprinting technology are discussed.

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology in DNA Analysis explains and summarizes next generation sequencing (NGS) technological applications in the field of forensic DNA analysis. The book covers the transition from capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based technique to NGS platforms and the fundamentals of NGS technologies, applications, and advances. Sections provide an overview of NGS technology and forensic science, including information on processing biological samples for forensic analysis, sequence analysis, and data analysis software as well as the analysis of NGS data. The book explores the valuable applications of NGS-based forensic DNA analysis and covers the validations and interpretation guidelines of NGS workflows. With chapter contributions from an international array of experts and the inclusion of practical case studies, this book is a useful reference for academicians and researchers in genetics, biotechnology, bioinformatics, biology, and medicine as well as forensic DNA scientists and practitioners who aim to learn, use, apply, and validate NGS-based technologies. - Describes the fundamentals of NGS and its advances for forensic applications - Explains the transition from CE-based technique to NGS technology - Includes case studies related to NGS and DNA fingerprinting - Explores the future use and applications of NGS technologies

Cellular Lipid in Health and Disease presents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the various roles lipids play in human biology. This book is organized in four parts covering the foundational concepts of lipid biology all the way to the therapeutic opportunities they present. The first part is dedicated to the basic concepts of cellular lipid, the roles it plays in the cell, structure and physiology, regulation mechanisms, storage, and utilization. The second part is focused on lipid metabolism, covering the organelles involved in lipid trafficking, metabolism in aging, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid droplets (LDs), and lipid oxidation. Part three is dedicated to the roles lipids play in specific disease states including renal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and fatty liver diseases. Other conditions include cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and the intricate relationship between cellular lipids and autophagy. The final part covers therapeutic opportunities, including drug carrier systems, modeling lipid metabolism, and prevention therapeutics. Cellular Lipid in Health and Disease is a complete reference targeted at graduate students and early career researchers in cell biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Research physicians can also benefit from the foundational content and links to pathologies and therapeutic opportunities. - Offers a complete and systematic coverage of lipid biology - Provides foundational content and establishes the needed connections to translational aspects of the research in this area - Includes chapters on the therapeutic opportunities presented by lipids

Secretory Proteins, Volume 133 in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series highlights new advances in the field, including chapters on Proprotein Convertases regulate trafficking and maturation of key proteins within the secretory pathway, Secretory Proteins in Cancer Diagnosis, Senescent Cells and SASP in Cancer Microenvironment: new approaches in cancer therapy, Autophagy for secretory protein: Therapeutic targets in cancer, Secretory proteins and pathways of secretion of osteosarcoma, Monocyte secretory proteins as drug targets for arresting progression of atherosclerosis, The secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells: insights into venom cytotoxicity, Macromolecules for secretory pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and much more. Other sections cover Exploring the role of secretory proteins in the human infectious diseases diagnosis and therapeutics, Secretory proteins in orchestration of microbial pathogenesis- the curious case of Staphylococcus aureus, Influence of pathological mutations in Aspartylglucosylamine Deaspartylase causing Aspartylglucosaminuria: an in silico approach, and Change in conformational dynamics of Lipase A secretory protein upon mutation causing Wolman disease. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series - Updated release includes the latest information on the Secretory Proteins

Electromagnetic Waves-Based Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Principles and Applications of Nanomaterials is a reference solution for radiation-based methods in cancer therapy that benefit from nanosystems. The book gives foundational knowledge and the latest techniques across the electromagnetic wave spectrum. It assesses the advantages and limitations of nanosystems in therapy, providing researchers and specialists with the insight to leverage novel nanostructures for therapy and to improve the efficacy of existing methods. It presents a comprehensive reference on the use of nanosystems in radiation-based cancer therapy. What makes this book unique is its coverage of the electromagnetic wave spectrum. Six chapters cover radio-wave-involved cancer therapy and imaging; cancer therapy by microwaves hypothermia; infra-red waves in cancer theranostics; the use of visible light in diagnosis; X-ray based treatments; and gamma ray-involved therapy and imaging. This book offers researchers and specialists a comprehensive overview of radiation-based methods using nanosystems. It will be of great use to researchers and specialists in cancer diagnosis who want to take advantage of novel nanostructures and to improve the performance of conventional methods in radiation-based cancer diagnosis and therapy. - Provides a comprehensive reference of radiation-based methods in cancer therapy benefiting from nanosystems - Presents advantages and limitations in the use of nanosystems for radiation-based methods in cancer therapy - Helps researchers and specialists leverage the potential of novel nanostructures for therapy - Offers ways to improve the performance of conventical methods using nanosystems, making this a one-stop solution to the use of nanosystems in radiation-based cancer therapy

This book is exploring molecular insight of plant disease resistance, enhancing plant immunity as well as the latest omics or approaches in plant disease management. In the recent past, microbial strains or products frequently utilized to inhibit the growth of phytopathogen and disease management. However, it is well known that plants respond to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses by morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. But still there is much more to study about their molecular aspect of interaction between host- pathogens- biocontrol agents that will be helpful in formulation and applications of microbial antagonistic for effective management of phytopathogens. This book attempt to fill this gap in the literature. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, agronomist, horticulturalist scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, microbiology, environment science.

The new edited volume on phytomelatonin and its diverse roles in plants under a challenging environment shall be an important reference book with updated information and future perspectives on the involvement of this biomolecule in stress resilience in plants. Investigations on different aspects of melatonin in plants have undergone a prolific surge in the last decade. In view of such a considerable volume of investigations in melatonin, the proposed new volume will collate its role in different aspects of plants signaling, growth and metabolism. In this context, it has been important to understand its function as a stress priming molecule that executes associative synergistic relation with various other plant growth regulators (viz. nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, inorganic ions, and enzymes). Thus, crop management under diverse stressful environments can be better achieved by elucidating our current understanding of the role of melatonin and its interplay with various plant metabolites. The book shall provide a collation of recent advancements in genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approaches to decipher the molecular mechanisms of melatonin signaling and its agronomic importance in plants.

Molecular self-assembly has been exploited by nature for developing the higher functional macromolecular structures of both the genome and proteome. Inspired by nature, there has been a surge of research, in the last two decades, for the molecular engineering of peptide-based self-assembling nanostructures, adopting the bottom-up design approach. This book gives the reader an overview on the design rules for de novo self-assembling peptide and reviews the diverse range of bioinspired peptide nanostructures such as β-sheet and β-hairpin, α-helical and coiled coil, self-assembling short peptides and peptidomimetics, collagen-based and elastin-like peptides, silk peptides, peptide amphiphiles, peptides co-polymers and others. The book also covers the wide variety of responsive and functional biomaterials that have been innovated based on those nanostructures for various applications ranging from tissue engineering, therapeutics and drug delivery to antimicrobial nanomaterials and biosensors. Finally, the book also discusses the peptide bionanomaterials global market and the future of the emerging industry.Chapter “Characterization of Peptide-Based Nanomaterials” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number — from fewer than 25 in 1968 — to approximately 8,000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.

Hormone Receptors: Structures and Functions, Volume 123 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series - Updated release includes the latest information on Hormone Receptors

The accumulation of large amounts of contaminants occurs in the environment due to industrialization and various other anthropogenic activities. Contaminants ultimately affect human health worldwide. Organic, inorganic, and radioactive substances are the prevalent forms of environmental contaminants and their complete remediation in soils and sediments is rather a difficult task. Concerns of their toxicities led to the emphasis on development of effective techniques to assess the presence and mobility of contaminants in air, water, and soil. Furthermore, the ever-increasing concentration of toxic pollutants in the environment is considered a serious threat to plant, animal, human, and environmental health.Many technologies are in use to clean and eliminate hazardous contaminants from the environment; however, these technologies can be costly, labor intensive, and often distressing to the general public. Phytoremediation is a simple, cost effective, environmentally friendly and fast-emerging new technology for eliminating toxic contaminants from different environments. Phytoremediation refers to the natural ability of certain plants and their associated microbiome (including hyper-accumulators or bio-accumulators) to remove, degrade, or render contaminants harmless. Through this technique, certain species of plants flourish by accumulating contaminants present in the environment. The unique and selective uptake capabilities of plant root and shoot systems, effective translocation, bioaccumulation, and contaminant degradation capabilities of the accumulator plants are utilized in phytoremediation techniques. Phytotechnologies involving the use of plants for contaminant removal gained importance during the last two decades and phytoremediation technology became an effective tool for environmental detoxification because of plants ability to accumulate the contaminants at very high concentrations.Phytoremediation strategies can remove, degrade, or stabilize inorganic and organic contaminants entering a multitude of ecosystems using green plants and their associated microbial communities. The development and use of phytotechnologies continues to move forward at a steady pace. Researchers recognize the potential of phytoremediation to offer a green, cost effective, eco-friendly and feasible application to address some of the world's many environmental challenges. This book provides significant information to add to the previous volumes published on the topic and can serve as the foundation for the development of new applications that feature the integration of modern research discoveries into new methods to remediate contaminated ecosystems. Moreover, this volume brings recent and established knowledge on different aspects of phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation, providing this information in a single source that offers a cutting-edge synthesis of scientific and experiential knowledge on polluted environments that is useful for policy makers, practitioners and scientists, and engineers.Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants, Volume 7 highlights the various prospects that are involved in current global phytoremediation research. This book delivers a content-rich source to the reader and can act as a platform for further research studies. It should meet the needs of all researchers working in, or have an interest in this particular field.

Biostimulants in Alleviation of Metal Toxicity in Plants: Emerging Trends and Opportunities focuses on the role of substances or micro-organisms whose presence can address issues of metal contamination in soils, seeds and plants. Including a range of biostimulant tools, the book highlights both endogenous and exogenous application. Written and edited by a global team of experts, this book presents an overview on biostimulants in determining metal toxicity. As plants encounter a wide range of environmental challenges during their lifecycle, among which metal toxicity is a common form of abiotic stress, this book thoroughly covers important topics on the subject matter. Once inside a plant system, toxic metals may initiate a variety of physiological alterations in plants, including adversely impacted seed germination, root and shoot growth, chloroplasts ultrastructure and photosynthesis, nutrients assimilation, carbohydrates metabolism, and plant hormonal status which, collectively, results in reduced plants yields. In addition to several naturally occurring physiological and metabolic re-programing responses, plants may also modify their root and shoot systems in order to dilute entered amount of toxic metals. As an additional tool biostimulants have emerged as one of the important plant protectors under adverse conditions. - Includes endogenous and exogenous application of biostimulants - Focuses on use based on specific metal contamination - Presents forward-looking prospects for the use of biostimulants in plant health protection

Semisynthesis of Bioactive Compounds and their Biological Activities explores the potential benefits of semisynthetic derivatives obtained from nature. Sections cover the natural distribution of parent compounds, semisynthesis and biological properties of semisynthetic derivatives, the applications of semisynthetic derivatives in diverse fields such as drug delivery, food production and medicine, an explanation of the current resistance mechanisms of antibiotics, clinical applications of semisynthetic analogues, the functions of plant alkaloids on human health, potential agricultural biotechnology in semisynthetic derivatives, and semisynthesis of natural products under greener conditions, this book provides a comprehensive resource on the topics presented. Sections include information about alternative sources of energy and superior greener technologies (microwave, sonochemistry), alternative reaction media (water, supercritical CO2, ionic liquids) and alternative eco-friendly catalysts (biocatalysts). This book will be an excellent resource for academicians, researchers and students focusing on synthesis as well as the biological community and industry professionals in drug development. - Focuses on the current resistance mechanisms of antibiotics, chemical derivatization of antibiotics, and clinical applications of semisynthetic derivatives. - Includes discussion of the semisynthesis of natural products using green tools, green solvents, and eco-friendly catalysts. - Illustrates the concept of toxicity, the merits of transition-metal-free reactions, and the semisynthesis of natural products by introducing the oxygen atom(s) under transition-metal-free conditions.

Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery Using Polysaccharides offers an interdisciplinary discussion of polysaccharides applied in peptide and protein drug delivery. Chapters consider basic biology of different polysaccharides of current interest and their production at pilot and large-scale stages by various techniques including, but not limited to, cell and hairy root cultures. Other sections examine factors affecting polysaccharide absorption, metabolism, and excretion in nascent, encapsulated, or conjugated forms, with unique coverage of vaccine absorption, metabolism, and drug delivery. A final section considers analytical methods for detection in tissue fluids and homogenates. Accessible figures, tables, and graphical abstracts are included throughout to support understanding. Specific polysaccharides discussed for therapeutic purposes include cellulose, hyaluronic acid, heparin, carageenan, alginic acid, agar and myrrh, acacia, tragacanth, ghatti gum, chitin, chitosan, starch, glycogen and dextran. - Adopts an interdisciplinary approach across biochemistry, molecular biology, pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery, and biotechnological perspectives - Features accessible figures, tables and graphical abstracts across all chapters to support understanding - Examines various polysaccharides of current interest and aspects affecting their absorption, metabolism, excretion and detection

This book presents numerous uses of biosurfactants as potential alternatives to synthetic surfactants in food, textile, biomedical and therapeutic applications as well as in bioremediation and waste management. Divided into four parts, the book explores a wide range of biosurfactants as sustainable materials, starting with an overview of biosurfactants'production, in which readers will find topics such as characterization, purification, sustainable production, biodegradation, and cytotoxic aspects of biosurfactants. Part 2 presents the latest applications of biosurfactants in food and textile industries, as well as their application in nanoparticle synthesis, heavy metal remediation, drug absorption, waste treatment, agriculture management, marine sediment remediation of organic pollutants, emulsification and biofuel production, and as anti-corrosive agents. Part 3 traces current biomedical applications of biosurfactants, including their use as biocidal, wound healing, and anti-tumour agents. In this part, readers will also discover further applications of biosurfactants in oral cavity care, and biofilm prevention and disruption. The final part of the book discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of biosurfactants over synthetic surfactants, the current challenges in biosurfactant research, and prospects for their commercialization. This book will be a valuable resource for students, scholars and researchers working in the fields of colloidal and interface science, chemistry and chemical engineering. Professionals and scholars alike will appreciate the latest research findings that it presents.

This book provides an overview of functional membranes for efficient ion/molecule transfer and separation. It first presents the design, fabrication, structure, and performance of several kinds of membranes. Then, the application of membrane technology in organic solvent nanofiltration, hydrogen fuel cells, and solid-state lithium batteries is introduced. Furthermore, the book proposes strategies of strengthening the ion/molecular-level separation and transfer process in membrane processes. It also analyzes the development status, existing problems, and optimization methods in the field of membranes and membrane processes. Finally, it highlights the construction strategy of membrane structures, the structure–performance relationships as well as the transfer and separation mechanisms. The target group of this book is academics and researchers in materials science, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, and other related fields.

The 3rd edition of this textbook offers clear explanations of optical spectroscopic phenomena and shows how spectroscopic techniques are used in modern chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics.Topics included are: electronic and vibrational absorption fluorescence symmetry operations and normal-mode calculations electron transfer from excited moleculesenergy transferexciton interactions electronic and vibrational circular dichroismcoherence and dephasingultrafast pump-probe and photon-echo spectroscopy single-molecule and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopyRaman scatteringmultiphoton absorption quantum optics and non-linear opticsentropy changes during photoexcitationelectronic and vibrational Stark effects studies of fast processes in single moleculestwo-dimensional electronic and vibrational spectroscopyThis revised and updated edition provides expanded discussions of laser spectroscopy, crystal symmetry, birefringence, non-linear optics, solar cells and light-emitting diodes. The explanations are sufficiently thorough and detailed to be useful for researchers, graduate students and advanced undergraduates in chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics. They are based on time-dependent quantum mechanics, but are developed from first principles so that they can be understood by readers with little prior training in the field. Additional topics and highlights are presented in special boxes in the text. The book is richly illustrated with color figures throughout. Each chapter ends with a section of questions for self-examination.

The transformation of polysaccharides into valuable compounds for health and industry requires the careful application of enzyme protocols and controlled biocatalysis. Polysaccharide-Degrading Biocatalysts provides a thorough grounding in these biocatalytic processes and their growing role in the depolymerization of polysaccharides, empowering researchers to discover and develop new enzyme-based approaches across pharmaceuticals, fuels, and food engineering. Here, over a dozen leading experts offer a close examination of structural polysaccharides, genetic modification of polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation routes, pretreatments for enzymatic hydrolysis, hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, biomass valorization processes, oligosaccharide production, and enzyme immobilization for the hydrolysis of polysaccharides, among other topics and related research protocols. A final chapter considers perspectives and challenges in an evolving, carbohydrate-based economy. - Describes the role of enzymes in the degradation of polysaccharides to obtain building blocks for biochemical processes - Covers new tools for enzymatic evolution, research protocols, and process strategies contributing to large-scale applications - Explores the use of polysaccharide hydrolysis products in the areas of pharmaceuticals, fuels, and food engineering - Features chapter contributions from international experts

This updated and expanded volume gives new insights on ferroptosis – an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death. The collection of chapters discusses the two major pathways through which ferroptosis can occur: the extrinsic or transporter-dependent pathway and the intrinsic or enzyme-regulated pathway.Readers will gain an understanding of the multiple levels, on which this special cell death is regulated. Hence, the contributions will take a closer look at epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational layers. Among the described regulators and transcription factors are GPX4, ACSL4 and NFE2L2. This edited volume collects reviews related to current knowledge on the integrated molecular machinery of ferroptosis, thereby also describing how dysregulated ferroptosis is involved in human diseases.

This contributed volume brings out a comprehensive collection of changes from cellular to molecular levels in medicinal plants under extreme environments. The focus of this book is to address the molecular changes in medicinal plants under different abiotic stresses. Medicinal plants are regarded as rich resources of components that can be used for drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. A few medicinal plants are considered vital sources of nutrients and solicited for their therapeutic properties. Therefore, it is essential to understand medicinal plants'interaction under abiotic stresses as compounds obtained from these plants play an important role in human health. This book is of interest to students, teachers, researchers, scientists, medicinal plant experts, and policymakers. Also, the book provides study material for undergraduate and graduate students of botany, environmental sciences, medicinal and aromatic plants, biochemistry, and biotechnology. National and international scientists working in the area of medicinal plants, drug development, and policymakers will also find this a useful read