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This book includes new results of theoretical and experimental studies of various scales of the processes occurring on the earth including the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Intensive development of research in these areas is due to several factors: 1) the widespread introduction of computer technology, allowing the calculation of complex phenomena, 2) the invention and improvement of a new generation of geophysical instruments such as remote observation systems based on ships, aircraft, and satellites, providing a large amount of data to objectively reflect a broad picture of the processes, 3) the development of measurement techniques, creating opportunities for controllable and reproducible laboratory data acquisition for generation of new ideas and concepts. Their recent developments have facilitated our research and understanding of these academic fields. The book enriches the understanding of the geophysical processes taking place in various environments (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere), including the anthropogenic one, and it further contributes to their development. This collected research is a valuable resource for specialists working in the oil, gas, and engineering industry to improve their understandings of the field.

This book explains different phenomena that occur in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFRs) of carbonate rocks neighboring a salt structure and how it affects well drilling. Prediction of carbonate pore pressure is difficult; therefore, a new set of pore pressure equations for carbonates were developed, accounting for overpressure and depleted conditions. A detailed description of a fully coupled model is shown in order to discuss geomechanics and the coupling of fluid flow in porous media and to achieve a better representation of the mechanics involved in the exploitation of NFRs. Additionally, results of a new model of geomechanics in vuggy carbonate reservoirs are presented. This book also displays a wide discussion, analysis, and numerical implementation of six different salt rheology models. Furthermore, the most representative rheology salt models were studied aside with the fully coupled model of geomechanics and fluid flow in porous media. Finally, it presents an answer to areal case of a well drilled near a salt diapir where anomalous pore pressure was found.

This book is about the technology of using fluid production or injection and pressure measurement signals from wellbores and relating those signals to the subsurface geology and subterranean reservoir properties. It is aimed at students of well-testing and practicing petroleum engineers or geoscience professionals for subsurface characterization and modeling. The topics include the art and science of well-test analysis, pattern recognition of rate and pressure signals, and a quantitative approach for estimating important subsurface geological parameters for subsurface aquifers and reservoirs containing oil, gas, and geothermal resources. The book is also particularly of value as a guide to asset managers actively developing unconventional reservoirs and CCUS.

In addition to field test results and theoretical knowledge, interpretation and engineering judgement on the available factual data is essential for proper planning and execution of ground investigation. Maximum subsurface information can be extracted with lesser budget if proper interpretation is made. In other words, no amount of site investigation is adequate without proper interpretation and application of engineering judgement. With this in consideration in mind, this book provides special focus to the importance of interpretation and engineering judgement in geotechnical projects. - Places an emphasis on the role of site interpretation and the application of engineering judgement - Discusses project personnel and how they have to understood ground conditions to respond accordingly - Includes real-life examples that will be of great help for all those involved in the planning and execution of geotechnical projects

This book is based on the accepted papers for presentation at the 2nd MedGU Annual Meeting, Marrakesh 2022. With five parts spanning a large spectrum of geological and geophysical topics, this book presents a series of newest research studies that are nowadays relevant to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa. The book includes the latest research studies on seismic hazard and risk assessment, earthquake geodesy, seismotectonics, archeoseismology and active faulting, well logging methods, geodesy and exploration/theoretical geophysics, geological engineering, geotechnical engineering, numerical and analytical methods in mining sciences and geomechanics, and geo-informatics and remote sensing.

The book considers the underground development of cities from a systemic point of view. The authors'scientific methodology for planning a system of alternative design configurations in a metropolis (including underground infrastructure) on the basis of applied system analysis methods is revealed. The book presents a short guide and a number of practical applications of morphological analysis, cognitive modeling, and other system analysis methods as tools for solving various urban problems, including risk assessment in the transport infrastructure of a city; evaluation and justification of constructing different types of underground objects on a selected site according to its structural, functional and geological factors; construction of scenarios aimed at informed decision-making in planning complex underground facilities. The book provides novel and convenient tools for urban development to professionals in urban planning, municipal authorities and investors, and researchers in urban studies.

Practical Engineering Geology provides an introduction to the way projects are managed, designed and constructed, and how the engineering geologist can contribute to cost- effective and safe project achievement. The need for a holistic view of geological materials, from soil to rock, and of geological history is emphasised. Chapters address key aspects of Geology for engineering and ground modelling Site investigation and testing of geological materials Geotechnical parameters Design of slopes, tunnels, foundations, and other engineering structures Identifying hazards Avoiding unexpected ground conditions This second edition includes a new chapter on environmental issues covering hydrogeology, considerations of climate change, earthquakes, and more. All chapters have been updated, with extensively revised figures throughout and several new case studies of unexpected ground conditions. The book will support practising engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers, as well as MSc level students of engineering geology and other geotechnical subjects.

From the geological mysteries of shale formations to cutting-edge techniques in gas extraction, this book unveils the essential knowledge to harness the potential of shale gas. The book integrates various data types such as outcrop, well logs, core data, etc.) for hydrofracturing—from basin-scale to nano-pore-scale. The book included a wealth of information on the latest advancements, industry practices, environmental considerations, policies, and more. In a world increasingly conscious of environmental concerns,'Cleaner Energy from the Earth'offers a fresh perspective on the utilization of shale gas as a cleaner fossil fuel alternative. This comprehensive book takes the reader on a captivating journey through the science, technology, and innovation driving shale gas exploration and exploitation towards a greener future. Whether you're a seasoned industry professional, a student, or a curious reader, this book provides a comprehensive and accessible resource for all levels of expertise.

This book presents the research on geological genetic analysis of oil and gas reservoirs. It expounds on the methods, problems, and prospects of geological genetic analyses of oil and gas reservoirs, considering structures, reservoirs, and oil–gas–water (OGW) systems. Then, it explains the application of geological genetic analysis of oil and gas reservoirs with examples of volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin, glutenites in the northwestern Junggar Basin, and sandstones in the Liaohe Basin. It is a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students engaged in oil/gas exploration both from industrial and academic sectors.

This book focuses on the characterization of fault damage zones and subsurface structure systems quantitatively for the first time. It provides a comprehensive case study of various types of fault damage zones, including normal, reverse, strike-slip, and composite zones. The book also explores fractures within fault damage zones and the effect of faulting on cap rock integrity. Through meticulous case studies and analyses from diverse geographical regions, this book elucidates the seismic characteristics and behaviors associated with fault damage zones. Readers will find particular interest in the methods and results presented in the book, as it offers a holistic and systematic approach to understanding and building seismic geostructures. Incorporating seismic attributes and coherence analysis, as well as applying neural networks, it provides readers with innovative techniques in fault characterization and segmentation. Besides, this book incorporates illustrative visuals, insightful tables, and cutting-edge seismic attributes, which enhance the reader's understanding of the subject matter. Researchers, professionals, and students in petroleum geology, geophysics, and engineering will find this book to be an invaluable resource with the practical insights and innovative methodologies it offers for the state-of-the-art characterizing and analyzing fault damage zones.

Haben Sie sich jemals gefragt, wie Sie Ihren Freunden und Bekannten erklären können, worauf Sie sich in Ihrem naturwissenschaftlichen Fachgebiet spezialisiert haben? Und haben Sie versucht zu vermitteln, warum dieses Nischenthema unglaublich spannend ist und einen direkten Bezug zum täglichen Leben hat? Genau hier setzt dieses Buch an: Es lädt Sie ein, einen genaueren Blick auf unsere Umwelt zu werfen, ohne sich in technischen Details zu verlieren, sondern eher, um das zugrunde liegende Prinzip zu verstehen. Es bringt Ihnen die Welt der Paläo- und Gesteinsmagnetik näher, ganz gleich, ob sich Ihre Vorstellung von Geologie zwischen bewegenden Erdplatten, Dinosauriern und Steinen bewegt. Das Buch begleitet Sie auf einer unterhaltsamen Reise von den globalen Phänomenen des Erdmagnetfeldes bis hinunter auf die subatomare Ebene der Elektronenbewegungen in Mineralen. Es liefert Ihnen ausgewählte geologische Szenarien für dynamische geologische Prozesse unseres Erdsystems von der Entstehung von Gesteinen in ruhigen Seen bis hin zur Gebirgsbildung. Für das Verständnis sind keinerlei mathematische Formeln erforderlich, obwohl Begriffe wie Paramagnetismus, Ferromagnetismus, Koordinatentransformationen und Anisotropie erklärt werden müssen. Das Buch bedient sich anschaulicher Analogien aus dem Alltag, um komplexe Sachverhalte verständlich zu machen. Ein gelungener Einstieg in die faszinierende Welt der Paläo- und Gesteinsmagnetik in der Geologie für interessierte Laien, Hobby-Geolog•innen, Geowissenschaftler•innen und angrenzende Disziplinen.

This book investigates in detail the theory and method of automatically formed mining roadway (AFR). The AFR method utilizes mining pressure and broken expansion characteristics of the collapsed rock mass in the gob to automatically form roadways, which changes the traditional “long cantilever beam” to “short cantilever beam” structure, and eliminate roadway excavation and coal pillar reserve. Key technologies are developed under the guidance of the “equilibrium mining” theory, such as in situ drilling and zoning technology, roof directional presplitting technology, high prestressed constant-resistance support technology, and gangue blocking support technology. The mining technologies and methods are successfully applied to a large number of coal mines of different geological conditions. The book is intended for both researchers and practitioners working in the mining, civil, and geological engineering fields.

This book includes new results of theoretical and experimental studies of various scales of the processes occurring on the earth including the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Intensive development of research in these areas is due to several factors: 1) the widespread introduction of computer technology, allowing the calculation of complex phenomena; 2) the invention and improvement of a new generation of geophysical instruments such as remote observation systems based on ships, aircraft, and satellites, providing a large amount of data to objectively reflect a broad picture of the processes; and 3) the development of measurement techniques, creating opportunities for controllable and reproducible laboratory data acquisition for generation of new ideas and concepts. Their recent developments have facilitated our research and understanding of these academic fields. The book enriches the understanding of the geophysical processes taking place in various environments (lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere), including the anthropogenic one, and it further contributes to their development. This book is a valuable resource for specialists working in the oil, gas, and engineering industry to improve their understandings of the field.

Different physical or geophysical methods provide information about distinctive physical properties of the objects, e.g., rock formations and mineralization. In many cases, this information is mutually complementary, which makes it natural for consideration in a joint inversion of the multiphysics data. Inversion of the observed data for a particular experiment is subject to considerable uncertainty and ambiguity. One productive approach to reducing uncertainty is to invert several types of data jointly. Nonuniqueness can also be reduced by incorporating additional information derived from available a priori knowledge about the target to reduce the search space for the solution. This additional information can be incorporated in the form of a joint inversion of multiphysics data.Generally established joint inversion methods, however, are inadequate for incorporating typical physical or geological complexity. For example, analytic, empirical, or statistical correlations between different physical properties may exist for only part of the model, and their specific form may be unknown. Features or structures that are present in the data of one physical method may not be present in the data generated by another physical method or may not be equally resolvable.This book presents and illustrates several advanced, new approaches to joint inversion and data fusion, which do not require a priori knowledge of specific empirical or statistical relationships between the different model parameters or their attributes. These approaches include the following novel methods, among others: 1) the Gramian method, which enforces the correlation between different parameters; 2) joint total variation functional or joint focusing stabilizers, e.g., minimum support and minimum gradient support constraints; 3) data fusion employing a joint minimum entropy stabilizer, which yields the simplest multiphysics solution that fits the multi-modal data. In addition, the book describes the principles of using artificial intelligence (AI) in solving multiphysics inverse problems. The book also presents in detail both the mathematical principles of these advanced approaches to joint inversion of multiphysics data and successful case histories of regional-scale and deposit-scale geophysical studies to illustrate their indicated advantages.

This book outlines the scientific, methodological and practical foundations for applying High Resolution Seismic HRS-Geo Technology in order to build detailed 2D and 3D seismic acoustic models in the form of acoustic impedances (AI) and reflection coefficients (RC) and the most important geological indicators. The monograph is a continuation of the book by the same authors'Oil and Gas Reservoir Prospecting and Exploration: High-Resolution Seismic HRS techniques and technology'.Particular attention is paid to improving the process of searching for AI and RC models using the vector of objective functions, in which various types of residuals between real and model data are iteratively calculated. The well-known criteria for predicting the oil and gas potential of productive deposits from the standpoint of the system analysis principles and the set of geological indicators found from the HRS data are analyzed. The features of solving the main seismogeological problems using HRS-Geo Technology modules are shown, illustrated by numerous examples, and using a special (optimal) processing graph and a set of additional seismic record regularization procedures that provide maximum detail of high-resolution seismic data. The book is meant for scientists and specialists involved in in-depth complex geological interpretation of seismic data in the search and exploration of oil and gas deposits, as well as students of geophysical and geological specialties, graduate students of these specializations and developers.

This book introduces the latest developments in long-span cable-supported composite cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges, and mid- and through-type cable-supported composite arch bridges. Based on the engineering application and practice of cable-supported composite bridges, this book systematically expounds the structural systems of these bridge types. It also summarizes the main construction methods, analyzes the mechanical properties of cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges with composite girders and the influence rule with alternative spans, and proposes the reasonable span range based on economic efficiency. The prospect of using orthotropic composite bridge decks in long-span cable-supported bridges is also analyzed. This book is a valuable reference for both bridge professional technicians and graduate students for research, design and construction.

Mit dem ersten deutschsprachigen Fachbuch über Schiefer als Werkstein erhält der Leser einen umfangreichen Einblick über dessen vielseitige Facetten. Beginnend mit den unterschiedlichen architektonischen Anwendungen, beschreibt der Autor in verständlicher Weise die unterschiedlichen Entstehungsarten sowie dessen materialkundlichen Eigenschaften. Hierzu gehört auch eine eingehende Erläuterung der Untersuchungsmethoden und wichtigsten Normen zur Bewertung als Dach- und Wandschiefer.Dem schließt sich die Vorstellung der unterschiedlichen Arten der bergmännischen Gewinnung und der Produktion von (Dach-) Schiefer an. Im zweiten Teil werden die weltweiten Schiefervorkommen hinsichtlich der geologischen Verhältnisse, spezifischen Eigenschaften und Anwendungen beschrieben. Die hervorragend illustrierten Kapitel ermöglichen dem Leser einen einfachen Zugang in die jeweiligen Fachthemen. Es ist ein unverzichtbares Nachschlagewerk für Wissenschaftler, Ingenieure und Fachleute aus den Bereichen Geologie, Bergbau, Denkmalpflege, Architektur und der Schieferindustrie.

This book focuses on a significant branch of anthropogeomorphology, which is not adequately studied: the impact of transportation systems on altering earth surface processes and landforms. This book fills the gap with in-depth study on the interaction between individual modes of transport network (e.g., trail, roads, railways, waterways, airports, and tunnel) and surface hydro-geomorphology with intensive literature review, fieldwork, geo-environmental modelling, mapping, case studies, and examples from different parts of the world. On the one hand, this book also addresses the vulnerability of transport networks from climate change and critical geo-hazards like floods, landslides, etc. with case studies from the high-risk zones of India. Overall, this book promotes peaceful harmony between the transport network and its surrounding landscapes as an essential lesson for policymakers, planners, and stakeholders.

The area of Eastern Herzegovina is one of the most karstified regions in the world. Deep karst, sinking rivers, underground flows, temporary flooded karst poljes and lack of arable land is main natural property of the region. Due to two kinds of misfortune, flood and drought, people have emigrated from this region searching for a better life. The book contains new scientific data and engineering experience collected during more than 100 years of investigations and construction. To provide optimum water management and economic development, thousands of new data are collected and presented in the book. Necessity for balance between regional development and preservation of nature was one of the important request.

This book provides comprehensive studies from Middle East, African countries and Asia including Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, India, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Tunisia and Turkey on groundwater management, modelling and monitoring. A broad approach such as modelling, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistical models was applied in arid and semi-arid areas for management of the groundwater. These new approaches are currently in high demand. The book delves into the applications of these methods and will be a potential asset to the researchers worldwide. The book is a timely publication containing chapters based on primary data or/and extensive review chapters comprising new emerging techniques. Current high-demand research on management through the application of modelling, artificial intelligence and machine learning is the main selling point of this book.

The book presents short papers of participants of the 8th International Scientific Conference-School for Young Scientists'Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes'(Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The book includes theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans, the lithosphere and their interaction; environmental issues; problems of human impact on the environment; methods of geophysical research.

This book is devoted to the most important and urgent problems arising during the operation of underground gas storage facilities (UGS) and associated with the destruction of the reservoir and sand production into the wells. UGS facilities play a special role in ensuring high reliability of stable and guaranteed gas supplies to consumers. However, despite many years of experience in UGS well operation, there is still no sufficiently substantiated geomechanical model of reservoir failure and a mathematical description of the processes occurring in the reservoir-well system, taking into account the peculiarities of the mechanical behavior of reservoir rocks during cyclic injection and extraction of gas. As a result, there are no reliable criteria for establishing a rational regime for the operation of an UGS wells in conditions of a possible destruction of reservoir rocks. Further development of underground gas storage direction requires the introduction of innovative technologies that can be used both in the design of new UGS facilities and to extend the safe and efficient operation of existing underground gas storage facilities. To solve these problems, the most promising technologies, taking into account their efficiency, relatively low cost and environmental safety, are those based on the geomechanical approach.The book is addressed to specialists in the development and operation of underground gas storage facilities, as well as specialists in geomechanics of oil and gas fields. It can be useful for students and graduate students studying in the speciality'Development of oil and gas fields'.

The development of the base-load capable, climate-friendly, and practically inexhaustible source of'geothermal energy'represents an important pillar of the energy supply of the future. If it were possible to expand geothermal energy production accordingly, Germany could generate 100% of its energy in a climate-neutral manner by 2050. The joint research project'Dolomitkluft,'funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy from 2016 to 2018, aims to establish a new and improved reservoir model for the Upper Jurassic carbonates of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin for deep geothermal energy. Emerged from this project, the dissertation by Mr. Stockinger geomechanically and numerically characterizes the deep geothermal reservoir in carbonate rocks—limestones and dolomites—of the Upper Jurassic in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin in over 4000 m depth. This book specifically addresses fracture initiation, propagation, and hydraulic conductivity around a borehole and their controlling factors such as the in situ stress, the existing discontinuity network, and the geomechanical rock properties. Mr. Stockinger has thus successfully addressed the most important aspects for the retrievability of deep geothermal energy at its point of origin—namely the (deep) borehole.

Although several excellent works exist that describe the effective elastic thickness (Te) of the lithosphere—its theory, significance and relevance to Earth sciences in general—none cover the details of the methods for its estimation. This book brings together the disparate knowledge required to estimate Te in one handy volume: signal processing, harmonic analysis, civil engineering, and foundational mathematics and physics, in addition to the relevant geophysics and, to a lesser extent, geology. Its two principal focus areas are spectral estimation, covering various approaches to estimating the admittance and coherence between gravity and topography using Slepian multitapers and fan wavelets; and algebraic and finite difference solutions of the plate bending partial differential equation in a variety of geological settings. This book would be suitable for postgraduate students beginning their research, up to faculty professors interested in diversifying their skills.

The 4th International Conference on Performance-based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (PBD-IV) is held in Beijing, China. The PBD-IV Conference is organized under the auspices of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering - Technical Committee TC203 on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering and Associated Problems (ISSMGE-TC203). The PBD-I, PBD-II, and PBD-III events in Japan (2009), Italy (2012), and Canada (2017) respectively, were highly successful events for the international earthquake geotechnical engineering community. The PBD events have been excellent companions to the International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (ICEGE) series that TC203 has held in Japan (1995), Portugal (1999), USA (2004), Greece (2007), Chile (2011), New Zealand (2015), and Italy (2019). The goal of PBD-IV is to provide an open forum for delegates to interact with their international colleagues and advance performance-based design research and practices for earthquake geotechnical engineering.

Groundwater is the world's largest source of fresh water, but its safe and sustainable exploitation remains a challenge. Egypt's Nile Valley aquifer is the most important renewable aquifer, accounting for approximately 85% of total groundwater use in Egypt. Egypt's long-term development and socioeconomic growth in the Nile Valley depends on this groundwater. Concerns about groundwater assessment, quality, management, and sustainability frame the current status of Nile Valley groundwater supplies. Proper knowledge of the current state of the groundwater quantity and quality in the Nile Valley is vital for the development and management of groundwater resources in Egypt. Due to Egypt's water scarcity, the projected decline in Nile River flow due to climate change, and the development of numerous Nile River basin projects, the situation is critical, and the consequences might be severe. Furthermore, Egypt's growing population puts significant strain on groundwater, which is the second most significant freshwater supply next to the surface water supply coming from the Nile River as Egypt's share. Several books on the various aspects of Egypt's water resources have been published, but there is insufficient recent information on groundwater in the Nile Valley aquifer, which is essential for Egyptian populations for domestic and irrigation purposes. As a result, this book on the groundwater in the Nile Valley aquifer emerges to complete the picture of Egypt's water resources as a good example of arid country located in MENA regions with many arid countries. Consequently, the lessons learned from this book could be beneficial to other countries in MENA regions, particularly those in North Africa.

This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the new geophysical detection theories, methods and technologies of tunnel engineering under complex geological conditions and environments. It mainly focuses on the application of 3D seismic technique, 3D high-power resistivity sounding, and 3D GPR, etc. There are 7 chapters in the book. Chapter 1 introduces the state of the art and developing trends of geophysical detection technologies for tunnel engineering. Chapter 2 analyzes the complex geological conditions and environments for tunnel construction and the latest geophysical detection technologies. Chapter 3 to Chapter 7 systematically elaborate on the 3D seismic techniques, 3D detection technologies for water content in tunnel surrounding rocks, 3D detection technologies for side/back slope, 3D detection technologies for shield tunneling, and 3D detection technologies for collapse treatment of tunnel construction. The book presents numerous case studies to illustrate the applications of these technologies.

This book focuses on oilfield performance analysis and development adjustment by integrating geology, applied mathematics, and other relevant theories. Based on the abundant and detailed field test and production data from Daqing and Tarim, two major oilfields in China, the regularities, characteristics, design, and adjustment of waterflooding development of sandstone reservoirs throughout the life cycle are described. Field development theories and practices are organically combined in this book, which, embracing comprehensive, systematic, and pragmatic contents, is conducive to development technicians to quickly grasp the characteristics of waterflooding and prepare adjustment plans. It is also useful as a textbook in petroleum colleges and short training courses.

The book deals primarily with the aspects of advances in Self-Potential geophysical data modeling, different interpretation techniques, new ideas and an integrated study to delineate the subsurface structures associated with exploration, contamination, buried paleochannels, archaeological investigations, glaciology, geomorphology, subsurface mapping and also in hydrocarbon exploration.The book is specifically aimed with the state-of-art information regarding research advances and new development in these areas of study, coupled to extensive modelling and field investigations obtained from around the world. It is extremely enlightening for the students, research workers, scientists, faculty members in Applied Geophysics, Near Surface Geophysics, Potential field, Electrical and Electromagnetic methods, Mathematical Modeling Techniques in Earth Sciences, as well as Environmental and other practical problems associated with Earth Sciences.

This book presents the findings of recent theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans, and lithosphere, discussing their interactions, geology. methods of geophysical research, and environmental problems resulting from human impacts. Particularly focusing on the geomechanical aspects of the production of hydrocarbons, including the laborious extraction of oils, it also includes contributions on ecological problems related to the biosphere.

This open access book summarizes the results of the collaborative project “GeomInt: Geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks - experiment, modeling and analysis of discontinuities” within the Program: Geo Research for Sustainability (GEO: N) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The use of geosystems as a source of resources, a storage space, for installing underground municipal or traffic infrastructure has become much more intensive and diverse in recent years. Increasing utilization of the geological environment requires careful analyses of the rock–fluid systems as well as assessments of the feasibility, efficiency and environmental impacts of the technologies under consideration. The establishment of safe, economic and ecological operation of underground geosystems requires a comprehensive understanding of the physical, (geo)chemical and microbiological processes on all relevant time and length scales. This understanding can only be deepened on the basis of intensive laboratory and in-situ experiments in conjunction with reliable studies on the modeling and simulation (numerical experiments) of the corresponding multi-physical/chemical processes. The present work provides a unique handbook for experimentalists, modelers, analysts and even decision makers concerning the characterization of various types of host rocks (salt, clay, crystalline formations) for various geotechnical applications.

This book summarizes the advances in mine hydrogeology in terms of the development of new technologies and sustainable mining to prevent water inrush disasters during coal-mine construction and production in China. It presents holistic topics that balance safe coal mining and the minimization of impacts on the environment and human beings. Systematically describing the methods and techniques used in China's coal mines to predict, prevent and mitigate water inrushes, it includes nine case studies to illustrate the practical engineering solutions using state-of-art methods and technologies under various conditions. It also discusses how the approaches could help solve the world's water problems, not only in mining, but also in tunneling, disposing of nuclear waste, storing natural gas, and sequestering CO2, as well as their impact on mining industries and related fields around the world. The book intended for students, researchers and practitioners working in the mining industries.

This book is the first comprehensive review of the subsurface monitoring theory and practice. It presents all aspects of a subsurface monitoring system SM-NI to be organized in impacted areas of nuclear industry enterprises. The content of the book covers the whole set of the SM-NI projecting and implementation issues – from the theoretical and regulatory framework, through the description of the sources of impact on geological environment to examples of use the SM-NI to solve environmental problems on the main types of environmentally significant nuclear industry enterprises. Development of the SM-NI was based on long-term research studies including modeling of pollutants transport in the geological environment.The book is intended for a wide range of nuclear industry employees and specialists in environment protection and radiation safety of nuclear industry enterprises. It might be useful for ecologists, students and postgraduates concerned about environment protection inthe field of nuclear technology

In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering covers the field of applied geotechnical engineering related to the use of in situ testing of soils to determine soil properties and parameters for geotechnical design. It provides an overview of the practical aspects of the most routine and common test methods, as well as test methods that engineers may wish to include on specific projects. It is suited for a graduate-level course on field testing of soils and will also aid practicing engineers.Test procedures for determining in situ lateral stress, strength, and stiffness properties of soils are examined, as is the determination of stress history and rate of consolidation. Readers will be introduced to various approaches to geotechnical design of shallow and deep foundations using in situ tests. Importantly, the text discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages of using in situ tests.

This book introduces new geological analysis and geophysical methods and techniques for lithological reservoir exploration. It puts forward a set of practical geophysical methods and techniques aimed at lithological reservoirs in China. From a practical point of view, the book systematically analyses geophysical methods and technique principles, applied steps, key problems and caution notes in lithological exploration. The lessons of the book are demonstrated with a case study of the Songliao Basin, which has a large area with a low density of lithological reservoirs, indicating the methods and techniques that can identify lithological reservoirs. It is unique in its fusion of theory, method and technology and practice.

This book is about geoplasticity, solid mechanics of rock, jointed rock and soil beyond the domain of a purely elastic deformation. Plastic deformation is irreversible and begins at the limit to elasticity with any attempt at further loading. Stress at the limit to elasticity is'strength'which is described by a functional relationship amongst stresses, that is, by a yield function or failure criterion. Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager and Hoek-Brown criteria are well-known examples in geomechanics.Beyond the elastic limit, but still within the realm of small strain increments, a total strain increment is the sum of an elastic increment and a plastic increment. The elastic increment is computed through an incremental form of Hooke's law, isotropic or anisotropic as the case may be. Computation of the plastic part is at the core of any plasticity theory and is approached through the concept of a plastic potential. The plastic potential is a function of stresses and perhaps other material parameters such as plastic strain and temperature. Derivatives of the plastic potential with respect to stress lead to the plastic part of the total strain increment. If the yield criterion and plastic potential are the same, then the plastic stress-strain relationships are'associated rules of flow'and follow a'normality'principle. Normality is in reference to a graphical portrayal in principal stress space where the plastic strain increment is perpendicular to the yield surface. If the plastic potential and yield criterion are different, as is often the case in geoplasticity, then the rules of flow are'non-associated'. Drucker's famous stability postulate implies normality at a smooth point on the yield surface, convexity of the yield function and other important features of plasticity theory in geomechanics.However, there is no point to proceeding to theoretical analyses without physical justification. Hence, the physical foundations for application of plasticity theory to rock, jointed rock and soil are examined in Chapter 2 of this book. A brief review of continuum mechanics principles is given in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 focuses on plane plastic strain and'sliplines'. The technical literature is replete with numerous diagrams of sliplines, especially in discussions of foundations on soils, but the relevant mathematics is often lacking and with it genuine understanding. Examples illustrate application of theory to traditional geomechanics problems such as computation of retaining wall forces in soils, foundation bearing capacity of soil and rock, wedge penetration of rock under confining pressure and others. Brief discussions of anisotropy, visco-plasticity and poro-plasticity are presented in Chapters 6, 7 and 8.This book will be of interest to civil, geological and mining engineers, particularly those involved in reliable design of excavations and foundations beyond elasticity, especially in jointed rock.

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of mining, geology and geo-spatial technologies, as presented by leading researchers and engineers at the International Conference on Innovations for Sustainable and Responsible Mining (ISRM), held in Hanoi, Vietnam on October 15-17 2020. The contributions cover a diverse range of topics, including mining technology, drilling and blasting engineering, tunneling and geotechnical applications, mineral processing, mine management and economy, environmental risk assessment and management, mining and local development, mined land rehabilitation, water management and hydrogeology, regional Geology and tectonics, spatial engineering for monitoring natural resources and environment change, GIS and remote sensing for natural disaster monitoring, risk mapping and revisualization, natural resources monitoring and management, mine occupational safety and health. Selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process, they will spur novel research directions and foster future multidisciplinary collaborations.

This book presents and describes an innovative method to simulate the growth of natural fractural networks in different geological environments, based on their geological history and fundamental geomechanical principles.The book develops techniques to simulate the growth and interaction of large populations of layer-bound fracture directly, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and subcritical propagation theory. It demonstrates how to use these techniques to model the nucleation, propagation and interaction of layer-bound fractures in different orientations around large scale geological structures, based on the geological history of the structures. It also explains how to use these techniques to build more accurate discrete fracture network (DFN) models at a reasonable computational cost. These models can explain many of the properties of natural fracture networks observed in outcrops, using actual outcrop examples. Finally, the book demonstrates how it can be incorporated into flow modelling workflows using subsurface examples from the hydrocarbon and geothermal industries.Modelling the Evolution of Natural Fracture Networks will be of interest to anyone curious about understanding and predicting the evolution of complex natural fracture networks across large geological structures. It will be helpful to those modelling fluid flow through fractures, or the geomechanical impact of fracture networks, in the hydrocarbon, geothermal, CO2 sequestration, groundwater and engineering industries.

This book documents the exploration and engineering history and potential of two submarine karst springs, Port Miou and Le Bestouan, from the 1970s until now. These springs are the outlets of a vast and deep karst aquifer of more than 1000 km2 near the city of Cassis, France. It presents the latest hypotheses for the hydrological and speleological models of this karstic network explaining the intrusion of saline waters within the system with further applications to other karstic springs in the Mediterranean.

This volume discusses how the German armed forces made effective use of military geologists to assist their fortification of the Channel Islands after their capture from the British in 1940. The book presents a unique case history of German geologist expertise applied to British terrain, intended to make the Islands into an impregnable fortress that postwar would remain a permanent outpost of the German state. In doing so, the book explains why the Channel Islands constitute a ‘classic'location for British geology; how German armed forces made far greater military use of geologists than either their British or American opponents; and the legacy of fortifications that may conveniently be seen by tourists today – fortifications bypassed by Allied forces that liberated nearby Normandy after D-Day in June 1944, and surrendered intact at the end of the War in Europe in May 1945.

This book chiefly describes the theories and technologies for natural gas hydrate management in deepwater gas wells. It systematically explores the mechanisms of hydrate formation, migration, deposition and blockage in multiphase flow in gas-dominated systems; constructs a multiphase flow model of multi-component systems for wells that takes into account hydrate phase transition; reveals the influence of hydrate phase transition on multiphase flows, and puts forward a creative hydrate blockage management method based on hydrate blockage free window (HBFW), which enormously improves the hydrate prevention effect in deepwater wells. The book combines essential theories and industrial technology practice to facilitate a deeper understanding of approaches to and technologies for hydrate management in deepwater wells, and provides guidance on operation design. Accordingly, it represents a valuable reference guide for both researchers and graduate students working in oil and gas engineering, offshore oil and gas engineering, oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, as well as technical staff in the fields of deepwater oil and gas drilling, development, and flow assurance.

Nowadays, demands on modern civil engineering structures require not only safe technical solutions, but also additional approaches, involving ecological, sociological and economical aspects. This book reacts on these new requirements with a focus on earth structures for transport engineering, mainly for motorways and railways. Technical demands have to be adequately related to the risk with which the design and execution are connected. Soil used for the construction, together with subsoil, are natural materials with a high degree of inhomogeneity. Therefore, the risk when constructing with such materials is much higher than for structures utilizing man-made materials. The engineering approach is firstly focused on the geotechnical risk identification and subsequently on the reduction of this risk. Geotechnical risk is linked to the uncertainties for individual phases of the design and construction processes. Ground model, geotechnical design model, calculation model and structure execution are the main phases of the above-mentioned processes. Risk reduction involves the lowering of the range of uncertainties for individual phases, guaranteeing safe and optimal technical solutions. Eurocode 7'Geotechnical design'creates a general frame of this risk identification and reduction approach. Earth structures are offering great opportunities for sustainability approach. Therefore, the possibilities how to decrease consumption of land (greenfields), energy and natural aggregates are at the centre of interest. In parallel to sustainability, the principles of availability and affordability for transport infrastructures are discussed. The main aim there is to eliminate the impact of interaction of the transport infrastructure with natural and man-made hazards, thus guaranteeing long-term functionality. This book will be of interest to specialists responsible for transport infrastructure planning, investors (project owners) of motorways and railways and environmental engineers. The main focus is on those responsible for geotechnical investigations, earth structures design and on contractors of such structures.

This book presents the findings of recent theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans and lithosphere, discussing their interactions, environmental issues, geology, problems related to human impacts on the environment, and methods of geophysical research. It particularly focuses on the geomechanical aspects of the production of hydrocarbons, including the laborious extraction of oils. Furthermore, it includes contributions on ecological problems of the biosphere.

This book examines the water resistance capacity of the Upper Ordovician limestone and its feasibility as a water barrier to achieve safe and green mining. Mine water inrush events often occur during coal mine construction and production; they account for a large proportion of the coal mine disasters and accidents in China, second only to gas explosions. As mining depths and mining intensity continue to increase, the hydrogeological conditions encountered are becoming more complex. This book describes in-situ methods designed to test the water resistance of the limestone layer, as well as specific grouting techniques developed to transform this layer into a barrier that can prevent water inrush during mining. The innovative technologies, which were applied and validated in two coal mines, are applicable to other coal mines or any underground engineering works.

This textbook employs a technical and quantitative approach to explain subsurface hydrology and hydrogeology, and to offer a comprehensive overview of groundwater-related topics such as flow in porous media, aquifer characterization, contaminant description and transport, risk assessment, and groundwater remediation. It describes the characterization of subsurface flow of pristine and polluted water and provides readers with easily applicable tools for the design of water supply systems, drinking-water source protection, and remediation interventions. Specific applications range from groundwater exploitation as a drinking water supply to the remediation of contaminated aquifers, from the definition and safeguarding of drinking-water sources to the assessment of human health risks in connection with groundwater contamination events. The book represents an ideal learning resource for upper-undergraduate and graduate students of civil engineering, environmental engineering, andgeology, as well as practitioners in the fields of water resource management and environmental protection who are interested in groundwater engineering and technical hydrogeology.

Geology – Basics for Engineers (second edition) presents the physical and chemical characteristics of the Earth, the nature and the properties of rocks and unconsolidated deposits/sediments, the action of water, how the Earth is transformed by various phenomena at different scales of time and space. The book shows the engineer how to take geological conditions into account in their projects, and how to exploit a wide range of natural resources in an intelligent way, reduce geological hazards, and manage subsurface pollution.This second edition has been fully revised and updated. Through a problem-based learning approach, this instructional text imparts knowledge and practical experience to engineering students (undergraduate and graduate level), as well as to experts in the fields of civil engineering, environmental engineering, earth sciences, architecture, land and urban planning.Free digital supplements to the book, found on the book page, contain solutions to the problems and animations that show additional facets of the living Earth.The original French edition of the book (2007) won the prestigious Roberval Prize, an international contest organized by the University of Technology of Compiegne in collaboration with the General Council of Oise, France. Geology, Basics for Engineers was selected out of a total of 110 candidates. The jury praised the book as a'very well conceived teaching textbook'and underscored its highly didactic nature, as well as the excellent quality of its illustrations.Features:Offers an exhaustive outline of the methods and techniques used in geology, with a study of the nature and properties of the principal soils and rocksHelps students understand how geological conditions should be taken into account by the engineer by taking a problem-solving approachContains extensive figures and examples, solutions to probems, and illustrative animationsPresents a highly didactic and synthetic work intended for engineering students as well as experts in civil engineering, environmental engineering, the earth sciences, and architecture

This book includes the best-selected papers on the latest advancements in underground structures and geological engineering.The ongoing population growth is resulting in rapid urbanization, new infrastructure development, and increasing demand for the Earth's natural resources (e.g., water, oil/gas, minerals). This, together with the current climate change and increasing impact of natural hazards, implies that the engineering geology profession is called upon to respond to new challenges. It is recognized that these challenges are particularly relevant in the developing and newly industrialized regions.

Subsurface investigation is the most important phase of any civil engineering construction or development activities. The geologic conditions can be extremely complex, variable, and subject to change with time; soil test borings and in-situ tests are employed to obtain subsoil information. Resistivity Imaging (RI) is a non-destructive, fast and cost-effective method of site investigation and soil characterization.Site Investigation using Resistivity Imaging aims to summarize pertinent details of RI in site investigation for geotechnical and geo-environmental applications. It aims to bridge the gap that currently exists between the geotechnical/geo-environmental and geophysical engineering community. The geotechnical and geo-environmental engineers will be able to use annd understand geophysical data and utilize the information for their design. Features: First comprehensive handbook aimed at engineers that summarises pertinent details of Resitivity Imaging (RI) in site investigation for geotechnical and geo-environmental applications. for geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers, making it possible to interpret geophysical data and utilize the information for their design. explanining the advantages of RI over conventional site investigations: continuous image, large coverage, low cost, quick and easy data processing. It will be a comprehensive handbook for the application of RI in geotechnical and geo-environmental site investigations.

Geotechnische Messungen liefern wichtige Werte über den Untergrund. Diese Werte bilden die Basis für die Planung von Bauwerken. Die häufigsten Schäden am Bau beruhen erfahrungsgemäß nicht auf Rechenfehlern, sondern auf falschen Annahmen für die Baugrundeigenschaften. Selbst wenn der Baugrund sorgfältig untersucht wurde, sollte die Qualität der Konstruktion und der Gründung durch Messungen nachgewiesen bzw. gesichert werden.Dieses Buch stellt die verschiedenen geotechnischen Instrumente vor, die zur Untersuchung des Untergrundes und der Konstruktion verwendet werden. Neben einer detaillierten Beschreibung der Messmethoden, liefert das Buch eine Anleitung dafür was beim Einsatz des jeweiligen Instrumentes beachtet werden muss. Die zweite Auflage dieses Fachbuches wurde gründlich überarbeitet und dem neusten Stand der Technik angepasst. Sie enthält im Anhang praktische Beispiele für Ausschreibungstexte und eine aktuelle Liste der Technischen Empfehlungen und DIN-Normen.

This book is a practical guide to downhole rock sampling and coring concepts, methods, systems, and procedures for practitioners and researchers. Its chapters are based upon years of extensive studies and research about the coring methods and via direct and continuous communication and consultation obtained from various service and operator companies such as Baker Hughes GE, NOV, OMV, and Sandvik. The contributors discuss the state-of-the-art coring methods and systems (mainly used in the petroleum industry), which include: · conventional coring; · wireline continuous coring; · invasion mitigation coring (low invasion, gel coring, sponge coring); · jam-detection, anti-jamming, full closure; · safe-coring and tripping; · oriented-coring; · pressure/in-situ coring; · logging-while-coring; · motor coring; · mini-coring; · coiled Tubing Coring; and · underbalanced coring. The contributors provide practical and applicable understanding of the procedures of these coring methods and systems, as well as the specific core barrel components, working mechanisms, and schematics of the tools and processes used. Because Coring Methods and Systems analyses and compares the core barrels used in both petroleum and mining industries, it enhances the communication and may allow knowledge transfer between the two industries. As core damage is a serious issue during coring and handling jeopardizing correct calibration of exploration data, Coring Methods and Systems has greatly focused on its identification and its mitigation. Therefore, it can be used as an ideal source for geologists, core analysts, and reservoir engineers, to ensure the retrieval of high-quality cores.