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This book is a unique and authoritative review of chemical fronts in the ocean world. It includes regional chapters on chemical fronts in all major oceans (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Arctic, and Southern) and marginal seas (North Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Yellow Sea, and the East Siberian Sea). Thematic chapters focus on diverse topics such as cross-frontal transfer of nutrients; diapycnal mixing and its impact on nutrient fluxes in western boundary currents (Gulf Stream and Kuroshio); front-driven physical-biogeochemical-ecological interactions; dynamics of coloured dissolved organic matter; pollutant concentration and fish contamination in frontal zones; distribution of microplastics in the ocean, and Lagrangian methods to study the transport of marine litter.This volume will appeal to a broad audience, including researchers, instructors, students, and practitioners of all kinds involved in scientific and applied research, environment protection and conservation, and maritime industries including fisheries, aquaculture, and mining. Chapter'Lagrangian Methods for Visualizing and Assessing Frontal Dynamics of Floating Marine Litter with a Focus on Tidal Basins'is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book explores the development of novel marine biosurfactants. The book also covers the utilization of marine surfactants for biological and biomedical, and environmental applications. Marine Surfactants: Preparations and Applications aims to examine every aspect of marine derived surfactants.The first part of the book discusses the isolation of marine surfactants from various organisms include marine bacteria, algae, cyanobacteria and so on. The editors also examine the cultivation of marine microorganisms and the harvesting of other natural biological resources from the sea. The next part of the book discusses the application marine surfactants, including oil spill removal in the sea, bioremediation of polluted water and soil, treatments for breast cancer, restoration of marine environments, nanoparticles synthesis, and development of different kinds of emulsifiers. With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, this book will be an essential resource in understanding and developing various marine-derived surfactants. This book is intended for researchers and marine biotechnologists as well as medical practitioners working on a vast range of industrial and medical applications using marine materials. It would also be useful for students looking to understand the utilization of marine derived surfactants.

This book presents isotope data reflecting changes in temperature derived from core samples in South America. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) is examined in detail with respect to Stage 3. With over 20 chapters, this detailed treatise discusses high climatic variability, paleoclimatic events, Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, continental vertebrates, sea level changes, vegetation and climate changes based on pollen records, and the non-Amazon landscape and fauna from 65 to 20 ka B.P. The book also looks at the earth's magnetic field and climate change during MIS 3 and MIS 5 and presents a comparison between both stages with respect to marine deposits in Uruguay. With case studies drawn from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay this book presents research from the some of the worlds experts in this field.

Over the past ten years, a number of new large-scale oceanographic programs have been initiated. These include the Climate Variability Program (CLIVAR) and the recent initiation of the Geochemical Trace Metal Program (GEOTRACES). These studies and future projects will produce a wealth of information on the biogeochemistry of the world's oceans. Aut

The past two or three decades have seen many important advances in our knowledge of the chemistry, physics, geology and biology of the oceans. It has also become apparent that in order to understand the manner in which the oceans work as a'chemical system', it is necessary to use a framework which takes account of these interdisciplinary advances. Marine geochemistry has been written in response to the need for a single state-of-the-art text that addresses the subject of treating the sea water, sediment and rock reservoirs as a unified system. In taking this approach, a process-orientated framework has been adopted in which the emphasis is placed on identifying key processes operating within the'unified ocean'. In doing this, particular attention has been paid to making the text accessible to students from all disciplines in such a way that future advances can readily be understood. I would like to express my thanks to those people who have helped with the writing of this volume. In particular, I wish to put on record my sincere appreciation of extremely helpful suggestions made by Professor John Edmond, FRS. In addition, I thank Dr S. Rowlatt for his comments on the sections covering the geochemistry of oceanic sediments, and Dr G. Wolff for his invaluable advice on the organic geochemistry of biota, water and sediments. It is a great pleasure to acknowledge the help of Dr K. J. T.

This book critically examines the available literature on oceanic acidification, including a historical review of pH and atmospheric CO2 levels over the millennia; natural and anthropogenic sources of CO2 to the atmosphere and sea surface; chemical, physical, and biological mode of action; biological effects of acidification to marine plants and an

Over the last few decades many studies have focused on the oxygen depletion of coastal and oceanic waters. An understanding of the processes involved is fundamental to assess the effects of global and climatic changes and to support an ecosystem approach to adaptive environmental management for coastal seas and ocean basins.This timely book presents the state-of-the-art of our knowledge of the nature and chemical structure of redox interfaces in a marine water column, oxygen depletion and connected processes. The structures of the redox layers, including the distribution of certain parameters and microbiological features, are described in detail. The volume also covers studies devoted to the interannual variability of some oxygen-depleted systems, modeling and new developments in observation techniques. In addition, it identifies remaining gaps in our knowledge of the cycling of chemical elements in changing redox conditions. The chapters are based on extensive observational data, collected by the authors during sea and shore expeditions, on archive data, and on a broad range of scientific literature.

La mer a toujours fait rêver les hommes. Depuis l'Antiquité, ils ont exploré, commercé, vécu grâce à la mer. C'est d'elle qu'est venue la découverte des nouveaux mondes: jadis l'Orient des épices puis l'Amérique ; au XXe siècle, le développement de la civilisation du pétrole, du commerce mondial. Mais la mer ne peut se réduire aux espaces marins qui constituent cet irremplaçable milieu de communication : c'est un monde en soi dont les immenses profondeurs fascinent et intimident encore l'humanité — le rêve de Jules Verne. La science s'est penchée sur ce monde, au cours de la dernière génération et toujours davantage ; elle lui découvre une extrême richesse — l'incroyable diversité de la vie marine, les ressources minérales insoupçonnées des grands fonds — mais aussi d'une extrême fragilité, d'une chimie délicate. « Chimie », le mot est lâché : les équilibres chimiques et la diversité des éléments qui font la mer conditionnent au-delà de son évolution le devenir même de toute notre planète. La chimie contient les clefs qu'il nous faut connaître pour vivre en harmonie avec elle pour le bien de l'humanité. Des spécialistes de l'exploration et de l'étude scientifique de la chimie de la mer nous présentent ici comment les scientifiques peuvent : «comprendre la mer », ses courants profonds planétaires et séculaires qui jouent le rôle clef dans nos prévisions sur le changement climatique ; comment aussi les hommes peuvent « profiter de la mer » en y trouvant les ressources minérales (mais seront-elles exploitables?) pour lesquelles nos continents nous promettent la pénurie, ou biologiques par des substances nouvelles promesses de bienfaits (médicaments par exemple). Mais ici comme ailleurs, sur mer comme sur terre, nos comportements sont bien irresponsables en matière d'environnement et une troisième partie de cet ouvrage, « la chimie pour aider la mer », appelle à l'utilisation de techniques pour lutter contre la pollution.'Voilà un bel ouvrage de sciences qui vise à faire comprendre le fonctionnement des océans, et leurs enjeux économiques et environnementaux. C'est un livre de scientifiques, dense, documenté, sérieux, mais accessible dès lors qu'on a gardé quelques souvenirs des classes de physique et chimie du lycée.'(Magazine DDM) Feuilletez l'ouvrage ici!

Introduction to Marine Biogeochemistry focuses on the ocean's role in the biogeochemical cycling of selected elements and the impact of humans on the cycling of these elements. Among the topics covered are the chemical composition of seawater from the perspectives of elemental speciation and the impacts of solutes on water's physical behavior; biogeochemical phenomena which control accumulation and preservation of marine sediments; marine chemistry of radioactive and stable isotopes; and seawater pollution. The book contains many examples as well as steady-state models to aid readers in understanding this growing and complex science.. - The focus of Introduction to Marine Biogeochemistry is the concept of the ocean as a system, linking land and atmospheric processes - The text integrates the most current research, allowing students to learn concepts in context - Includes detailed coverage of computational aspects

Since 1980 a considerable amount of scientific research dealing with geochemical processes in marine sediments has been carried out. This textbook summarizes the state of the art in this field of research. The topics comprise the examination of sedimentological and physical properties of the sedimentary solid phase, of pore water and pore water constituents, organic matter as the driving force of most microbiological processes, biotic and abiotic redox reactions, carbonates and stable isotopes as proxies for paleoclimate reconstruction, metal enrichments in ferromanganese nodules and crusts as well as in hot vents and cold seeps on the seafloor. A new chapter describes properties, occurrence and formation of gas hydrates in marine sediments. The textbook ends with a chapter on model conceptions and computer models to quantify processes of early diagenesis.

The oceans cover more than 70% of the earth's surface to an average depth of almost 4000 metres. It is therefore not surprising that exchanges that occur between ocean and atmosphere exert major influences on the global climate. In addition, there is great variety within the expanses of the ocean, including large temperature differences, and enormous biodiversity brought about by the great chemical diversity within the marine environment. Written by international experts in the field, Chemistry in the Marine Environment offers a multidisciplinary and authoritative review of this important topic. Included is a review of the opportunities and challenges in developing new pharmaceuticals from the sea and an examination of contamination and pollution in the marine environment, which is a cause of great concern world-wide. The international perspective of this book will engage the interest and attention of a wide readership, from chemical oceanographers to policymakers, from students in environmental science to those in oceanography programmes.

This book both describes the chemical parameters that must be measured in the ocean in order to improve our understanding of the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle and recommends technologies of analytical chemistry that could be applied to these parameters. Additionally, the volume recommends how the federal government, ocean scientists, and analytical chemists could work together more closely to speed development of new instruments and implementation of new techniques.