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Paper recycling in an increasingly environmentally conscious world is gaining importance. Increased recycling activities are being driven by robust overseas markets as well as domestic demand. Recycled fibers play a very important role today in the global paper industry as a substitute for virgin pulps. Paper recovery rates continue to increase year after year Recycling technologies have been improved in recent years by advances in pulping, flotation deinking and cleaning/screening, resulting in the quality of paper made from secondary fibres approaching that of virgin paper. The process is a lot more eco-friendly than the virgin-papermaking process, using less energy and natural resources, produce less solid waste and fewer atmospheric emissions, and helps to preserve natural resources and landfill space. Currently more than half of the paper is produced from recovered papers. Most of them are used to produce brown grades paper and board but for the last two decades, there is a substantial increase in the use of recovered papers to produce, through deinking, white grades such as newsprint, tissue, market pulp. By using recycled paper, companies can take a significant step toward reducing their overall environmental impacts. This study deals with the scientific and technical advances in recycling and deinking including new developments. - Covers in great depth all the aspects of recycling technologies - Covers the latest science and technology in recycling - Provides up-to-date, authoritative information and cites many mills experiences and pertinent research - Includes the use of biotech methods for deinking, refining. and improving drainage

Mountain Ice and Water: Investigations of the Hydrologic Cycle in Alpine Environments is a new volume of papers reviewed and edited by John Shroder, Emeritus Professor of Geography and Geology at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA, and Greg Greenwood, Director of the Mountain Research Initiative from Bern, Switzerland. Chapters in this book were derived from research papers that were delivered at the Perth III Conference on Mountains of our Future Earth in Scotland in October 2015. The conference was established to help develop the knowledge necessary to respond effectively to the risks and opportunities of global environmental change and to support transformations toward global sustainability in the coming decades. To this end, the conference and book have investigated the future situation in mountains from three points of view. (1) Dynamic Planet: Observing, explaining, understanding, and projecting Earth, environmental, and societal system trends, drivers, and processes and their interactions to anticipate global thresholds and risks, (2) Global Sustainable Development: Increasing knowledge for sustainable, secure, and fair stewardship of biodiversity, food, water, health, energy, materials, and other ecosystem services, and (3) Transformations towards Sustainability: Understanding transformation processes and options, assessing how these relate to human values, emerging technologies and social and economic development pathways, and evaluating strategies for governing and managing the global environment across sectors and scales. - Derived from research papers delivered at the Perth III Conference on Mountains of our Future Earth in Scotland in October 2015 - Helps develop the knowledge necessary for responding effectively in coming decades to the risks and opportunities of global environmental change and tactics for global sustainability - Provides the research community working on global change in mountains with a broader framework established by the Future Earth initiative

The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal is a state-of-the-art reference featuring contributions focusing on the impact of microbes on the safe long-term disposal of nuclear waste. This book is the first to cover this important emerging topic, and is written for a wide audience encompassing regulators, implementers, academics, and other stakeholders. The book is also of interest to those working on the wider exploitation of the subsurface, such as bioremediation, carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, and water quality. Planning for suitable facilities in the U.S., Europe, and Asia has been based mainly on knowledge from the geological and physical sciences. However, recent studies have shown that microbial life can proliferate in the inhospitable environments associated with radioactive waste disposal, and can control the long-term fate of nuclear materials. This can have beneficial and damaging impacts, which need to be quantified. - Encompasses expertise from both the bio and geo disciplines, aiming to foster important collaborations across this disciplinary divide - Includes reviews and research papers from leading groups in the field - Provides helpful guidance in light of plans progressing worldwide for geological disposal facilities - Includes timely research for planning and safety case development

Phytomanagement of Fly Ash brings together the recent and established knowledge of different aspects of fly ash management, providing a cutting-edge synthesis of scientific and experiential knowledge on contaminated site restoration. Phytomanagement of Fly Ash provides readers with ecologically friendly and cost-effective solutions to decontaminate fly ash polluted sites, along with potential opportunities in phytoremediation that also yield biodiesel, aromatic oil, bio-fortified products and pulp-paper biomass. The book also focuses on novel topics, such as afforestation on fly ash catena, adaptive management, potential sink for carbon sequestration, and ecosystem goods and services. This book is a useful reference for environmental professionals in the coal industry, ecological planners and managers, students, practitioners and policymakers involved in phytoremediation. - Provides a holistic approach to fly ash, covering the ecological, economic and social issues related to its management - Addresses the multiple industrial uses of fly ash - Includes strategies to mitigate costs related to fly ash dump restoration

Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene, Five Volume Set presents a currency-based, global synthesis cataloguing the impact of humanity's global ecological footprint. Covering a multitude of aspects related to Climate Change, Biodiversity, Contaminants, Geological, Energy and Ethics, leading scientists provide foundational essays that enable researchers to define and scrutinize information, ideas, relationships, meanings and ideas within the Anthropocene concept. Questions widely debated among scientists, humanists, conservationists, politicians and others are included, providing discussion on when the Anthropocene began, what to call it, whether it should be considered an official geological epoch, whether it can be contained in time, and how it will affect future generations. Although the idea that humanity has driven the planet into a new geological epoch has been around since the dawn of the 20th century, the term'Anthropocene'was only first used by ecologist Eugene Stoermer in the 1980s, and hence popularized in its current meaning by atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen in 2000. - Presents comprehensive and systematic coverage of topics related to the Anthropocene, with a focus on the Geosciences and Environmental science - Includes point-counterpoint articles debating key aspects of the Anthropocene, giving users an even-handed navigation of this complex area - Provides historic, seminal papers and essays from leading scientists and philosophers who demonstrate changes in the Anthropocene concept over time

Time and Methods in Environmental Interfaces Modelling: Personal Insights considers the use of time in environmental interfaces modeling and introduce new methods, from the global scale (e.g. climate modeling) to the micro scale (e.g. cell and nanotubes modeling), which primarily arise from the personal research insights of the authors. As the field of environmental science requires the application of new fundamental approaches that can lead to a better understanding of environmental phenomena, this book helps necessitate new approaches in modeling, including category theory, that follow new achievements in physics, mathematics, biology, and chemistry. - Includes the use of new mathematical tools, such as category theory, mathematical theory of general systems and formal concept analysis, matrix theory tools, stability analysis, and pseudospectra - Presents new content related to time in relation to physics and biology - Combines the word of an experienced author team with over 35 papers of collective experience

This book catalogs the evidence based on the social, economic and environmental effectiveness of Nature based Solutions (NbS) to face environmental challenges and simultaneously provide a better understanding of associated social-ecological interactions.NbS are reframing discussion and policy responses worldwide to environmental challenges. The concept builds on and complements other closely related concepts, such as the ecosystem approach, ecosystem services, ecosystem-based adaptation/mitigation, disaster risk reduction, sponge cities, and green/blue infrastructures. The quantification of existing NbS'effectiveness, their operationalization and replication in different environmental settings are presented here in such a way that allows them to be both widely accepted and incorporated in policy development and in practical implementation. - Explores the nexus between Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and global SDG, thus leading future research and practice worldwide. - Presents novel conceptualizations, pathways, applications, evidence-based cases, and experiential assessments - Offers best practice portfolios for practitioners (city managers, policy-makers, civil servants, environmental engineers) to guide the practices of NbS towards SDG.

Volatile Organic Compound Removal: Technologies and Functional Materials for VOC Removal details technologies and materials for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from polluted air, covering not only the fundamental mechanisms, processes, and designs of the latest VOC abatement technologies, but also the characteristics and applications of advanced functional materials for VOC removal. The first half of this book centers on VOC abatement technologies including catalytic degradation, thermal oxidation, membrane separation, adsorption, absorption, and condensation, whereas the second half focuses on the applications of functional materials, especially novel nanomaterials, in VOC removal. Volatile Organic Compound Removal: Technologies and Functional Materials for VOC Removal is unique in covering both the fundamental mechanisms and practical applications of VOC abatement technologies, as well as focusing on the preparation, characterization, and application of novel functional materials for VOC removal. - Details both the technologies and the functional materials possible for use in destructive and non-destructive removal of VOCs - Covers both sustainability-related issues and nanotechnology applications for VOC removal - Includes detailed case studies in appropriate chapters

Microplastics: Transport, Impacts, Monitoring and Mitigation provides a critical analysis of our current understanding of microplastic science, the methods by which microplastic are observed in the environment, and our options for mitigation and remediation. Associated concern for the environment has resulted in substantial interest in the management and mitigation of these persistent and pervasive pollutants. Nevertheless, our progress towards reliable monitoring and successful management has been limited. The book is intended for those studying or working in the fields of environmental science and waste management (as well as associated areas), and provides the holistic context needed to evaluate and interpret the outputs associated with the interlinked problems of plastic and microplastics. In this manner, the reader will be invited to explore the ongoing challenges which have thus far prevented the development of a thorough understanding of the risk posed by plastic and microplastic pollution, to discuss the implications of ongoing uncertainty to effective plastic management, evaluate the current strategies to control the ongoing proliferation of plastic pollution. - Models the issue of microplastic pollution with historic case studies of alternative pollutants - Demonstrates the differing requirements of microplastic monitoring and management - Contains idealized workflows specific to key practitioner groups, the content of which will reflect recent debates and divergences in the field - Emphasizes critical comparison between emerging management measures not apparent in current edited texts which tend to consider individual approaches separately - Places management and remediation methods in the context of the observed scale and impact of associated microplastics in the environment to indicate the potential benefits of each approach

Water-Soil-Vegetation Nexus and Climate Change presents a broad overview of the research needs and approaches regarding water-soil-vegetation nexus and climate change. It includes chapters discussing water budget and factors that affect hydrologic processes such as precipitation, runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration, soil water, and groundwater, in addition to a focus on consumptive (e.g., domestic and irrigation) and non-consumptive (e.g., eco-environmental) water uses, and water shortage. Throughout Water-Soil-Vegetation Nexus and Climate Change chapters specifically deal with the fundamental principles and also case studies, applications, and decision support tools, that can be usable for developing practical management measures in sustaining our eco-environment and society by maintaining an optimal water-soil-vegetation equilibrium. Written with water resources students and professors in mind, this book will provide the reader with further knowledge on the water-soil-vegetation nexus and its connection to climate change. - Includes both principles and applications, providing the reader with options for both application types as needed - Emphasizes the nexuses rather than individual processes, allowing the reader to understand the whole picture - Presents case studies and decision support tools that can be used for developing practical management measures in changing climate

Environmental Metagenomics, Water Quality and Suggested Remediation Measures of Polluted Waters: A Combined Approach is a reference handbook for scientists, engineers and early-career researchers seeking guidance in the areas of water quality, and remediation studies. The comprehensive book, which includes case studies and applications from a range of contributors in the field, offers an essential resource in the science of water quality assessment. - Includes a range of applications and case studies in wetland, riverine, drinking, and groundwater metagenomics, along with approaches for the remediation of pollutants from wastewater - Offers the latest updates on environmental metagenomics and its correlation with water environments, remediation measures, and SDGs - Provides key contributions from global researchers in the fields of water chemistry, environmental science, engineering, and public health

Fluid inclusions are samples of paleo-fluids entrapped in minerals and can provide indispensable information about the compositions of the fluids, and the temperature and pressure conditions of the host mineral formation. The principles are well established and generally easy to understand; however, many researchers underestimate the complexities of the subject and make some common mistakes in data collection and interpretation. On the other hand, some researchers overestimate the difficulties and uncertainties in practice and tend to downplay the usefulness of fluid inclusions. Fluid Inclusion Studies aims to help readers overcome these problems by providing a comprehensive analysis of the foundational principles and demonstrating how these principles should be followed in practice, through examples of study methods and applications. This book is a powerful tool in the field of the Earth science. Fluid Inclusion Studies aims to provide a practical guide for beginners of fluid inclusion study and includes chapters that highlight the diverse applications of fluid inclusions in a wide variety of geologic settings and processes. - Includes down-to-earth discussions of common pitfalls in fluid inclusion studies allowing scientists to avoid mistakes in actual studies - Features a problem-oriented approach that makes it easy for scientists to pinpoint problems and solutions - Includes various applications of fluid inclusions, from mineral and oil–gas deposits, through magmatic–hydrothermal, sedimentary– diagenetic and metamorphic systems, structural analysis, to environmental studies

Inorganic Contaminants and Radionuclides is a single reference covering common inorganic contaminants in detail, including their distribution in the environment, challenges linked to management, geogenic sources, anthropogenic sources, exposure and effects, international agreements and legislation relating to the contaminant, remediation options and global case studies. In addition, the book provides summaries of contaminated sites and key details about contaminants to present a more comprehensive understanding and improve remediation and management practices. The book's clear, consistent organization makes it a valuable resource for researchers, students and practitioners working in environmental science, environmental management and environmental engineering.One of the major constraints to assessing and remediating contaminated sites is the lack of awareness of the extent and severity of contaminated sites amongst the community, regulators, policymakers, industry operators, university graduates and environmental managers. This book helps to manage these constraints. - Provides a one-stop reference on the nature and properties of inorganic contaminants, including a transdisciplinary approach to managing contaminated sites - Includes global case studies covering contaminated site assessment, management and remediation - Presents in-depth research and data on specific contaminants, with a separate chapter for each contaminant

Greening Our Economy for a Sustainable Future examines the green economy by balancing social needs, the environment, and the economy. It argues that different economic models must be developed to address the environment caused by economic expansion. The book not only looks at the opportunities of having a green economy, but also goes into areas such as greenwashing, social washing, sustainability, economics, and more. In addition, it addresses how one can improve well-being through a symbiotic relationship between economic growth and environmental stewardship. - Reviews literature and case studies that can be applied on a large-scale on measures to change the way of economic development to implement a green economy theory - Examines bottlenecks that occur when resource scarcity or poor quality makes investment more expensive - Highlights opportunities for innovation spurred by policies and framework conditions that allow for new ways of addressing environmental problems

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention Volume 8 titled Process Modelling and Simulation discusses various aspects of natural gas related processes from modelling and simulation point of view. This includes modelling of natural gas sweetening, dehydration and other impurities removal processes and apparatus as well as simulation of processes and apparatus dealt with producing　chemicals and energy from natural gas.The book introduces modelling and simulation of natural gas hydrate related processes and covers modelling basics, numerical approaches and optimization techniques, which provides a deeper understanding of the subject. - Introduces modelling and simulation methods for natural gas sweetening and purification - Describes modelling and simulation procedures of producing chemicals and energy from natural gas - Discusses theoretical basics and models of natural gas hydrates

Water Pollution Calculations: Quantifying Pollutant Formation, Transport, Transformation, Fate and Risks provides a comprehensive collection of relevant, real-world water pollution calculations. The book's author explains, in detail, how to measure and assess risks to human populations and ecosystems exposed to water pollutants. The text covers water pollution from a multivariate, systems approach, bringing in hydrogeological, climatological, meteorological processes, health and ecological impacts, and water and wastewater treatment and prevention.After first reviewing the physics, chemistry, and biology of water pollution, the author explores both groundwater and surface waters. This is followed by an in-depth look at water quality indicators, measurements, models, and water engineering. Groundwater remediation, risk assessment, and green engineering round out the text with forward-thinking ideas towards sustainability. This invaluable reference offers a practical tool for those needing a precise and applicable understanding of different types of water pollution calculations. - Includes applications of theory to real-world problems with personalized and customized examples of calculations to prepare exams, guidance documents, and correspondence - Walkthroughs and derivation of equations enhance knowledge so that complex water pollution concepts can be more easily grasped - Explains processes and mechanisms, providing an understanding of how pollutants are formed, transported, transformed, deposited, and stored in the environment

Waste-derived Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Applications, and Sustainability embarks on an illuminating exploration at the intersection of waste management and nanotechnology. Delving deep into the realm of nanoparticle synthesis, this comprehensive volume meticulously examines various waste sources, ranging from industrial residues to electronic waste, uncovering their potential for sustainable innovation. Through detailed discussions on synthesis methodologies and characterization techniques, each chapter offers insights into the intricate processes involved in transforming waste materials into functional nanoparticles. Beyond synthesis, the book ventures into the diverse applications of waste-derived nanoparticles, offering transformative solutions to pressing environmental challenges. From revolutionizing wastewater treatment to combating air pollution and advancing energy technologies, these applications hold promise for a greener future. With a forward-looking perspective, this book envisions a shift toward a circular economy, where waste materials are not only repurposed but also contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally conscious world. This book serves as a beacon, guiding us toward a future where waste becomes a valuable resource in our quest for a cleaner and healthier planet. - Discusses the synthesis of nanoparticles made from waste as well as their uses in contemporary industrial platforms - Offers researchers an influential framework for a fundamental, multidisciplinary study as the use of waste-derived nanoparticles as sustainable materials has changed modern industrial processes - Reviews the most cutting-edge industrial uses of waste-derived nanoparticles as well as current manufacturing problems - Maintains a current study on nanoparticles made from waste along with fresh advancements in a variety of related fields

The Afrotropical Streams and Rivers: Structure, Ecological Processes and Management is a comprehensive guide that provides assessment of major rivers and tributaries in Africa. Unlike other books available, the editors present a thorough study of geomorphological, hydrological, biological, and ecological processes incorporating a range of plant and animal communities, while considering implications of human communities that depend upon them. This book, edited by a diverse cohort of researchers and/or scholars, is intended as an educational and practical guide for graduate students, researchers and scientists who focus on the biodiversity, conservation and management/policy issues of the African river systems. - Provides a comprehensive introduction to African freshwater rivers, their biota, and abiotic processes. - Contains unique case studies on African streams and rivers. - Organised around an interdisciplinary approach that covers the complex aspects of conservation and management of African river systems on the continent.

Emerging Innovative Trends in the Application of Biological Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment discusses new and emerging innovative trends in the application of biological processes in industrial wastewater treatment. It also includes the fate of chemicals produced after the treatment process both at the laboratory scale and at the industrial scale. This book explores the unique biological aspects of the wastewater treatment process and highlights the advantages they provide for engineering applications in the industries. Each chapter covers a different biological-based approach and examines the basic principles, practical applications, recent breakthroughs, and associated limitations. Emerging Innovative Trends in the Application of Biological Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment also provides in-depth knowledge on the biological process for application in wastewater research which presents an array of cutting-edge wastewater treatment research and thereafter its applications in treatment, remediation, sensing, and pollution prevention processes which has a significant impact on maintaining the long-term quality, availability, and viability of water. - Serves as an easy-to-use guider manual for all the enlisted smart techniques - Describes and discusses the emerging futuristic technologies in industrial pollutants removal from wastewater - Covers advancements in biological treatments, advanced oxidation techniques, and membrane technology to remove water pollutants

Microbial Metagenomics in Effluent Treatment Plant introduces a metagenomic approach characterizing microbial communities in industrial wastewater treatment, providing an overall picture of metagenomics, its application, processes, and future prospects in the field of bioremediation. It also discusses culture-dependent methods, culture-independent methods, and enzymatic methods used to estimate bacterial diversity to monitor temporal and spatial changes in bacterial communities. In addition, a metagenomic approach will be discussed to characterize the microbial communities in industrial wastewater treatment. Researchers, scientists, professors, and students in environmental engineering, applied microbiology, and water treatment will find Microbial Metagenomics in Effluent Treatment Plant helpful in understanding the importance and role of metagenomics in biogeochemical cycles and degradation and detoxification of environmental pollutants. - Presents text rich in information and knowledge of metagenomics - Introduces novel and powerful insights into the already existing bioremediation process - Serves as an easy-to-understand and centralized resource of information with practical application ideas

Bioremediation and Bioeconomy: A Circular Economy Approach provides a common platform for scientists from various backgrounds to find sustainable solutions to environmental issues, including remediation of emerging pollutants, usage of contaminated land and wastewater for bioproducts such as natural fibers, biocomposites, and fuels, to boost the economy. The need for transitioning to a sustainable use of natural resources is now more evident than ever as industrialization and pollution are global phenomena. Biodiversity is being used as raw material for environmental decontamination, and this field has grown phenomenally in recent years, having emerged less than 3 decades ago. On the other hand, the volume of contaminated substrates (water, soil, and air) is increasing due to anthropogenic and technogenic sources of organic and inorganic contaminants. Bioremediation and Bioeconomy: A Circular Economy Approach will address the bottlenecks and solutions to the existing limitations in field scale and the relevant techniques. - Provides a compilation of new information on bioremediation not found in other books in the present market - Presents the link between bioremediation, bioeconomy, and the circular economy - Includes strategies for using contaminated substrates for producing bioresources and co-generation of value chain and value addition products

Nutraceutical Fruits and Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders presents food-based strategies, specifically related to nutraceuticals, in delaying the onset and slowing down of the propensity of neuronal devastation. In addition to highlighting the positive effects of nutraceutical fruits and foods on brain health, the book also explores the medicinal properties of fruits, vegetables, berries and nutraceuticals, along with their contribution to environmental factors, potential hazards and the need for specific regulatory actions. This book will be a welcomed reference for nutrition researchers, dieticians, nutritionists and academicians studying related fields. Users will find this book to be a solid foundation on which scientific knowledge in the field of aromatic crop-based phytoremediation can grow and expand. It will also be a good and instructive text with a format that is easy to grasp and read. - Focuses on anthropogenic land pollution and management through aromatic crops - Provides basic understanding and a clear picture on how to use aromatic grasses in phytoremediation with a goal toward sustainable development - Explores the sustainability of aromatic crop cultivation in polluted land in phytoremediation programs

Living with Climate Change contains different topics on how to adapt to global warming. With a strong focus on ways of adapting to climate change, the book also examines the root causes of global warming. Readers are provided all the most up-to-date thinking and information on each issue due to the extensive list of references connected to each chapter. By linking various topics and interesting new innovations that are often synergistic, this book covers a wide range of issues in global warming adaptation that is ideal for readers from many disciplines. - Covers ways of coping with global warming and climate change - Contains the most up-to-date information on how to prevent the worst effects of global warming - Discusses the connection of climate change to human health

Future Forests: Adaptation to Climate Change provides background on forests as natural and social systems, the current distribution and dynamics based on major biomes that set the stage for their role of forests in global systems, the nature of climate change organized by biomes, and detailed descriptions of mitigation and adaptation strategies. This book forms presents a foundational summary of the feedback between the effect of climate change on forests and the converse effects of forests on climate, leading to conclusions on how forest management needs to be dictated by climate change.The book will be ideal for readers in the fields of climate change science, forest science and conservation biology, helping them develop a thorough understanding on the broad perspective of climate change on forests, the response of forests to these changes, and other climate-forest interaction potentials. - Organizes information on climate change and the effect of/on forests at a general level before presenting biome-related specifics - Discusses the differences among major biomes (tropical, boreal, temperate) and the systems in which forest management (and hence potential mitigation and adaptation) occurs - Goes beyond simply describing problems, elaborating on potential solutions that can be implemented for climate change mitigation

The Nile River System, Africa: Ecohydrology and Management from Catchment to Coast, Volume Two provides a critical synthesis of knowledge for an important global region. It covers water availability and needs in the Nile basin, focusing on socioeconomic, hydrological and ecological aspects and the catchment-coast continuum, also providing the information needed to develop a policy for the river that is less skewed toward immediate human needs and more focused on environmental impacts. Readers will find ecological perspectives, recent stresses, the current status of the basin, and more. The greater integration of ecological and river management themes is the main strength of this book, making it a strong reference for academics and water resources managers, as well as fishery experts, aquatic scientists and social scientists. - Provides a basis for improved environmental management of the Nile River basin from its headwaters to the Mediterranean Sea - Presents a multidisciplinary approach, covering both environmental and societal needs - Includes case studies from this diverse river that can be applied globally

Hydroclimatic Extremes in the Middle East and North Africa: Assessment, Attribution and Socioeconomic Impacts focuses on assessing the current situation of hydroclimatic extremes in the MENA region, with particular emphasis on dry and wet extreme events. The results of the rapidly changing atmospheric and oceanic situations of these extremes will be addressed, presenting examples for the environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural impacts of these events in the region and evaluating the current ability to monitor and adapt to such events, as well as exploring the potential use of advanced geospatial techniques in improving current understanding of these extreme events.The book utilizes a multidisciplinary approach with various state-of-the-art methods, approaches, and analytical techniques in environmental, meteorological, and hydrological sciences, providing case studies from the Middle East and North Africa. It will provide a solid basis for scientists to assess the validation of several research methods in the region and may be applicable to other regions as climate change continues to cause increasing aridity worldwide. The case studies presented will reflect the multifaceted character of hydrometeorological extremes in the region, with representative examples for the environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural impacts of climate change. Therefore, this book is a valuable source for climatologists, meteorologists, hydrologists, geographers, and water resources scientists. - Thoroughly details the effects of climate variability in the Middle East and North Africa, a hotspot region of climate change vulnerability - Examines changes in hydroclimatic extremes at different spatial scales, ranging from local assessments to investigations that cover the entire region - Provides a comprehensive assessment of hydrometeorological feedback to current and future climate change in the MENA region - Fills the current gap in the literature concerning the response of arid and semiarid regions to climate change, with particular emphasis on the MENA region

Biotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery: Current Trends and Future Scope presents up-to-date insights on the water crisis stemming from wastewater production. Edited by experts in the field, the book's chapters are structured around different types of bioremediation approaches (phytoremediation, myco-remediation, bio-stimulation, bio-augmentation, rhizoremediation, etc.) all applied in the context of wastewater treatment. This comprehensive resource equips students, research scholars, and policymakers with a holistic understanding of wastewater treatment and resource recovery through bioremediation techniques. Abundant real-world applications and case studies empower readers to make well-informed decisions, ensuring the efficient utilization of energy and efforts in addressing this critical issue. - Covers a thorough analysis of various bioremediation approaches such as: phytoremediation, myco-remediation, bio-stimulation, bio-augmentation, rhizoremediation, etc. - Offers the most up-to-date information on integrated wastewater treatment using biological and physicochemical methods - Includes case studies on bioremediation of domestic/industrial wastewater for the elimination of heavy metals/emerging water contaminants/pesticides/microplastics, amongst others

Microplastics: Origins, Risks, and Mitigation discusses the sources, origin, and health risk assessment of microplastics in the environment. The various contamination indices, like contamination factor, atmospheric behavior, enrichment factor, and marine pollution are also included to provide further context on the state of microplastics in the environment and environmental impacts. The book present reviews on microplastics toxicology research, health hazards, and green remedial solutions for pollution control in terrestrial and aquatic environments, aiming to provide scientists and researchers with the knowledge to combat microplastic pollutants through sustainable means. Covering a variety of approaches, techniques, and scenarios, this book is a key resource for environmental scientists working to address microplastic environmental pollutants. It presents reviews on microplastics toxicology research, health hazards, and green remedial solutions for pollution control in terrestrial and aquatic environments. - Covers microplastics contamination in the environment such as soil, water, and air - Analyzes microplastics effects on the environment, health, and environmental risk - Provides analysis on environmental treatment technology

Water Resources Monitoring, Management, and Sustainability: Application of Geostatistics and Geospatial Modeling, Volume 16, a new volume in the Developments in Environmental Science series, introduces a variety of advanced modeling techniques like changing climate and land use/land cover, hydrological models, and machine learning approaches. These techniques are applied to address water resources and environmental monitoring, as well as planning and sustainable management of water resources. Further, the book discusses how to manage water resources at various local, regional, and international levels while incorporating environmental considerations. Finally, it delves into cutting-edge techniques based on open-source software and R statistical programming, Google Earth Engine, and modeling in modern artificial intelligence techniques, with a particular emphasis on recent trends in datamining techniques and robust modeling in water resource crisis-related hazards. - Provides essential information on new methods for managing water resources to minimize the global water crisis - Illustrates a geospatial technology approach to datamining techniques, data analysis, modeling, risk assessment and visualization, and management strategies in many elements of natural and societal hazards - Includes works that address the connection between water, climate change, and the environment

Air Pollution, Air Quality, and Climate Change offers a review of the latest advances and developments in the study of air pollution and air quality in the face of continuing climate change. The editors begin with a detailed review of air pollution and its sources, effects, and impacts. In-depth chapters follow on atmospheric chemistry, air pollution meteorology, and take a look at indoor and urban air quality. The editors then explore the connection between air quality and climate change, the effects of CO2 on air quality, and use of carbon capture and storage. Finally, the book closes with a discussion of environmental policy making as well as future considerations for air pollution, air quality, and climate change. This text is a timely and valuable reference for anyone working towards solutions to reduce air pollution, improve air quality, and lessen the effects of climate change. - Helps readers understand atmospheric pollutants, exposure assessment, and material damage - Explores the role of carbon dioxide in air pollution and its effect on air quality - Provides innovative approaches, new technologies, and strategies to reduce air pollution and improve air quality

Renewable and Clean Energy Systems Based on Advanced Nanomaterials: Basis, Preparation and Applications describes the fundamental aspects of a diverse range of nanomaterials used in the fields of renewable and clean energy. Various methods of preparing several different nanomaterials for green energy systems, such as advanced nanomaterials for solar cells, mixed metal oxide-based nanomaterials for hydrogen storage, and active nanomaterials for Li ion batteries are presented along with their advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Chapters also discuss novel methods of power analysis, frequency regulation methods, practical applications of solar panels, economic efficiency of solar energy, solar physics, and much more.This is a valuable resource on the basic science, preparation methods, and practical applications of advanced nanomaterials for green energy systems. - Features recent advances on nanomaterials preparation methods and their applications in photovoltaic technology - Discusses sustainable strategies for producing large-scale nanomaterials, focusing on preparation techniques that are cost-effective and eco-friendly - Reviews the efficiency of nanomaterials used in solar energy storage and conversion

Water Footprints and Sustainable Development serves as the sole comprehensive volume of the role of waste management for sustainable development. It provides an overview of Global Scenario of water footprints in water smart cities and technologies and investigates the critical factors that enable the sustainable developments of various industries in respect to water resources management. The goal of this book is to introduce the reader to the current technologies used for reducing water footprints, and to offer the necessary information and tools for sustainable development. - Provides detailed coverage of the role of Water, Energy and Food Nexus with respect to sustainability - Covers methods such as lifecycle assessment, sustainability assessment, multi-criteria decision-making, and multi-objective optimization modes - Includes key techniques for water resources management and sustainable development

The Mekong Delta Environmental Research Guidebook comprehensively covers the Mekong Delta and presents new evidence on unsolved environmental issues. Key experts from around the world offer suggestions for the implementation of more effective mitigation and adaptation measures, especially in the context of climate change and upstream hydropower dam development. This book will help guide students and scientists, both juniors and seniors in their journey of the Mekong Delta Environmental Research, by presenting them with all the necessary information and detailed case studies for a more in-depth understanding of each issue so they can make informed decisions. - Presents a multi-scale viewpoint about the Mekong Delta from a global, to regional and local scale so that readers will gain a more holistic understanding of the issue from the root cause to solutions - Includes case-studies as empirical evidence to help researchers implement more effective mitigation and adaptation measures - Offers the most updated knowledge on strategies in halting environmental pressures, i.e., halting sinking delta and salinity intrusion

Biofuel Cells: The Design and Application of Biological Catalysts presents a detailed examination of biofuel cells, from their fundamentals and basic principles through to the latest technological, materials, and bioengineering developments. The book follows a clear, step-by-step chapter structure that takes the reader through each stage of the design, construction, and operation of BFC-based devices. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a detailed review of the fundamentals and basic principles of microbial and biofuel cells, including the electrochemistry, materials and mechanics, and applications. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth examination of catalyst evolution and chapter 4 explains all aspects of electron transfer in enzymatic biofuel cells. Chapter 5 reviews all types of hybrid biofuel cell, including fabrication and design strategies for thermoelectric and triboelectric energy devices. In chapter 6 advanced manufacture techniques for biofuel cells and bio-devices are explained, including the working principles and methodologies for printing, microfluidics, fiber, microneedle, and others. Finally, chapter 7 explores the diverse applications of biofuel cells and bio-devices, from biosensors and bioelectronics to capacitive biofuel cells. Chapters are supported by computational tools, working manuals for the techniques discussed, and detailed schematics and flowcharts for BCF fabrication. Biofuel Cells: The Design and Application of Biological Catalysts is an invaluable resource for graduate students and early career researchers interested in any aspect of biofuel cells and bio-devices and is specifically designed to benefit students from multiple backgrounds, including chemical engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and biotechnology. - Explains the mechanisms of enzymatic and microbial biocatalysts, electron transfer mechanisms, and bioengineering for biocatalysts in BFCs - Explores the latest developments in biofuel cell technology, including printed biofuel cells, fiber biofuel cells, as well as other manufacturing methods - Reviews the versatile applications of biofuel cells, including bio-hybrid systems, self-powered biosensors, and flexible bioelectronics

Geoethics for the Future: Facing Global Challenges offers the latest points of view on highly topical issues in geosciences, including climate change, sustainable development, and energy transition, enabling readers to acquire multifaceted knowledge of topics of global relevance and highlighting the importance of the issues affecting geosciences in the 21st Century. The book outlines how geoethical considerations are integral in providing new insights and analyses for improving the theoretical structure of geoethics and its practical applications, with an aim to create conditions for sharing perspectives on the best ways for implementing scientific action to face global anthropogenic changes. - Covers upcoming and current key topics, and emphasizes the urgency to find reference frameworks and effective solutions to the issues associated with them. - Includes multifaceted analyses on relevant topics, by leveraging the cross-cutting contributions of experts to address urgent, global, and complex issues related to human-Earth system interaction. - Provides an indispensable basis for discussion to guide scientists in considering their own responsibilities and to highlight the societal relevance of the geosciences. - Discusses philosophical, ethical, social, political, economic, legal, and theological aspects of geoscience, technological applications, and anthropogenic impacts on physical environment through the lens of geoethics, in time of profound planetary changes. - Bridges the geosciences, social sciences, and humanities, aiming to address the socio-ecological crisis from multiple perspectives and with greater effectiveness.

Reaching Net Zero: What It Takes to Solve the Global Climate Crisis addresses the imminent need to fully understand the causes, effects, and evidence of global warming due to the large amount of climate disinformation and complexity of much of the available valid science. In this second edition, the authors broaden the understanding of global warming, bring new findings to light, and report on successes and failures when dealing with this global crisis. This book addresses the science of global warming in a concise, readable manner while providing an in-depth reference for readers who want more details or to study the sources of information. New topics will be covered in this second edition, such as the evolving role of hydrogen as a substitute for natural gas in transportation and industrial applications. In addition, a plan based on established and economically feasible current technology will be presented to decrease greenhouse gas emissions.• Provides a broad understanding of global warming and climate change, with easily understandable language, tables, and charts • Presents a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that is based on currently available technology that is well-established and economic • Discusses practical actions that need to be taken and past successes and failures to understand the complexity of addressing global warming • Offers a practical plan with recommendations covering the technical, economic, and public policy issues involved

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 1 titled Natural Gas Formation and Extraction introduces natural gas characteristics and thermo-physical properties. The book discusses various formation and synthesize techniques from non-renewable sources (coal, oil shale, etc.) and renewable sources (biomass, sewage, algae, etc.) of natural gas as well as its extraction techniques from different reservoirs. It also covers related environmental challenges of natural gas, economic assessment of its extraction and production technologies, health. - Introduces natural gas characteristics and properties - Describes different renewable/non-renewable sources for natural gas production and extraction - Includes various methods and technologies for extracting and producing natural gas with related challenges

Green and Sustainable Approaches Using Wastes for the Production of Multifunctional Nanomaterials focuses on the examination of green synthesis utilizing green waste materials derived from home and industrial applications. This book also examines the current state of material generations, future problems and their industrial constraints, and the synthesis of NMs for various applications such as medicinal, agriculture, environmental, food and beverage storage, and so on. The book includes the most recent practical and theoretical aspects of the use of waste materials released in the fabrication of various types of valuable nanomaterials, such as metal, metal oxide, polymeric, and graphene, among others. This is a relatively new concept in waste utilization, and green synthesis is a viable resource in making NPs. This book will also be valuable for waste management professionals who need proper disposal techniques for by-products. - Provides various types of waste management helps to develop innovative ideas - Discusses waste to valuable wealth, waste resources management, approaches to focus sustainable development, pollution reduction, and alternative options for smooth recovery of resources - Contains advanced information about green nanotechnology

Air Quality: Science, Impacts, and Management provides a thorough treatment of the fundamental science of air quality, its interactions, its impacts on health and the environment and management strategies for reducing air pollution in cities, regionally and globally. It begins with fundamentals of the atmosphere and its relevance for air quality before moving logically to sources and emissions, chemical transformation, dynamics, prediction, observations and analysis methods. The importance of regional air pollution and interactions with climate demonstrate the multiscale nature of air quality. The book concludes by examining the impacts on ecosystems and health, reviewing the strategies to manage air pollution and highlighting real-world challenges and possible solutions to improve air quality in global cities. The chapters, written by Ranjeet Sokhi with the collaboration of international experts in the field, are designed to be read sequentially or independently for focused learning in this complex and interdisciplinary field. Air Quality: Science, Impacts, and Management is an excellent resource for students, researchers and professionals in the field of Air Quality and related sciences. - A comprehensive work bringing together fundamental science, applications, impacts and management of air quality - Chapters include up to date material supported by research as well as grounding in fundamental concepts - Worked examples are included to support the understanding of the main concepts - Questions to practice problem-solving skills are included at the end of most of the chapters with solutions provided to check your answers

In todays'world with its widespread usage of personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, flame retardants, plasticizers, various industrial additives, metals and metalloids, pesticides, and pesticide metabolites, environmental contaminants are an increasing source of pollution with a severe effect on the ecological system. Industries that produce these contaminants must find answers to remediate this.Nanomaterials in Environmental Analysis contributes to solving this problem by providing researchers in industry and academia with promising applications of nanoparticles in detection techniques and in removal of chemical species from the environment. Each chapter covers an aspect of using nanoparticles in detecting, measuring and remediating toxic chemical species in the environment. - Explores the application of nanoparticles for the identification and quantification of pollutants from various environments - Serves as a quick reference and source of knowledge on nanoparticles-based techniques for environmental applications - Takes foundational knowledge for application to research in the area - Provides future trends

Environmental Materials and Waste: Circular Economy and Pollution Abatement, Second Edition, contains the latest information on environmental sustainability as a wide variety of natural resources are increasingly being exploited to meet the demands of a worldwide growing population and economy. The book takes a multidisciplinary approach to fully realize the number of by-products which can be remanufactured, providing the foundation needed across disciplines to tackle this issue. As awareness and opportunities to recover valuable resources from process and bleed streams is gaining interest, sustainable recovery of environmental materials, including wastewater, offers tremendous opportunity to combine profitable and sustainable production. In this 2nd edition, operational principles of circular economy for sustainable development with reference to environmental waste shall be covered. Circular economy research is discussed in depth as it has gained considerable momentum in the scientific literature thus far, and both conceptual debates and the creation of useful implementation strategies are still in their infancy. Although circular systems are now being implemented, this book will emphasize the importance to properly consider and convert circular economy goals and principles into actions. As a whole, this 2nd edition of Environmental Materials and Waste covers a wide range of issues that must be covered in order to improve environmental sustainability. - Presents a state-of-the-art guide to environmental sustainability - Provides an overview of the field, highlighting recent and emerging issues in environmental resource recovery that cover a wide array of by-products for remanufacture potential - Details a multidisciplinary approach to fully realize the number of by-products which can be remanufactured, providing the foundation needed across disciplines to tackle these global issues

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management presents the state-of-the-art in hybrid electric vehicle system modelling and management. With a focus on learning-based energy management strategies, the book provides detailed methods, mathematical models, and strategies designed to optimize the energy management of the energy supply module of a hybrid vehicle.The book first addresses the underlying problems in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) modeling, and then introduces several artificial intelligence-based energy management strategies of HEV systems, including those based on fuzzy control with driving pattern recognition, multi objective optimization, fuzzy Q-learning and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithms. To help readers apply these management strategies, the book also introduces State of Charge and State of Health prediction methods and real time driving pattern recognition. For each application, the detailed experimental process, program code, experimental results, and algorithm performance evaluation are provided.Application of Artificial Intelligence in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management is a valuable reference for anyone involved in the modelling and management of hybrid electric vehicles, and will be of interest to graduate students, researchers, and professionals working on HEVs in the fields of energy, electrical, and automotive engineering. - Provides a guide to the modeling and simulation methods of hybrid electric vehicle energy systems, including fuel cell systems - Describes the fundamental concepts and theory behind CNN, MPC, fuzzy control, multi objective optimization, fuzzy Q-learning and DDPG - Explains how to use energy management methods such as parameter estimation, Q-learning, and pattern recognition, including battery State of Health and State of Charge prediction, and vehicle operating conditions

Nanotechnology-based Sensors for Efficient Detection of Environmental Pollution discusses the use of nanotechnology to generate sensors capable of performing efficient detection of different types of environmental pollutants. Nanomaterial's characteristics such as large surface area, good reactivity, and possibility to suffer chemical surface modification to recognize different types of molecules are useful, especially to perform the detection of specific environmental pollutants. Innovative and efficient ways to detect environmental pollution are urgently needed for sustainability and the nanotechnology field has an enormous potential to offer strategic solutions. Nanotechnology-based sensors offer an efficient way of detecting the presence of contaminants and determine its structure and chemical nature is by applying nanotechnology and/or nanobiotechnology. This book will contain 5 parts: the first one will be dedicated to exploring environmental pollution as a threat to life on Earth and main contaminants (inorganic, organic or pathogens) and the risk they represent to living beings. The second part will be dedicated to nanotechnology allowing pollutants'detection covering a brief history of nanotechnology-based sensors, different types of nanotechnology-based sensor (optical, electrochemical, and magnetic), nanotechnology-based sensors'design and fabrication and nano biosensors. The third part will be focused on important specific pollutants (pesticides, heavy metal, dyes, toxic gas, pharmaceutical waste, petroleum hydrocarbons, and pathogenic microbes) and their detection by nanotechnology-based sensors. The fourth part will be dedicated to important nanomaterials in nanotechnology-based sensors, exploring carbon-based and non-carbon-based material in nanoscale (graphene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, magnetic nanomaterials, non-magnetic nanoparticles) and also point-of-care sensors and functionalization to generate optimized nanotechnology-based sensors to pollutants'detection. The fifth and last part of Nanotechnology-based Sensors for Efficient Detection of Environmental Pollution will address relevant practical aspects related to nanotechnology-based sensors, covering advantages and challenges, safety, economic and commercial aspects related to the field and also sustainability, highlighting green nanomaterials on nanotechnology-based sensors. - Provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of nanotechnology-based sensors - Supplies readers extensive knowledge on detecting harmful pollutants in different environments using nanotechnology-based sensors - Presents chapters dedicated to the detection of pollutants different from toxic gas and pharmaceutical products, such as pesticides, heavy metals, dyes, pathogens, and petroleum hydrocarbons - Introduces information on pollutants and the threats they represent to living beings, nanotechnology-based sensor's design and fabrication, a brief history of the field, and practical issues related to the field, such as economics, safety, and challenges

Air Conditioning with Natural Energy is a comprehensive examination of the principles, theory, applications, and energy saving performance of newly developed technologies for air conditioning using natural energy. Based on the latest research and real-world case studies from North America, Europe, and China, the book provides an engineering perspective on the design and application of air conditioning from multiple climates. The book is divided into two parts. Part I examines the range of air conditioning technologies that use natural energy. This includes enhanced treatment technologies for outdoor air such as earth-to-air heat exchanger, fresh air pre-handling system using shallow geothermal energy, as well as newly developed technologies such as pipe-embedded wall, nocturnal cooling wall, and pipe-embedded window systems. With particular focus on applications in China, Part II provides real world case studies from multiple climatic zones, demonstrating the practical application and implementation of these technologies. Each case study analyses the carbon emission reduction potential, energy saving potential and the operational performance of the technologies. Air Conditioning with Natural Energy is an invaluable review of the latest developments in air conditioning technologies for practicing engineers, researchers, and students involved in the design and implementation of HVAC systems or working in the fields of thermal and mechanical engineering and the sustainable built environment. - Explains the theory and principles underpinning the latest and most important air conditioning technologies with natural energy - Provides a new decision-making index and revised degree hours to evaluate the energy saving potential of different air conditioning technologies with natural energy, helping readers identify the most suitable air conditioning technology for any climate zone - Analyzes the energy saving potential of different technologies from real projects in different climate zones and calculates the contribution of carbon emission reduction that can be achieved globally

Occurrence and Behavior of Emerging Contaminants in Organic Wastes and Their Control Strategies provides updated information on the occurrence, monitoring, and behavior of emerging contaminants discharged into the environment from different anthropogenic activities as well as organic wastes management practices, which can be beneficial in classifying and broadly addressing the assessment, treatment, disposal, and management of organic wastes. This book will cover the occurrences of nanoparticles, microplastics, antibiotic resistance genes, disinfection by-products, medical waste, pharmaceutical and personal care products, and other emerging contaminants discharged in different types of organic wastes. Researchers, scientists, graduate, and postgraduate students will find this book to be a timely contribution that will be useful in identifying and comprehensively addressing occurrence and behavior of emerging contaminants in organic wastes. - Covers a broad range of information on different emerging contaminants presented in different types of organic wastes - Deals with insights, behaviors, monitoring, and pathways of emerging contaminants in the classification, transport, treatment, and disposal of organic wastes - Illustrates the environmental risks of emerging contaminants in final waste products of organic wastes - Highlights feasible control strategies for emerging contaminants during the whole process of organic waste management

Provides a fully organized, comprehensive, and holistic analysis of the impact of urban overheating, mitigation, and adaptation on energy, health, environmental quality, survivability, quality of life, and economy Mitigation and Adaptation of Urban Overheating aims to analyze and present all existing relative studies to investigate the global magnitude and characteristics of the ambient temperature drop and the reduction of the heat burden resulting from modified climate conditions due to the implementation of urban mitigation and adaptation technologies and policies. This book will discuss urban overheating, urban heat mitigation, governance, anthropogenic heat emissions, adaptation and adaptation technologies, and their impacts on urban environmental quality, urban health, energy supply and demand, low-income and aged populations, and the economy of cities. This book incorporates recent developments on urban climatology, urban overheating, mitigation, and adaptation technologies. - Provides quantitative and qualitative information to overcome and bridge the existing gap of knowledge regarding the impact of urban overheating, mitigation, and adaptation - Includes the latest developments on the evaluation of urban climatic change on energy, health, environment, society, and economy - Explains the impact of urban climatic change, mitigation technologies, and adaptation technologies on built environment

Treatment and Utilization of Combustion and Incineration Residues introduces state-of-art strategies for combustion and incineration solid residue management and utilization. The book also reviews current technologies for pollutant removal and control of combustion and incineration residues. Recycling ashes and slags in sustainable construction materials are also evaluated on environmental impacts and engineering values, and the use of different ashes and slags in cement clinker production is classified based on the sources and properties of the residues. In addition, the recovery of valuable metals and inorganic elements is also discussed. Finally, Treatment and Utilization of Combustion and Incineration Residues examines the latest understanding of reaction mechanisms of various treatment technologies is elaborated to foster the future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for combustion/incineration residues. - Provides systematical classification and introduction of combustion/incineration solid residues - Introduces the detoxification and purification technologies of hazardous combustion/incineration ashes and slags - Highlights the treatment and recycling approaches of combustion and incineration residues in cement clinker production and sustainable construction materials manufacture - Provides systematical classification and introduction of combustion/incineration solid residues - Introduces the detoxification and purification technologies of hazardous combustion/incineration ashes and slags - Highlights the treatment and recycling approaches of combustion and incineration residues in cement clinker production and sustainable construction materials manufacture

The Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Optimization Models for Decision Making covers the discussion about water, energy, and food as a crucial resource for human well-being and for sustainable development. These resources are inextricable interrelated, therefore, to cover water, energy, and food demands in different sectors and at different scales, it must be considered several sources to produce resources even conventional or unconventional, and there must be considered the interlinkages of resources for a proper integration. This book will emphasize several issues that must be considered in the design of water-energy-food nexus systems such as the selection of technologies to produce water or energy, size of technologies and food required to cover nutritional demands. Therefore, in The Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Optimization Models for Decision Making, mathematical models are presented for the design of water-energy-food nexus systems involving several strategies to account for issues like sustainable development, security of resources, interest in conflicts from stakeholders, and efficient allocation of resources. - Includes different optimization models for the integration of water-energy-food nexus - Considers sustainability criteria in the presented models - Helps readers understand different approaches for trade-off solutions - Presents general software that can be used in solving different problems

Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides insights into the critical parameters of Earth's evolution, particularly in terms of thermal state, tectonics, and the atmosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere system, that control the metallogeny of the planet. World-class to giant mineral systems are described and interpreted in terms of their relationship to critical periods of change in tectonic regimes within the supercontinent cycle and evolution of the mantle lithosphere. Specific times of formation of highly anomalous giant mineral systems, such as the so-called Boring Billion, are discussed together with specific tectonic environments, such as craton edges and thick lithosphere margins. Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides an overview of how the evolution of Earth has dictated the nature and distribution of its mineral resources that are the foundation of our modern industries and provides insights into critical parameters for conceptual exploration targeting. Researchers, academicians, undergraduate and graduate students, and geologists in the fields of economic geology, geologic exploration, mineral systems, and earth evolution will find this to be a helpful textbook in understanding the timing and distribution of the world's major mineral deposits are related to critical parameters controlling earth evolution. - Draws together aspects of each book section through summary tables - Synthesizes data in each book section using summary diagrams/figures - Provides continuity between related sections of the book by providing end-of-chapter bullet-point conclusions

Ecohydrology of Kerala: River Catchments and Coastal Backwaters presents 20 years of research to provide suggestions for sustainable management solutions for issues surrounding the urbanization of the rivers of Kerala. This helps identify major issues and develop management strategies. Themes explored include biogeochemistry of rivers/estuarine systems, productivity and trophic status, biology: fauna and flora, biodiversity, threats and conservation, invasive species and impact on riverine ecology, landscape/land use/land cover change in the catchment, socioeconomic status of catchment population, economic and livelihood activities along the river courses/estuaries (river and estuarine tourism, sand extraction, fisheries), pollution monitoring and assessment, impacts of climate change, and more. This book can be used as a tool in the holistic management of resources, and to devise proper mitigation measures. The content of the book is a model for other tropical regions and countries with rapidly developing economies and populations - Presents spatial maps and easy to follow figures in each chapter, aiding in a foundational understanding of the topic - Provides a fully comprehensive overview, including biogeochemistry, ecology, productivity, livelihood, socioeconomic aspects, and governance of the rivers - Includes specific cases of ecohydrology in the river basin, especially from rivers and coastal lakes of Kerala