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This book offers a compact overview on crystallography, symmetry, and applications of symmetry concepts. The author explains the theory behind scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic radiation. X-ray diffraction on single crystals as well as quantitative evaluation of powder patterns are discussed.

An excellent book for professional crystallographers! In 2012 the crystallographic community celebrated 100 years of X-ray diffraction in honour of the pioneering experiment in 1912 by Max von Laue, Friedrich and Knipping. Experimental developments e.g. brilliant X-ray sources, area detection, and developments in computer hardware and software have led to increasing applications in X-ray analysis. This completely revised edition is a guide for practical work in X-ray analysis. An introduction to basic crystallography moves quickly to a practical and experimental treatment of structure analysis. Emphasis is placed on understanding results and avoiding pitfalls. Essential reading for researchers from the student to the professional level interested in understanding the structure of molecules.

New methods for the determination of the nature, proportion, and distribution of structural defects in microcrystallized lamellar systems are of utmost importance not only to experimentalists but also to theoreticians. Mathematical formalism - indispensable for such analyses - is well-illustrated by various examples, allowing this method to be easily adopted and even to be applied to other solids with lamellar or pseudo-lamellar structures.

This book on X-ray Crystallography is a compilation of current trends in the use of X-ray crystallography and related structural determination methods in various fields. The methods covered here include single crystal small-molecule X-ray crystallography, macromolecular (protein) single crystal X-ray crystallography, and scattering and spectroscopic complimentary methods. The fields range from simple organic compounds, metal complexes to proteins, and also cover the meta-analyses of the database for weak interactions.

To solve a crystal structure means to determine the precise spatial arrangements of all of the atoms in a chemical compound in the crystalline state. This knowledge gives a chemist access to a large range of information, including connectivity, conformation, and accurate bond lengths and angles. In addition, it implies the stoichiometry, the density, the symmetry and the three dimensional packing of the atoms in the solid. Since interatomic distances are in the region of100-300 pm or 1-3 A, 1 microscopy using visible light (wavelength Ä ca. 300-700 nm) is not applicable (Fig. l. l). In 1912, Max von Laue showed that crystals are based on a three dimensionallattice which scatters radiation with a wavelength in the vicinity of interatomic distances, i. e. X -rays with Ä = 50-300 pm. The process bywhich this radiation, without changing its wave­ length, is converted through interference by the lattice to a vast number of observable'reflections'with characteristic directions in space is called X-ray diffraction. The method by which the directions and the intensities of these reflections are measured, and the ordering of the atoms in the crystal deduced from them, is called X-ray struc­ ture analysis. The following chapter deals with the lattice properties of crystals, the starting point for the explanation of these interference phenomena. Interatomic distances Crystals..........