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This book addresses Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS), which has gained worldwide acceptance as an analytical technique. FAAS offers 100-1000 times better determination and detection limits than other techniques for a majority of the elements. This technique requires a small sample size, and demands less sample-preparation time than others. The handbook is a collection of thousands of references for detection and determination of various elements in agricultural products, biological and clinical samples, and metallurgical and electronic materials. Each chapter is devoted to an element or a similar group of elements. Included are instrumental setup parameters, references, and author and subject indexes. Also presented are detailed appendixes covering glossary, list of manufacturers of spectrophotometers and its accessories, list of chemical suppliers, and list of reviews and abstracts. The handbook covers topics such as heavy metals, clinical products, and trace metal analysis. This desk-top reference is meant for chemists who handle day-to-day analysis problems in laboratories in government, clinical, industrial and academic settings. It is invaluable for those involved in research in environmental science, analytical chemistry, clinical chemistry and forensic science.

Proudly serving the scientific community for over a century, this 97th edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is an update of a classic reference, mirroring the growth and direction of science. This venerable work continues to be the most accessed and respected scientific reference in the world. An authoritative resource consisting of tables of data and current international recommendations on nomenclature, symbols, and units, its usefulness spans not only the physical sciences but also related areas of biology, geology, and environmental science. The 97th edition of the Handbook includes 20 new or updated tables along with other updates and expansions. It is now also available as an eBook. This reference puts physical property data and mathematical formulas used in labs and classrooms every day within easy reach.

Upconverting Nanomaterials: Perspectives, Synthesis, and Applications serves as a powerful instrument that explores cutting-edge research knowledge on the topic of upconverting nanosystems, while simultaneously providing the necessary fundamental background for nonspecialist readers. The various aspects of upconverting materials are approached both from a theoretical point of view, particularly upconverting phenomenon, and a practical one. By presenting synthetic strategies, functionalization, production of core shell structures and nanocomposites, this book supplies PhD students, researchers, and scientists with a wealth of ideas they can apply to different fields of research. Thirty-five renowned scientists from around the world have collaborated to produce 11 chapters that help to'make a voyage'through the most important aspects of UPNPs, including syntheses, mechanism, functionalization, and applications.

Proudly serving the scientific community for over a century, this 95th edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is an update of a classic reference, mirroring the growth and direction of science. This venerable work continues to be the most accessed and respected scientific reference in the world. An authoritative resource consisting of tables of data and current international recommendations on nomenclature, symbols, and units, its usefulness spans not only the physical sciences but also related areas of biology, geology, and environmental science.The 95th Edition of the Handbook includes 22 new tables and major updates and expansions. A new series highlighting the achievements of some of the major historical figures in chemistry and physics was initiated with the 94th edition. This series is continued with this edition, which is focused on Galileo Galilei, James Clerk Maxwell, Marie Sklodowska Curie, and Linus Carl Pauling. This series, which provides biographical information, a list of major achievements, and notable quotations attributed to each of the renowned chemists and physicists, will be continued in succeeding editions. Each edition will feature two chemists and two physicists.Available in traditional print format, as an eBook, and online, this reference puts physical property data and mathematical formulas used in labs and classrooms every day within easy reach. New tables:Section 8: Analytical Chemistry Figures of Merit Common Symbols Used in Gas and Liquid Chromatographic Schematic Diagrams Varieties of Hyphenated Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry Section 15: Practical Laboratory Data Standard Fittings for Compressed Gas Cylinders Plug and Outlet Configurations for Common Laboratory Devices Section 16: Health and Safety Information Abbreviations Used in the Assessment and Presentation of Laboratory Hazards Incompatible Chemicals Explosion (Shock) Hazards Water-Reactive Chemicals Testing Requirements for Peroxidizable Compounds Tests for the Presence of Peroxides Pyrophoric Compounds - Compounds That Are Reactive with Air Flammability Hazards of Common Solvents Selection of Laboratory Gloves Selection of Respirator Cartridges and Filters Selection of Protective Laboratory Garments Protective Clothing Levels Chemical Fume Hoods and Biological Safety Cabinets Gas Cylinder Safety and Stamped Markings Laser Hazards in the Laboratory General Characteristics of Ionizing Radiation for the Purpose of Practical Application of Radiation Protection Radiation Safety Units Significantly updated and expanded tables:Section 1: Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors Update of Standard Atomic Weights (2013) Update of Atomic Masses and Abundances Section 8: Analytical Chemistry Expansion of Abbreviations and Symbols Used in Analytical Chemistry Section 9: Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy Update of Bond Dissociation Energies Section 12: Properties of Solids Major update and Expansion of Electron Stopping Powers Section 14: Geophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics Major Update of Interstellar Molecules Update of Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide, 1958-2013 Update of Global Temperature Trend, 1880-2013 Section 15: Practical Laboratory Data Major update of Reference Poi

'Nitrogen'Suppt. Vol. B 1 describes the compounds of nitrogen with noble gases and, in the major part, binary compounds composed of one nitrogen atom and hydrogen. Nitrogen­ hydrogen compounds with two and more nitrogen atoms are covered in'Nitrogen'Suppt. Vol. 82. There is some information on various nitrogen-noble gas species, to a large extent because of the interest in their bonding behavior. Experimental data have been obtained chiefly for some singly charged cations, particularly those formed by argon Like ArN + and ArNi. The existence of others has only been established by mass spectrometry. The binary compounds of nitrogen and hydrogen comprise NH, NH, NH, NH, the corre­ 2 4 5 sponding ions, and some adducts. NH and NH1 are not treated. The predominant part 3 of the volume covers the description of the molecules NH and NH. 8oth species are present 2 in photolytic processes in the atmosphere. They play an essential role in combustion systems regardless of whether the nitrogen stems from the nitrogen-containing fuel or from the air. Thus, much work has been devoted to the understanding of the nitrogen chemistry in combustion and in the atmosphere. The production and detection methods as weiL as the reactions have been comprehensively described. ln addition detailed information is given on the spectral behavior, the knowledge of which is important for detecting the mole­ cules and for studying their kinetics.

Progress in the Science and Technology of the Rare Earths, Volume 1 is a 16-chapter text that brings together significant advances in understanding the scientific and technological aspects of rare earths. The first chapters deal with the geochemical properties, mass extraction, separation, fractionation, and solution chemistry of rare earths (RE). The next chapter related the U.S.S.R. efforts in delineating the chemistry of RE and in the discovery of other groups of substances for separation of RE mixtures. These topics are followed by discussions on phase equilibrium properties of RE and other oxides in mixed systems; the crystal chemistry of RE derivatives; physical and structural properties of alloys and intermetallic compounds; and the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of RE chalcogenides. The final chapter discusses the technical, industrial, and commercial applications of RE, with emphasis on their metallurgical potential. This book is of value to inorganic and organic chemists and researchers in the allied fields.

Progress in the Science and Technology of the Rare Earths, Volume 2 is a collection of papers that details the advancement in various areas of rare earth technology. The coverage of the text includes the practical applications and methods of preparation of rare earth materials. The selection also covers topics about the various properties of rare earths, such as the molecular field model of exchange coupling in rare earth materials; thermodynamic and magnetic properties of the rare earth chalcogenides and pnictides; and structural and solid state chemistry of pure rare earth oxides. The book will be of great use to individuals involved in the research and development of technologies that utilize rare earth materials.

NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules: Principles and Applications is a compendium of papers that discusses the physical principles behind the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as, evaluates the scope and limitation of the applications of NMR in chemistry and biology. These papers emphasize the applications of the technique in chemistry and biochemistry where it widely used, particularlyon NMR experiments in the liquid state. Some papers describe the theoretical factors governing the resonance position and linewidth, and then also interpret magnetic resonance parameters in terms of electronic structure. Another paper investigates the gap between the mathematical complexities of earlier experiments and the operational aspects of chemical information from the spectra. Examples show studies in biochemical molecules and process in events where contact interactions are present either as a result of intrinsic molecular paramagnetism or are just induced through the addition of suitable paramagnetic probes. One paper presents the definitive and controversial results involving stereochemistry and deuterium NMR. This collection of papers will prove useful for nuclear physicists, researchers, and academicians in the field of nuclear physics.

Die Chemie bedient sich zur Bearbeitung ihrer Probleme immer mehr physikalischer Methoden. Die chemische Emissionsspektralanalyse stellt eine solche Arbeitsweise dar; sie ist für die Methoden der analytischen Chemie teils ein einfacher Ersatz, teils eine willkommene Ergänzung und ermöglicht den Nachweis fast aller Elemente. Ihre besonderen Vorteile sind die Raschheit und Empfindlichkeit des Nachweises, eine hohe Ein­ deutigkeit und ein geringer Material verbrauch. Von Bedeutung ist ferner, daß das Analysenergebnis auf der photographischen Platte dokumen­ tarisch festgelegt werden kann. Der Analysengang ist in allen Fällen prinzipiell derselbe. Von der Probe des Analysenmaterials wird ein mini­ maler Teil verdampft und zum Leuchten angeregt, das ausgesandte Licht spektral zerlegt und entweder okular beobachtet oder aber in den meisten Fällen photographisch oder photoelektrisch erfaßt. Aus der Lage der Spektrallinien zueinander erkennt man qualitativ die Zusammen­ setzung der Probe. Die Intensität der Linien dient als Grundlage der quantitativen Analyse. Besonders geeignet ist die Spektralanalyse als Schnellmethode, deren Vorteile mit der Zahl der auszuführenden Ana­ lysen wachsen. Da Aufnahme, Verarbeitung und Auswertung der photo­ graphischen Platte wenig Zeit in Anspruch nehmen und da fast immer ein Arbeitsgang genügt, um alle vorkommenden Stoffe nachzuweisen, fällt eine umständliche Trennung weg. Sie wird gewissermaßen vom Spektralapparat durch die Zerlegung des Lichtes in seine Komponenten durchgeführt.

The possibility of stimulated light emission was discussed by Einstein in 1917, eight years before the quantum-mechanical description of energy levels of many-electron systems. Though it is imperative to use samples having optical properties greatly different from the stan­ dard continuous spectrum of opaque objects ('black body'radia­ tion) it is not always necessary to restrict the study to monatomic entities. Thus, spectral lines can be obtained (in absorption and in emission) from lanthanide compounds, containing from one to thir­ teen 4f electrons going from trivalent cerium to ytterbium, that are nearly as sharp as the ones from gaseous atoms. However, the presence of adjacent atoms modifies the simple picture of an isolated electron configuration, and in particular, it is possible to pump excited levels efficiently by energy transfer from species with intense absorption bands, such as the inter-shell transitions of other lanthanides and of thallium(I), lead(II) and bismuth(III) or the electron transfer bands of the uranyl ion or other complexes. On the other hand, it is possible to diminuish the mUlti-phonon relaxation (competing with sharp line luminescence) by selecting vitreous or crystalline materials with low phonon energies. Obviously, one cannot circumvent the conservation of energy by lasers, but they may have unprecedented consequences for the future by allowing nuclear fusion of light elements, effects of non-linear optics and time-resolved spectroscopy, besides the more conventional applications of coherent light beams with negligible angular extension.

Mirroring the growth and direction of science for a century, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, now in its 92nd edition, continues to be the most accessed and respected scientific reference in the world, used by students and Nobel Laureates. Available in its traditional print format, the Handbook is also available as an innovative interactive product on DVD and online. Among a wealth of enhancements, this edition analyzes, updates, and validates molecular formulas and weights, boiling and melting points, densities, and refractive indexes in the Physical Constants of Organic Compounds Table through comparisons with critically evaluated data from the NIST Thermodynamics Research Center. New Tables:Analytical Chemistry Abbreviations Used In Analytical Chemistry Basic Instrumental Techniques of Analytical Chemistry Correlation Table for Ultraviolet Active Functionalities Detection of Outliers in Measurements Polymer Properties Second Virial Coefficients of Polymer Solutions Updated Tables:Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds Update of the Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Points of the Elements Fluid Properties Major update and expansion of Viscosity of Gases table Major update and expansion of Thermal Conductivity of Gases table Major update of Properties of Cryogenic Fluids Major update of Recommended Data for Vapor-Pressure Calibration Expansion of table on the Viscosity of Liquid Metals Update of Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Gases table Added new refrigerant R-1234yf to Thermophysical Properties of Selected Fluids at Saturation table Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy Major update of Atomic Radii of the Elements Update of Bond Dissociation Energies Update of Characteristic Bond Lengths in Free Molecules Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Update of Electron Affinities Update of Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities Nuclear and Particle Physics Major update of the Table of the Isotopes Properties of Solids Major update and expansion of the Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths table Update of table on Semiconducting Properties of Selected Materials Geophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics Update of the Global Temperature Trend table to include 2010 data Health and Safety Information Major update of Threshold Limits for Airborne Contaminants The Handbook is also available as an eBook.

As the title suggests, Isotope Effects in the Chemical, Geological and Bio Sciences deals with differences in the properties of isotopically substituted molecules, such as differences in the chemical and physical properties of water and the heavy waters. Since the various fields in which isotope effects are applied do not only share fundamental principles but also experimental techniques, this book includes a discussion of experimental apparatus and experimental techniques. Isotope Effects in the Chemical, Geological and Bio Sciences is an educational monograph addressed to graduate students and others undertaking isotope effect research. The fundamental principles needed to understand isotope effects are presented in appropriate detail. While it is true that these principles are more familiar to students of physical chemistry and some background in physical chemistry is recommended, the text provides enough detail to make the book an asset to students in organic and biochemistry, and geochemistry.

Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides: Magnetic and Hyperfine Interactions represents the sixth and final book by the late Brian Wybourne, an accomplished pioneer in the spectroscopy of rare earth ions, and Lidia Smentek, a leading theoretical physicist in the field. The book provides a definitive and up-to-date theoretical description of spec

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für'1957, II. Halbjahr: Juli – Dezember'verfügbar.

Progress in the Science and Technology of the Rare Earths

Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Uranyl Compounds is a guide to the research and physics of the actinide elements, particularly the uranyl ion. The book is introduced with the subject of the spectroscopy of uranyl salts in the solid state. Studies dealing with the fluorescence and absorption spectra of solid uranyl salts through band measurements and empirical classification, term analysis, and fluorescence spectrum in relation to excitation by light of various wavelengths are then discussed. The book also mentions the analysis of the uranyl spectrum by Dieke and co-workers, because of the precise measurements of the fluorescence and absorption bands obtained under the Manhattan project. The table determined by Pant and Sakhwalkar in their study of the florescence spectrum of solid, hydrated uranyl fluoride at -185 degrees centigrade is presented. The text also discusses the theory of electronic structure and spectra of the uranyl ion. The spectroscopy of uranyl compounds in solution and the uranyl fluorescence intensity and decay are then presented. The book then explains the process of measuring the intensity of slowly decaying florescence of uranyl salts. The primary photochemical reactions in uranyl compounds are found to be slow, giving rise to many secondary thermal reactions that may be unwanted. Researchers in the fields of chemistry and physics working on actinide elements will find this collection of monographs invaluable.

Systematic Materials Analysis focuses on the broad range of instrumental methods that brings new approaches to materials analysts to yield the desired information about a given material. This book explores the specific instruments that briefly outline the theories of operation. Organized into ten chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the analytical methods on the bases of specimen limitations and information desired, and then examines the use of flow charts encompassing the various instruments. This text then discusses the use of the charts, which present a complete listing of analytical instrumentation arranged so as to enable the selection of the best method for a given analytical task. Other chapters outline the theories of operation and describe the capability of the methods for quantitative and qualitative measurements of chemical composition, texture, and structure as applicable. This book is a valuable resource for materials analysts, engineers, biological scientists, laboratory administrators, and researchers.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 90 years The Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

Advances in Quantum Chemistry

Absorption Spectra and Chemical Bonding in Complexes focuses on chemical bonding in transition group complexes and molecules, including molecular orbitals, absorption bands, and energy levels. The book first outlines the history of chemical bonding, giving emphasis to different theories that paved the way for further studies in this field. The text then examines the energy levels of a configuration and molecular orbitals and microsymmetry. The publication takes a look at the interelectronic repulsion in M.O. configurations, the characteristics of absorption bands, and spectrochemical series. Electron transfer spectra, energy levels in complexes with almost spherical symmetry, molecular orbitals lacking spherical symmetry, and chemical bonding are also discussed. The book examines the determination of complex species in solution and their formation constants; survey of the chemistry of heavy, metallic elements; and tables of absorption spectra. The manuscript is a dependable source of data for physicists and group theorists interested in absorption spectra and chemical bonding.

Advances in Chemical Engineering

Methods of Experimental Physics, Volume 3: Molecular Physics focuses on molecular theory, spectroscopy, resonance, molecular beams, and electric and thermodynamic properties. The manuscript first considers the origins of molecular theory, molecular physics, and molecular spectroscopy, as well as microwave spectroscopy, electronic spectra, and Raman effect. The text then ponders on diffraction methods of molecular structure determination and resonance studies. Topics include techniques of electron, neutron, and x-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic, nuclear quadropole, and electron spin resonance. The publication takes a look at mass spectrometry and molecular beams, including molecular structural applications, chemical kinetics, beam formation and detection, molecular beam optics, and spectroscopy. The text also considers the electric properties of molecules and ultrasonic studies and thermodynamic properties of fluids. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in molecular physics.

Reactive Intermediates in the Gas Phase: Generation and Monitoring covers methods for reactive intermediates in the gas phase. The book discusses the generation and measurement of atom and radical concentrations in flow systems; the high temperature flow tubes, generation and measurement of refractory species; and the electronically excited long-lived states of atoms and diatomic molecules in flow systems. The text also describes the production and detection of reactive species with lasers in static systems; the production of small positive ions in a mass spectrometer; and the discharge-excited rare gas halide lasers. Chemists, physicists, and people working in aerochem laboratories will find the book invaluable.

Inorganic Complexes describes the particular features of inorganic complex chemistry, as it has developed since 1950. The chemical information recorded in this book is intimately connected with the theoretical approach applying M.O. theory, which is also called ligand field theory in the special case of transition group complexes with a partly filled shell, for classification of the energy levels and rationalization of the absorption spectra. This text also discusses the aqua, hydroxo, oxo, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo complexes; nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-containing ligands; amino acids and other N,O-containing ligands; and intermetallic bonding and co-operative effects. This publication is a good source for chemists and students conducting work on inorganic complex chemistry.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für'1962, Teil 1: A - K'verfügbar.

Mirroring the growth and direction of science for a century, the Handbook, now in its 93rd edition, continues to be the most accessed and respected scientific reference in the world. An authoritative resource consisting tables of data, its usefulness spans every discipline. This edition includes 17 new tables in the Analytical Chemistry section, a major update of the CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants and updates to many other tables. The book puts physical formulas and mathematical tables used in labs every day within easy reach. The 93rd edition is the first edition to be available as an eBook.

Spectroscopic Data Relative to Diatomic Molecules provides information pertinent to the electronic spectrum and spectroscopic properties of diatomic molecules. This book consists of a collection of tables that mainly deal with electronic spectra located in the infrared, the visible and the ultraviolet. Thermochemical data have been used in this book to make estimates of dissociation energies while results from electron diffraction experiments have been used to determine internuclear distances. This text provides information regarding potential energy curves, ionization potential, correlations with atomic states, electronic configuration, lifetimes, transition probabilities, astrophysical applications, and chemical physics. This book is a valuable resource for spectroscopists.

Perturbations in the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules examines in sufficient detail the spectrum of every diatomic molecule. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes the perturbations and simple procedures for evaluating matrix elements of angular momentum. The terms in the molecular Hamiltonian that are responsible for perturbations are elaborated in Chapter 2, while the process of reducing spectra to molecular constants and the difficulty of relating empirical parameters to terms in the exact molecular Hamiltonian are described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 discusses the magnitudes and physical interpretations of matrix elements. The transition intensities, especially quantum mechanical interference effects, are reviewed in Chapter 5. The last two chapters are devoted to the two forms of perturbation—predissociation and autoionization. This publication is a good source for graduate students, theorists, experimentalists, and potential users of spectroscopic data.

Complexes of the Rare Earths focuses on the properties, characteristics, and reactions of rare earth complexes. The book first offers information on the complexes of rare earths and coordination through nitrogen of the donors. Discussions focus on the factors influencing the formation of complexes, phenanthroline, phthalocyanine, pyridine, quinolone, and urotropine. The text then elaborates on coordination through oxygen of the donors, including acids, alcohols, adducts, aldehydes, and ketones. The publication takes a look at coordination through both oxygen and nitrogen of the donors; coordination through atoms other than nitrogen and oxygen; and spectral characteristics of rare earths and their complexes. Topics include crystal field splitting, intensification or hypersensitivity of absorption bands, electron transfer spectra and optical electronegativity, and nephelauxetic effect. The text further ponders on luminescence of rare earths in chelates and in different environments, laser and applicability of rare earths as laser materials, and rare earths and the actinides. The book is a dependable source material for readers interested in the complexes of rare earths.

Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume II is a collection of research studies on some of the spectroscopic methods and areas of inorganic chemistry in which spectroscopy has been used effectively. This book is divided into seven chapters that present the status reports and potentialities in the fields of study. Each chapter outlines the theoretical and experimental aspects, as well as the application to a specific field of the analytical method. The first three chapters deal with the molecular structure determination by neutron and X-ray diffraction, high-pressure vibrational spectroscopy, and electronic Raman transitions of rare earth ions. Other chapters explore the potential of electron spin resonance spectroscopy for inorganic radical and radical ion determination, as well as the application of electron spin resonance for coordination compound analysis. The remaining chapters examine the use of electronic spectroscopy for organometalloid study and the fluorescence and laser action in rare earth chelates. This book is intended primarily for analytical and inorganic chemists and spectroscopists who are interested in inorganic systems.

Volume 7 of Advances in Clinical Chemistry ranges over the whole gamut of the subject. The broad scope presented here is a deliberate act of policy - the aim is to emphasize the important role clinical chemistry plays in the progress of medical science and to dispel the view occasionally held that clinical chemistry merely supplies and uses diagnostic tools for the behoof of others who alone can interpret the information supplied by those tools.