467 results on '"A. Caroli"'
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2. Der Ursprung der Reformation: Historische Studien : Biographie von Martin Luther und Katharina von Bora, 95 Thesen, Lutherbibel, Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen
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Leopold von Ranke, Martin Luther, Ricarda Huch, Stefan Zweig, Philipp Melanchthon, Albrecht Thoma, Julius Kostliin, Leopold von Ranke, Martin Luther, Ricarda Huch, Stefan Zweig, Philipp Melanchthon, Albrecht Thoma, and Julius Kostliin
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In'Der Ursprung der Reformation: Historische Studien'wird der Leser auf eine facettenreiche Reise durch die Ereignisse, Philosophien und literarischen Meisterwerke geführt, die zusammen den Komplex der Reformation in Europa ausmachen. Die Sammlung präsentiert eine breite Palette von Texten, die von theologiegeschichtlichen Untersuchungen bis hin zu detaillierten biographischen Skizzen führender Figuren der Epoche reichen. Diese vielschichtigen Beiträge, verfasst von namhaften Gelehrten und Schriftstellern wie Leopold von Ranke, Martin Luther und Stefan Zweig, erlauben es, die literarischen und historischen Strömungen dieser Umbruchszeit aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln zu betrachten und die Bedeutung einzelner Persönlichkeiten für die damaligen gesellschaftlichen Wandlungsprozesse zu erfassen. Die Autoren und Herausgeber dieser Sammlung, allesamt tief verwurzelt in den geistigen Traditionen ihrer Zeit, haben durch ihre Arbeiten maßgeblich zum Verständnis der Reformation und ihrer Auswirkungen auf die europäische Kultur und Geschichte beigetragen. Ihre Texte spiegeln nicht nur die vielfältigen historischen und kulturellen Kontexte, in denen sie entstanden sind, sondern auch die persönlichen Überzeugungen und das intellektuelle Engagement der Verfasser.'Der Ursprung der Reformation: Historische Studien'ist daher nicht nur eine Anthologie im herkömmlichen Sinn, sondern auch ein Zeugnis der Auseinandersetzung mit einem der prägenden Ereignisse der europäischen Geschichte. Diese Sammlung ist für jeden Leser unverzichtbar, der ein tieferes Verständnis für die Reformation und ihre nachhaltige Wirkung auf die Welt von heute erlangen möchte. Sie bietet eine einzigartige Gelegenheit, sich mit den vielfältigen Ansichten und Interpretationen zu befassen, die in den Werken der Autoren zum Ausdruck kommen, und fordert zum Nachdenken und weiteren Forschen auf. Die Lektüre ist somit nicht nur eine Bildungsreise, sondern auch eine Inspiration, die zum Dialog zwischen den Zeilen einlädt.
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- 2024
3. Das ›Bellum Iudaicum‹ des Ambrosius
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Otto Zwierlein and Otto Zwierlein
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Frühe Handschriften bezeugen Ambrosius als den Verfasser der in fünf Bücher umgestalteten lateinischen Version der ‘Geschichte des Jüdischen Krieges gegen die Römer', die Flavius Josephus in sieben Büchern griechisch vorgegebenen hatte. Diese Zuschreibung des seit ca. 830 meist unter dem Pseudonym ‘Hegesippus'laufenden Werkes wird in dieser Studie u. a. durch Rekurs auf Prosarhythmus, Partikelgebrauch, idiomatische Wortkombination, ferner auf Nutzung und Fortentwicklung von Klassikerzitaten (gemessen an Aelius Donat und Arusianus Messius) gegen die heutige communis opinio gesichert, die Entstehung (im pannonischen Sirmium) auf die Jahre 367–372 eingegrenzt. Der zweite Teil beleuchtet historiographische Technik und Geschichtsdeutung des frühen Ambrosius, seine Entmythisierung des priesterlichen Propheten, Feldherrn und Geschichtsschreibers Josephus, dessen fiktionale Selbststilisierung zum gottgesandten Künder der Zukunft Vespasians er systematisch aus seiner Darstellung verbannt. Detaillierte Analysen erläutern die neue Werkstruktur, ihre an den'klassischen'Geschichtsdarstellern Sallust, Livius, Tacitus und Sueton orientierte literarische Form mit ausgeprägtem vergilischen und sallustischen Kolorit und die spezifisch ambrosianische Sicht auf die römischen Feldherrn und Kaiser von Pompeius und Julius Caesar bis zu Titus und Domitian. Über allem aber steht das Bild des christlichen Interpreten biblischer, vor allem alttestamentlicher Schriften, der die Kritik des Josephus an seinen von der Tradition der Väter abgewichenen Stammesgenossen schon vor dem Bischofsamt zur antijüdischen Polemik zuspitzt und in Anlehnung an Origenes und Eusebius ein Geschichtskonzept entwickelt, in dem die jüdisch-messianische Heilserwartung durch das Erscheinen Christi überholt worden ist.
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- 2024
4. A History of Early Christian Creeds
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Wolfram Kinzig and Wolfram Kinzig
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This history of early Christian creeds contains an up-to-date account of their origin and development from the credal texts in the New Testament to the fully fledged classical formulae of the 4th century. It includes the creeds'use and alteration in subsequent periods until the time of Charlemagne and the beginnings of the filioque controversy. In addition, the author provides a scholarly commentary on the most common ancient confessions: the Nicene Creed and the Apostles'Creed. Going beyond previous studies, the book contains chapters dedicated to the use of creeds in law, art, music, everyday life and even magic. Recently discovered source texts, such as a new Ethiopic version of the Roman Creed and a short recension of the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople, receive extensive treatment. Credal developments in the eastern churches beyond the borders of the Roman Empire complete this comprehensive overview. This volume is intended both as a textbook for advanced students of theology and cognate disciplines and as a reference book on the creeds in a wide range of contexts. All source texts are accompanied by modern English translations. Winner of the Alberigo Award 2024 awarded by the European Academy of Religion.
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- 2024
5. Narrative, Piety and Polemic in Medieval Spain : Biblical Rhetoric in the Reconquest Chronicles of León-Castile
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Alun Williams and Alun Williams
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- Crusades, History of religion, Medieval history and culture
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This book presents an original perspective on the variety and intensity of biblical narrative and rhetoric in the evolution of history writing in León-Castile during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It focuses on six Hispano-Latin chronicles, two of which make unusually overt and emphatic use of biblical texts. Of particular importance is the part played by the influence of exegesis that became integral to scriptural and liturgical influence, both in and beyond monastic institutions.Alun Williams provides close analysis of the text and comparisons with biblical typology to demonstrate how these historians from the north of Iberia were variously dependent on a growing corpus of patristic and early medieval interpretation to understand and define their world and their sense of place.Narrative, Piety and Polemic in Medieval Spain sees Williams examine this material as part of a comparative exploration of language and religious allusion, showing how the authors used these biblical-liturgical elements to convey historical context, purpose and interpretation.
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- 2024
6. Liber I (De Deo) : Erster Halbband. Α–Ε
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José Declerck, Tobias Thum, José Declerck, and Tobias Thum
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Die Forschungen von K. Holl (1896 und 1899) und M. Richard (1962 und 1976) haben gezeigt, dass die von M. Lequien 1712 (PG 95–96) publizierten Sacra Parallela nur Auszüge eines sehr viel umfangreicheren, in drei Bücher unterteilten Florilegs sind, das in seiner ursprünglichen Form verloren ist, aber mit Hilfe der aus ihm abgeleiteten Florilegien einigermaßen rekonstruiert werden kann. Spätestens seit dem 10. Jh. wurden die Sacra Johannes von Damaskos zugeschrieben, wohl zu Unrecht, da gute Gründe für eine Datierung des Werkes in das erste Viertel des 7. Jh.s sprechen. Das erste Buch ist Gott gewidmet.
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- 2024
7. Slave Emancipation, Christian Communities, and Dissent in Post-Abolition Tanzania, 1878-1978
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Salvatory S. Nyanto and Salvatory S. Nyanto
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The first historical account of the dramatic growth of Christianity in Western Tanzania during the twentieth century and of the role of former slaves in this process.Examining the intersection of post-slavery and evangelism, this book shows the ways that former slaves from a variety of linguistic and cultural backgrounds came together to create new communities in the Christian missions of western Tanzania. It shows how converts adapted to Christianity and, at the same time, shaped it through their translations of the Bible and other religious texts into the Kinyamwezi language, integrating concepts from their own cultures and experiences of slavery. Working as teachers, pastors, and catechists, former slaves and their descendants laid the basis for the growth of African Christianity in the region, and the book pays particular attention to women's agency in creating spaces for negotiating kinship ties and mutual relations with the wider communities. It also delves into the range of missionary sources to show the experience of lay Christians who opposed religious authority in Catholic and Moravian missions, examining the division caused by catechists'demands for equality of status, recognition, and appropriate pay in the context of ujamaa and the turmoil brought about by the revival movement. Through narratives of religious experience from multiple missions and village outstations, the book shows how former slaves created a Kinyamwezi-speaking Christian culture, taking inspiration both from European missionaries and neighbouring African villagers, and became part of evolving rural communities in the inter-war period, enabling their descendants to achieve a significant degree of social mobility.
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- 2024
8. Biblia Americana : America's First Bible Commentary. A Synoptic Commentary on the Old and New Testaments. Volume 2: Exodus - Deuteronomy
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Cotton Mather, Reiner Smolinski, Cotton Mather, and Reiner Smolinski
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The first American commentary on all books of the Old and New Testaments, Cotton Mather's Biblia Americana (1693-1728) is a unique record of how European Enlightenment criticism (Newtonianism, Cartesianism, philosophical materialism, Spinozism, cultural historicism) of the Bible impacted Reformed theology and biblical hermeneutics in colonial New England before the American Revolution. Biblia Americana contains more than 3,000,000 words and represents Mather's collective thoughts on all manner of issues, from the Mosaic creation account to the Second Coming and Judgment Day. In Volume 2 (Exodus - Deuteronomy), Mather harmonizes miracles with natural philosophy, Israelite uniqueness with cultural archaeology, and textual variants and authenticity with up-to-date philological criticism. Particularly noteworthy is his comparative approach to Israelite rituals and iconography with those of their Egyptian and Canaanite neighbors, and the transmission of religious ideas from Egypt to Greece and Rome. He was fully vested in virtually every theological and scientific debate of his age, perhaps the last American of his generation to possess such all-encompassing knowledge. This never-before-published document demonstrates that Mather fully participated in the European debate as he disseminated his new ideas from his Boston pulpit and in his numerous publications.
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- 2024
9. Consensus
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Andreas Speer, Thomas Jeschke, Andreas Speer, and Thomas Jeschke
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Wie sehr unser Alltag auf Konsensen der unterschiedlichsten Art beruht, merkt man immer dann, wenn diese implizit oder explizit aufgekündigt werden. Damit verbunden ist eine Begriffs- und Theoriegeschichte, der sich die Beiträge dieses Bandes aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive widmen. Gegenstand ist der zentrale Beitrag eines vielsprachigen und multikulturellen Jahrtausends, das wir gewöhnlich Mittelalter nennen. Im Mittelpunkt der Begriffsarchäologie in historischer und systematischer Absicht steht der Begriff „consensus', der auch in gegenwärtigen Debatten eine beachtliche Konjunktur besitzt. Ein Konsens beruht auf einer in vernünftiger Rede konstituierten Gemeinsamkeit. Die ihm zugrundeliegende Übereinstimmung ist jedoch von der Art der gut begründeten, anerkannten Meinungen, nicht von der Art der Beweise. Im Unterschied zur Zustimmung aus rein theoretischen Gründen tritt beim consensus zur Einsicht in die Gründe ein Moment willensmäßiger Zustimmung hinzu. Zugespitzt gesagt: Ein Konsens muss auch gewollt sein. Wie aber kommt ein Konsens zustande und was geschieht, wenn er aufgekündigt wird? Der historische Blick zeigt uns wie in einem Laboratorium die zentrale Idee wie auch die Perspektivenvielfalt der Konsensthematik.
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- 2024
10. Prophecy and Politics in the Early Carolingian World
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Andrew Sorber and Andrew Sorber
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- Authority--Religious aspects, Carolingians, Prophecy, Revelation, Power (Social sciences)--History--To 1500.--, Political culture--History--To 1500.--Europe
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Prophetic and apocalyptic rhetoric play critical roles in the development and articulation of political authority in the reigns of Charlemagne (d. 814) and Louis the Pious (d. 840). The rhetorical authority derived from claims of receiving revelation, interpreting divine communication, speaking for God, and foreseeing calamities became a competitive medium through which individuals legitimized political behaviour, debated their long- and short-term aspirations, and struggled for political supremacy. Ranging from claims of revelations, dreams, and visions, to the adoption of rhetorical voices based on biblical prophets, to the interpretation of signs and portents, prophetic rhetoric enjoyed extensive experimentation and varied application throughout early medieval political discourse.Prophecy and Politics in the Early Carolingian World argues that claims of divine revelation, resistant to any attempts to monopolize them, provided a powerful means of speaking with authority for all participants in Frankish political discourse. This authority proved instrumental in the articulation and dismantling of effective Carolingian royal authority from 768 to 840. The volume introduces and reinterprets early Carolingian political discourse and intellectual activity, as well as the centrality of apocalypticism in the Carolingian period, by emphasizing prophecy, or revelation and authority, rather than prediction and calamity.Early Carolingian political discourse was a dialogue that took place across royal proclamations, legal statements, historical texts, visions, scriptural commentaries, and manifestations of the natural world, and in this dialogue, the ability to interpret God's will was as powerful as it was problematic.
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- 2024
11. Geschichte der Reformation: Wesentliche Werke : Biographie von Martin Luther und Katharina von Bora, 95 Thesen, Lutherbibel, Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen
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Leopold von Ranke, Martin Luther, Ricarda Huch, Stefan Zweig, Philipp Melanchthon, Albrecht Thoma, Julius Kostliin, Leopold von Ranke, Martin Luther, Ricarda Huch, Stefan Zweig, Philipp Melanchthon, Albrecht Thoma, and Julius Kostliin
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Die Anthologie'Geschichte der Reformation: Wesentliche Werke'vereinigt eine eindrucksvolle Zusammenstellung von Texten, die sich dem epochalen Umbruch der Reformation widmen. Mit Werken von Leopold von Ranke, Martin Luther, Ricarda Huch, Stefan Zweig, Philipp Melanchthon, Albrecht Thoma und Julius Kostliin, bietet der Band eine beeindruckende Bandbreite literarischer Stile und Perspektiven. Die Sammlung illustriert nicht nur die theologischen und politischen Dimensionen der Reformation, sondern beleuchtet auch deren tiefgreifende kulturelle und soziale Auswirkungen, wodurch sie in den literarischen Kanon eingebettet wird. Die Autoren, allesamt Schlüsselfiguren in der Geschichtsschreibung oder Zeitzeugen der Reformation, bringen ein reiches Spektrum an Hintergründen und Expertisen ein. Ihre Werke spiegeln die vielfältigen Stimmen und Kontroversen dieser Umbruchszeit wider und formen zusammen ein vielschichtiges Bild der Ereignisse, das die historische Bedeutung und die langanhaltenden Auswirkungen der Reformation aufzeigt. Diese divergierenden Perspektiven ermöglichen es den Lesern, ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis der Komplexität und Tragweite dieses historischen Moments zu entwickeln.'Geschichte der Reformation: Wesentliche Werke'ist für jeden Leser, der sich für Geschichte, Theologie und die Kunst der Geschichtsschreibung interessiert, eine unverzichtbare Ressource. Die Sammlung bietet die seltene Gelegenheit, ein facettenreiches Bild der Reformation durch die Augen einiger ihrer bedeutendsten Chronisten und Protagonisten zu betrachten. Leser werden eingeladen, sich auf eine tiefgründige Erkundung einzulassen, die nicht nur Bildungswert besitzt, sondern auch zu weiterem Nachdenken und Dialog über dieses prägende Ereignis der europäischen Geschichte anregt.
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- 2024
12. The Patristic Roots of Reformed Worship
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Hughes Oliphant Old and Hughes Oliphant Old
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The first part of this work describes the development of Reformed Worship from 1500-1542. The story begins with liturgical reforms of the Christian Humanists in Alsace, continues through the establishment of the first Protestant worship services in the Swiss cities of Zurich and Basel, joins with the currents of French evangelical thought flowing from Meaux, and finally reaches Geneva with the publication of Calvin's first psalter. Reformed worship is presented as the fruit of an inner-church liturgical renewal movement begun well before the Reformation which was then cultivated by the Rhineland Protestant Reformers. In order that we might be clear about how patristic literature affected this process, we turn next to discover what the Reformers knew about the church fathers. We show evidence of the impressive patristic knowledge of such men as Zwingli, Brucer, Hedio, Oecolampadius, and Calvin. An extensive bibliography of patristic editions known and used by the Reformers concludes the second part of the book. Finally we analyze each element of Reformed worship to show its development and to indicate its scriptural and particularly its patristic roots. The Prayer of Confession, the Prayer of Intercession, the Communion Invocation, and the Benediction are studied to show their liturgical purpose. How the Reformers understood their use of the lectionary, the sermon, psalmody, and hymnody is presented in the light of their understanding of the practice of the ancient church.
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- 2023
13. Progress in Origen and the Origenian Tradition
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Anders-Christian Jacobsen, Gaetano Lettieri, Maria Fallica, Anders-Christian Jacobsen, Gaetano Lettieri, and Maria Fallica
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- Progress--Religious aspects--Christianity--Congresses, Theology, Doctrinal--History--Early church, ca. 30-600--Congresses, Christian literature, Early--History and criticism--Congresses
- Abstract
Progress is a structural and systematic concept in the thought of Origen of Alexandria, which represents one of the most advanced syntheses of the Christian reading of the Old and the New Testaments'legacy and the classical paideia, as well as a rational critique towards every kind of static objectification of the religious. Origen's legacy was capable of radiating its influence through Western theology and philosophy, thus shaping its idea of theological, moral, intellectual, social and political progress. The volume follows the intellectual dynamism generated by the reception of Origen's thought through seventeen articles, which span through the centuries, from the analysis of Origen's thought to its reception history in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Modern Age, up until the 20th century.
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- 2023
14. Die römischen Repertorien : Neue Perspektiven für die Erforschung von Kirche und Kurie des Spätmittelalters (1378–1484)
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Claudia Märtl, Irmgard Fees, Andreas Rehberg, Jörg Voigt, Claudia Märtl, Irmgard Fees, Andreas Rehberg, and Jörg Voigt
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No longer a mere finding aid, the Repertorium Germanicum has become a complex register volume on church and curia history that, together with the sub-project Repertorium Poenitentiariae Germanicum, aims to meet ever increasing demands. This volume addresses new questions to both repertories.
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- 2023
15. Kritische Ausgabe : 1. Abteilung: Schriften. Band 6: Kleinere Schriften: Teilband 1
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Johann J. Spalding, Daniela Kirschkowski, Verena Look, Dennis Prause, Olga Söntgerath, Johann J. Spalding, Daniela Kirschkowski, Verena Look, Dennis Prause, and Olga Söntgerath
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Während die Hauptwerke des Aufklärungstheologen Johann Joachim Spalding zu ihrer Zeit breit rezipiert wurden und heute wieder zunehmend Beachtung erfahren, blieben dessen kleinere Schriften vergleichsweise unbekannt. Deren erstmalige, vollständige Neuedition schließt daher eine empfindliche Lücke der theologie-, philosophie- und literaturhistorischen Aufklärungsforschung: Über eine Zeitspanne von 60 Jahren - von der theologischen Disputation'De calumnia Juliani Apostatae'(1735) bis zu dem späten Essay'Von dem Wesentlichen der Religion'(1794) - geben sie zu erkennen, wie kontinuierlich und organisch sich das Denken Spaldings, dieses Patriarchen der Neologie und theologischen Bahnbrechers der Moderne, entfaltet hat. Insofern stellt der Band eine für das kirchen- und kulturgeschichtliche Verständnis der deutschen Aufklärung unverzichtbare Textwelt bereit. Eingehende Erläuterungen sowie ausführliche Namen-, Bibelstellen- und Sachregister erleichtern den sachdienlichen Gebrauch des Bandes. Mit ihm ist die Abteilung'Schriften'der Kritischen Spalding-Ausgabe innerhalb von sechs Jahren zu erfolgreichem Abschluß gelangt.
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- 2023
16. Der Gnadenstuhl als interkonfessionelles Zentralthema : Zum 'propitiatorium' in den Konfessionen und Medien der Frühen Neuzeit
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Jonathan Rehr and Jonathan Rehr
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- St. Johanniskirche (Reichenbach, Saxony, Germany), Spiritual life--History of doctrines--16th cen, Spiritual life--History of doctrines--17th cen, Grace (Theology)--History of doctrines--16th c, Grace (Theology)--History of doctrines--17 th, Reformation and art, Counter-Reformation and art, Ark of the Covenant in art, Typology (Theology), Church decoration and ornament--Germany--Reich
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Die Arbeit befasst sich in auslegungsgeschichtlicher Perspektive mit der in der Frühen Neuzeit äußerst prominent in Erscheinung tretenden Motivik des Gnadenstuhls, der Deckelplatte der alttestamentlichen Bundeslade. Ausgehend von der in Röm 3,25 erblickten Identifikation des Gnadenstuhls mit Christus kam es zu einer facettenreichen Entfaltung der Thematik in den Medien und Konfessionen der Frühen Neuzeit. Die intertestamentarisch geprägte Gnadenstuhl-Motivik diente dabei nicht nur zur bloßen Illustration theologischer Zusammenhänge, sondern trug vielmehr zur produktiven Durchdringung und Weiterentwicklung basaler Themen wie etwa der Bildtheologie, der Heiligenverehrung, des Gebets, der Rechtfertigung und des Gottesdienstes bei. Gleichzeitig kam der Thematik eine zentrale Stellung in der zeitgenössischen praxis pietatis zu. Sowohl in binnen- als auch in interkonfessionellen Debatten verhalf der Bezug auf die Gnadenstuhl-Thematik dazu, Gemeinsamkeiten aufzuzeigen, Konsens herbeizuführen oder Dissens zu präzisieren. So prägt das Bild des Gnadenstuhls einerseits die transkonfessionelle Frömmigkeits- und Meditationstheologie und -praxis in der Frühen Neuzeit und führt andererseits konfessionsspezifische Zentralanliegen vor Augen.
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- 2023
17. Bishops Under Threat : Contexts and Episcopal Strategies in the Late Antique and Early Medieval West
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Sabine Panzram, Pablo Poveda Arias, Sabine Panzram, and Pablo Poveda Arias
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- Bishops--Europe--Temporal power--History--To 1500, Civilization, Medieval
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The late antique and the early medieval periods witnessed the flourishing of bishops in the West as the main articulators of social life. This influential position exposed them to several threats, both political and religious. Researchers have generally addressed violence, rebellions or conflicts to study the dynamics related to secular powers during these periods. They haven't paid similar attention, however, to those analogous contexts that had bishops as protagonists. This book proposes an approach to bishops as threatened subjects in the late antique and early medieval West. In particular, the volume pursues three main goals. Firstly, it aims to identify the different types of threats that bishops had to deal with. Then it sets out to frame these situations of adversity in their own contexts. Finally, it will address the episcopal strategies deployed to deal with such contexts of adversity. In sum, we aim to underline the impact that these contexts had as a dynamiting factor of episcopal action. Thus the episcopal threats may become a useful approach to study the bishops'relationships with other agents of power, the motivations behind their actions and – last but not least – for understanding the episcopal rising power
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- 2023
18. Religious Enlightenment in the Eighteenth-century Nordic Countries : Reason and Orthodoxy
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Johannes Ljungberg, Erik Sidenvall, Johannes Ljungberg, and Erik Sidenvall
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- Enlightenment--Scandinavia
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This book explores the concept of religious Enlightenment in the Nordic countries during the long eighteenth century. It argues that Lutheran confessional culture became intertwined with Enlightenment ideas and practices in this European region. In the book's three parts, specialist historians explore themes central to students of the early modern era – historical writing, material culture, ecclesiastical and legal reform, censorship, cameralism and innovative medical practices. It offers a timely reconsideration of a complex period in European history from a northern perspective.
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- 2023
19. Bischofserhebungen und geistliche Landesherrschaften im spätmittelalterlichen Livland
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Henrike Bolte and Henrike Bolte
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Der Tod eines Bischofs löste im spätmittelalterlichen Livland fast schon regelmäßig einen Wettlauf zwischen Domkapitel, stiftischer Ritterschaft, Deutschem Orden und päpstlicher Kurie aus. Die Monographie behandelt die Bildung, die sozialen Profile und die Vernetzung sämtlicher Geistlichen, die sich zwischen 1378 und 1561 mit oder ohne Erfolg um die mit der Landesherrschaft verbundenen Bischofsstühle von Dorpat, Ösel und Kurland bemühten.
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- 2023
20. The History of Protestantism (Vol. 1-24)
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James Aitken Wylie and James Aitken Wylie
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'The History of Protestantism, which we propose to write, is no mere history of dogmas. The teachings of Christ are the seeds; the modern Christendom, with its new life, is the goodly tree which has sprung from them. We shall speak of the seed and then of the tree, so small at its beginning, but destined one day to cover the earth.'Content: Progress From the First to the Fourteenth Century Wicliffe and His Times, or Advent of Protestantism John Huss and the Hussite Wars Christendom at the Opening of the Sixteenth Century History of Protestantism in Germany to the Leipsic Disputation, 1519 From the Leipsic Disputation to the Diet at Worms, 1521. Protestantism in England, From the Times of Wicliffe to Those of Henry Viii. History of Protestantism in Switzerland Froma.d. 1516 to Its Establishment at Zurich, 1525. History of Protestantism From the Diet of Worms, 1521, to the Augsburg Confession, 1530. Rise and Establishment of Protestantism in Sweden and Denmark. Protestantism in Switzerland From Its Establishment in Zurich (1525) to the Death of Zwingli (1531) Protestantism in Germany From the Augsburg Confession to the Peace of Passau From Rise of Protestantism in France (1510) to Publication of the Institutes (1536) Rise and Establishment of Protestantism at Geneva. The Jesuits Protestantism in the Waldensian Valleys Protestantism in France From Death of Francis I (1547) to Edict of Nantes (1598) History of Protestantism in the Netherlands Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia Protestantism in Hungary and Transylvania The Thirty Years'War Protestantism in France From Death of Henry IV (1610) to the Revolution (1789) Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII Protestantism in Scotland
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- 2023
21. Sulle orme del sacro : I santuari dell'Europa occidentale. IV-XVI secolo
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André Vauchez and André Vauchez
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Dalla chiesa della Madonna del Parto a Sutri alla Sainte-Chapelle di Parigi, dal santuario di Santiago di Compostela a quello francescano della Verna: in tutta Europa, dalla tarda antichità al Rinascimento, sono sorti migliaia di santuari. Luoghi di secolare pellegrinaggio e devozione popolare. André Vauchez, uno dei più autorevoli maestri della storia medievale, ci accompagna alla scoperta del loro significato. I santuari hanno cominciato a diffondersi a partire dal IV secolo grazie al successo in Occidente del culto dei santi. Grande, infatti, era l'afflusso di pellegrini desiderosi di ottenere guarigioni, di venerare reliquie e immagini sacre legate soprattutto alle apparizioni della Madonna e dell'arcangelo Michele. Questo rappresentava un paradosso per la religione cristiana, dal momento che il suo fondatore aveva rifiutato l'idea che esistessero dei luoghi privilegiati per rivolgersi a Dio. Ma le iniziative dei vescovi e la pressione dei fedeli smussarono presto questo riserbo. André Vauchez ricostruisce la storia della formazione di questi santuari e la loro crescita all'interno del mondo cristiano occidentale fra il IV e il XVI secolo. I più rinomati furono quelli di Gerusalemme – a cominciare dal Santo Sepolcro –, San Michele Arcangelo sul Gargano e in Normandia, San Martino di Tours e Rocamadour in Francia, Santiago di Compostela in Spagna e, negli ultimi secoli del Medioevo, San Francesco ad Assisi e della Madonna di Loreto in Italia. Insieme ad altri più modesti e meno noti, questi santuari formarono una rete densa di luoghi sacri che popolò l'Europa con forme nuove di sacralità. Un'ampia iconografia completa una ricerca così vasta e originale.
- Published
- 2023
22. Origenes brevior : Studi sulla tradizione del Commento a Matteo (con l’edizione dei libri 12 e 13)
- Author
-
Raffaele Tondini and Raffaele Tondini
- Subjects
- Bible. Matthew--Criticism, interpretation, etc, Bible. Matthew--Commentaries--Early works to 1
- Abstract
The Commentary on Matthew is one of Origen's works we can partially read in Greek language. Nonetheless, this Greek text doesn't reproduce Origen's work in its original form but in a later abridgement. The shortened nature of the Greek text is demonstrated thanks to a close comparison with fragments from exegetical catenae (cap. 1) and with an anonymous Latin translation (cap. 2). Particular attention is devoted to a 5th-century palimpsest fragments of the unabridged Commentary (cap. 4). The previous editor of the Commentary tried to restore the original form Greek text by mean of large number of conjectures mainly based on the Latin translation. His results weren't anyway satisfactory. In this volume the autonomy of the Greek abridgement is reestablished: a sample of this enterprise is offered in the new critical edition of books 12 and 13. This volume offers a comprehensive study of the manuscript tradition of the Commentary on Matthew (cap. 5) and takes into consideration the general process of reduction undergone by Origen's sometimes verbose production.
- Published
- 2023
23. Secular Canons in Medieval Europe : Diversity Under Common Canon Law
- Author
-
Sigrun Høgetveit Berg, Arnold Otto, Sigrun Høgetveit Berg, and Arnold Otto
- Subjects
- Canons, Cathedral, collegiate, etc.--Europe--History--To 1500
- Abstract
While both regular canons and monasticism with its development into different orders have reached a roughly even level of coverage in research, the history of secular canons is a field which has hitherto been far less in focus of historian scholarship. This might be due to the fact that they did not form orders or congregations offering a systematic approach to their institutions. Hence the pieces of research carried out so far mostly deal with a single cathedral or collegiate chapter and do not expand on the phenomenon in general. Likewise, the present publication may not give a comprehensive survey but yet takes a comparative approach by regarding the establishment of secular canons in a European longitudinal section from the Polar Circle to Southern Italy. In this course, both cathedral and collegiate chapters in Scandinavian, German, Polish and Italian territories and the respective career paths canons took into them will be considered. In this course, the essays take only some brief recourses to the early middle ages, when canons maintained a cloistered vita communis, but rather turn their view to those centuries in the high and later middle ages up to reformation times, when the chapters reached their full implementation. The essays collected in this volume base on a session series held at the International Medieval Congress 2018 in Leeds. The contributors are renowned historians in this field: Antonio Antonetti (Caserta), Anna Minara Ciardi (Stockholm), Emanuele Curzel (Trento), Sigrun Høgetveit Berg (Tromsø), Jochen Johrendt (Wuppertal), Anna Kowalska-Pietrzak (Łódź), Arnold Otto (Nürnberg), Kirsi Salonen (Turku), Jörg Wunschhofer (Beckum).
- Published
- 2023
24. An Ontological Freedom : The Origins of the Notion in Gregory of Nyssa and Its Influence Unto the Italian Renaissance
- Author
-
Francisco Bastitta Harriet and Francisco Bastitta Harriet
- Subjects
- Liberty--Religious aspects--Christianity--History
- Abstract
This book explores the invention, significance and actual history of self-creative freedom from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance.Gregory of Nyssa, the great Cappadocian Father of the IV century, is not as yet deemed one of the outstanding figures in our Histories of Philosophy. However, this monograph argues that his remarkable theories of freedom transcend his own time and, traversing centuries of Medieval and Byzantine history, they become one of the core theoretical inspirations for the anthropological revolution of the Quattrocento, as evinced in eminent philosophers such as Nicholas of Cusa and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. Our research methodology integrates a thorough study of the Greek and Latin sources ‒ resorting to Philology, Palaeography and Codicology ‒ with a systematic historical and philosophical analysis of different theories and argumentative strategies.
- Published
- 2023
25. A Storm of Images : Iconoclasm and Religious Reformation in the Byzantine World
- Author
-
Philip Jenkins and Philip Jenkins
- Subjects
- Icons, Byzantine, Iconoclasm--Byzantine Empire
- Abstract
In the eighth century, the Byzantine Empire began a campaign to remove or suppress sacred images that depicted Christ, the Virgin, or other holy figures, whether in paintings, mosaics, murals, or other media. In some cases, the campaign extended to breaking or wrecking images through what became known as iconoclasm. Over the following years, the emperors'zealous movement involved other acts that closely foreshadowed the Reformation movement that would sweep Western Europe in the sixteenth century. Like that later Reformation, iconoclasm marked an authentic revolution in religious sensibility, with all that implied for theology, culture, and visual perceptions of holiness. This was a pivotal moment in the definition of Christianity and its relationship to the material creation. It was also a time of critical encounters with the other Abrahamic religions of Judaism and Islam.With A Storm of Images, Philip Jenkins offers a compelling retelling of the saga of how the iconoclastic movement detonated ferocious controversy within the church and secular society as icon supporters challenged the image breakers. Decades of internal struggle followed, marked by rebellions and civil wars, purges and persecutions, plotting and coups d'état. After their cause triumphed, image supporters made the cult of icons ever more central to the faith of Orthodox Christianity. Iconoclasm marked a watershed in the history of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, and it contributed to Western attempts to establish new empires.The questions raised during these struggles are all the more relevant at a time when such controversy rages over public depictions of history and the removal of statues, monuments, and names associated with hated figures. As in those earlier times, debates over images serve as vehicles for authentic cultural revolutions.
- Published
- 2023
26. The Apocryphal Sunday: History and Texts From Late Antiquity
- Author
-
Uta Heil and Uta Heil
- Subjects
- Sunday--History--Sources, Apocryphal books--Criticism, interpretation, etc, Church history--Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600--Sources
- Abstract
A range of apocryphal and pseudepigraphic texts from Late Antiquity points to the importance of Sunday as a holiday for baptized Christians. First and foremost is the so-called Letter from Heaven, which has experienced a broad and long-lasting reception up to modern times, although it was also criticized as a forgery from its beginning. Unfortunately, these texts have not received sufficient attention so far.This volume presents various versions of the Letter from Heaven, as well as other texts (the pseudepigraphic Acts of the Synod of Caesarea; pseudepigraphic sermons of Eusebius of Alexandria, John Chrysostom, and Basil of Caesarea; passages from the Didascalia or Diataxis of Jesus Christ; the Second Apocryphal Apocalypse of John; the Visio Pauli; a sermon of Sophronius of Jerusalem; and the Apocalypse of Anastasia), together with a translation and commentary. An introduction tells the story of this letter and integrates it and the other texts into the cultural history of Sunday. It becomes clear that Sunday as a day of rest and a feast day was not in the foreground of the development of an ecclesiastical festival calendar for a long time, although Emperor Constantine enacted a law on holiday rest on Sunday in 321 CE. Sunday, rather, marks the end of the Christianization of time and the calendar, when Easter, Pentecost, Christmas, and martyrs'feasts were already taken for granted. The authors of these texts obviously wanted to accelerate this process, which is why an anonymous person even resorted to presenting Christ himself as the author of this letter. Here, severe punishments are threatened to all who do not observe Sunday, who work as if it were a weekday, and who skip worship. The broad tradition shows that the letter was read and distributed despite all the criticism, and was even turned into an early form of a chain letter.
- Published
- 2023
27. The Reformation As Renewal : Retrieving the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church
- Author
-
Matthew Barrett and Matthew Barrett
- Subjects
- Reformation--Causes, Protestant churches--Relations--Catholic Church
- Abstract
A holistic, eye-opening history of one of the most significant turning points in Christianity, The Reformation as Renewal demonstrates that the Reformation was at its core a renewal of evangelical catholicity.In the sixteenth century Rome charged the Reformers with novelty, as if they were heretics departing from the catholic (universal) church. But the Reformers believed they were more catholic than Rome. Distinguishing themselves from Radicals, the Reformers were convinced they were retrieving the faith of the church fathers and the best of the medieval Scholastics. The Reformers saw themselves as faithful stewards of the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church preserved across history, and they insisted on a restoration of true worship in their own day.By listening to the Reformers'own voices, The Reformation as Renewal helps readers explore:The Reformation's roots in patristic and medieval thought and its response to late medieval innovations.Key philosophical and theological differences between Scholasticism in the High Middle Ages and deviations in the Late Middle Ages.The many ways sixteenth and seventeenth century Protestant Scholastics critically appropriated Thomas Aquinas.The Reformation's response to the charge of novelty by an appeal to the Augustinian tradition.Common caricatures that charge the Reformation with schism or assume the Reformation was the gateway to secularism.The spread of Reformation catholicity across Europe, as seen in first and second-generation leaders from Luther and Melanchthon in Wittenberg to Zwingli and Bullinger in Zurich to Bucer and Calvin in Strasbourg and Geneva to Tyndale, Cranmer, and Jewel in England, and many others.The theology of the Reformers, with special attention on their writings defending the catholicity of the Reformation. This balanced, insightful, and accessible treatment of the Reformation will help readers see this watershed moment in the history of Christianity with fresh eyes and appreciate the unity they have with the church across time. Readers will discover that the Reformation was not a new invention, but the renewal of something very old.
- Published
- 2023
28. Spanish Cathedral Music in the Golden Age
- Author
-
Robert Stevenson and Robert Stevenson
- Abstract
29. Rethinking the Carolingian Reforms
- Author
-
Arthur Westwell, Ingrid Rembold, Carine van Rhijn, Arthur Westwell, Ingrid Rembold, and Carine van Rhijn
- Subjects
- Carolingians
- Abstract
The Carolingian period (c. 750-900) has traditionally been described as one of ‘reform'or ‘renaissance', where cultural and intellectual changes were imposed from above in a programme of correctio. This view leans heavily on prescriptive texts issued by kings and their entourages, foregrounding royal initiative and the cultural products of a small intellectual elite. However, attention to understudied texts and manuscripts of the period reveals a vibrant striving for moral improvement and positive change at all levels of society. This expressed itself in a variety of ways for different individuals and communities, whose personal relationships could be just as influential as top-down prescription. The often anonymous creators and copyists in a huge range of centres emerge as active participants in shaping and re-shaping the ideals of their world. A much more dynamic picture of Carolingian culture emerges when we widen our perspective to include sources from beyond royal circles and intellectual elites. This book reveals that the Carolingian age did not witness a coherent programme of reform, nor one distinct to this period and dependent exclusively on the strength of royal power. Rather, it formed a particularly intense, well-funded and creative chapter in the much longer history of moral improvement for the sake of collective salvation.
- Published
- 2023
30. Treatise on Relics : A Theological Discourse
- Author
-
John Calvin and John Calvin
- Abstract
Treatise on Relics is a theological book written in 1543 by John Calvin, about the authenticity of many Christian relics. Calvin harshly criticizes the relics'authenticity, and suggests the rejection of relic worship. He described relics from 12 cities in Germany, three cities in Spain, 15 cities in Italy, and 30-40 cities in France. He asserted that fake relics had been traded since Augustine's lifetime, and had increased as the world inevitably became more corrupt. Calvin published his Treatise on Relics as part of the Reformation, and Protestants abandoned the veneration of relics. The book was published in Geneva, and was included in the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.
- Published
- 2023
31. Luther, Melanchthon, Bucer und die reformierte Reformation : Ausgewählte Studien
- Author
-
Christoph Strohm and Christoph Strohm
- Abstract
Der Gegensatz von lutherischem und reformiertem Protestantismus ist tief im kulturellen Gedächtnis verankert. Im 16. Jahrhundert waren die Übergänge jedoch viel fließender, als es die späteren Konfessionsbildungen nahelegen. Dafür stehen Namen wie Melanchthon, Bucer und auch der junge Calvin. Christoph Strohm zeigt, dass die innerreformatorische Pluralität noch deutlicher wird, wenn man die weniger bekannten Theologen des frühen Reformiertentums wie zum Beispiel Zwinglis Nachfolger Bullinger in den Blick nimmt. Sie setzten eigene, originelle Akzente. Auch wenn es später zu heftigen Abgrenzungen wie im Falle der radikalen Reformation kam, gab es einen ursprünglichen Zusammenhang. So ist am klassischen Reformationsbegriff festzuhalten. Es dient nicht der Klarheit, den Begriff'Reformation'für alle möglichen Reformbemühungen in den Jahrhunderten zwischen 1500 und 1700 zu verwenden.
- Published
- 2023
32. The Oxford Handbook of the Latin Bible
- Author
-
H. A. G. Houghton and H. A. G. Houghton
- Abstract
The Latin Bible stands at the heart of Western culture. For almost fifteen hundred years, it was the principal source for scholars, philosophers, and theologians to reflect on the ideas and narratives which shaped society in Europe and beyond. It continues to feature in Christian liturgy, music, and art, and has influenced both Latin and vernacular language and literature. Manuscripts of the Latin Bible showcase the artistic and technical achievements of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and it was the first book to be produced with Gutenberg's printing press. Biblical interpretation played a central role in education, from sermons in antiquity to medieval schools and the development of the university. The Oxford Handbook of the Latin Bible contains thirty-one chapters covering the history of the Latin Bible from its earliest translations (the Vetus Latina), the revisions by Jerome and others leading to the Vulgate, the achievements and innovations of the Carolingian period and Middle Ages, the development of modern scholarship, and the twentieth-century innovation of the Nova Vulgata. It includes discussions of key figures and interpreters, the most important manuscripts, and the significance of the Latin Bible in multiple fields. The international team of contributors includes many of the world's leading authorities, along with representatives of a new generation of researchers developing new approaches and insights into this rich and diverse material. Each chapter introduces the current state of scholarship, with extensive references to key literature and electronic resources. This volume provides a unique overview of one of the world's most important books.
- Published
- 2023
33. Marius Victorinus als christlicher Philosoph : Die trinitätstheologischen Schriften des Gaius Marius Victorinus und ihre philosophie-, kirchen- und theologiegeschichtlichen Kontexte
- Author
-
Florian Zacher and Florian Zacher
- Subjects
- Trinity--History of doctrines, Christian philosophy--History, Church history--Primitive and early church, ca
- Abstract
Die Arbeit untersucht die Hinwendung des römischen Rhetorikprofessors und Philosophen Marius Victorinus zum Christentum und seine trinitätstheologischen Schriften. Ein erster Teil widmet sich Voruntersuchungen zum Leben und zur Bekehrung des Victorinus, zur Datierung, zur historischen Verortung und zum literarischen Aufbau der trinitätstheologischen Werke. In einem zweiten Teil werden die zentralen Überlegungen des Victorinus zur Trinitätslehre, zur Seelenlehre und zur Lehre von der Materie und dem menschlichen Leib systematisierend dargestellt und in ihre philosophie- und theologiegeschichtlichen Kontexte eingeordnet. Die Leistung des Marius Victorinus wird in Auseinandersetzung mit der bisherigen Forschung völlig neu bewertet. Bisher galt Victorinus im Anschluss an Pierre Hadots Untersuchungen als weitgehend isolierter Denker, seine Schriften im Wesentlichen als Übersetzungen griechischer Texte des neuplatonischen Philosophen Porphyrius. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass Victorinus als eigenständiger philosophischer Denker zu beurteilen ist, der die Probleme christlicher Theologie in Auseinandersetzung mit zeitgenössischen theologischen Entwürfen, mit exegetischen Diskussionen und mit philosophischen Konzeptionen durchdenkt und darstellt.
- Published
- 2023
34. The Emperor and the Elephant : Christians and Muslims in the Age of Charlemagne
- Author
-
Sam Ottewill-Soulsby and Sam Ottewill-Soulsby
- Subjects
- Islam--Relations--Christianity--History--To 1500, Christianity and other religions--Islam--History--To 1500
- Abstract
A new history of Christian-Muslim relations in the Carolingian period that provides a fresh account of events by drawing on Arabic as well as western sourcesIn the year 802, an elephant arrived at the court of the Emperor Charlemagne in Aachen, sent as a gift by the ʿAbbasid Caliph, Harun al-Rashid. This extraordinary moment was part of a much wider set of diplomatic relations between the Carolingian dynasty and the Islamic world, including not only the Caliphate in the east but also Umayyad al-Andalus, North Africa, the Muslim lords of Italy and a varied cast of warlords, pirates and renegades. The Emperor and the Elephant offers a new account of these relations. By drawing on Arabic sources that help explain how and why Muslim rulers engaged with Charlemagne and his family, Sam Ottewill-Soulsby provides a fresh perspective on a subject that has until now been dominated by and seen through western sources.The Emperor and the Elephant demonstrates the fundamental importance of these diplomatic relations to everyone involved. Charlemagne and Harun al-Rashid's imperial ambitions at home were shaped by their dealings abroad. Populated by canny border lords who lived in multiple worlds, the long and shifting frontier between al-Andalus and the Franks presented both powers with opportunities and dangers, which their diplomats sought to manage.Tracking the movement of envoys and messengers across the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean and beyond, and the complex ideas that lay behind them, this book examines the ways in which Christians and Muslims could make common cause in an age of faith.
- Published
- 2023
35. Du combat pour la 'juste foi' au péché politique : Pour une histoire du Synodikon de l'Orthodoxie
- Author
-
Radu G. Păun, Ivan Alexandrov Biliarsky, Radu G. Păun, and Ivan Alexandrov Biliarsky
- Abstract
Als bedeutendes Manifest des Sieges über den Ikonoklasmus (843) entstanden, erlaubt es das Synodikon der Orthodoxie, die Entwicklung der orthodoxen Lehre im Laufe der Jahrhunderte nachzuvollziehen. Der vorliegende Band betrachtet das Synodikon als lebendigen Text, der sowohl Gegenstand als auch Arena von Erinnerungskämpfen war, die zugleich von kirchlichen und monarchischen Machtinstanzen ausgetragen wurden. In einem ersten Schritt werden die Beziehungen zwischen den verschiedenen Texttraditionen sowie zwischen Text und Ritual, ferner die Herausforderungen des liturgischen Gedenkens und schließlich die Art und Weise untersucht, wie „richtiger Glaube“ und „Sünde“ periodisch neu definiert und als politische Argumente im neugriechischen, südslawischen und moskowitischen Kontext jeweils eingesetzt wurden. Der zweite Teil zeichnet die Geschichte der einzigen bekannten rumänischen Fassung des Synodikon (Triôdion, Buzău, 1700) nach und analysiert die politischen Rahmenbedingungen, die das liturgische Korpus in rumänischer Sprache gestaltet haben. So wurde das Synodikon in den Gottesdienst eingeführt, um die antikatholische und anticalvinistische Politik des walachischen Prinzen Constantin Brâncoveanu (1688–1714) und des Patriarchen Dositheos II. von Jerusalem (1669–1707) zu unterstützen; es kam außer Gebrauch, als die Initiativen der kirchlichen Autoritäten von weltlicher Seite keine Unterstützung mehr fanden. Auch wenn die Erinnerung an den Text fortbestand, konnte er seinen liturgischen Stellenwert nie wiedererlangen. Neben der kritischen Edition des rumänischen Texts des Synodikon der Orthodoxie und des vom Ökumenischen Patriarchen Method I. verfassten Kanons bietet der Band ein prosopographisches Lexikon sowie die Reproduktion des slawischen Prototyps des rumänischen Synodikon (Triôdion, Lviv, 1664).
- Published
- 2022
36. The Muratorian Fragment : Text, Translation, Commentary
- Author
-
Clare K. Rothschild and Clare K. Rothschild
- Abstract
This volume offers an introduction, critical edition, and fresh English translation of the Muratorian Fragment. In addition to addressing questions of authorship, date, provenance, and sources, Clare K. Rothschild carefully analyzes the text's language, composition, genre, and possible functions with reference to a breathtaking range of scholarly positions and findings from the eighteenth century to the present. She also investigates its position within the eclectic eighth-century Muratorian Codex (Ambr. I 101 sup.). A line-by-line philological commentary draws attention to literary, philosophical, and religious aspects of the individual traditions represented. This study should be of interest to scholars of the New Testament and early Christian literature, as well as experts on the emergence of the canon and historians of the Latin Medieval West.
- Published
- 2022
37. The Ashburnham Pentateuch and its Contexts : The Trinity in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
- Author
-
Jennifer Awes Freeman and Jennifer Awes Freeman
- Subjects
- Trinity--Art, Illumination of books and manuscripts, Medieval--Italy
- Abstract
A fresh interpretation of an enigmatic illumination and its contexts.The Ashburnham Pentateuch is an early medieval manuscript of uncertain provenance, which has puzzled and intrigued scholars since the nineteenth century. Its first image, which depicts the Genesis creation narrative, is itself a site of mystery; originally, it presented the Trinity as three men in various vignettes, but in the early ninth century, by which time the manuscript had come to the monastery at Tours, most of the figures were obscured by paint, leaving behind a single creator. In this sense, the manuscript serves as a kind of hinge between the late antique and early medieval periods. Why was the Ashburnham Pentateuch's anthropomorphic image of the Trinity acceptable in the sixth century, but not in the ninth?This study examines the theological, political, and iconographic contexts of the production and later modification of the Ashburnham Pentateuch's creation image. The discussion focuses on materiality, the oft-contested relationship between image and word, and iconoclastic acts as'embodied responses'. Ultimately, this book argues that the Carolingian-era reception and modification of the creation image is consistent with contemporaneous iconography, a concern for maintaining the absolute unity of the Trinity, as well as Carolingian image theory following the Byzantine iconoclastic controversy. Tracing the changes in Trinitarian theology and theories of the image offers us a better understanding of the mutual influences between art, theology, and politics during Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages.
- Published
- 2022
38. Art in Dispute : Catholic Debates at the Time of Trent. With an Edition and Translation of Key Documents
- Author
-
Wietse de Boer and Wietse de Boer
- Subjects
- Idols and images--Europe--History of doctrines--16th century, Christianity and art--Catholic Church--History--16th century, Christian saints--Cult--History of doctrines--16th century
- Abstract
The Catholic Church answered Reformation-era contestations of the cult of images in a famous decree of the Council of Trent (1563). Art in Dispute revisits this response by focusing on its antecedents rather than its consequences. The mid-sixteenth century saw, besides new scholarship on Byzantine doctrines, heated debates about neo-scholastic interpretations. Disagreement, suppressed at Trent but re-emerging soon afterwards, centered on the question whether religious images were solely signs referring to holy subjects or also sacred objects in their own right. It was a debate with major implications for art theory and devotional practice. The volume contains editions and translations of texts by Martín Pérez de Ayala, Matthieu Ory, Jean Calvin, Ambrogio Catarino Politi, and Iacopo Nacchianti, along with a previously unknown draft of the Tridentine decree.
- Published
- 2022
39. Jesus in Geschichte, Erzählung und Idee : Perspektiven der Jesusrezeption in der Bibelwissenschaft der Aufklärung, der Romantik und des Idealismus
- Author
-
Eckart David Schmidt and Eckart David Schmidt
- Abstract
Eckart David Schmidt untersucht die Jesusforschung von ca. 1770 bis 1840 unter den Einflüssen der zeitgenössischen Geschichtstheorie, Romantheorie und Philosophie. Dafür nimmt er drei der für diese Zeit maßgeblichen Kulturfaktoren in den Blick: die Aufklärung, die Romantik und den Idealismus. Zahlreiche Facetten der Jesusforschung dieser Epochen können so neu und vertieft verstanden werden: So stand z.B. hinter dem Prominentwerden der Frage nach dem'historischen Jesus'im späten 18. Jh. die fast gleichzeitige Entwicklung eines neuen, aufgeklärten Geschichtsbegriffs. Die Fortschritte der neutestamentlichen Text- und Quellenkritik führten erst einmal zu Jesusromanen, die wiederum die veränderte bürgerliche Lesekultur der Jahrhundertwende voraussetzten. Und die Spruchsammlung Q aus den 1830er Jahren sollte helfen, Jesus als spätidealistische Modellfigur des freien Menschengeistes zu verstehen.
- Published
- 2022
40. The Reception of John Chrysostom in Early Modern Europe : Translating and Reading a Greek Church Father From 1417 to 1624
- Author
-
Sam Kennerley and Sam Kennerley
- Subjects
- Theology, Doctrinal--Europe--History--Middle Ages, 600-1500, Theology, Doctrinal--Europe--History--16th century
- Abstract
The Reception of John Chrysostom in Early Modern Europe explores when, how, why, and by whom one of the most influential Fathers of the Greek Church was translated and read during a particularly significant period in the reception of his works. This was the period between the first Neo-Latin translation of Chrysostom in 1417 and the final volume of Fronton du Duc's Greek-Latin edition in 1624, years in which readers and translators from Renaissance Italy, the Byzantine Empire, and the Basel, Paris, and Rome of a newly-confessionalised Europe found in Chrysostom everything from a guide to Latin oratory, to a model interpreter of Paul. By drawing on evidence that ranges from Greek manuscripts to conciliar acts, this book contextualises the hundreds of translations and editions of Chrysostom that were produced in Europe between 1417 and 1624, while demonstrating the lasting impact of these works on scholarship about this Church Father today.
- Published
- 2022
41. 'Exploring Finitude' : Weakness and Integrity in Isaac of Nineveh
- Author
-
Duca, V. and Duca, V.
- Subjects
- Finite, The, Suffering
- Abstract
This book is the first exploration of an essential theme in the thought of the 7th c. East-Syriac solitary and mystic Isaac of Nineveh, that of creatural'weakness'(mihiluta), a term which, in Isaac, alludes to the ontological condition of exposure to limitation and suffering that characterizes all humans. Based on the analysis of Isaac's edited and unedited writings in the original Syriac, the book sheds light on his understanding of creatural vulnerability and the phenomenology of the relationship with vulnerability that he outlines, with references to the authors who influenced him (Evagrius, the Syriac Pseudo-Macarian corpus, and others). The reader is thus introduced to Isaac's view of human finitude which, if experienced and'inhabited', can be taken on by the subject and disclose an experience of integrity. The solitary life, in this perspective, involves entering the mystery of suffering that marks every creatural life.
- Published
- 2022
42. Ehen mit Hindernissen : Verwandtschaft, Recht und genealogisches Erinnern im Florenz der Renaissance
- Author
-
Jasmin Hauck and Jasmin Hauck
- Subjects
- Impediments to marriage (Canon law), Marriage (Canon law)--Dispensations, Marriage--Italy--Florence--History--15th century, Marriage--Italy--Florence--History--16th century
- Abstract
In der vorliegenden Studie widmet sich Jasmin Hauck Gesuchen um Dispense von Ehehindernissen aus der Erzdiözese Florenz (ca. 1455-1540), die mehrheitlich Fälle von zu naher Verwandtschaft betrafen. Erstmals untersucht die Autorin hierbei ein regionales Korpus dieser speziellen päpstlich delegierten Verfahren für die vortridentinische Zeit auf breiter lokaler und römisch-zentraler Quellenbasis in monographischer Breite. Dabei beleuchtet sie die einzelnen Stationen des Verfahrens und seine Akteure multiperspektivisch, nimmt Norm, Doktrin und Praxis zugleich in den Blick, verquickt quantitative und qualitative Analyseebene und wählt zuletzt einen interdisziplinären Zugang, der von rechtsgeschichtlichen bis hin zu historisch-anthropologischen Fragen und Methoden reicht. So erweist sich das Verfahren zur Exekution von Ehedispensen als Feld konkurrierender sozialer und rechtlicher Normen, das neben dem römisch-kanonischen Prozessrecht von lokalem Recht und Vorstellungen von Geschlecht und Verwandtschaft, wie der agnatischen Prägung des familiären Bewusstseins, geprägt wird.
- Published
- 2022
43. Trust in the Catholic Reformation : Genoa 1594–1664
- Author
-
Thérèse Peeters and Thérèse Peeters
- Subjects
- Counter-Reformation--Italy--Genoa
- Abstract
In Trust in the Catholic Reformation, Thérèse Peeters shows how trust and distrust affected reform attempts in the post-Tridentine Church, while offering a multifaceted account of day-to-day religiosity in seventeenth-century Genoa, a city that has largely been overlooked in Anglophone scholarship. The book addresses diverse aspects of early modern Catholicism among lay people and members of the clergy. The author replaces the traditional view of the Catholic Reformation as a top-down process with one that considers individual agency, highlighting how strategies for gaining and maintaining trust – as well as the processes by which trust could be lost or denied – determined the success or failure of various efforts at reforming the Church.
- Published
- 2022
44. Neue Texte und Studien zu den antiken und frühmittelalterlichen Glaubensbekenntnissen III
- Author
-
Wolfram Kinzig and Wolfram Kinzig
- Subjects
- Creeds--Comparative studies, Creeds--History and criticism
- Abstract
Die Forschung zu den antiken und mittelalterlichen Glaubensbekenntnissen entwickelt sich derzeit in atemberaubendem Tempo. Dieser dritte Band der „Neuen Texte und Studien'des Verfassers enthält eine Reihe von Quelleneditionen und Studien zum altkirchlichen Glaubensbekenntnis, die in den letzten Jahren an teilweise entlegenen Orten publiziert wurden. Sie werden ergänzt durch bisher unpublizierte Aufsätze, die sich dem Ursprung und der Entwicklung des Apostolischen Glaubensbekenntnisses widmen. Der betrachtete Zeitraum erstreckt sich von der Antike bis ins Frühmittelalter. Zu den neu abgedruckten Quellentexten zählen eine Predigt zum Apostolikum, die Verpflichtungserklärungen der getauften Juden von Toledo von 637 und 654 sowie zwei unlängst entdeckte Predigten des Nestorios. Auch dem Zusammenhang zwischen Religion und Politik sowie der Rezeptionsgeschichte der altkirchlichen Bekenntnisse sind Beiträge gewidmet. Dadurch wird unser traditionelles Verständnis der Glaubensbekenntnisse um ganz neue Aspekte bereichert und so grundlegend revidiert.
- Published
- 2022
45. To Sanctify the World : The Vital Legacy of Vatican II
- Author
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George Weigel and George Weigel
- Subjects
- Vatican Council (2nd : 1962-1965 : Basilica di San, Catholic Church--Doctrines
- Abstract
A leading Catholic intellectual explains why the teachings of the Second Vatican Council are essential to the Church's future—and the world'sThe Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) was the most important Catholic event in the past five hundred years. Yet sixty years after its opening on October 11, 1962, its meaning remains sharply contested and its promise unfulfilled.In To Sanctify the World, George Weigel explains the necessity of Vatican II and explores the continuing relevance of its teaching in a world seeking a deeper experience of freedom than personal willfulness. The Council's texts are also a critical resource for the Catholic Church as it lives out its original, Christ-centered evangelical purpose.Written with insight and verve, To Sanctify the World recovers the true meaning of Vatican II as the template for a Catholicism that can propose a path toward genuine human dignity and social solidarity.
- Published
- 2022
46. Kirche in der Krise : Zum Streit um die Christologie im 7. Jahrhundert
- Author
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Heinz Ohme and Heinz Ohme
- Abstract
Im 7. Jh. geriet die Kirche in eine tiefe Krise der Theologie und der kirchlichen Autoritäten mit einer Vielzahl von Synoden, Anathematismen, staatlichen Prozessen und Schismen. Auslöser war der letztmalige Versuch einer Wiederherstellung kirchlicher Einheit mit den Gegnern der christologischen Entscheidung der Synode von Chalcedon (451). Eine innerkirchliche Opposition mit dem Mönch und Jahrhunderttheologen Maximus Confessor (†662) als Wortführer stellte sich dem entgegen. Umstritten war die theologische Beschreibung des Verhältnisses von Menschlichem und Göttlichem im Werk, Willen und Wollen Jesu Christi. Die 15 Beiträge dieses Bandes zu zentralen Ereignissen und Themen der Kontroverse unterziehen die erhaltenen Quellen einer kritischen Analyse. Sie erheben die Motive und Strukturen des Streites, überprüfen die Darstellung der Ereignisse, beleuchten Selbstverständnis und Intention der Hauptprotagonisten und fragen schließlich nach der Berechtigung der radikalen Verwerfungen und deren synodaler Fixierungen. Es werden neue Antworten auf die Frage geboten, warum es zwischen den Anhängern der Synode von Chalcedon zu keiner Einigung kam. Wichtige Quellen werden erstmals in deutscher Übersetzung geboten.
- Published
- 2022
47. Mystik unterwegs : 'Theologia mystica' und 'revelationes' in kartausischen Handen
- Author
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M. Abram, S. Bernhardt, G. Fournier, B. J. Nemes, M. Abram, S. Bernhardt, G. Fournier, and B. J. Nemes
- Subjects
- Mysticism--History--Middle Ages, 600-1500
- Abstract
Die Beitrage des vorliegenden Bandes eint das Interesse am Thema'Kartauser und Mystik', das exemplarisch und vor einem breiten europaischen Horizont behandelt wird. Sie alle verbindet ein dezidiert historischer Zugang zum gewahlten Thema, der mit einer Fokussierung auf diejenigen kartausischen Kontexte einhergeht, die sich als Knotenpunkte der Produktion, Rezeption und Distribution von mystischen Texten erwiesen haben. Gemeinsam ist ihnen ausserdem die Frage, wie sich mystische Interessenschwerpunkte in einzelnen Kartausen bzw. bei einzelnen Kartausern herausbilden und beschreiben lassen, wobei der zeitliche Schwerpunkt - sieht man von je einem Abstecher ins Hochmittelalter und in die Neuzeit einmal ab - auf dem Spatmittelalter liegt. Nachgezeichnet wird demnach, wie Mystik im Kartauserorden'unterwegs'war. Doch nicht nur das: Mehrere Beitrage sind selbst unterwegs zu einer Definition von Mystik, jedenfalls reflektieren sie die (forschungs-)geschichtlichen Hintergrunde des Begriffes und seinen heuristischen Nutzen fur die Konstituierung eines speziellen Corpus von Texten.
- Published
- 2022
48. Le Droit Divin - Tome 1 : Histoire spirituelle de la France
- Author
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Jacques Regralle, Author Broquère, Jacques Regralle, and Author Broquère
- Abstract
Le Droit Divin renvoie à l'ensemble des grâces que nous accordait Dieu, lorsque nous le priions avec dévotion et avions une structure hiérarchique de type monarchique pour nous guider, tel que nous l'avait montré le Christ, Roi du monde, depuis sa crucifixion. Ainsi, cet ouvrage offre un regard sur la spiritualité, le bien-fondé historique de cette affirmation, et les facteurs ayant favorisé la perte de ces grâces jusqu'à l'arrivée de la révolution des marchands en 1789. De plus, il cherche à élucider les raisons de notre grandeur passée, les causes actuelles de notre déliquescence morale offrant ainsi une porte de sortie par le retour aux valeurs séculaires.
- Published
- 2022
49. Testes veritatis : Studien zur transformativen Entwicklung des Wahrheitszeugenkonzeptes in der Wittenberger Reformation
- Author
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Stefan Michels and Stefan Michels
- Subjects
- Authority--Religious aspects--Christianity, Church--History of doctrines--16th century, Reformation--Early movements--Historiography--Early works to 1800, Truth--Religious aspects--Christianity
- Abstract
Von Beginn der reformatorischen Selbstvergewisserung der Wittenberger Theologen an spielt die normative Legitimation reformatorischer Theologie über den Weg des historischen Arguments eine tragende Rolle bei der Herausbildung einer evangelischen Identität. Theologische Sachdebatten, aber auch Polemik und Kontroversen führten zur theoretischen Vertiefung der historischen Bemühungen um Legitimation. Als wesentlicher Faktor dieses Vorgehens erscheint der Nachweis des Alters der eigenen Bewegung, die, je näher sie sich der Zeit Jesu und der ersten Apostel bringen lässt, nachhaltig die eigene konfessionelle Identität nach innen wie nach außen stärker zu rechtfertigen suchte. Das im Werk des Matthias Flacius Illyricus ausgefeilte Konzept der sog. evangelischen Wahrheitszeugen steht exakt im Horizont des historischen Programms der Wittenberger Reformation. Seit den Anfängen einer Idee der Legitimation über als ‚reformatorisch'verstandene Leitfiguren oder Schlüsseltexte der Theologiegeschichte im Denken Martin Luthers, erfuhr der zunächst lose und punktuelle Rückbezug auf so erkannte ‚Vorläufer'der eigenen Sache immer neue Transformationsstufen vor dem Hintergrund der je aktuellen theologischen Entwicklungen. Stefan Michels entwickelt so den Wahrheitszeugendiskurs von Luther über Philipp Melanchthon und Georg Major bis zu Matthias Flacius neben seiner historiographischen Funktion aus den Zusammenhängen und Entwicklungen der Wittenberger Theologie heraus. Dabei spannt er einen Bogen von den ersten Drucken der von Luther sog. ‚Theologia Deutsch'bis zur zweiten Auflage des Wahrheitszeugenkataloges von Matthias Flacius im Jahr 1562.
- Published
- 2022
50. Jan Hus : Faithful Witness to Truth
- Author
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Jan Blahoslav Lášek, Angelo Shaun Franklin, Jan Blahoslav Lášek, and Angelo Shaun Franklin
- Abstract
The Bohemian reformer Jan Hus made a substantial and critical contribution to the development of the medieval church, owing especially to his views and teachings on Scripture, the church, faith, conscience, and spirituality. This book offers a presentation of Hus's theological commitment centered on his understanding of truth. Lášek and Franklin explore Hus's preaching ministry and his long-drawn-out legal struggle against charges of heresy as ethical outworkings of this approach to truth. Central to this exploration is a new annotated translation of Hus's Appeal to Jesus Christ as the Supreme Judge against the pope and canon law. This document was not only a protest against papal power, but expressed a fundamentally new legal situation: in bypassing canon law, it essentially represented a personal claim to freedom of conscience. This unheard-of principle from within the medieval legal framework preceded other related ecclesiastical and legal developments by several centuries. The authors argue that Hus's appeal thus represents a momentous event in church history and European history as a whole. Due to the historical significance of his martyrdom and commemoration by many churches throughout Europe, this book demonstrates that Hus remains an important figure not only for the study of European history, but also for understanding contemporary values of Western civilization.
- Published
- 2022