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This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of the key environmental areas and compartments where fragrances have been found and discusses the current challenges of their presence and potential hazards. The book starts with a chapter devoted to the manufacturing and characterization of the most relevant types of fragrances, and their emissions to the environment. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as fragrances'toxic effects on the environment, their major routes of exposure, behaviour, and fate in different environmental matrices. Particular attention is given to ecotoxicological issues and the environmental impact of fragrances in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, marine environments, soils, remote areas, and air. In this book, readers will find valuable insights into the bioaccessibility and availability of synthetic musks in seafood and the corresponding human exposure and health risks. The book also outlines the most promising analytical methods used for fragrance detection and quantification, and it discusses the risks and future trends in this field. Written by a multidisciplinary team of expert contributors, and considering its scope, this book is an essential tool not only for scholars and researchers in academia and industry but also for other stakeholders and decision-makers interested in the field of fragrances and their ecotoxicology, as well as environmental impacts.

This volume discusses the adsorptive profiles of microplastic (MP) pollutants, covering their structural identity, sorption ability and degradation due to photolytic, hydrolytic, mechanical, and other environmental factors. In addition to the quantitation of (MPs) in the environment, the book unveils the deleterious effects on aquatic species and humans due to adsorbed inorganic/organic contaminants on the surface of MPs. The present book finds its uniqueness by presenting in-depth discussions on the interactions and mechanisms of microplastics with organic pollutants, microalgae, and human systems. The interactions and mechanisms between microplastics and microalgae are explored to understand the possible remediation pathways in microplastic contaminated water resources. Students and researchers in the fields of environmental science and engineering, biotechnology, aquaculture, marine technology, and water chemistry can benefit from this book. Furthermore, industries, NGOs and stakeholders dealing with wastewater, solid waste/environmental pollution will find this book useful.

This edited volume covers cutting-edge research on different facets of microplastic pollution at the global level. The book describes different types of microplastics, their sources, transportation, extraction, identification, deleterious effects (on flora and fauna) and various mitigation measures. This book discusses recent advances in microplastic pollution and suggests future research directions to mitigate microplastic at the global level. It constitutes six important sections to report different facets of microplastic pollution. Section 1 deals with microplastic types, sources, uses and transport from land to aquatic environment; Section 2 reports detection, collections, extraction and identification of different types of microplastic from various polluting sites; Section 3 suggests cleaning drives for the removal of microplastic from the polluting sites; Section 4 highlights the impact of microplastic waste on flora and fauna in both terrestrial and aquatic environments; Section 5 enlists various microplastic degradation approaches to mitigate microplastic; and Section 6 discusses recent regulations/policies to minimize microplastic generation, followed by future research directions to mitigate microplastic pollution at global level. This book is of interest and useful to professionals working on microplastic mitigation, environment protection and waste management, NGOs and policymakers.

Microplastics: Transport, Impacts, Monitoring and Mitigation provides a critical analysis of our current understanding of microplastic science, the methods by which microplastic are observed in the environment, and our options for mitigation and remediation. Associated concern for the environment has resulted in substantial interest in the management and mitigation of these persistent and pervasive pollutants. Nevertheless, our progress towards reliable monitoring and successful management has been limited. The book is intended for those studying or working in the fields of environmental science and waste management (as well as associated areas), and provides the holistic context needed to evaluate and interpret the outputs associated with the interlinked problems of plastic and microplastics. In this manner, the reader will be invited to explore the ongoing challenges which have thus far prevented the development of a thorough understanding of the risk posed by plastic and microplastic pollution, to discuss the implications of ongoing uncertainty to effective plastic management, evaluate the current strategies to control the ongoing proliferation of plastic pollution. - Models the issue of microplastic pollution with historic case studies of alternative pollutants - Demonstrates the differing requirements of microplastic monitoring and management - Contains idealized workflows specific to key practitioner groups, the content of which will reflect recent debates and divergences in the field - Emphasizes critical comparison between emerging management measures not apparent in current edited texts which tend to consider individual approaches separately - Places management and remediation methods in the context of the observed scale and impact of associated microplastics in the environment to indicate the potential benefits of each approach

The book elaborates on microplastics as a global concern, prompting the need for comprehensive understanding and effective management. It thoroughly explores the various aspects of microplastics, addressing their detection, separation, and contamination in diverse ecosystems. The introductory chapter highlights the global risks associated with microplastics while presenting the challenges and opportunities in tackling this issue. It focuses on the detection techniques employed to identify microplastics, providing insights into the analytical methods and technologies utilized in their characterization. It delves into the separation techniques used to extract microplastics from complex environmental matrices, aiding in their accurate quantification and analysis. The subsequent chapters examine the presence and impact of microplastics in specific ecosystems, including aquatic and terrestrial. It investigates the prevalence of microplastics in water bodies and their detrimental effects on aquatic organisms and elucidates their distribution, transport, and ecological implications on land-dwelling organisms. The book further explores microplastics'occurrence in foods, cosmetics, and air pollution and associated health hazards. It delves into the lesser-known aspects of microplastics influence on nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide emissions, offering valuable insights into their impact on biogeochemical processes. It discusses microplastics environmental risks and hazards, covering the ecological, biodiversity, and ecosystem-level impacts caused by these persistent pollutants. The concluding chapters focus on sustainable management strategies for mitigating and controlling microplastics proliferation and associated risks. This book provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach for understanding and addressing the challenges posed by microplastics. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, environmentalists, and anyone concerned about the impact of microplastics on planet. This book aims to foster sustainable management practices and contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment by unraveling microplastics complexities.

This new volume addresses the global concern of environmental pollution mediated by a variety of organic, inorganic, persistent, and nonpersistent pollutants, which have a substantial detrimental impact on the structural and functional aspects of ecosystems. The book presents some important and recent nanotechnological advances that provide significant potential for decontamination of many polluted sites. It first provides the introductory background of nanoremediation and then delves into applications for the restoration of environmental sites that have been contaminated with a diverse range of pollutants, such as heavy metal, pesticides, and dyes in soil and water. This volume improves our knowledge of nanotechnology-based remediation to make it less hazardous and reusable. It provides valuable information on the decontamination of the soil and water resources.

Textile materials shed microfibres during different phases of their life cycle. While much attention has been paid to the impact of microplastics on the environment, there has been less focus on the impact of microfibre pollution, which also poses a serious environmental threat. Microfibre Pollution from Textiles: Research Advances and Mitigation Strategies shines a light on the hidden effects of textile microfibre pollution and examines its generation in manufacturing, use including laundering, and disposal. It details advancements and gaps in the quantification and characterization techniques that are emerging in the growing field of study of microfibre pollution in textile technology.The book Examines the contributions of the textile and fashion industries to microfibre pollution, from production to disposal Reviews recently developed methods and technological advancements in the identification and quantification of microfibres from textiles Addresses emerging sustainable mitigation strategies and sustainable textile production methods that can potentially reduce or eliminate microfibre shedding Details the state-of-the-art on existing regulations and standards and provides scope for future research in the area of standard development By bridging the gap between environmental and textile studies, this book is aimed at researchers and advanced students in textile and environmental science and engineering.

The present book, Bioremediation for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup, has a compilation of seventeen chapters comprehensively describing the state-of-the-art on emerging bioremediation approaches employed for sustainable environmental clean-up of diverse environmental pollutants such as metal(loid)s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, etc., by using bacteria, fungi, algae, higher plants, and novel materials like biohybrids, nano-biomaterials, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). Different bioremediation strategies such as biosorption, bioprecipitation, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, biotransformation etc. have been described in detail. The emphasis throughout, however, is on sustainable environmental clean-up. Eminent researchers from various countries located in diverse geographical areas, including Argentina, Canada, Germany, India, Pakistan, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, have contributed towards the chapters of this book.

This edited volumes contains overviews and case studies of land and water contamination and remediation from international scholars, most from developing countries. ​Contaminated land contains substances that are actually or potentially hazardous to health or the environment. Areas with a long history of industrial production are known as brownfield land. Land contamination can result from a variety of intended, accidental, or naturally occurring activities and events such as manufacturing, mineral extraction, abandonment of mines, national defense activities, waste disposal, accidental spills, illegal dumping, leaking underground storage tanks, hurricanes, floods, pesticide use, and fertilizer application. Chemical contamination of land has degraded this important ecosystem quality. This book provides our current understanding of land pollution and water pollution in areas such as estuaries. Topics presented include major types of pollutants in contaminated land ecosystem; factors affecting the fate of pollutants in contaminated land; biomonitoring approaches to assess the contaminated land health, and chemicals impact on human health, land microbial diversity and climate change. The book further explores persistent organic pollutants, arsenic and heavy metals pollution of contaminated land and their impact on rice quality. The last chapters focus on the sustainable management and treatment of contaminated land and water.

This book presents an update on the state of the art in nanobiology and various nanoparticle synthesis and characterization methods. Further, the application of nanomaterials in agriculture (nanobiofertilizers and nanobiopesticides), environmental remediation (bio-nanoaugmentation), and public health (diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery) is also a key area of this book. This book serves as a roadmap for researchers to fill various gaps by designing and organizing future research. It offers a crucial reference for academic researchers in nanotechnology, medicine, material science, toxicology, agriculture, environmental science, and biomedical science.

This book discusses the latest information and advancements on all aspects of sustainable sludge management including treatment, characterization, stabilization, digestion, thickening, dewatering, thermal processing, utilization, valorization production of usable materials, and disposal, with associated pros and cons addressed. It provides an up-to-date resource on industrial sludge generation in various industries, its disposal and treatment by various modern treatment approaches, its physico-chemical and microbiological characterization, as well as legislation, risk assessment, and methodological aspects related to its characterization. Past and recent trends in industrial sludge handling are covered to understand and overcome the environmental risks posed by industrial sludge, with a focus on the brick and agrochemical industries and how to implement sustainable sludge managements practices in these industries. The book is intended for environmental engineers, chemical engineers,soil scientists, and policymakers, and will be of interest to students and researchers of environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, and chemical engineering.

Emerging contaminants include an extensive array of synthetic chemicals in global use, such as plastic additives, microplastics, water disinfection byproducts, pharmaceuticals, man-made nanomaterials, and UV-filters. Because of their extensive use in anthropogenic activities, these chemicals are entering the environment at alarming levels as hazardous wastes and non-biodegradable substances. This book emphasizes on the comprehensive information on emerging contaminants overview, environmental occurrence, analysis, risk assessment and toxicity assessment. Environmental, legal, health concerns of the ECs have also been covered in this book. The book also features an updated status from the industrial point of view.

This book comprehensively assesses the management of micro and nano-plastics in contaminated soil and biosolids, highlighting recent techniques and technologies that facilitate their environmental remediation. It provides up-to-date information on the fate, occurrence, monitoring, and transport of micro and nano-plastics in the environment, aiming to determine their detrimental impact on environmental health. The book also explores how risk factors associated with these particles can be identified and mitigated through sustainable means. Micro and nano-plastic contamination is analyzed in various contexts, including agricultural soil systems, urban areas, and wastewater. Special attention is given to the mechanisms of recent decontamination strategies, such as microbial and enzyme-assisted degradation and biochar. The intended audience for this book includes students, researchers, professionals in the urban municipal wastewater treatment sector, waste management and industrial practitioners, as well as policymakers.

For decades an increasingly rapid urbanization pace, modern industrial development, and constantly intensive agricultural practices have caused controlled or uncontrolled release of hazardous contaminants that seriously threaten our environment. All natural spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and anthroposphere) seem to have been exposed to harmful practices and emerging research in nanomaterials is now trying to combat their adverse impact on physical ecosystems and organisms, as well as human health. In this context, pollution remediation at the nanoscale has come to the forefront for its potential to unlock sustainable, highly efficient, and cost-effective technologies, capable to restore in situ or ex situ land, water, and air resources. Nanotechnology to Monitor, Remedy, and Prevent Pollution covers design, fabrication, and extensive applications of engineered nanostructured materials in various shapes and morphologies (such as nanoparticles, wires, tubes, fibres) that, because of their size, surface-to-volume ratio, and high reactivity, function as catalysts and adsorbents of organic pollutants (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons), gases, chemicals (arsenic, manganese, iron, nitrate, heavy metals), antibiotics, and biological entities (bacteria, viruses, parasites). Their integration with biotechnological processes for monitoring and prevention of pollution is also explored alongside the invisible dangers caused by noise. This is a valuable book for academics, researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students working on environmental engineering for sustainability, environmental sciences, biotechnology, and nanotechnology.? - Comprehensively presents applications of state-of-the-art nanotechnologies and nanomaterials for control, prevention, and removal of persistent air, water, and soil pollutants. - Provides a new benchmark for pros and cons of established processes for nano remediation, revealing the importance of such research beyond national boundaries and policies. - Classifies noise as a contaminant and discusses how its real impacts on human and animal life can be limited through impedance-matching nanotechnology.

This volume highlights cutting-edge research on Zero waste management and the associated effects of waste on the environment. Predominantly, it focuses on the challenges of dealing with the amassed production of waste and the cumulative impact of increasing waste on the biosphere. Different sections of this book focus on the comprehensive overview of the technological advancements driving the Zero Waste movement. Furthermore, it explores innovations in waste reduction, recycling, and repurposing, from a global perspective, examining the diverse cultural, social, and economic factors influencing the adoption of zero waste strategies worldwide. In addition, it discusses the challenges, and opportunities inherent in promoting a unified global effort toward sustainable resource management. Discover the latest breakthroughs in waste reduction, recycling, and resource optimization. This essential guide empowers you to implement practical, innovative solutions for a greener future. Whether abusiness owner, environmental enthusiast, or simply curious about sustainable living, this book is a roadmap to a cleaner and healthier planet.

This book brings together various topics of nanomaterials in various industrial applications to promote sustainable development practices. The first part of the book describes green nanotechnology for clean energy and environmental sustainability, which includes heavy metal detoxification from water, wastewater remediation, dye degradation, and bioremediation. The second part of the book covers sustainable biomedical applications of nanomaterials such as antibacterial activity and drug delivery systems, which includes the toxicological as well as the antibacterial impacts that nanoparticles have on microorganisms. The subsequent chapters discuss the roles of nanomaterials for sustainability in agriculture, crop protection, plant disease management, food technology (increasing the efficiency of the food industry), and the textile industry. The book caters to researchers and scientists who are interested in the utilization of nanomaterials to enhance sustainable industrial practices.

'Nanotechnology for Environmental Management'is your gateway to the latest advancements in environmental science and technology. Edited by leading international scientists, this book delves into the diverse approaches and applications of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, offering insights into their potential for environmental remediation, energy management, and sustainable development. Each chapter showcases cutting-edge innovations, making this book an essential reference for students, researchers, scientists, technicians, and professionals in environmental management and regulation.Explore the promises and challenges of nanotechnology in addressing environmental issues, and gain valuable perspectives on the future of sustainable development. With its thorough examination of state-of-the-art nanotechnological solutions,'Nanotechnology for Environmental Management'is your indispensable guide to navigating the complexities of environmental science and technology.

This book presents microplastics pollution in land and water bodies, their hazardous effects, characterization approaches, and suitable means of utilizing advanced treatment options to solve the problem. It is mainly understood that microplastic pollutants are associated with water bodies, however there also exists soil contamination and their interaction with the food web. The discussions related to strategies and policies for the management of microplastics are very limited. This book not only narrows microplastic pollution in marine or fresh water bodies, but also takes into account the terrestrial environment, including the toxicity effects, characterization aspects and treatment approaches. The main feature of the book includes latest research related to microplastics pollution, examining the different health effects including environmental (related) issues and highlights the advances in treatment approaches. The book serves as a guide with an up-to-date information on microplastics related problems, useful for students, researchers, professionals/environmentalists and also as a reference for policy makers.

This book summarizes the latest understanding of the impact of xenobiotics on the developmental and reproductive processes of aquatic animals, particularly nektonic forms, which comprise an important group of aquatic ecosystems. Aquaculture is quickly becoming the largest contributor of fish protein for human consumption. As the aquaculture business expands, farmed fish will be exposed to more environmental toxins, necessitating the use of chemical therapeutic drugs for fish. This book brings together experts on the regulation of environmental toxins and food chemicals from around the world, as well as researchers looking into the metabolism and disposal of foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) in fish species. The impact of xenobiotics on reproductive and developmental biology of all living forms has become of prime importance at the current time. As the effect of these xenobiotics on aquatic animals is an emerging area for research and development, several groups across the world are working on these aspects, targeting different groups of fishes in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. This collective work highlights several key and updated recent aspects of different types of xenobiotics entering aquatic ecosystems, impacts of these agents on reproductive physiology, developmental biology, breeding biology, hormonal imbalance, aquatic ecology, and pollution on the aquatic ecosystem. The unique aggregation of different types of stressors to aquatic animals under a single volume will be a useful reference for readers, including scientists, teachers, students, researchers and policymakers and those involved in aquaculture and environment conservation.

This book focuses on green nanoremediation addressing aspects related to the use of nanomaterials generated through green synthesis protocols to efficiently restore polluted environs. Nanomaterials'characteristics such as large surface area, capacity to easily reach into contaminated sites, good reactivity, and possibility of being developed to present photocatalytic activity and/or to deal with targeted substances by chemical surface modification are useful specially to perform remediation. As an alternative to conventional physicochemical methods, the green-based synthesis protocols reject the use of harmful reagents, prevent waste production, apply renewable energy source and/or materials, and consider in first place offering the smallest negative impact possible to living beings and to the ecosystem. Green synthesis in nanotechnology field involves the use of seaweeds, bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeasts, fungi, plants (living ones, biomass, extracts) and/or bio-derived products to generate the nanomaterials. The introductory chapter will be dedicated to nanomaterials'characteristics that enable them to be used in environmental remediation. The first part of the book will be dedicated to organic and inorganic pollution and the threats they pose to living forms; advantages, disadvantages and mechanisms of nanoremediation; comparison between conventional strategies of environmental pollution remediation and the green nanoremediation; carbon-based and non-carbon-based green nanomaterials capable of promoting environs'remediation; cost/benefits of using nanomaterials and nanoinformatics to a safe nanotechnology. The second part will be dedicated to green nanoremediation of water and soil, microbe-based, algae-based and plant-based synthesis of nanomaterials to nanoremediation. This part will also contain chapters dedicated to relevant nanomaterials for green nanoremediation protocols, nano-phytoremediation strategies, strategies to evaluate the efficiency of protocols related to this kind of remediation, main interactions of green nanomaterials and microbes during nanoremediation and, as a consequence of it, biocompatibility of green nanomaterials. This book's main purpose is to offer readers extensive knowledge on green nanoremediation as a feasible strategy to fight pollution's harmful consequences and clean environmental pollution, but also present the challenges that should be surpassed.

This contributed volume gives a state-of-the-art overview of microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs) in soils and their relationship with growing plants. Through chapters contributed by a wide variety of researchers, the book offers readers an understanding of MP and NP adsorption, uptake, and effects, as well as implications for trophic transmission, food safety, and security. Cutting-edge topics such as trophic transfer and remediation of MPs and NPs in soil samples are also addressed. The book begins with a primer on terrestrial MPs and NPs, their effects on terrestrial plants, and how these contaminants affect human populations. From there, the volume is split into four sections which address both problems caused by MPs and NPs in soil and potential remediation solutions. The first section deals with the mechanics of how MPs and NPs pollute soils and how toxic chemicals affect the soil profile and its flora, fauna and microbes. The second section of the book discusses trophic transfer of MPs and NPs from roots to shoot, shoot to leaves, and then to fruits. The third section details the threats to humans that are present as a result of MPs and NPs in soils. The fourth and last section gives covers bioremediation techniques that can be employed in order to reclaim polluted soils.

The book is unique in highlighting the issue of wastewater as one of the important environmental issues. The uniqueness also lies in exploring the concepts of converting waste into resources in the form of bioenergy, biofertilizers through various biological methods. Given the international scenario, the chapters of this book are designed to include both anaerobic and aerobic methods of resource recovery from the industrial wastewater. The book is a step toward design with nature and the concept of green chemistry.Waste menace is one of the most voiced and unsolved problems in the entire world. The whole world is facing the threat of water pollution, soil pollution/ land pollution, odour pollution from the growing waste. Though we find many missions and programs at international, national, and regional level to solve the waste associated issues, this is mostly in context with the solid fraction of the waste. Very little is being done to manage the liquid part of the waste orwhat we call the wastewater.The conversion of wastewater has the potential to be converted to energy in the form bioenergy, bio-fertilizers, electricity, nutrient recovery, etc. The use of sludge as biofertilizers solves the problem of sludge management on the one hand and production of organic crops on the other. The biological treatment methods like sludge treatment gives the farmers the source of biofertilizers and organic manure for the plants. In the present scenario, energy crisis is also one of the issues that we are facing particularly in context with the thermal power plants which are environmentally highly polluting. Through various techniques like microbial fuel cells or biohydrogen, we get a source of cleaner energy. So, through this book, we try to produce the content and information to give the audience an understanding of the waste water as one of the environmental and health issues and mitigation strategies. The book gives a sufficient understanding of how wastecan be turned into a resource.

This book helps the readers get a holistic understanding of the emergence of biochar-nanocomposite research. The low and long-term exposure of persistent hazardous pollutants in environment is well known for damaging the water, soil, sediments, and living biota. Thus, it is a crucial step to eliminate these pollutants from environment regimes to prevent the on-site destruction or the transfer into the food chain. Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material generated through pyrolysis of biomass, and currently, it is covering the hotspot in environmental management of pollutants. It is being utilized for the efficient immobilization and sorption of organic pollutants, heavy metals, dyes, improvement of soil redox conditions, aggregate stabilization, photocatalytic degradation, and for carbon sequestration. The fascinating properties like surface area, porous structures, functional groups, and mineral components turn it into suitable candidate for the removal of various class of pollutants from environmental matrices. Different reactions like sorption, reduction, precipitation, solidification, and degradation are mainly responsible for the effective cleaning of xenobiotics from environment through biochar application. However, rapidly evolving contaminants in the environment have made the remediation more complex, expensive, and challenging. In view of these aspects, the modification of biochar through the doping of nanometals/metal oxides/surfactants/ or chemical entities will result in modified biochar with high surface area, more functional entities, improved physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics with more adsorptive sites. Inclusion of these exclusive properties can be done through magnetic modification, impregnation of nanometals/ metal oxides/surfactants, amination, acid/base reactions, steam activation, etc. The resulted biochar-based nanocomposites have demonstrated a vital role in remediation of persistent organic pollutants, radionuclei, and heavy metals through the various interaction mechanisms like surface complexation, π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, Fenton process, and photocatalytic degradation. Currently, advanced research work has been carried out for the designing of modified composites of biochar to achieve maximum removal efficiency, reusability, biotoxicity, and sustainability. Hence, for selective removal of pollutants through designed biochar surface with the focused experimentation toward optimization of feedstocks, process variables, appropriate impregnation of nanomaterials, interaction with secondary pollutants, physical environment, longevity, and regeneration will definitely pave the way for safe and commercial application of biochar-based nanocomposites.

This book identifies emerging technologies that allow the reuse and regeneration of industrial wastewater with innovative and applied approaches throughout the wastewater treatment cycle. Today, it is increasingly clear that treated urban wastewater, whose reuse has become an important component of long-term water management worldwide, is a key source of chemical pollutants and emerging biological concerns. Current water-quality guidelines for reclaimed wastewater predominantly address the risks associated with the presence of microbial organisms and chemical parameters such as biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, E. coli and worms, and in some cases heavy metals; however, they are insufficient for the full evaluation of risks. The global growth of population is concentrated in urban areas; therefore, most of the challenges and solutions related to wastewater reside in urban treatment plants. Unless wastewater management and wastewater governance processesare significantly improved within a decade, it is likely that our societies will face severe and prolonged water insecurity and urban floods.The application of sustainable technologies can eliminate or minimize micro-contaminants in wastewater. Several organizations focus on the potential impacts to humans and their environments by wastewater reuse. This book gathers new research and reviews work from researchers and scientists to identify the main barriers and limitations that will need to be overcome, so that wastewater reuse strategies gain more momentum and will be adopted more efficiently worldwide.The book is designed for engineers, scientists, and other professionals who are seeking an excellent introduction to and basic knowledge of the principles of environmental bioremediation technologies.

Emerging technologies in wastewater treatment plant is an ecological, profitable and natural technology designed to eliminate heavy metals, radionuclides, xenobiotic compounds, organic waste, pesticides, etc. from contaminated sites or industrial downloads through biological means. Since this technology is used in conditions on site, it does not physically disturb the site unlike conventional methods, that is, chemical or mechanical methods. In this technology, higher plants or microbes are used alone or in combination for the phytoextraction of heavy metals from sites contaminated with metals. Through microbial interventions, metals are immobilized or mobilized through redox conversions in contaminated sites. If they are mobilized, accumulating metal plants are placed to accumulate metals in their bodies. Next, metal-loaded plants are collected and recycled to reduce the volume of waste and then, disposed of as hazardous materials or used for the recovery of precious metals, if possible. In case of immobilization, metals are no longer available to be toxic to organisms. There are very few books published on the proposed theme. A good number of books have been published on environmental bioremediation, but the proposed book is a new and an innovative proposal specifically in wastewater treatment. Looking into the importance of emerging technologies in wastewater treatment research, the book will have a high and applicable value in industrial wastewater treatment research.Features: The book highlights the importance of emerging technologies in the wastewater treatment plant to clean up the environment from pollution caused by human activities. It assesses the potential application of several existing bioremediation techniques and introduces new emerging technologies. It is an updated vision of the existing emerging technologies in environmental bioremediation strategies with their limitations and challenges and their potential application to remove environmental pollutants. It also introduces the new trends and advances in environmental bioremediation with a thorough discussion of recent developments in this field. Highlights the importance of bioremediation to deal with the ever-increasing number of environmental pollutants.

The book covers the chemistry of various nanosponges, as well as the methods for synthesizing them and altering them chemically, as well as their characterization and uses in environmental remediation. Sensors, adaptable materials for oil clean-up in the sea, the removal of dangerous organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater, the adsorption of various poisonous and greenhouse gases from the air, and more are just a few of the environmental uses for nanosponges. This book aims to provide broad coverage of recent research progress or up-to-date knowledge addressing various aspects in this field. With this book, we aim to provide the readers with the opportunity to learn about different facets of environmental remediation using nanosponges. Thus, this book scrutinizes the state-of-the-art research and discovery in the use of nanosponges in environmental applications, highlighting the scope to which these novel materials have been incorporated by the community. Beyond bestowing asummary of recent research by major groups in the field, the book presents the approaches behind recent developments, providing a long-lasting situation for experienced researchers and novices in the field. This book also emphasizes the challenges with previous signs of progress and way for further research, details relating to the current pioneering technology, and future perspectives with a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, it presents up-to-date information on the economics, toxicity, and regulations related to these novel materials. This book is of interest to those in environmental science and applications, particularly graduate students, young faculty, and others exploring nanosponges.

The Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology presents sustainable and green technologies for the development of products and processes which are environmental friendly, economically sustainable, safe, energy-efficient, decrease waste and diminish greenhouse gas emissions. It provides the overall spectrum of fundamentals, development and applications of sustainable and green technologies. Topics such as legal, health and safety issues are discussed as well. The book elucidates paths to real time utilization of green and sustainable nanotechnology at commercial scale.

This second edition of Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments: An Emerging Matter of Environmental Urgency presents 14 chapters, through which a team of global, expert contributors cover a full range of microplastic research. The first chapter describes the general patterns for sources, occurrence, and transport of microplastics to lead off the book. The next batch of chapters covers sampling analytical methods for quantifying microplastics in the environment, followed by chapters addressing the association of chemicals with microplastics. A large cluster of chapters focus on the fate and transport of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, freshwater systems, marine environment, terrestrial settings, and riverine runoff that connects terrestrial and marine systems. The next few chapters examine biotransport and effects of microplastics in organisms. The last two chapters are dedicated to two emerging research areas: nanoplastics in the environment and management strategies for global plastic pollution. Outlooks for future research to better understand the situation and further improvements of microplastic research are also covered. In the 6 years since the previous edition published, this fast-moving area has evolved, and the contents of this revision reflect that. There are numerous brand-new chapters, chapters that have been revised, and chapters that have been completely refocused. This book provides an overview of microplastics research. It is a guide for researchers to better understand the occurrence of microplastics. Ideally, this book provides basic background knowledge of microplastics for oceanographers, ecologists, and climatologists. - Provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for sampling, identification, and enumeration of microplastics - Contains contributions from world experts with a diverse range of backgrounds, all brought together by a well-known, experienced editor - Presents information on microplastics in a unified place, with easy access for the reader

Contaminants of emerging concern in the marine environment: current challenges in marine pollution reviews the available data in relation to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the marine environment: main sources, transport pathways, distribution in seawater and sediments, bioaccumulation, and biological effects. Each chapter recaps the most relevant information about the main groups of CECs, describing the particularities and specificities of each group and focusing on the most relevant individual contaminants. CECs are not regulated substances, and therefore not considered in national and international monitoring programs, even though they may have a potential impact on the environment due to their continuous input, relative persistence, and/or toxicity. CECs are relevant not only in continental and coastal areas close to their main sources, but also in the open sea, because some of them are likely to be transported long distances through air deposition or absorbed into particulate material. The persistence of many degradable substances in the marine environment increases when they are absorbed into particulate material/sediments and/or when they are subjected to anaerobic conditions that slow down the degradation kinetic of many contaminants. Bioaccumulation of several CECs has been confirmed in different coastal organisms; however, in general, the information available (species and trophic levels considered) is very limited because most studies are mainly focused on specific coastal areas. This book offers useful information about not regulated contaminants that are not considered in international monitoring programs but have potential impacts in coastal and open-sea areas. Therefore reading the book will allow them to improve their view about the real impact of current-use contaminants in the marine environment. - Presents a comprehensive view of the most relevant groups of CECs - Includes an overview of each group of CECs, including uses, properties, analysis, distribution, bioaccumulation, and effects - Provides information on all environmental compartments and marine areas (coast, continental shelf, and open sea)

This two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of modern nanoscience, and encompasses advanced techniques of nanocomposite materials that make their way from the laboratory to the field for the revival of energy and environmental systems in a sustainable manner. It includes the design and the sophisticated fabrication of nanomaterials along with their potential energy and environmental applications, while looking at how nanoscience and nanotechnology can be used to promote environmentally friendly processes and strategies. The books'purpose is to promote eco-friendly methods and techniques by covering many elements of both the synthesis and uses of nanoparticles and nanofluids for energy and environmental engineering. They provide an up-to-date synthesis of nanocomposite materials for modern nanotechnology applications in the fields of environment protection, heterogeneous catalysis, wastewater treatment, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion, and storage applications. The set is designed for environmental scientists, nanotechnologists, chemists, engineers, and individuals seeking current research on nanotechnology and its applications in environmental engineering. Graduate students working in these fields will also find it a valuable resource. Volume 2 focuses on toxicological assessment, negative impacts of nanomaterials, green synthesis, energy conversion, and storage applications.

Spatial Modeling of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Risk provides valuable information and insights for researchers, students and professionals in geography, hydrology, sedimentology, soil science, agriculture, engineering and GIS as they face increasingly complex challenges around development strategies for a sustainable society. Written by the world's leading researchers in their field, each article will begin with a short introductory essay that includes an overview of the sections'papers. Individual chapters focus on the core themes of research and knowledge and some topics that have received lesser attention. Each chapter will review the current understanding of knowledge regarding the present study and scope and consider where future efforts should be directed. - Discusses issues at the forefront of present research in environmental science, bioscience, ecology, pedogeomorphology, landscape, geoscience, forestry, hydrology and GIS - Explores state-of-art techniques based on methodological and modeling in modern Deep learning and Machine learning geospatial techniques through case studies - Describes novel control strategies, remediation and eco-restoration, and conservation techniques for sustainable development

This book is a compendium of knowledge about nanomaterials and strategies for bioremediation over hazardous environmental pollutants. The book is divided into 2 sections. Section 1 deals with the polluted environment, where it explains that soil is in serious danger and highlights the primary hazardous pollutants. Besides, this section covers algae, autochthonous, introduced, or genetically modified organisms that are used to degrade hazardous contaminants. In Section 2, Bio- and Nanoremediation are shown through synthesis, green synthesis and molecular farming, and their applications or impacts. Moreover, this discusses bio- and nano-remediation, working together for better performance, organisms, and nanomaterials for environmental remediation.

Plastic pollution is a growing environmental problem that is attracting increasing interest across society, from academics to the general public. A significant factor in the wide public interest in plastics is its visibility; present throughout urban and rural environments, washing up on beaches and even visible from space. However,'invisible'microplastics and nanoplastics are also an issue. With growing plastic production and usage, plastic waste within the environment will continue to increase. This increased input along with its persistence leads to accumulation and increasing ecosystem exposure, with as-yet unknown consequences.This book brings together a collection of chapters written by world-leading experts in environmental plastic pollution inputs, fate, effects and solutions. It provides an accessible overview of the current scientific understanding, future implications and key considerations for the management and mitigation of plastic waste within the global ocean.Related Link(s)

This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation, etc., are all important direct and indirect factors governing the fate, transport and biotic and abiotic processing of plastic particles across ecosystem types. Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle. Changes in species size, distribution, habitat, and food web complexity, due to global environmental change, will likely alter trophic transfer dynamics and the ecological effects of nano- and microplastics. The fate and transport dynamics of plastic particles are influenced by their size, form, shape, polymer type, additives, and overall ecosystem conditions. In addition to the risks that plastics pose to the total environment, the potential impacts on human health and exposure routes, including seafood consumption, and air and drinking water need to be assessed in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. Here I present a holistic and interdisciplinary book volume designed to advance the understanding of plastic cycling in the environment with an emphasis on sources, fate and transport, ecotoxicology, climate change effects, food security, microbiology, sustainability, human exposure and public policy.

This book presents information on the origin and distribution of microplastics, evaluates the methods of their detection, documents their interactions with natural systems, and analyzes the current understanding of their management. Owing to the size, varied compositions, pathways of transport, accumulation and myriad processes of interactions with ecosystems, the microplastics pose severe threats to ecosystem services and natural environmental systems. Therefore, the environmental challenges that microplastics present and the strategies to mitigate their harmful impacts are of great importance to the scientific community, and only a few publications exist that collate this information in a single resource. The book aims to be a comprehensive resource for students, professionals and practitioners of environmental studies on microplastics and how to better understand the threats they pose and the practices to manage them.

The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. It encompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume is dedicated to SDG 14 “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development'. Marine and coastal bio-resources, play an essential role in human well-being and social and economic development. This volume addresses this sustainability challenge providing the description of a range of terms, which allows a better understanding and fosters knowledge about it.Concretely, the defined targets are:Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollutionSustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceansMinimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levelsEffectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristicsConserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific informationProhibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation 16Increase the economic benefits to small island developing states and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing states and least developed countriesProvide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and marketsEnhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in pa

This book examines the critical issue of environmental pollutants produced by the textiles industry.Comprised of contributions from environmental scientists and materials and textiles scientists, this edited volume addresses the environmental impact of microplastics, with a particular focus on microfibres released by textiles into marine and freshwater environments. The chapters in Part I offer environmental perspectives focusing on the measurement of microplastics in the environment, their ingestion by small plankton and larger filter feeders, the effects of consuming microplastics, and the role of microplastics as a vector for transferring toxic contaminants in food webs. Written by environmental and material scientists, the chapters in Part II present potential solutions to the problem of microplastics released from textiles, discussing parameters of influence, water treatment, degradation in aquatic environments, textile end-of-life management, textile manufacturing and laundry, and possible policy measures. This is a much needed volume which brings together in one place environmental research with technical solutions in order to provide a cohesive and practical approach to mitigating and preventing environmental pollution from the textiles industry going forward.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental conservation and management, environmental pollution and environmental chemistry and toxicology, sustainability, as well as students and scholars of material and textiles science, textile engineering and sustainable manufacturing.

This reference work presents an authoritative review of microplastics as vectors of environmental contaminants and provides a comprehensive coverage of their ecotoxicological and toxicological effects. Divided into four sections, this book outlines the current analytical techniques and applications for sampling, processing analysis, and data reporting of microplastics pollution in the environment, explores microplastics degradation and interaction with chemical pollutants, discusses the fate and behaviour of microplastics in the environment, and provides valuable insights about prevention, regulation and remediation of microplastics pollution. Written by interdisciplinary expert academics and practitioners, this reference work will appeal to a wide readership of students, researchers and professionals interested in this field, including marine scientists, environmental scientists, analytical chemists, organic chemists, biochemists, biologists, polymer scientists, and toxicologists.

This volume addresses the situation of water and wastewater management from a global angle, underpinned by selected case studies. Without doubt, water and wastewater management are among the greatest challenges of our century, and there is also no doubt that the challenges posed by climate change will become even greater. However, most efforts, especially in developing countries but also in the so-called developed countries, have been less than optimal or not optimal at all. In particular, there are still too many people who have to live without clean water and decent sanitation. Today, 2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water and wastewater, and 4.2 billion people lack safely managed sanitation services. The question, why this is so and why in many cases in developing countries, is discussed in this book among other urgent water and wastewater management issues.The publication of this book is the start of a book series that inmore detail critically reviews, discusses, and analyzes the water and wastewater situation and management in different regions and countries worldwide.

This volume discusses the growing issue of global environmental microplastic pollution resulting from the industrial manufacturing of everyday products. The book focuses on the emergence of microplastic pollution, types, sources, fate, dynamic trends in the environment, occurrence in different environmental settings, toxicity, risk assessment, and prevention strategies. The authors provide a detailed explanation and provision of the techniques used for the detection, separation, and identification of microplastics for use by industry workers and scientists, along with policy recommendations for legislative bodies to reduce the spread and impact of harmful microplastics. The book will be of use to students, teachers, researchers, policy makers, and environmental organizations.

Earth Systems Protection and Sustainability qualifies imperatives and discusses the use of mathematical approaches to assess and achieve sustainability in threatened and vulnerable Earth systems globally. Mathematical advances in this context include both operational and Boolean methods, as well as linguistic, logic-based Bayesian approaches and generative mathematics relevant to scenario formation. The mathematic methods are refined into functional areas and deeper learning, which enable the use of searching algorithms to achieve optimal solutions for the circular nature and application of sustainability. Pertinent sections and synergistic elements are covered in order to synthesize key informative nodes, advising of the very real dangers facing planet Earth and its biodiversity. Each volume stands in its own right. Analytical and scientific chapters are blended with social resilience and socio-economic development consideration, thus enabling the settings of sustainability within varying scenarios of climatic forces and species dynamics.Volume 1 focuses on ground-breaking evolutionary expansion assisting with life's continuation on Earth, sustainable management of pathogens and halophyte uses in agroecology, bioremediation methods in drilling waste management, conservation and sustainability of diversity, climate change mitigation strategies, displacement management in a large scale ongoing crisis, risk reduction and management policy, sustainably intelligent-driven markets, sustainability consensus in an uncertain environment and path planning in static and dynamic environments. Pictorial contributions made from across the world refine particularly urgent problems for attention, and provide solutions and methods of environmental sustainability operated in communities, complementing the descriptive chapter sections. Both volumes are targeted for a global audience of academic, professional, classroom, governmental, unit and community members, and seek to include all sectors to ensure ongoing and comprehensive Earth Systems Protection.

This volume presents eight chapters reviewing advances in environmental research. The first chapter provides an overview of effects of microplastic pollution in the environment. Chapter two analyzes the population dynamics and community structure of aquatic organisms in freshwater ecosystems, looking at multiple important variables. The third chapter discusses the sources, properties, and ecological applications of calcium sulfates. Chapter four reviews the bounce back of nature during the COVID-19 pandemic. The fifth chapter looks into issues of soil water repellency and moisture dynamics in eucalyptus tree populations. Chapter six examines rheological properties and antioxidantactivity of polysaccharides extracted from five cystoseira algae. Chapter seven reviews research on the synergistic effects of calcium sulfate and silica on arsenic mobility and accumulation by cultivated plants. The final chapter discusses a study of novel fibrousion-exchange sorbents for pretreatment processes in the nanofiltration for water treatment.

Environmental pollution emanating from rapid industrialization, population growth, and urbanization has been considered a major problem in recent years that affects biodiversity, ecosystems, and human health by contaminating soil and water. This book brings out a comprehensive collection of information on valuable insights into different cutting-edge omics technologies, such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics, along with advanced next-generation sequencing technologies as well as bioinformatic tools, which led to a better understanding of microbial communities and their adaptability to a wide range of contaminants and underlying their mechanisms in bioremediation and biodegradation of environmental pollutants. In addition, this edited volume provides critical insight into of potent microbial communities endowed with unique functional attributes through their unique metabolism catalyzed by ‘signature'enzymes and degradation pathways. Step-by-step descriptions are provided of various microbial metabolic pathways of degradation and biotransformation of environmental contaminants by numerous illustrations which make the information easier to understand for the readers. Each chapter is devoted to selected examples of microbial bioremediation supported by tables, and an extensive list of references for readers interested in learning further details about the subject matter. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers to professionals, policymakers, stockholders, practitioners, environmental engineers, soil scientists, and policymakers. In addition, the book serves as additional comprehensive material for undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students who require a working knowledge and knowhow of ‘Omics'involved in and required for environmental remediation of legacy and emerging contaminants, will also find this to be a useful read.

The increased demand due to anthropogenic activity leads to emerging contaminants, resulting in a substantial environmental hazard. The long-term presence and exposure of contaminants lead to severe negative impacts on the environment, humans, and other life forms. Hence, emerging contaminants in the environment is a worldwide concern, and new technologies to mitigate these contaminants are being developed. This book covers the source, occurrence, toxicity, and detection techniques of a wide range of emerging contaminants. This collection also discusses the scope and applications of diverse techniques, including Bio/Phyto and Nano-remediation technologies, to mitigate the emerging contaminants; along with their sustainability issue and prospects. As a result, this book appears to provide insight into several modern and environmentally friendly waste management options, the possibility to minimize and lessen the effects of contaminants, and striving to lower toxicological endpoints to assure environmental safety. This book delivers the most recent advancements by prominent specialists in environmental sciences to academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the identification and eradication of emerging pollutants from the environment.

This book highlights plastic pollution, especially microplastics, and the consequences on the environment and on the human diet through food chain/web transmission and contamination through processing and packaging of various human food items including water and beverages. This book provides a detailed outlook on the microplastics, their origin, distribution, categories, presence in human food items and their impact on the ecosystem, organisms and so forth. It covers updated information on microplastic contamination in the biotic and abiotic products of the sea/ocean, the contamination of microplastics in drinking water/bottled water, honey, sugar and so forth.Features: Discusses the presence of microplastics in matrices prone to human consumption Includes general information on microplastics, their origin, types, shapes, size and nomenclature Reviews microplastics in different types of human consumable items Illustrates fundamental methods and techniques used in microplastics research Explores overall impacts of microplastics in the organisms contaminated with the same This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students and faculty members interested in plastic pollution, microplastics, environmental science, food consumption and analysis.

Currently, anthropogenic activities have caused unprecedented destruction of the environment at alarming rates, leading to undesirable alterations in air, land, and water. The process of environment degradation has been accelerated by industrial processes, which result in waste as well as over-consumption of natural resources. The ecological balance has been disturbed, and resources have shrunk. All this has resulted in climate change, which has emerged as a major concern in the 21st century. Changes in the environment are driven by demand for energy, water, and food to raise the standard of living. These are also responsible for climate change, with contributions from deforestation and CO2 emissions from fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum.The present volume discusses some of the main issues regarding environmental degradation and the causes as well as the impact of climate change, which is impacting the ecosystem. The effects of various pollutants, causes of climate change with case studies on geochemistry and glaciers, etc., and measures to reduce the impact on biodiversity, health, etc. are discussed in detail in its chapters. In a nutshell, this volume discusses in detail the following issues:• Anthropogenic and natural factors in environmental degradation• Climate change history, causes, and threats to abiotic and biotic systems• Case studies on the impact of climate change and living systems• Mitigation and preparedness for the future

Over the past decade the world has seen the rise of the fascinating and diverse field currently recognized as nanotechnology. This book covers a broad spectrum of topics within nanotechnology, including synthesis techniques, various innovative characterization techniques, growth mechanisms of nanomaterials, the physics and chemistry of nanomaterials, diverse functionalization methods, and the various applications of nanomaterials in biology, therapeutics, energy, food science, and environmental science. It also discusses applications of nanostructured materials, integrative applications such as nano- and micro-electronic sensor devices, as well as agricultural and environmental remediation applications. The book also includes a discussion of advances in functionalized nanomaterials (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) and covers the early stages of the development of functionalized nanostructures, considering the future for 2D nanomaterials and 3D objects. Additionally, it includes a chapter on nanomaterial research development that highlights work on the life-cycle analysis of nanostructured materials and toxicity aspects.This book proves useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of nanomaterials and green technology, as well as in the field of nanotechnology. It should be useful to students and specialized researchers in a number of disciplines ranging from biology, chemistry, and materials science to engineering and manufacturing in both academia and industry.

This book offers a comprehensive review of how plastic pollution is affecting fresh and marine waters, and what the current challenges in plastic waste assessment and management in the aquatic environment are. Plastic waste comprises particles with heterogeneous physicochemical properties such as large size-range, different shapes and polymer types with various additives determining their environmental fate and risk. This complexity raises several open research questions which are explored in this book. Examples are the plastic uptake by aquatic organisms, degradation processes as well as sources and sinks in the environment. Readers will discover real case studies of plastic pollution detection and management in different parts of the world, including Asia, America and Europe, which provide an integrated overview of the global scope of this issue. This book and the companion volume Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part II: Stakeholders'Role Against Pollution are valuable resources to students, researchers, policymakers and environmental managers interested in plastic pollution and working towards its reduction.

Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater focuses on environmental aspects and health effects of pesticides, the use of conventional and AOPs technologies, and adsorption processes and nanomaterials for the removal of pesticides from water and wastewater. The deterioration of water quality is of great concern due to its effects on aquatic organisms, humans and the ecosystem. Among the pollutants, pesticides are a major concern in villages and farm land. This edited book bridges the gap between old and new knowledge about the categorization of pesticides, the presence of them in water, wastewater, soil and foods, and new methods to detect them from water matrices. This edited book provides the necessary basic knowledge to new researchers who want to learn about pesticides and the ways to eliminate them in aqueous matrices. Moreover, it is also a helpful resource for mature researchers in this field, providing them with new trends in water and wastewater treatment processes, preparation and application of novel adsorbent materials. - Includes methods for effectively removing pesticides from potable water and water bodies - Provides techniques that are eco-friendly and that do not use toxic chemicals and are lower in cost - Presents information needed to identify severe health effects on human beings and aquatic animals

Regular use of sunscreens has been shown to reduce the risk of sunburn and skin cancer, and slow photoaging of skin. Sunscreens can rinse off into water where people are swimming or wading, and can also enter bodies of water through wastewater such as from bathing or showering. As a result, the ultraviolet (UV) filters - the active ingredients in sunscreens that reduce the amount of UV radiation on skin - have been detected in the water, sediment, and animal tissues in aquatic environments. Because the impact of these filters on aquatic ecosystems is not fully understood, assessment is needed to better understand their environmental impacts. This report calls on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to conduct an ecological risk assessment of UV filters to characterize the possible risks to aquatic ecosystems and the species that live in them. EPA should focus on environments more likely to be exposed such as those with heavy recreational use, or where wastewater and urban runoff enter the water. The risk assessment should cover a broad range of species and biological effects and could consider potential interacting effects among UV filters and with other environmental stresses such as climate change. In addition, the report describes the role of sunscreens in preventing skin cancer and what is known about how human health could be affected by potential changes in usage. While the need for a risk assessment is urgent, research is needed to advance understanding of both risks to the environment from UV filters and impacts to human health from changing sunscreen availability and usage.