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This book comprehensively presents the geography of landforms linked to periglacial processes across Europe. The landscape of the European cold climate regions, both at high latitudes and in mountainous environments, represent the lingering, minimal expression of the glaciers. In addition, periglacial elements can be found in temperate regions, where temperatures no longer favor periglacial processes, so landforms are therefore inherited from previous cold phases.The book is divided into five parts: an introductory section on climate variability responsible for periglacial dynamics across Europe; a second part including 3 blocks on periglacial landforms in southern, central and northern Europe; and a final chapter providing a more general perspective on the impact of periglacial processes on the landscape of Europe. The book offers a valuable reference guide for scientists from all disciplines interested in cold climate processes, as well as readers outside academia (territorial managers, environmentalists, mountaineers, politicians, engineers, etc.).

Stratigraphy & Timescales, Volume Six in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series covers research in stratigraphic disciplines, including the most recent developments in the geosciences. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy with its inclusion of a variety of topics, including Carbon isotope stratigraphy - principles and applications, Interpreting Phanerozoic δ13C patterns as periodic glacio-eustatic sequences, Stable carbon isotopes in archaeological plant remains, Review of the Upper Ediacaran-Lower Cambrian Detrital Series in Central and North Iberia: NE Africa as possible Source Area, Calibrating δ13C and δ18O chemostratigraphic correlations across Cambrian strata of SW, and much more. - Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field - Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more

A guide to the systematic understanding of the geoarchaeological matrix Reconstructing Archaeological Sites offers an important text that puts the focus on basic theoretical and practical aspects of depositional processes in an archaeological site. It contains an in-depth discussion on the role of stratigraphy that helps determine how deposits are organised in time and space. The authors — two experts in the field — include the information needed to help recognise depositional systems, processes and stratigraphic units that aid in the interpreting the stratigraphy and deposits of a site in the field. The book is filled with practical tools, numerous illustrative examples, drawings and photos as well as compelling descriptions that help visualise depositional processes and clarify how these build the stratigraphy of a site. Based on the authors'years of experience, the book offers a holistic approach to the study of archaeological deposits that spans the broad fundamental aspects to the smallest details. This important guide: Offers information and principles for interpreting natural and anthropogenic sediments and physical processes in sites Provides a framework for reconstructing the history of a deposit and the site Outlines the fundamental principles of site formation processes Explores common misconceptions about what constitutes a deposit Presents a different approach for investigating archaeological stratigraphy based on sedimentary principles Written for archaeologists and geoarchaeologists at all levels of expertise as well as senior level researchers, Reconstructing Archaeological Sites offers a guide to the theory and practice of how stratigraphy is produced and how deposits can be organised in time and space.

The monograph offers a comprehensive discussion of the role of evaporites in hydrocarbon generation and trapping, and new information on low temperature and high temperature ores. It also provides a wealth of information on exploitable salts, in a comprehensive volume has been assembled and organized to provide quick access to relevant information on all matters related to evaporites and associated brines. In addition, there are summaries of evaporite karst hazards, exploitative methods and problems that can arise in dealing with evaporites in conventional and solution mining. This second edition has been revised and extended, with three new chapters focusing on ore minerals in different temperature settings and a chapter on meta-evaporites. Written by a field specialist in research and exploration, the book presents a comprehensive overview of the realms of low- and high-temperature evaporite evolution. It is aimed at earth science professionals, sedimentologists, oil and gas explorers, mining geologists as well as environmental geologists.

The first edition of the Handbook of Clay Science published in 2006 assembled the scattered literature on the varied and diverse aspects that make up the discipline of clay science. The topics covered range from the fundamental structures (including textures) and properties of clays and clay minerals, through their environmental, health and industrial applications, to their analysis and characterization by modern instrumental techniques. Also included are the clay-microbe interaction, layered double hydroxides, zeolites, cement hydrates, and genesis of clay minerals as well as the history and teaching of clay science. The 2e adds new information from the intervening 6 years and adds some important subjects to make this the most comprehensive and wide-ranging coverage of clay science in one source in the English language. - Provides up-to-date, comprehensive information in a single source - Covers applications of clays, as well as the instrumental analytical techniques - Provides a truly multidisciplinary approach to clay science

During the 2nd International Symposium on Fossil Algae, organized by the University P. & M. Curie, Paris, in April 1979, a special session was devoted to stromatolites; 29 papers were presented in French, English, or Russian. Among the papers selected originally, 16 were carried out to the final stage by their authors. They are presented here in their stratigraphical order. This selection does not pretend to cover the problem of Phanerozoic stromatolites in its entirety, but relates case histories. This should be the seed for further books analyzing and illus­ trating the paleoecology, the niche and the features of Phanerozoic stromatolites, namely throughout the Mesozoic and the Paleozoic, where the data are still scarce; this will lead to naturalistic views on the evolutionary features of Post Riphean stromes, and will sharpen tools to interpret their Precambrian ancestors. Let me introduce the papers. CLAUDE L. V. MONTY formalizes two basic types of crypt algal micro­ structures: the spongiostromate and the porostromate microstructures respectively; the rise of the latter around the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary represents a very significant step in the evolution of cyano­ bacterial microstructures and in their interaction with the environment. K. K. VERMA and G. BARMAN present a lower Phanerozoic stroma­ tolitic assemblage from Rajasthan associated with paralic alluvial fans fed by block faulting. Main stromatolite developments occurred during periods of low sedimentation and negligable tectonics, and formed in very shallow marine water. J.

Coated grains have always attracted attention, at first of naturalists, and later of geologists, and the interest in these peculiar bodies was re­ lated both to their intriguing form and their significance in facies inter­ pretation and sedimentology and to their relevance to accumulations of hydrocarbons and other mineral deposits. This resulted in numerous publications on this subject, and the intention of this volume is to sum­ marize the present state of knowledge on coated grains. The idea of the book was to unite some general papers with papers reporting case studies of both recent and ancient coated grains. The organization of the book follows this intention. The papers presented in this volume have been invited by the editor; the theme of the book merits a few words of personal history. The development of studies of coated grains during the last two decades has not only resulted in a great increase in knowledge of recent and ancient environments of coated grain formation, but also numerous important and controversial questions of classification, environmental significance, mineralogical composition etc. of ancient coated grains have arisen. To answer these questions, in 1978 I started the study of many ancient and recent occurrences of coated grains at the Institut fUr Geologie, Ruhr-UniversiUH Bochum, following the invitation of Hans Fiichtbauer and sponsored by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung.

The existence of rapid and even catastrophic turnovers within the Phanerozoic ecosystems has been discussed controversially for more than 170 years. Since 1980 this discussion has become even more intensive after the hypothesis of Alvarez, explaining the end-Cretaceous mass extinction as the result of a huge asteroid impact on the Earth. This theory stimulated several thousand papers and is still controversial. The international research programme on'Global Biological Events in Earth History'attempts to bring the discussion back to the facts by using multidisciplinary investigations of the major Phanerozoic events. The results of an international group of experts are presented giving a wealth of information and a thorough discussion of the causes of the various global events.

Sedimentary basins host, among others, most of our energy and fresh-water resources: they can be regarded as large geo-reactors in which many physical and chemical processes interact. Their complexity can only be well understood in well-organized interdisciplinary co-operations. This book documents how researchers from different geo-scientific disciplines have jointly analysed the structural, thermal, and sedimentary evolution as well as fluid dynamics of a complex sedimentary basin system which has experienced a variety of activation and reactivation impulses as well as intense salt tectonics. In this book we have summarized our geological, geophysical and geochemical understanding of some of the most important processes affecting sedimentary basins in general and our view on the evolution of one of the largest, best explored and most complex continental sedimentary basins on Earth: The Central European Basin System.

What is the important geologic information recorded in Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins (TBFB) on the evolution of orogens? How do they transcript the coupled influence of deep and surficial geological processes? Is it still worth looking for hydrocarbons in foothills areas? These and other questions are addressed in the volume edited by Lacombe, LavA(c), Roure and VergA(c)s, which constitutes the Proceedings of the first meeting of the new ILP task force on''Sedimentary Basins,''held in December 2005 at the Institut FranAais du PA(c)trole, on behalf of the SociA(c)tA(c) GA(c)ologique de Fra.

The monograph offers a comprehensive discussion of the role of evaporites in hydrocarbon generation and trapping. For the first time, diverse knowledge on exploitable salts has been assembled and organized, along with a summary of evaporate karst hazards as well as a summary of exploitative methods and pitfalls in dealing with evaporites in conventional and solution mining. Written by a field specialist in research and exploration, the book presents a comprehensive synthesis of the low temperature realm of evaporite evolution. It is aimed for earth science professionals, sedimentologists, oil and gas explorers, mining geologists, as well as environmental geologists.

Diese bisher umfassendste Monographie über den Muschelkalk erfasst auf 1256 (!!) Seiten mit 56 Kapiteln von 41 Autoren aus 8 Ländern den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand zum Muschelkalk und erweitert ihn um viel Neues. Die Kapitel sind sorgfältig aufeinander abgestimmt, mit Zusammenfassung und englischen Abstracts versehen und mit 477 meist farbigen Abbildungen und ganzseitigen Bildtableaus sowie 48 Tabellen hervorragend illustriert. Die Monographie besteht aus zwei Teilbänden die nur zusammen geliefert werden. Teilband 1 beschreibt nach einer methodischen Einführung zunächst den obertägigen Muschelkalk-Ausstrich und typische Muschelkalklandschaften, dann die geologischen Strukturen und das Klima des triaszeitlichen Ablagerungsraums, die Dauer und zeitliche Einstufung des Muschelkalks und paläobiogeographische Beziehungen zum Tethys-Raum. Der Erforschungsgeschichte von Stratigraphie und Lebewelt des Muschelkalks sind eigene Kapitel gewidmet, ebenso den Lebensgemeinschaften sowie den Spuren und Fährten. 10 Kapitel behandeln alle biostratigraphisch verwertbaren Fossilgruppen und Biozonen und zwar nicht nur Cephalopoden, Conodonten und Palynomorphe, sondern auch weitere Wirbellose und Wirbeltiere mit biostratigraphischem Potenzial. Von zentraler Bedeutung sind die formalisierten Beschreibungen der Muschelkalk-Gruppe und ihrer drei Subgruppen mit den 19 Formationen und 45 Subformationen, außerdem die Leitbänke, die der Abgrenzung von Folgen und Subfolgen dienen. Die Kapitel über Zyklentypen und -hierarchien und ihren Wert für die zeitliche Kalibrierung des Muschelkalks und über die Faziesräume entwerfen ein klares Bild von der Dynamik des Mitteleuropäischen Beckens und seinen wechselnden Gesteinsfüllungen während der Mitteltrias. Wie Methoden der Geochemie, Mineralogie und Isotopenbestimmung und die Analyse geophysikalischer Logs für die untertägigen Vorkommen zu neuen Erkenntnissen führen, ist in weiteren Kapiteln dargestellt. Teilband 2 vertieft in 15 plus 5 Kapiteln die regionalen Ausprägungen von Stratigraphie, Fazies und Paläontologie in den Aufschluss- und Subsurface-Gebieten in Deutschland und seinen Nachbarländern. Profilserien, Schnitte, Blockbilder und Karten, dazu zahlreiche Aufschluss- und Faziesbilder veranschaulichen die Texte. In den Grafiken und Tabellen sind neben den lithostratigraphischen Einheiten der Perm-Trias Subkommission auch die bisher von den geologischen Diensten verwendeten Bezeichnungen erfasst, was die Erschließung der älteren Literatur erleichtert. Ein eigenes Kapitel beschreibt die tethyalen mitteltriassischen Gesteine und ihre stratigraphischen Einheiten in den bayerischen Nördlichen Kalkalpen, ihren Fossilinhalt und ihre zeitliche Einstufung. Schließlich finden die mineralischen Rohstoffe Kalkstein, Gips, Anhydrit und Steinsalz sowie die Naturwerksteine mit ihren regionalen Vorkommen und Ausprägungen eine repräsentative Darstellung. Abgeschlossen wird der Band mit einer Übersicht zu den lithostratigraphischen Kürzeln, die mit den herkömmlichen Kürzeln der geologischen Dienste korreliert werden, und einer umfassenden Liste von Bohr- und Tagesaufschlüssen jeweils mit geographischen Koordinaten und Angaben zum stratigraphischen Umfang. Texte und Abbildungen sprechen zum einen den Fachwissenschaftler an, der das Bekannte übersichtlich aufgearbeitet findet und dazu viel Neues. Für die vielen Sammler von Muschelkalkfossilien bietet der Band eine Fülle von Informationen zu regionalen und stratigraphischen Vorkommen und nicht zuletzt eine aktuelle Übersicht zur sonst kaum noch überschaubaren Fachliteratur. Auch den kommentierenden Forschungsbericht mit bibliographischen Nachweisen zur Spezialliteratur seit Martin Schmidts Lebewelt unserer Trias werden Sammler wie auch Geologen und Paläontologen sch

Prepared by some of the world's leading experts in the field, this book is the first summarizing work on the origin, importance and exploitation of paleokarst. It offers an extensive regional survey, mainly concerning the Northern Hemisphere, as well as a thorough analysis of the problems of research into paleokarst phenomena, with particular emphasis on theoretical contributions and practical exploitation. By concentrating on phenomena which have appeared in the course of geological history, the book represents a substantial development in the general theory of paleokarst and demonstrates the advantages of a comprehensive approach to the problem. Considerable emphasis is put on the economic importance of paleokarst phenomena, from the point of view of exploiting significant deposits of mineral raw materials, as well as from a civil engineering and hydrological point of view.Since the publication deals with a boundary scientific discipline, it is intended for specialists from various branches of science: geologists, paleontologists, economic geologists, geographers, mining engineers and hydrogeologists.