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Artificial Intelligence in Future Mining explores the latest developments in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in mining and how it will impact the industry's future. The application of data science and artificial intelligence in future mining involves using advanced technologies to optimize operations, improve decision-making, and enhance safety and sustainability in the industry. After a brief history of AI in mining, the book's editors look closely at different AI techniques used. Chapters explore ocean mining, brine mining, and urban mining. With an eye towards sustainability, the editors then review the future of wastewater mining and green mining.The book wraps up with chapters on safety and risk, resource planning, and a larger discussion of the opportunities and challenges of mining with AI in the future. This book is a must-have for researchers and professionals who find themselves at the intersection of mining, engineering, and data science. - Provides high-level analyses as well as practical insights and real-world examples on the impact of AI on future mining - Includes case studies on the application of data processing, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence in environmental sensing - Provides in-depth discussion of the future implications of AI on the mining industry at the end of each chapter

This book concentrates on summarizing previous seismic scientific investigations in order to form standard procedures, approaches, and data sharing for the investigation of future large earthquake. Scientific investigation of large earthquake plays a crucial role in acquiring various records related to earthquake cycle processes and improving the knowledge of earthquake physics and earthquake forecasting. The book aims to provide a guide for the readers seeking earthquake knowledge by probing into the multi-disciplinary investigation of large earthquakes. The book is motivated by recent advances of seismic investigation, including novel geophysical technologies. It is an essential reference to scientifically and systematically investigate future large earthquakes. Chapters are carefully developed to cover seismogenic structure, seismogenic mechanism, earthquake evolution process, influence of the occurred earthquake on regional earthquake hazard, and earthquake disaster mechanism. The book is written for researchers of seismotectonics, earthquake physics, engineering geology, earthquake engineering, natural hazard prevention, and policy-makers engaged in post-hazard restoration.

Metallic Mineral Resources: The Critical Components for a Sustainable Earth serves the increasing interest in metal resources, especially the critical and strategic metals which are essential commodities for the green energy transition. The opening chapters introduce the heterogeneous distribution of metal resources as well as the industrial use of metals. The main chapters then work systematically through abundant metal systems, scarce critical metal systems, rare critical metal systems, trace critical metal systems, and precious metal systems. The book wraps with a close examination of temporal distribution of mineral resources and an insightful discussion of the future of mineral resources. Researchers and engineers in economic geology and mining and exploration industries will find themselves returning to this key reference for years to come.• Describes how mineable and economic metal concentrations form and are preserved in the Earth's upper crust • Explores how they are discovered by systematic mineral exploration at a variety of scales • Discusses how to educate the public on the scarcity of natural metal resources and the issues concerning the nexus between the energy transition and potential exhaustion of critical metals

This book is the second volume in a series on montology dedicated to the transdisciplinary reflection of mountain research, considering the diversity of views on mountains and their problemata in the context of rapid technological development and unprecedented accumulation and dissemination of information around the world. The necessity for a new orderly and structured lexicon arose from the need to critically reassess the colonial past in the development of mountain territories, the development of a new and alternative understanding of mountain topics in the light of decolonized epistemology. The creation of coordinated and ordered terms for the main parts of mountain research creates the basis for an unorthodox understanding of the ontology of mountains and helps to better understand the complex cultural and natural essence of mountain socio-ecological systems. At the same time, a local episteme of mountains, considering local values, small scales, and vernacular visions are of particular importance, which must be taken into account in the current terminology. The purpose of the book is to provide methodological support for montology as a convergent and transdisciplinary science of mountains, based on the harmonization of its terminological base. The book pays special attention to onomastics, toponymy, standardization and other nuances of terms used in mountain research. According to this goal, three dozen articles in a relatively small format (about 3 pages) vividly, attractively and innovatively reflect the modern view of one or more related terms. Articles include definition(s) of the term, description of etymology, onomastics or toponymy used, examples of local characteristics compared to traditional sources, possible vernacular terms. Articles are grouped into four main areas: 1) Basic glossary of montology terminology, 2) Towards mountain socio-ecological systems, 3) Innovative disciplinary systemic realm, 4) Mountain classifications, onomastics, critical toponomy and rediscovery of meaning. The authors of the articles are leading experts in the field of mountain research from around the world. The book is intended for scientists, experts and teachers. It is provided with an annotated list of the most important montology terms.

This book focuses on Peru's highest and most glacierized mountain range – the Cordillera Blanca. This mountain range experienced numerous disasters in the past (e.g. lake Palcacocha outburst in 1941, earthquake-induced ice and rock avalanche from Mt. Huascarán in 1970) and has attracted the attention of researchers from around the world. The 15 chapters of the book span from broadly thematic topics of geology, geomorphology, climate, hydrology and hydrogeology, lakes, glaciation, and environmental settings to more specific topics and emergent themes of relevance for the Cordillera Blanca, including studies of various types of natural hazards (landslides, GLOFs). While most of the chapters focus on biophysical processes of the natural environment, several chapters explore the complex interactions between humans and environmental factors, providing insights and perspectives from social science and the humanities. This book offers an unprecedentedly comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge about the geo-environmental changes in the Cordillera Blanca.

This book covers the various ways in which rivers discharge water and sediment load, which is characteristic of the current situation caused by both human activity and the natural riverine environment. The knowledge of river inclinations and flow patterns points to more river ecosystem management and current multifaceted conditions. Technology advancements in river watershed studies have demonstrated the difference between natural river systems and human-influenced hydrological environments and surface processes. Lastly, the relationship between river systems and modern activity is impacted by climate change which is also discussed in this volume. This edited book is organized into four parts, each discussing a different aspect of modern river science for watershed management, including GIS and hydrogeological applications, rainfall-runoff modeling that is up to date, hydrological processes, artificial intelligence, and GIS. Moreover, it provides a wealth of information about watershed management, particularly for researchers and experts in the hydrogeological field. It covers advanced applications of river morphometric dynamics conditions, flood risk assessment, sediment load discharge, and their flux measurements, as well as field-oriented aspects of the river environment and GIS. The book can be used to update current river science studies and to expand scientific understanding for projects related to studies. The edited book is primarily intended for postgraduate students, researchers, and experts and practitioners in the fields of hydrology, field hydrogeology (water resource exploration), dam studies, and groundwater potential investigation. It is also intended for young researchers, scholars, and practitioners working in the field of water resource exploration.

Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Third Edition, Six Volume Set brings together the multidisciplinary expertise needed to understand the history of humans, life, environmental, and climate change to understand what we may expect over the coming decades. Since publication of the previous edition, our understanding of many topics has been revolutionized by new discoveries and new techniques. The development of ancient DNA studies, for example, has revolutionized our thinking about the origins, dispersal, and population dynamics of our ancestors. Every new aDNA analysis from ancient human remains causes the story to become more complex.We are the sole survivors of the genus Homo, yet we harbor genetic fragments from other closely related but long-extinct lineages. The Quaternary is uniquely situated as a laboratory in which to study the shaping of the modern world, including biotic responses to large-scale environmental change. This new edition of this book is the most comprehensive account of state-of-the-art research in this field. - Revised and expanded, this new edition brings the science up-to-date by featuring advances in all the multi-disciplinary aspects of Quaternary science - Focuses new content on numerical modeling for paleoclimate and ice-sheet reconstructions, which have greatly advanced since publication of the Second Edition - Covers ancient DNA, which has revolutionized our knowledge of human origins and dispersals, plant and animal population genetics, and more - Includes short, structured chapters, which help readers finding the information they need and save time

This book focuses on landslide hazard mapping, identification of site-specific drivers of landslide occurrence, and assessment of landslide susceptibility, vulnerability, risk and mitigation using advanced techniques and approaches. The book encompasses the use of geospatial technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms, and advanced statistical models to explore multi-dimensionality of landslide hazard. The book is a synthesis of research papers presented at the National Conference on Landslide Risk Assessment and Mitigation in India, organized by the Department of Geography, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, 01–02 November 2022. The book is organized into four parts made up of 21 chapters. Part I deals with landslide hazard mapping. Part II covers landslide susceptibility mapping and assessment. Part III evaluates landslide risk. Finally, Part IV presents multi-disciplinary approach and holistic mechanism to devise landslide mitigation strategies. The chapters help better understand the intertwined physical processes, causes of landslides, potential risk factors, movement characteristics, and role of engineering and technology to minimize upcoming human, physical and economic losses. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, academicians, stakeholders, and policy makers.

Safeguarding Mountain Social-Ecological Systems, Volume Two: Building Transformative Resilience in Mountain Regions Worldwide presents an overview of the relevant research in mountain regions worldwide, identifies existing challenges, and provides an understanding of the diversity of mountain ecosystems in different regions. It focuses on understanding, protecting, and enhancing mountain social-ecological systems.This second volume places a stronger emphasis on building transformative resilience in mountain regions, indicating a focus on proactive measures to address challenges and promote sustainable development. It also highlights regional perspectives and case studies and insights from various mountain regions worldwide. - Focuses on existing efforts, emerging risks, and collaborative initiatives in the field of mountain social-ecological systems - Allows readers to gain insights into diverse social-ecological systems and understand the unique challenges and opportunities associated with each region - Explores strategies and approaches to enhance the resilience of mountain social-ecological systems through case studies, insights, and opportunities presented in each region

This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). The book provides a common platform for the publication of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, which is expected to continue up to 2030 and even beyond to globally promote the understanding and reduction of landslide disaster risk, as well as to address the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals.

Geology and Landscape Evolution: General Principles Applied to the United States, Third Edition is an accessible text that balances interdisciplinary theory and applications within the physical geography, geology, geomorphology and climatology of the United States. The vast diversity of terrain and landscape across the United States makes this an ideal tool for geoscientists worldwide who research the country's geological and landscape evolution. The book provides an explanation of how landscape forms and how it evolves. This edition is fully updated with 3 additional sections: Geologic and Tectonic Processes and Provinces; Surface Processes and Provinces; and Compressional Mountain Systems. Rather than limiting the coverage specifically to tectonics or to the origin and evolution of rocks with little regard for the actual landscape beyond general desert, river, and glacial features, this book concentrates specifically on the origin of the landscape itself, with specific and exhaustive references and examples from across the United States. The book goes on to apply those concepts to specific examples throughout the United States, making it a valuable resource for understanding theoretical geological concepts through a practical lens. - Presents the complexities of physical geography, geology, geomorphology and climatology of the United States through an interdisciplinary, highly accessible approach - Offers hundreds of figures, maps and photographs that capture the systematic interaction of land, rock, rivers, glaciers, global wind patterns and climate, including Google Earth images - Provides a thorough assessment of the logic, rationale, and tools required to understand how to interpret landscape and the geological history of the Earth - Features exercises that conclude each chapter, aiding in the retention of key concepts - Includes 3 new sections and 8 additional chapters, as well as major updates to chapters throughout

This book studies mountains with a global perspective, like a complex topographic and topoclimatic mosaic organized in altitudinal belts that are influenced by a huge variability in slopes, soils, lithology and insolation. Furthermore, the presence of lower temperatures, higher precipitation and the seasonal presence of snow create conditions conductive to supporting various life forms and natural geomorphological and hydrological processes. The integration of environmental and human aspects highlights the impacts of human activities and climate fluctuations on soil hydrology, soil erosion, water resources, and landscape/landforms evolution. After presenting the way in which humans (from Prehistory to Alexander von Humboldt) discovered the mountains, subsequent chapters try to underline the importance of mountains in generating water resources and hydropower for lowlands, serving as biodiversity hotspots, and contributing to cultural diversity. The book delves into the role ofhuman actives in transforming the natural landscapes and creating new cultural landscapes. This exploration considers the significance of altitudinal belts in shaping the spatial and temporal organization of land uses which, in turn, have been determined by population growth and the development of regional and national markets. Additionally, the book illustrates the effect of global change on mountain evolution, exploring their consequences on landscape characteristics and dynamics as well as on the planetary role of the mountains. It concludes by offering a unique perspective on enhancing mountain conservation in order to preserve cultures, land uses, and landscapes.

Applications of Geospatial Technology and Modeling for River Basin Management, Volume Twelve covers the use of multi-temporal satellite data for accurate estimations of different watershed features. It includes methods and case studies of the use of geographic information systems (GIS) as a valuable tool for criteria-based spatial analysis to manage natural resources and accurately simulate natural phenomena such as the hydrologic response of a watershed to precipitation and susceptibility to water erosion. The book also provides direction on many types of modelling and mapping techniques in geospatial environments based on river basin management challenges. This book will be a useful guide for academics, researchers, and practitioners involved in the use of geospatial technologies for river basin management, as well as those interested in environmental management and Earth surface geomorphology. - Covers the use of geospatial technologies and modeling for effective management of river basins - Includes methodology and detailed case studies showing real-world applications at a variety of scales - Emphasizes the importance of integrating geospatial tools in decision-making processes for sustainable water resource management

Advanced Tools for Studying Soil Erosion Processes: Erosion Modelling, Soil Redistribution Rates, Advanced Analysis, and Artificial Intelligence presents the most recent technologies and methods in quantifying soil erosion, focusing on quantitative geomorphological assessment, soil erosion interaction with natural and man-made hazards using new methods, and technologies that employ GIS, remote sensing (RS), spatial modeling, and machine learning tools as an effective plan for decision-makers and land users.Organized into three parts: 1) Erosion processes and impacts, 2) Advanced computing techniques to quantify soil erosion, and 3) Methods of Soil Erosion, this book will be an invaluable source material for researchers, academicians, graduate and undergraduate students, and professionals in the field of geology, specifically focused on geographic information systems and remote sensing. - Provides an overview of soil erosion and its interaction with natural hazards (i.e., geological, hydrological, meteorological, and biological) - Introduces advanced tools and technologies in soil erosion management - Presents future soil erosion opportunities and challenges

The book offers a wide range of research topics that are addressed with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of geomorphological hazards in the Himalaya. It is emphasized the integration of climate-driven morphogenetic and tectonic processes in the Nepal Himalaya as a substantial phenomenon of active collisional orogeny. The extreme dynamics of landform evolution in the Himalayan terranes triggers severe natural hazards and risks. Interdisciplinary research of geomorphological processes and events related to natural hazards in the Nepal Himalaya follows general efforts to reduce geoenvironmental disasters. Visual documentation is of particular importance in the conception of the book, which is intended for specialized researchers as well as students.

This volume presents geological, geographical, environmental, and agriculture related studies on rivers, focusing on basins of the three geomorphic divisions of India, i.e. peninsular India, Indo-Gangetic plain and extra-peninsular India. The book compiles data on both the small and large river systems of India, the large rivers include Jhelum, Ghaghara, Narmada, Son, Krishna and Godavari; and the small scale, rain-fed and groundwater-fed rivers such as Gomti have been studied. The chapters comprehensively provide assessments of geomorphological aspects, river sediment supply, clean water availability for human population, ground water recharge, flood management and irrigation. The information presented in this book will appeal to students, teachers, researchers and planners engaged in river development, management and conservation.

Treatise on Geochemistry, Third Edition, 8 volume set is an invaluable resource for geoscientists and others seeking to understand the origin, evolution, and functioning of our inhabited world, in service of a sustainable future.Our need to understand our planet is being reshaped by two ongoing scientific revolutions: the discovery of thousands of exoplanets and the advent of the Anthropocene. These seemingly disparate revolutions challenge us to deepen our understanding of Earth, as our best path to understanding how inhabited planets work. Geochemical knowledge and discovery are at the heart of this challenge, the crossroads where all geoscience subdisciplines meet – much as chemistry is often said to be the'central science', geochemistry is the'central geoscience'. Treatise on Geochemistry fills the gap between mature and established geochemical knowledge, including analytical developments and the rapidly evolving frontiers of the field. - Provides complete and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the multi-disciplinary field of geochemistry - Restructured to streamline and consolidate topics and draw explicit connections to the twin revolutions of Astrobiology and the Anthropocene in each volume's introductory chapter - Updates to the new edition include new and expanded coverage of emerging topics like cosmochemistry, planetary geochemistry, and exoplanets - Follows a common template, making the work consistent and easier to navigate

This book provides an introduction to rocky landscapes through carefully selected images from Google Earth, discussing what they show and provides references to the sites portrayed so that readers can go deeper if they wish. Google Earth (GE) is remarkably useful for examining and appreciating phenomena on the face of the Earth. This book demonstrates its value for understanding the landscapes associated with particular rock types and structures, and for appreciating their aesthetics. The text describes the feature(s) concerned, their location and their origin, often accompanied by ground images taken by the author.

This book explores a platform for insightful discussions and scientific discourse on various aspects of landslides and their risk management, with insights focused on the Himalayan states at a sub-regional level. A fundamental reference is thus provided for further research not only in landslides but also in associated natural hazards. The book is divided into four major parts, starting from conceptual models in approaching landslide risk, followed by evaluation of risk, management of landslide risk, end-to-end solutions for landslide risk assessment, and a synopsis. Included are topics such as the nature of landslide hazard impact, scale dependency in landslide hazard and risk analysis, and systematic procedures of landslide hazard mapping for risk assessment using spatial prediction models. The book also covers such important aspects as the response of the insurance industry to landslide risk and the role of administrative bodies in landslide risk assessment and sustainable management. Readers gain ample knowledge through case studies regarding the types of landslides in the Himalayan region, which will help them in their future research hypotheses.

The book presents the cyclicity and micro-cyclicity phenomena which occurred during climate changes and during marine transgressions and regressions. As calculated by the author on the basis of geological research, the climatic cycle of the Earth allows a better understanding of climate changes and associated geological processes in the last 20,000 years. In addition, the author discusses the structure of the sub-Quaternary bedrock and analyses complex geological structures of the Baltic Sea Quaternary deposits. Individual chapters address key aspects of: tectonic and geological analysis of the Baltic Sea basin detailed tectonic and geological analysis of the Polish Baltic Sea and Polish coastal zone global geotectonic cycles of the supercontinents cyclicity and micro-cyclicity arising in the atmosphere and hydrosphere of the Earth the climatic cycle of the Earth, presented for a better understanding of climate changes and associated geological processes in the last 20,000 years calculating the extent of the influence of climate change and tectonic movements on marine transgressions and regressions simulation and correlation of the 310-year climate cycle predicted future Earth climate cycles in the Northern Hemisphere The book will be useful for students and scientists of marine geology, oceanography, geography and environmental engineering. It will also be of practical utility for all specialists dealing with marine basins and coastal zones, including marine geologists, coastal geologists and geomorphologists, geographers, as well as engineering geologists, geotechnicians and civil engineers. The book is generally related to the discipline of marine geology, and deals directly with the Baltic Sea basin. However, the climate cycle of the Earth, which affects the course of marine transgressions and regressions, has a supra-regional dimension.

Geology and Natural Resources of Nigeria is an up‑to‑date and comprehensive overview of the geological framework of the continental crust of Nigeria, its evolution, and the natural resources it holds. It covers a wide set of topics and provides a detailed description of the rock units of the Nigerian continental crust, their geological settings and structural characteristics, and the potential of their mineral, energy, and water resources. The book discusses the impact of geo‑resources on the Nigerian economy, includes recommendations on how to fully exploit geo‑resources, and explains how to prevent geological processes that could lead to natural hazards.FEATURES Provides different aspects of the Nigerian continental crust from a multidisciplinary approach Draws on the latest findings in geoscience research to present new insights and perspectives into the development and resource potential of the Nigerian continental crust Includes multiple case studies to illustrate the exploration and evaluation of the geological resources of Nigeria Explores the potential of geological resources for economic and industrial development Presents scientific achievements of authors and researchers from various disciplines and provides recommendations for mitigating natural hazards This handbook is intended for industry professionals, academics, researchers, and students studying earth sciences with a special interest in Africa and learning how its geology impacts the natural resources and overall economy of the continent.

The ancient Egyptian Civilization dominated the northeast corner of Africa—including modern-day Egypt and, at times, northern Sudan—from about 3000 BC at the beginning of the Dynastic period to AD 642 at the end of the Roman period. Most of what it left behind consists of stones of many kinds. There were building stones for temples, pyramids, mastaba tombs, and other monumental constructions; and utilitarian stones for tools, weapons, and a wide array of mundane applications, including the raw materials for faience, glass, medicines, paint pigments, and pottery. There were also ornamental stones for decorative and structural elements in buildings, obelisks, statues, sarcophagi, stelae, vessels, shrines, offering tables, mace heads, cosmetic palettes, and other sculpted objects; and gemstones for jewellery, amulets, seals, and other small decorative items. Still more stones were processed to extract their metals, including gold, copper, iron, and lead. Two persistent problems in Egyptology have been the geological identification of these stones, and the recognition of their sources. Archaeology and Geology of Ancient Egyptian Stones seeks to identify and describe all the rocks and minerals employed by the ancient Egyptians using proper geological nomenclature, and to give an account of their sources in so far as they are known. A secondary objective is to describe the multitudinous uses of the stones as well as the technologies employed to extract, transport, carve, and thermally treat them.

The volume is part of World Geomorphological Landscapes series and shows characteristic landscapes and landforms of Poland. It consists of two parts, general and regional. The first part includes overviews of geological history, Quaternary, climate and its impact on landforms, geomorphological division of the country, geoheritage and geoconservation. The second part comprises more nearly 40 region-specific studies to show the diversity of landscapes, from high-mountain relief through medium-altitude forested ranges, limestone uplands and loess plateaus, lowland landscapes moulded by past ice sheets, rivers and aeolian processes, to coastal sceneries. Selected examples of anthropogenically modified landscapes are also considered. Each chapter is accompanied by photographs, maps and diagrams. The volume is intended primarily for geographers and Quaternary geologists, but will be also of interest to anyone interested in natural landscapes and their conservation.

Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis, Case Histories, and Associated Health Issues provides a wealth of information on modern geochemical methods, techniques, and procedures for those studying toxic substances found in soil, air, and water. This new edition takes an especially close look at environmental pollution and its impact on human health. The first third of the book looks at a variety of methods and procedures, such as taking groundwater samples, biological monitoring, geochemical mapping, and models of geochemical speciation. This is followed by a close look at different pollutants, including lead and pesticides. The authors conclude with several detailed case histories examining health issues resulting from environmental pollution. Environmental researchers and practitioners will return to this book again and again in their work towards understanding and reducing the environmental pollutants that affect our health. - Provides an in-depth examinations of the latest geochemical techniques and procedures - Presents a detailed analysis of various applied studies in pollution and contamination - Includes new case histories that highlight environmental pollution and related health issues

Tennessee's geologic history has evolved in myriad ways since its initial formation more than a billion years ago, settling into its current place on the North American supercontinent between 300 and 250 million years ago. Throughout that long span of “deep time,” Tennessee's landscape morphed into its present form.The Last Billion Years: A Geologic History of Tennessee is the first general overview in more than thirty years to interpret the state's geological record. With minimal jargon, numerous illustrations and photographs, and a glossary of scientific terms, this volume provides the tools necessary for readers with little or no background in the subject to learn about the geologic formation of Tennessee, making it an excellent resource for high school students, college students, and interested general readers. Yet, because of the depth of its scholarship, the book is also an invaluable reference for professional geologists.Recognizing that every reader is familiar with the roles of wind, water, gravity, and organisms in their everyday environment, author Don Byerly employs the Earth Systems Science approach, showing how the five interacting parts of the Earth—the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere—have worked together for eons to generate the rock compositions that make up Tennessee's geologic past.All regions of the state are covered. Featuring a unique time chart that illustrates the state's geologic history from east to west, The Last Billion Years shows that while the geologic aspects of the state's three grand divisions are related in many ways, each division has a distinctly different background. The organization of the book further enhances its usability, allowing the reader to see and compare what was happening contemporaneously across the state during the key sequences of its geologic history. Written in a clear and engaging style, The Last Billion Years will have broad appeal to students, lay readers, and professionals.

This book provides diversified and comprehensive sedimentary, stratigraphic, and paleontological information services in China both for scientific research and educational purposes. Although China has the largest number of 11 “golden nails” profiles in the world, few of them has internationally renowned profiles with only traditional sedimentary methods and means for outcrops, logging, and seismic analysis. It combines multiple disciplines such as sedimentology, stratigraphy, paleontology, geophysics, geochemistry, and methods such as big data and artificial intelligence to build open-source online digital platform of geological profiles. Based on the preparation and construction of a number of well-known classic sections of sedimentary geology at home and abroad, it has become an important platform for training of sedimentology talents.

This book is based on the accepted papers for presentation at the 2nd MedGU Annual Meeting, Marrakesh 2022. It presents a series of newest research studies that are nowadays relevant mainly to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa. It includes major subjects related to hydrology, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry including, but not limited to, isotope hydrology, groundwater models, water resources and systems, and related subjects. It also includes research studies on biogeochemistry which mainly focus on the interactions between life and the chemical cycles in the Earth system. Some case studies on geobiology and geoecology investigate the structure and function of geoecosystems, their components, and their environment. The book also presents major subjects related to atmospheric, oceanic, meteorology and climatic science with recent developments in the field. By cutting across these traditional subject boundaries, this book brings together the major elements that are important for understanding the weather, climate, water systems, and geoecosystems in these regions.

Design of Deep Braced Excavation in Urban Geotechnical Environments presents the design and calculation of deep braced excavation in urban geotechnical environments considering the soil characteristics of spatial variability and anisotropy, as well as excavation responses of urban adjacent utilities such as pipelines, tunnels, foundation piles and buildings. With economic development and further urbanization, excavation goes deeper, longer, and larger in scale. These conditions require advanced analysis and design methods. The text begins with coverage of overall stability, earth pressure and strut force, retaining wall responses, and ground movements. Numerical modeling and computer codes are outlined in detail. The authors then take a close look at the design of jet grouting for deformation control, instrumentation and back analysis for excavation, and the characteristics of deep braced excavation in complex geological environment. The final chapters conclude with an examination of the determination of excavation responses of urban adjacent utilities and failure analysis based on several case histories. This book provides the latest knowledge in both theory and practical application for geotechnical design engineers working on deep excavation problems. - Presents the latest theory and knowledge surrounding deep braced excavations - Systematically outlines theory, field reports, calculations, and back analysis, making it much easier to master the work relevant with deep braced excavations - Provides detailed visual elements and hyperlinks to additional images and video for case excavations to enhance understanding

Guiding the reader on five popular driving tours and five key hiking trails, this nontechnical guidebook indicates not-to-be-missed points of interest and describes the geological evolution associated with them. Tour maps are complemented by annotated road log commentaries and copious drawings and photographs to aid in identifying geological phenomena even when these are obscured by the mountains'lush vegetation. A helpful introduction, focusing on the geologic history of the Smokies, illuminates basic terms and concepts, while a glossary, list of suggested readings, and detailed index further enhance the book's utility. Unique in providing a crisp, comprehensive summary of the Smoky Mountains'geology, A Roadside Guide serves as a basic planning guide for scenic road trips and hiking trips in the Smokies.

This book examines the nature of flood in different landscapes and the various factors that contribute to flooding in different areas. It identifies flood risk zones in different terrain types and provides valuable insights into the anthropogenic, geographical, hydro-geological, and geomorphological aspects of flood-prone areas to achieve sustainable risk management. The book also explores the impact of avalanches, global warming, and flash floods in different settings where such types of flooding have become more common. In addition, the volume provides case studies to evaluate the impact of flooding in both natural and man-made environments. To better understand and manage floods, the book combines advanced geospatial tools and techniques with indigenous knowledge. Using machine learning and multiple-criteria decision analysis, the book provides an amalgamation of technology and indigenous knowledge to assess flood susceptibility. The book also includes strategies to manage flood risks and case studies that demonstrate best practices in flood risk management. The volume is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and policy makers to understand the causes of floods and their socio-economic impact in different areas.

This book represents a comprehensive overview of the caves and karsts of Montenegro, a small territory yet one of the fascinating areas regarding speleology. In Montenegro, there are more than 1500 karst wonders identified. Đalovića cave, with more than 20 km, ranks as the longest in the region. In the Maganika massif, Iron Cave also ranks first but because of its length reaching 1100 m. Montenegro's history is also connected to caves as two very popular and visited sanctuaries, monasteries built in the cave - Ostrog and Dajbabe. In another speleo-archaeological site, cave Red Rock, 32 layers with a measured age of 180,000 years, is highly relevant in Europe.

This open access book presents a new structural model of “multi-arc-basin-terrane system” based on the in-depth research of the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang region, especially several Paleo-Tethys ophiolitic mélange belts and sets of arc-basin systems, and a new orogenic model of “The Hengduan shan Mountains” based on penetrated research on spatial-temporal framework and orogenic models of different orogenic belts under large-scale strike-slip-shear-nappe structures evolution. The authors paid special attention on the coupling relation between orogeny and metallogenesis. The metallogenesis and dynamic process are probed under the crust–mantle interaction and material-energy exchange-transmission background and the tectonic units evolution. The ore genesis and distribution of deposits have been thoroughly analyzed, and the metallogenic theories of'multi-arc-basin-terrane'and'intracontinental tectonic transformation'in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang region have been carriedout. This book also illustrates how to explore metallic deposits in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang region by using the metallogenic regulations. Meanwhile, this book has high reference value for researchers working in the fields of basic geology, environmental geology, and energy geology.

This book examines the landforms, soils, and geomorphological processes of deserts, which cover over 20% of Earth's land surface. Despite their vastness and the significant body of literature on the topic, deserts remain underrepresented in comprehensive geomorphological surveys, with notable exceptions like Walther's Das Gesetz der Wiistenbildung (1924), Cotton's Climatic Accidents in Landscape Making (1942), and Tricart and Cailleux's Le Modelé des Régions Sèches (1961). Our study builds on these works, incorporating our field experiences in deserts across North America, South America, North Africa, and Pakistan, while primarily drawing on English-language research and emphasizing contemporary geomorphological systems at different scales. By focusing on present processes shaping landforms and soils, we have given less attention to regional chronologies of landform development, a consequence of our selective approach. The field of desert geomorphology still grapples with speculative theories, such as parallel slope retreat and pervasive wind erosion, which often overshadow empirical evidence. We aim to provide grounded generalizations, clarify contested ideas, and pose meaningful questions to establish a baseline for future research, hoping to contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic processes shaping desert landscapes. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1973.

Gold Panning the Pacific Northwest is the premiere reference source for anyone who is interested in getting started or continuing their gold prospecting in the pacific northwest region. Fully revised and updated, this guide contains accurate, up-to-date prospecting information for all known panning areas in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. The write-ups for each locale include driving directions, GPS coordinates, historical information, land ownership restrictions, full-color photos, and geological background.Features include:Full-color imagesGPS coordinatesGeology basicsTools of the trade for every level of collectorRules and regulationsPolishing, preserving, crafting, and displaying your treasures

Mining and geological survey work in Jamaica goes back several hundred years and was initiated by the Europeans when they colonized the Island. The year 2019 marked 160 years since the first Government-commissioned Geological Survey of Jamaica. This is one of the oldest survey activity of this type in the World! This book seeks to commemorate this heritage. It is one of the first books of its kind examining the evolution of the mineral sector and geological survey work of Jamaica, set in the framework of the Country's history of over 500 years. The Reader will explore a relatively unfamiliar side of the Country's development, linked to popular historical stories that shaped the Nation. The information presented are mostly documented in dated academic literature that are not gauged for a wide audience. This book however, aims to make this information accessible for a wider readership such as students, amateur scientist, non-professionals or anyone who wishes to learn about the rich history and heritage, and the contributions to national development from Europe and much later, North America.

This book mainly introduces overview of “Destruction of the North China Craton”, a major research plan of NSFC. It summarizes the scientific ideas, core key scientific issues, scientific research objectives, and models of the major research plan of'Destruction of the North China Craton'. From the perspective of major national needs and scientific discipline development, the book focuses on the following aspects: the temporal and spatial distribution range, process, and mechanism of the NCC destruction; the properties, structure, and interaction of materials in different spheres in the earth during craton destruction; the shallow effect of craton destruction; and the control mechanism of mineral resources, energy, and disasters. The book also makes a strategic prospect for the study of global dynamics and improves human understanding of the formation and evolution of continents.

This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). It gives an overview of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to understanding and reducing landslide disaster risk.

This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). The book provides a common platform for the publication of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, which is expected to continue up to 2030 and even beyond to globally promote the understanding and reduction of landslide disaster risk, as well as to address the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals.

This volume covers the floods of the major rivers of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Delta, and storm surge related coastal floods in these regions. The book is dedicated to addressing floods from an integrated physical-social perspective to provide students and researchers with a holistic understanding of floods in terms of both human and geomorphological aspects. The systematic coverage of all the major rivers and coastal areas in the GBM delta and surrounding regions will foster a clear comprehension of this dense reservoir of population, where thousands of people are impacted every year due to flood hazards and agricultural destabilization. This comprehensive treatment of flood issues in the region covers flash floods, fluvial floods, fluvio-tidal floods, and coastal floods, and outlines flood management strategies to maintain ecological integrity and environmental stability, and prevent harmful impacts of future floods. The book is intended for students and researchers in earth and environmental sciences, especially geomorphology, hydrology, geography, geology, natural resources management, and regional planning.

This comprehensive compendium overviews the complexity and uncertainty of groundwater systems, including groundwater boundaries, runoff, media, dynamic and chemical field, and stress and thermal field. The research methods and study examples were also introduced in great detail.The unique reference text is a valuable resource for researchers, academics, professionals, undergraduate and graduate students devoted to groundwater system study and complexity science.

Through the original writings and photography of renowned geologist Harold Rollin Wanless, this book paints a thorough and engaging picture of the White River Badlands'landscape, geology, biology, pioneer settlers, and how life was lived 100 years ago in a harsh, challenging, remote setting. In the summer of 1920, Harold Rollin Wanless, fresh from an undergraduate geology degree at Princeton, spent the first of three summers in the Badlands of South Dakota camping, hiking, and collecting fossil vertebrate skulls. Harold produced a fascinating and thorough diary and report, illustrated with over 100 image plates, in which he explains the geology, biology, and climate of this famous area. Wanless became deeply involved with and vividly records the life, hopes, trials and character of the new homesteading pioneers of the area, and the people and livelihoods he encountered are reflected in the diary as well. This is an engaging lookat the history, environment, people and geological character of a unique portion of the American West. Combining a first-hand look at the White River Badlands and its people a century ago with the fossil history contained in its Cenozoic sediments gives a well-rounded historical presentation. This diary was found, compiled, and edited by Drs. Harold Rogers Wanless (the diarist's son and an accomplished geologist himself) and Emmett Evanoff. In the introductory and concluding chapters of this book, they provide a broader perspective of Harold Rollin Wanless's life and his significant achievements beyond the Badlands venture described here. In addition, this narrative - written “only” a century ago - provides a stark contrast with how we travel, communicate, conduct research and survive today, yet shows that human curiosity and kindnesses have not changed.

After providing a historical overview, this book highlights the current state of knowledge, gaps in our knowledge, recent findings and future prospects with regard to the biological, chemical, geological, and geographical specificities of the Plitvice lakes in Croatia. The Plitvice lakes are a unique environment and home to tufa – a type of calcium carbonate deposit that provides a substrate for living organisms. Its formation process has resulted in a vastly diverse environment of lakes, streams and riparian habitats. The Plitvice lakes have, therefore, historically been both an inspiration and a challenge for scientists, nature enthusiasts, artists, etc. Today, the lakes continue to offer an in-situ laboratory for new discoveries in all aspects of freshwater science.As in most habitats, global changes have become an important issue. Since the Plitvice lakes have remained largely untouched by direct human impacts and have a long historical tradition in research, they represent an ideal subject for assessing the effects of global changes in a temperate freshwater system. This book provides an ecological overview of the biogeochemical processes at work in a unique and virtually pristine European freshwater tufa-forming environment.

Environmental Geology presents the student with a broad overview of environmental geology. The text looks both at how the earth developed into its present condition and where matters seem to be moving for the future. It is hoped that this knowledge will provide the student with a useful foundation for discussing and evaluating specific environmental issues, as well as for developing ideas about how the problems should be solved.

This book introduces the geological background of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China. Through comparative study of a large number of practical data such as uranium, coal and oil boreholes, the research system takes sedimentary basin as a unit and fully utilizes geologicalprinciples and test analysis to study the basic geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing image characteristics of the basin, and to restores the favorable uranium-forming geological background brought by the change of the cognitive sedimentary environment conditions. It can be used as a reference for researchers, practitioners and as well as teachers and graduate students working in uranium deposit geology, sedimentary geology and related areas

This book intends to decipher the knowledge in the advancement of understanding, detecting, predicting, and monitoring landslides. The number of massive landslides and the damages they cause has increased across the globe in recent times. It is one of the most devastating natural hazards that cause widespread damage to habitat on a local, regional, and global scale. International experts provide their experience in landslide research and practice to help stakeholders mitigate and predict potential landslides. The book comprises chapters on: Dynamics, mechanisms, and processes of landslides; Geological, geotechnical, hydrological, and geophysical modelling for landslides; Mapping and assessment of hazard, vulnerability, and risk associated with landslides; Monitoring and early warning of landslides; Application of remote sensing and GIS techniques in monitoring and assessment of landslides. The book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers in adapting suitable modern techniques for landslide study.

This book covers advances in the field of karst from a variety of perspectives to facilitate knowledge and promote interaction between disciplines. New methods are addressed that advance data collection, analysis, and interpretation in a wide range of karst contexts. Case studies are presented to provide examples of advancing science. Issues addressed include karst hydrogeology (water resources assessment, groundwater pollution and protection), methods to study karst aquifers (based on hydrodynamic, hydrochemistry, isotopes, dye tracing, geophysical surveys, and modeling techniques), karst geomorphology and landscape, mining and engineering in karst media (tunnels, dams, etc.), and karst cavities (touristic caves, natural heritage). This book is a resource for scientists around the world to compare problems, results, and solutions. Likewise, the examples included are used in policy decision making in karst regions. Finally, the contributions are used as a tool for university teaching.

This book describes the environment in Galicia (NW Spain), with researchers and professors presenting their own photographs of relevant aspects. This richly illustrated book explains atmospheric, geologic, water, soils, landscapes, and environmental issues and treatments for a broad audience, including students and the general public, to raise awareness and effectively develop strategies to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

This updated and revised second edition brings geopedology issues into the current context. This new edition extends the work on popular topics such as digital soil mapping, GIS and landscape mapping, and it also gives valuable insight with up-to-date theoretical discussions and new application with relevant case studies. This textbook offers a proven approach for reliable mapping of soil-landscape relationships to derive information for policy, planning and management at scales ranging from local to regional. Filled with didactic elements such as case studies, visual aids (maps, charts and figures), questions and answers, the book is of interest to geohazard studies, land use conflict analysis, land use planning, land degradation assessment, and land suitability analysis. Soil is a vital resource for society at large and an important determinant of the economic status of nations. The intensification of natural disasters and the increased land use competition for food and energy have raised awareness of the relevant role the pedosphere plays in natural and anthropogenic environments. Recent papers and global initiatives show a renewed interest in soil research and its applications for improved planning and management of this fragile and finite resource.

This book introduces emergency management of barrier lakes systematically,including theories and practices, risk assessment under extremely high-riskconditions, evolution of outburst floods, analysis of anti-impact stability, andemergency management technology and assessment of risk elimination effect.It takes the Tangjiashan barrier lake as a successful case study toillustrate effective treatment of barrier lake with high risks, poor environmentalconditions, extremely urgent rescue time and high disposal difficulties. Itretains a large number of images and data of great research value for the lakerisk assessment and building technological emergency system. It provides areliable reference for the government, scientific researchers and survey anddesign team to deal with the sudden natural disaster in barrier lakes,especially caused by huge earthquake.

This book explains the challenges for efficient sustainable surface and groundwater development and management with the focus on India and other countries, providing a stable output presentation by using machine learning data mining methods, and modeling. It is a combination of machine learning, modeling, google earth engine, climate data modeling, remote sensing and GIS techniques, surface water modeling, AHP modeling, groundwater quality analysis, aquifer mapping, land use and land cover analysis, forecasting of water and rainfall and so on, its use to sustainable development, planning, and management of groundwater purposes in India and other countries. The main purpose of this book will develop better outlines for the development of surface and groundwater and management in the semi-arid region climate, which supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India, especially on sustainable surface water and groundwater resources management. This book provides amultidisciplinary overview for the faculty members, administrators scientists, policymakers, social science, and professionals involved in the various aspects of sustainable groundwater development, planning, and management.