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This book offers a rationale for a new ‘ramified natural theology'that is in dialogue with both science and historical-critical study of the Bible. Traditionally, knowledge of God has been seen to come from two sources, nature and revelation. However, a rigid separation between these sources cannot be maintained, since what purports to be revelation cannot be accepted without qualification: rational argument is needed to infer both the existence of God from nature and the particular truth claims of the Christian faith from the Bible. Hence the distinction between ‘bare natural theology'and ‘ramified natural theology.'The book begins with bare natural theology as background to its main focus on ramified natural theology. Bayesian confirmation theory is utilised to evaluate competing hypotheses in both cases, in a similar manner to that by which competing hypotheses in science can be evaluated on the basis of empirical data. In this way a case is built up for the rationality of a Christian theist worldview.Addressing issues of science, theology and revelation in a new framework, this book will be of keen interest to scholars working in Religion and Science, Natural Theology, Philosophy of Religion, Biblical Studies, Systematic Theology, and Science and Culture.

In Healing All Creation, a scripture scholar and a religion journalist explore the literary and theological symmetries of Genesis, the Gospel of Mark and the unfolding story of evolution, as told by science and the emerging discipline of cosmological theology. Read together, these narratives shed new light on the Judeo-Christian tradition and offer fresh ideas about how to respond to the moral and environmental crises of our times. Scientific discoveries make it increasingly clear that everything in the world is connected. Physically and spiritually, small actions can have great impact: In the creation myths of Genesis, it is possible for individuals to generate great evil, but also do enormous good and repair a broken world. Mark's story of the public life of Jesus speaks to the transformative effect of cumulative acts of compassion. Cosmological theology suggests that evolution is spiritual as well as material, and that our search for meaning is dynamic, ongoing and grounded in the sanctity of all creation.This book speaks to those for whom Judeo-Christian scripture is important, but also to those who consider themselves spiritual but not religious: those who stand in awe of the majesty of the universe and appreciate the sanctity of all creation. It introduces to a general audience a century-long dialogue among scientists, theologians, scripture scholars and summons the voices of 20th century spiritual heroes, contemporary theologians and religion scholars from a variety of traditions and perspectives. This accessible but scholarly narrative and robust endnotes make it valuable as a textbook for college-level courses on religion and ecology.The authors offer fresh insights into Mark's story of the healing ministry of Jesus and his relationships with women, including his crushing final encounter with the women who stayed with him to the end and the transformative mission it inspired. It raises questions about the gender inequity that persists in organized religion and in the world at large. This book examines institutional Christianity's historical failures such as the early abandonment of nonviolence and its tendency to question the validity of scientific discoveries. It explores the impact of dispensational theology, whose vision of a material world ending in fiery apocalypse produced Christians so focused on the end-times that they have scant regard for the sanctity of the Earth.It has been said that the Bible is the most-purchased and least-read book in America. This accessible narrative introduces a diverse general audience to the riches of contemporary scripture scholarship, the wisdom of cosmological theology and a renewed awareness of the sanctity of all creation.

What did the writer of Genesis mean by “the first day”? Is it a literal week or a series of time periods? If I believe that the earth is 4.5 billion years old, am I denying the authority of Scripture? In response to the continuing controversy over the interpretation of the creation narrative in Genesis, John Lennox proposes a succinct method of reading and interpreting the first chapters of Genesis without discounting either science or Scripture. With examples from history, a brief but thorough exploration of the major interpretations, and a look into the particular significance of the creation of human beings, Lennox suggests that Christians can heed modern scientific knowledge while staying faithful to the biblical narrative. He moves beyond a simple response to the controversy, insisting that Genesis teaches us far more about the God of Jesus Christ and about God's intention for creation than it does about the age of the earth. With this book, Lennox offers a careful yet accessible introduction to a scientifically-savvy, theologically-astute, and Scripturally faithful interpretation of Genesis.

Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species has changed the landscape of religious thought in many ways. There is a widespread assumption that before Darwin, all Christians believed that the world was created some 6,000 years ago over a period of 6 days. After Darwin, the first chapters of Genesis were either rejected totally by skeptics or defended vehemently in scientific creationism. This book tells a very different story. Bringing together contributions from biblical scholars, historians and contemporary theologians, it is demonstrated that both Jewish and Christian scholars read Genesis in a non-literal way long before Darwin. Even during the nineteenth century, there was a wide range of responses from religious believers towards evolution, many of them very positive. Stephen C. Barton and David Wilkinson argue that being receptive to the continuing relevance of Genesis today regarding questions of gender, cosmology, and the environment is a lively option.