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Individual Differences and Personality provides a student-friendly introduction to both classic and cutting-edge research into personality, mood, motivation and intelligence, and their applications in psychology and in fields such as health, education and sporting achievement.Including a new chapter on'toxic'personality traits, and an additional chapter on applications in real-life settings, this fourth edition has been thoroughly updated and uniquely covers the necessary psychometric methodology needed to understand modern theories. It also develops deep processing and effective learning by encouraging a critical evaluation of both older and modern theories and methodologies, including the Dark Triad, emotional intelligence and psychopathy. Gardner's and hierarchical theories of intelligence, and modern theories of mood and motivation are discussed and evaluated, and the processes which cause people to differ in personality and intelligence are explored in detail. Six chapters provide a non-mathematical grounding in psychometric principles, such as factor analysis, reliability, validity, bias, test-construction and test-use.With self-assessment questions, further reading and a companion website including student and instructor resources, this is the ideal resource for anyone taking modules on personality and individual differences.

Learn why the concept of'weird'is being reclaimed and turned into a badge of honor, used to show how being different—culturally, socially, physically, or mentally—can be a person's greatest strength.Most of us have at some point in our lives felt like an outsider, sometimes considering ourselves'too weird'to fit in. Growing up as a Russian immigrant in West Texas, Olga Khazan always felt there was something different about her. This feeling has permeated her life, and as she embarked on a science writing career, she realized there were psychological connections between this feeling of being an outsider and both her struggles and successes later in life. She decided to reach out to other people who were unique in their environments to see if they had experienced similar feelings of alienation, and if so, to learn how they overcame them. Weird is based on in-person interviews with many of these individuals, such as a woman who is professionally surrounded by men, a liberal in a conservative area, and a Muslim in a predominantly Christian town. In addition, it provides actionable insights based on interviews with dozens of experts and a review of hundreds of scientific studies.Weird explores why it is that we crave conformity, how that affects people who are different, and what they can do about it. First, the book dives into the history of social norms and why some people hew to them more strictly than others. Next, Khazan explores the causes behind-and the consequences of-social rejection. She then reveals the hidden upsides to being'weird,'as well as the strategies that people who are different might use in order to achieve success in a society that values normalcy. Finally, the book follows the trajectories of unique individuals who either decided to be among others just like them; to stay weird; or to dwell somewhere in between.Combining Khazan's own story with those of others and with fascinating takeaways from cutting-edge psychology research, Weird reveals how successful individuals learned to embrace their weirdness, using it to their advantage.

Revisiting the Classic Studies is a series of texts that introduces readers to the studies in psychology that changed the way we think about core topics in the discipline today. It provokes students to ask more interesting and challenging questions about the field by encouraging a deeper level of engagement, both with the details of the studies themselves and with the nature of their contribution. Edited by leading scholars in their field and written by researchers at the cutting edge of these developments, the chapters in each text provide details of the original works and their theoretical and empirical impact, and then discuss the ways in which thinking and research has advanced in the years since the studies were conducted. Personality and Individual Differences: Revisiting the Classic Studies traces 14 ground-breaking studies by researchers such as Hans Eysenck, Raymond Cattell, Ernest Tupes and Raymond Christal to re-examine and reflect on their findings and engage in a lively discussion of the subsequent work that they have inspired.

A leading neuroscientist explains why your personal traits are more innate than you thinkWhat makes you the way you are—and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world.We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired—differences that impact all aspects of our psychology—and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture.Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits.Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are.

The examination of personality and individual differences is a major field of research in the modern discipline of psychology. Concerned with the ways humans develop an organised set of characteristics to shape themselves and the world around them, it is a study of how people come to be ‘different′ and ‘similar′ to others, on both an individual and a cultural level. This volume focuses on the multiple origins of personality and individual differences, in chapters arranged across three thematic sections: Part 1: Biological Origins of Personality and Individual Differences Part 2: Developmental Origins of Personality and Individual Differences Part 3: Environmental Origins of Personality and Individual Differences With outstanding contributions from leading scholars across the world, this is an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students.

The examination of personality and individual differences is a major field of research in the modern discipline of psychology. Concerned with the ways humans develop an organised set of characteristics to shape themselves and the world around them, it is a study of how people come to be ‘different′ and ‘similar′ to others, on both an individual and a cultural level. This volume focuses on various contexts and applications of personality and individual differences, in chapters arranged across three thematic sections: Part 1: Health and Psychological Adjustment Part 2: Social Behavior Part 3: Personality in the Workplace With outstanding contributions from leading scholars across the world, this is an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students.

The examination of personality and individual differences is a major field of research in the modern discipline of psychology. Concerned with the ways humans develop an organised set of characteristics to shape themselves and the world around them, it is a study of how people come to be ‘different′ and ‘similar′ to others, on both an individual and a cultural level. This volume explores the scientific foundations of personality and individual differences, in chapters arranged across three thematic sections: Part 1: Theoretical Perspectives on Personality and Individual Differences Part 2: Research Strategies for Studying Personality and Individual Differences Part 3: The Measurement of Personality and Individual Differences With outstanding contributions from leading scholars across the world, this is an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students.

Robert L Whiteside, the author of the best seller FACE LANGUAGE, together with Daniel Whiteside, now gives you a scientific, but very simple, method for recognizing the basic gifts, talents and inclinations that you ALREADY OWN, HAVE ALWAYS OWNED, but have never consciously asserted in your life. These are the traits that belong to the basic person that is YOU.15 traits which have proven to show a definite relationship between your physical structure and your human functioning are outlined, analyzed and graphically illustrated with over 60 CLOSE-UP PHOTOGRAPHS. With the assistance of the Easy-TO-READ SELF-RATING INVENTORY, you will immediately identify each trait in your personal structure. You will quickly spot whether you are high or low in Tolerance by the distance between your eyes - how large your sense of the Dramatic is by the arch in you brows. You will also learn to rate yourself on many other traits including:Self-ConfidenceShowmanshipEmotionalityObjective ThinkingMoodinessExactingnessHumorMagnetismBE THE WINNING ASSERTIVE PERSON YOU WERE MEANT TO BE.

Does your family make you smarter? James R. Flynn presents an exciting new method for estimating the effects of family on a range of cognitive abilities. Rather than using twin and adoption studies, he analyses IQ tables that have been hidden in manuals over the last 65 years, and shows that family environment can confer a significant advantage or disadvantage to your level of intelligence. Wading into the nature vs. nurture debate, Flynn banishes the pessimistic notion that by the age of seventeen, people's cognitive abilities are solely determined by their genes. He argues that intelligence is also influenced by human autonomy - genetics and family notwithstanding, we all have the capacity to choose to enhance our cognitive performance. He concludes by reconciling this new understanding of individual differences with his earlier research on intergenerational trends (the'Flynn effect') culminating in a general theory of intelligence.

Od kultury'ja'do kultury'siebie'jest dyskusją z popularnym trybem badania tożsamości opartym na liniowym, synkretycznym modelu narracji. W antropologicznie zorientowanej analizie tekstów mogą okazać się użyteczne odmienne konstrukcje: na przykład te decentryczne i nieciągłe, odwołujące się do diachronii i epizodyczności. Kluczem do „innej koncepcji tożsamości” może okazać się – przybliżany w kilku odsłonach - relacyjny, „skręcony”, „zaimkowy”, niejednorodny i wielogłosowy model tożsamości określany terminem siebie. Jego zapleczem są dyskusje na temat self, selbst, soi – form tożsamości określanych zaimkiem zwrotnym – oraz na polskim gruncie koncepcje dotyczące jaźni. Praca przypomina teoretyczne ujęcia (m.in. szkoła chicagowskiego interakcjonizmu w socjologii, filozofia siebie Stanisława Brzozowskiego, troska o siebie u Michela Foucaulta) i wypróbowuje „zorientowane na tożsamość w zwrocie” dyskursy socjologiczne, psychoanalityczne, filozoficzne, posthumanistyczne i neurokognitywne. Skuteczność „narzędzi relacyjnych” testowana jest w konfrontacji z tekstami – m.in. Virginii Woolf, Waltera Benjamina, Ralpha Waldo Emersona,Michela de Montaigne, Marie de Gournay, Sei Shōnagon, Susan Sontag, Rolanda Barthesa, Marka Bieńczyka i Tadeusza Komendanta.

Is each of us the main character in a story we tell about ourselves, or is this narrative understanding of selfhood misguided and possibly harmful? Are selves and persons the same thing? And what does the possibility of sudden death mean for our ability to understand the narrative of ourselves? These questions have been much discussed both in recent philosophy and by scholars grappling with the work of the enigmatic 19th-century thinker Søren Kierkegaard. For the first time, this collection brings together figures in both contemporary philosophy and Kierkegaard studies to explore pressing issues in the philosophy of personal identity and moral psychology. It serves both to advance important ongoing discussions of selfhood and to explore the light that, 200 years after his birth, Kierkegaard is still able to shed on contemporary problems.

This is a book about excellence, more particularly about the conditions under which excellence is possible in our kind of society; but it is also—inevitably—a book about equality, about the kinds of equality that can and must be honored, and the kinds that cannot be forced.Such a book must raise some questions which Americans have shown little inclination to discuss rationally.What are the characteristic difficulties a democracy encounters in pursuing excellence? Is there a way out of these difficulties?How equal do we want to be? How equal can we be?What do we mean when we say, “Let the best man win”? Can an equalitarian society tolerate winners?Are we overproducing highly educated people? How much talent can the society absorb? Does society owe a living to talent? Does talent invariably have a chance to exhibit itself in our society?Does every young American have a “right” to a college education?Are we headed toward domination by an intellectual elite?Is it possible for a people to achieve excellence if they don't believe in anything? Have the American people lost their sense of purpose and the drive which would make it possible for them to achieve excellence?

Comment devenons-nous ce que nous sommes? Pourquoi notre personnalité diffère-t-elle de celle des autres? Quel impact a-t-elle sur notre satisfaction et nos choix de vie?Pratique et didactique, ce manuel dresse une synthèse particulièrement exhaustive des recherches menées sur la personnalité. Soulignant l'unité de la discipline de la psychologie de la personnalité, il développe tour à tour les différents domaines de recherche comme autant d'éléments susceptibles de répondre ensemble aux questions soulevées par le phénomène fondamental des variations de la personnalité.Après un rappel des concepts fondamentaux, des principes de base de mesurabilité et de la notion de trait de personnalité, l'ouvrage a choisi d'articuler son étude de la personnalité autour de grandes thématiques :- La structure de la personnalité - Le développement de la personnalité (stabilité et changements des traits de personnalité) - Les origines des variations : causes biologiques proximales (structures et substances du cerveau) et sources plus distales (gènes et influences environnementales) - La fonction des variations au cours de l'évolution et leurs conséquences sur la personnalité dans la société moderne - Les troubles de la personnalité (DSM-5) et leurs conséquences dans la vie (relations, travail, santé, etc.)Des sujets habituellement moins développés dans d'autres manuels y sont également traités, tels que :- Les habiletés mentales - Les intérêts vocationnels - La religion et les attitudes politiques - La sexualitéCe manuel de référence s'adresse à tous les étudiants et chercheurs en psychologie et autres sciences humaines intéressés de près ou de loin par les origines, les mécanismes et les conséquences des variations de personnalité.

Demonstrating that the magnitude and pattern of cardiovascular response to stress varies markedly between individuals, this work discusses the mechanisms by which the cardiovascular system is mobilized during stress, the determinants of individual differences, and the pathophysiological processes by which responses to stress may lead to cardiovascular disease. Behavioral scientists from a variety of disciplines will find the work pertinent to their research.

In Pathways to Individuality, veteran researcher and scholar Arnold Buss examines the personality traits we share with other animalsand those that set us apart from other animals, the social traits that make us distinctly human. Within those general social traits, theres much variability, as Buss explains in this new book, usually differentiated during the crucial periods of human developmentand thats what makes us individuals. Humans make up the only species that has an extended period of childhoodwe play and explore more than other animalsduring which our human traits become canalized and differentiated: Our early interactions with our social environment influence and sharpen the neural and behavioral pathways that distinguish our distinct individuality. In turn, we seek to influence those environments we are drawn to and that help shape our individuality. Drawing from his own published research over a half-century of teaching and writing on personality, Buss masterfully summarizes key theories and recent advances in the study of temperament (aggression, dominance, etc.), the self (self-conscious shyness, self-esteem, identity), and abnormal behavior and style as crucial dimensions in understanding personality and individual differences.

My Red Shirt and Me The red shirt incident begins with a rather ordinary red shirt. Not a brightly colored red shirt, not a dramatic cherry or firehouse red, more like a faded burgundy. But, for several days, my very iden­ tity was bound up in its redness. It was me, and I wore it with the pride a matador takes in his splendid cape, a hero in his medals of bravery, or a nun in her religious habit. I'll never forget the bound­ less joy I felt wearing that simple, pullover, short-sleeved red shirt in the hospital--or the rush of relief that I experienced when, at last, I decided to surrender it. However, we are getting ahead of our story, which starts a short time earlier with a most unfortunate accident. A light flurry of wet snow had begun to fall as the university limousine turned the corner on its way from the Bronx campus of New York University to the downtown campus. Although eight of us were packed into the car and had resigned ourselves to the usual boring faculty meeting awaiting us, somehow a spontaneous air of joviality was created.

People are different with respect to numerous dimensions of emotional experience. These individual differences exist at the level of both general affective traits and specific emotions. This new book presents topical research in the study of the psychology of individual differences. Topics discussed include individual differences in message framing and its association with personality and brain activity; metacomprehension accuracy; mindfulness and relationship quality; individual differences in shame, guilt and depressive symptoms; personal self-regulation and coping style and information processing and loneliness.

This accessible introductory text covers core domains of variation in individual differences: the history, philosophy and methods used in individual differences psychology, personality, intellect, affect and the self. It provides concise and focused coverage of the central concepts, research and debates in this key area, while developing students′ higher level skills. Activities help readers build the underpinning generic critical thinking and transferable skills they need to become independent learners, and to meet the requirements of their programme of study.

Personality and individual differences research is relevant to practically every facet of human existence. For instance, since theories of persons either explicitly or implicitly guide clinical work, the field contributes to discussions of understanding abnormal psychology and provides a guide for conceptualising best treatment. Additionally, the field is relevant to understanding human development across the lifespan, and our understanding of personality and individual differences impacts upon our views of socialisation and interpersonal relations. This book presents research which draws attention to the rich scientific literature that continues to emerge with respect to personality and individual differences psychology.

Colin Cooper's'Individual Differences'has been a favourite among lecturers and students of differential psychology since it was published in 1997. It is unique in its comprehensive coverage of both personality theories and the methodological issues associated with personality and psychometric testing.This new edition has been fully revised and expanded to include recent developments in the field. There is also a new chapter on Emotional Intelligence and expanded coverage of the Big 5 model of personality and positive psychology. Cooper also discusses influential new fields such as cognitive epidemiology and a new chapter on practical applications demonstrates how what has been learned can be applied to everyday life from recruitment to predicting whether psychopaths will reoffend.The accompanying website provides comprehensive support for both students and lecturers, including MCQs, sample exam questions, PowerPoint presentations, revision flashcards, interactive glossary, and revision summaries.An informative and enjoyable trip through personality and psychometrics, this book is essential reading for all students wishing to gain a broad understanding of this fascinating field.

Social identity research has transformed psychology and the social sciences. Developed around intergroup relations, perspectives on social identity have now been applied fruitfully to a diverse array of topics and domains, including health, organizations and management, culture, politics and group dynamics. In many of these new areas, the focus has been on groups, but also very much on the autonomous individual. This has been an exciting development, and has prompted a rethinking of the relationship between personal identity and social identity - the issue of individuality in the group. This book brings together an international selection of prominent researchers at the forefront of this development. They reflect on this issue of individuality in the group, and on how thinking about social identity has changed. Together, these chapters chart a key development in the field: how social identity perspectives inform understanding of cohesion, unity and collective action, but also how they help us understand individuality, agency, autonomy, disagreement, and diversity within groups. This text is valuable to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying social psychology where intergroup relations and group processes are a central component. Given its wider reach, however, it will also be of interest to those in cognate disciplines where social identity perspectives have application potential.

'James Lamiell is a creative, sophisticated, and careful thinker, one whose ideas are deserving of broad attention….The book should be of interest to scholars and practitioners, along with advanced graduate students.'--Kenneth J. Gergen, Swarthmore College Beyond Individual and Group Differences: Human Individuality, Scientific Psychology, and William Stern′s Critical Personalism examines the history of psychology′s effort to come to terms with human individuality, from the time of Wundt to present day. With a primary emphasis on the contributions of German psychologist William Stern, this book generates a wider appreciation for Stern′s perspective on human individuality and for the proper place of personalitic thinking within scientific psychology. The author presents an alternative approach to the logical positivism that permeates traditional psychological thought and methodology making this an innovative, ground-breaking work. Feature and Benefits: Provides book-length treatment of the concept of human individuality in twentieth century scientific psychology, highlighting the historical contributions made by the German psychologist and philosopher William Stern (1871-1938). Critically appraises contemporary thinking about personality in light of historical and methodological considerations. Challenges readers to rethink the problem of human individuality with research that mounts a direct empirical challenge to the long-standing belief that it is meaningless to characterize individuals without comparing them with one another. Concludes with a general discussion of the potential of personalistic thinking both as a foundation for personality theory and as a framework for social thought. Beyond Individual and Group Differences is a dynamic book for academics and scholars in the areas of personality psychology, individual differences, and the history of psychology.

The founder of the Diamond Approach guides readers through the difficult process of understanding and accepting our true identity We live in a world of mystery, wonder, and beauty. But most of us seldom participate in this real world, being focused rather on the part that is mostly strife, suffering, or meaninglessness. This situation is basically due to our not realizing and living our full human potential. This potential can be actualized by the realization and development of the human essence. The human essence is the part of us that is innate and real, and which can participate in the real world.In this third installment of the Diamond Heart series, A. H. Almaas guides and orients individuals who are engaged in doing the difficult work of realization. It is a transcription of talks given by the author in both California and Colorado.

In this, his fourth book published by Academic Press, the author pursues current theories in the expansive field of personality research. Presenting a unique perspective on recent developments in the field, the emphasis is on empirical research. Topics discussed include stability and change in traits, the behavior genetics of traits, a review and defense of trait theory, and a comprehensive review of research on the unconscious.