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Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 It's not an art because it can be taught. It's a science. Ethan: A science that teaches you how to do it. I'll admit, I'm partial. I love it when things are broken down into simple steps that make sense. I'm a scientist at heart, and social skills training is a science to me. The evidence-based approach to teaching conversational skills is actually quite straightforward. 1,2 The key ingredients are getting the learner to focus on the target behavior and providing practice in this behavior. This means breaking down complex conversations into manageable chunks and having the learner practice each step of the conversation until it becomes automatic. The process involves breaking down conversations into chunks (e. g., introducing yourself, asking a question, making a statement, posing a yes/no question). The chunks can be as short as one or two sentences or as long as a full exchange of information (e., Hi, my name is ___________, and this is ___________. Is ___________ there.). The chunks should be practiced until the learner can do them smoothly and automatically (e. #2 The key to teaching your child social skills is breaking down complex conversations into manageable chunks and having them practice each step of the conversation until it becomes automatic. #3 To teach social skills, break down complex conversations into manageable chunks and have the learner practice each step of the conversation until it becomes automatic. #4 The key to teaching your child social skills is breaking down complex conversations into manageable chunks and having them practice each step of the conversation until it becomes automatic.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This Open Access book investigates European citizenship after Brexit, in light of the functionalist theory of citizenship. No matter its shape, Brexit will impact significantly on what has been labelled as one of the major achievements of EU integration: Citizenship of the Union. For the first time an automatic and collective lapse of status is observed. It is a form of involuntary loss of citizenship en masse, imposed by the automatic workings of the law on EU citizens of exclusively British nationality. It does not however create statelessness and it is likely to be tolerated under international law. This loss of citizenship is connected to a reduction of rights, affecting not solely the former Union citizens but also second country nationals in the United Kingdom and their family members. The status of European citizenship and connected rights are first presented. Chapter Two focuses on the legal uncertainty that afflicts second country nationals in the United Kingdom as well as British citizens, turning from expats to post-European third country nationals. Chapter Three describes the functionalist theory and delineates three ways in which it applies to Brexit. These three directions of inquiry are developed in the following chapters. Chapter Four focuses on the intension of Union citizenship: Which rights can be frozen? Chapter Five determines the extension of Union citizenship: Who gets to withdraw the status? The key finding is that while Member states are in principle free to revoke the status of Union citizen, former Member states are not unbounded in stripping Union citizens of their acquired territorial rights. Conclusions are drawn and policy-suggestions summed up in the final chapter.

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 The modern state depends on the permanent machinery, which can follow and control the activities of lesser organizations and individuals. The growth of modern state bureaucracies has two implications that are crucial for the feasibility of the coup: the emergence of clear distinctions between the permanent machinery of state and the political leadership, and the fact that state bureaucracies have structured hierarchies with definite chains of command. #2 The state is a machine that functions in a fairly predictable and automatic manner. The coup takes advantage of this behavior both during and after the takeover, during the coup because it uses parts of the state apparatus to seize the controlling levers over the rest, and afterward because the value of the levers depends on the degree to which the state really functions as a machine. #3 The life span of regimes has decreased while the life span of their subjects has increased. People have become less attached to the system of constitutional monarchy in the nineteenth century, and have instead gone over to Germany to shop around for a suitable royal family. #4 The term revolution has gained popularity, and many coups are labeled as such because it implies that it was the people rather than a few plotters who did the whole thing.

An extensive investigation of the rally-round-the-flag phenomenon of public opinion in the United States during wars and security crises. The'rally-round-the-flag'phenomenon in the United States is characterized by a sudden and sharp increase in the public approval rating of the sitting US president in response to a war or security crisis. While relatively uncommon, these moments can have a serious impact on policymaking as politicians might escalate a conflict abroad or restrict civil liberties at home. What, then, are the conditions and processes through which rallies have emerged? In Rally'round the Flag, Yuval Feinstein revisits the phenomenon to answer this question. He examines both the conditions under which rally periods have emerged in the US and the processes that have generated these rallies to introduce a novel rally theory. Drawing on an original data set of conflicts covering 1950 to 2020 and survey data, Feinstein shows that the rally-round-the-flag effect is not an automatic public reaction to international conflicts. Rather, it is a rare event that emerges only under circumstances that lead most Americans to believe it is necessary to take military action to maintain or restore collective honor and gain the respect of other nations. He further attributes public opinion shifts during rally periods to nationalist emotions that people experience when they believe that the president's actions effectively protect the nation's honor and international prestige. Identifying the unique sets of conditions for the emergence of rallies, Rally'round the Flag offers the most extensive investigation of this public opinion phenomenon and proposes future directions to research the topic for both the United States and other countries.

Parliamentary government is generally taken to mean party government. Party cohesion and discipline are usually seen as central to the maintenance of parliamentary democracy. This overlap, between disciplined parties on the one hand and parliamentary government on the other, is often seen as so complete and so automatic that the question of party discipline is pushed to the sidelines and rarely studied. Yet, if individual legislators remain an undisciplined mob, parliaments could easily become unruly and anarchical. How and why party discipline arises and is maintained are thus central questions of importance in legislative, and especially parliamentary, studies. Our knowledge of these topics, however, suffers from substantial gaps, especially with regard to the practice of party cohesion outside the relatively familiar Anglo-American setting. This book marks a step toward filling some of those gaps. The collection of essays presented here provides theoretical background and comparative studies of legislatures in a wide range of settings. Well-developed democracies such as Britain, Finland, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland are covered, as are the more recent democracies of Spain and Hungary, and the unique case of the transnational European Parliament.

This book explores the basic dynamics that shaped the Cyprus problem, with a focus on recent decades. The author deals with the periods, nodal points and fields that produced the conditions for the normalisation of partition and also presents the Cyprus problem as viewed from the outside. The chapters approach Cyprus'division in light of power relations in society, the interaction between the political elite and society, and discuss the political and ideological dynamics as manifested in the public sphere. While analysing primarily the Greek Cypriot community, the book also refers to parallel developments in the Turkish Cypriot and international communities, arguing that the normalisation of Cyprus'partition is rooted in the political economy and political culture of Greek Cypriots. At the same time, from the perspective of the peace and reunification movement, this is an inherently contradictory and potentially unstable process that can be overturned.‘Α remarkably thorough study focusing on nationalist narratives, political and media discourses and socio-economic structures in Cyprus and their impact on the formation and transformation of political identities since the 1950s. Unlike many other books on the issue, Ioannou analyses social and political developments in both the Greek-Cypriot and the Turkish-Cypriot communities. This approach sheds light on the internal reasons of the perpetuation of the island's division, which the geopolitical and international relations approaches alone miss to grasp. Combining the analytical skills of a political scientist and his personal experience as an engaged citizen in favour of unification, Ioannou offers significant insight on a complex and traumatic conflict that remains one of Europe's black spots.'–Athena Skoulariki, Assistant Professor in Sociology of Communication, Discourse Analysis and Social Representations, University of Crete, Greece ‘The basic argument of the bookis that the consolidation of partition was neither automatic nor happened behind the backs of Greek Cypriots. The very interesting and demythologising work of Gregoris Ioannou brings to light a hidden, but common secret of the Greek Cypriots.'–Alexis Heraklides, Emeritus Professor of International Relations, Panteion University, Greece ‘Ioannou projects a multi-focal spotlight on the Cyprus problem, so as, at least for the careful reader, this becomes not only an interesting topic in itself, but, also a cognitive springboard from which to understand broader pathogenies of our common social and political life.'–Seraphim Seferiades, Associate Professor in Political Science, Panteion University, Greece

Stephen Medvic's Campaigns and Elections is a comprehensive yet compact core text that addresses two distinct but related aspects of American electoral democracy—both the processes that constitute campaigns and elections and the players who are involved. In addition to balanced coverage of process and actors, it also gives equal billing to both campaigns and elections, and covers contests for legislative and executive positions at the national and state and local levels, including issue-oriented campaigns of note. The book opens by providing students with the conceptual distinctions between what happens in an election and the campaigning that precedes it. Significant attention is devoted to setting up the context for these campaigns and elections by covering the rules of the game in the American electoral system as well as aspects of election administration and the funding of elections. Then the book systematically covers the actors at every level—candidates and their organizations, parties, interest groups, the media, and voters—and the macro level aspects of campaigns such as campaign strategy and determinants of election outcomes. The book concludes with a big picture assessment of campaign ethics and implications of the'permanent campaign'. New to the Third Edition Fully updated through the 2016 elections. Questions the'party decides'theory of the nomination process in light of the Trump Republican candidacy. Covers campaign finance laws and practice emanating from both Citizens United and McCutcheon. Critically examines restrictive voting laws in place for the first time in the 2016 presidential election. Looks at new automatic voter registration as well as registration removals. Expands coverage of media effects on campaigns at every stage, including social media. Draws upon recent research on new campaign technologies and of the science of campaigning.

The American ability to inspire—which we call exceptionalism—is not automatic. It takes continued efforts to be realized in a changing world. In this book, scholars at the Hoover Institution—professors, thinkers, and practitioners of global renown in their respective fields—offer a series of accessible policy ideas for civic, economic, and security architecture that would shore up the long-term foundations of American strengths. Blueprint for America takes a beyond-the-Beltway look at the basic policies that should be prioritized by the next president and Congress. Economists Michael Boskin, John Cogan, John Cochrane, and John Taylor address questions of entitlement reform, deficits, monetary reform, national debt, and regulatory and tax reform. Scott Atlas draws on his experience in the practice of medicine to tackle the Affordable Care Act and propose incentive-based health care reforms. Cochrane returns to reframe the hot-button political discourses on immigration and international trade. Eric Hanushek addresses the current performance--and reform--of K–12 education. Retired admiral James Ellis, retired general Jim Mattis, and Kori Schake offer their visions of how to restore America's national security through proactive and realistic agenda setting. Ellis follows with a rethink of energy security strategy in an era of abundance and James Goodby expounds on the country's practice of diplomacy in a time of turbulent transition. George Shultz draws from his experiences in government, industry, and academia to lead off each section with a range of clear-eyed observations on spending, human resources, foreign policy, and, in conclusion, the art of governance. The spirit of Blueprint for America is positive and grounded in first principles, offering ideas, diagnoses, solutions, and road maps for the long view.

Regionalization in general and regional integration in particular have taken place at a growing pace since the end of the Cold War, when states were set free from various security overlays. Regional integration is'logical'as it is supposed to advance wealth and peace. Still, the picture is far from clear and the process of regional integration is not automatic; disintegration takes place, as we saw in the cases of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia to mention a few. This is the case not only in states recently brought together but also in traditional states like Britain, The Netherlands and Spain where strong groups strive for independence. In some places regionalization is flourishing, but regional integration is not. Some regional integration projects like the North American Free Trade Agreement and Mercosur seem to stagnate. Certainly there are limits to regional integration. This comprehensive volume, written by high profiled academics, covers these themes by examining eleven cases ranging from the lack of integration in the Arctic and the Middle East, to ongoing or progressing integration in Europe to uncover what'blocks'regional integration, the results of which are used for developing new theoretical insights.

Human Factors and Voice Interactive Systems highlights the importance of human factors in speech technologies and presents and demonstrates the use of human factors, principles, methods, techniques, and tools in the design of speech-enabled applications. Included is coverage of automatic speech recognition, synthetic speech, and interactive voice response systems. Some chapters are devoted to specific applications of speech technology, and other chapters are either issue-oriented or provide a comprehensive view of human factors knowledge and `lessons learned'in a specific applications area. This book places special emphasis on interactive voice response (IVR), devoting seven of its fourteen chapters to both speech-enabled and `traditional'touch-tone-based IVR applications. Other chapters emphasize speech recognition application development, natural language processing, synthetic speech, and the use of speech technology in assistive devices for people with disabilities to further the goal of universal access to information technology for all.

We live in a world where democracy is almost universally accepted as the only legitimate form of government but what makes a society democratic remains far from clear. Liberal democratic values are both relativized by the self-description of many non-democratic regimes as'local'or'culturally specific'versions of democracy, and undermined by the automatic labelling as'democratic'of all norms and institutions that are modelled on western states. Decentring the West: The Idea of Democracy and the Struggle for Hegemony aims to demonstrate the urgent need to revisit the foundations of the global democratic consensus. By examining the views of democracy that exist in the countries on the semi-periphery of the world system such as Russia, Turkey, Bolivia, Venezuela, Brazil and China, as well as within the core (Estonia, Denmark and Sweden) the authors emphasize the truly universal significance of democracy, also showing the value of approaching this universality in a critical manner, as a consequence of the hegemonic position of the West in global politics. By juxtaposing, critically re-evaluating and combining poststructuralist hegemony theory and postcolonial studies this book demonstrates a new way to think about democracy as a truly international phenomenon. It thus contributes groundbreaking, thought-provoking insights to the conceptual and normative aspects of this vital debate.

'The premise of mainstreaming gender is to bring equality concerns into every aspect of policy-making, and this brave book offers a close look at how feminists have taken up the challenge to transform the hidden dynamics of male domination in agricultural policy in Europe. In contrast to the automatic assumption that (neo)liberal policy always works against women's interests, Prügl demonstrates the potential for feminist ju-jitsu to take advantage of multiple levels of governance to empower women in some circumstances. Although feminists were not always successful, the story of their efforts to remake agricultural policy should encourage activists to look for points of leverage in this and other contested and changing multilevel power systems.'---Myra Marx Ferree, University of Wisconsin'Information on policy development, conflicts about improving the status of farm women, and using rural development policies to foster gender equality is hard to access in English and extremely useful for researchers concerned with the specifics of gender equality policy in the EU.'---Alison Woodward, Institute for European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel'This book is a must-read for scholars interested in the gendered process of global restructuring. Elisabeth Prügl succeeds superbly in teasing out the power politics involved in European agricultural policy. Through the lens of a feminist-constructivist approach, she makes visible the multiple mechanisms of gendered power within the state. This very lucid narrative is a milestone in a new generation of feminist theoretical scholarship.'---Brigitte Young, University of Muenster, Germany Taking West and East Germany as case studies, Elisabeth Prügl shows how European agricultural policy has cemented long-standing gender-based inequalities and how feminists have used liberalization as an opportunity to challenge such inequalities. Through a comparison of the EU's rural development program known as LEADER as it played out in the Altmark region in the German East and in the Danube/Bavarian Forest region in the West, Prügl provides a close-up view of the power politics involved in government policies and programs. In identifying mechanisms of power (refusal, co-optation, compromise, normalization, and silencing of difference), Prügl illustrates how these mechanisms operate in arguments over gender relations within the state. Her feminist-constructivist approach to global restructuring as a gendered process brings into view multiple levels of governance and the variety of gender constructions operating in different societies. Ultimately, Prügl offers a new understanding of patriarchy as diverse, contested, and in flux. Jacket photograph: © iStockphoto.com/Wojtek Kryczka

'Only unity saves the Serbs'is the famous call for unity in the Serb nationalist doctrine. But even though this doctrine was ideologically adhered to by most of the Serb leaders in Croatia and Bosnia, disunity characterized Serb politics during the Yugoslav disintegration and war. Nationalism was contested and nationalist claims to homogeneity did not reflect the reality of Serb politics. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of Serb politics and challenges widespread assumptions regarding the Yugoslav conflict and war. It finds that although Slobodan Milosevic played a highly significant role, he was not always able to control the local Serb leaders. Moreover, it adds to the emerging evidence of the lack of importance of popular attitudes; hardline dominance was generally based on the control of economic and coercive resources rather than on elites successfully'playing the ethnic card.'It moves beyond an assumption of automatic ethnic outbidding and thus contributes toward a better understanding of intra-ethnic rivalry in other cases such as Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland, Nagorno-Karabakh and Rwanda.

The book provides a detailed historically-based analysis of the origin, evolution and potential resolution of the civil conflict in Sri Lanka over the struggle to establish a separate state in its Northern and Eastern provinces. This conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the secessionist LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) is one of the world's most intractable contemporary armed struggles. The internationally banned LTTE is considered the prototype of modern terrorism. It is known to have introduced suicide bombing to the world, and recently became the first terrorist organization ever to acquire an air force.The ‘iron law of ethnicity'– the assumption that cultural difference inevitably leads to conflict – has been reinforced by the 9/11 attacks and conflicts like the one in Sri Lanka. However, the connections among ethnic difference, conflict, and terrorism are not automatic. This book broadens the discourse on the separatist conflict in Sri Lanka by moving beyond the familiar bipolar Sinhala versus Tamil ethnic antagonism to show how the form and content of ethnicity are shaped by historical social forces. It develops a multipolar analysis which takes into account diverse ethnic groups, intra-ethnic, social class, caste and other variables at the local, regional and international levels. Overall, this book presents a conceptual framework useful for comparative global conflict analysis and resolution, shedding light on a host of complex issues such as terrorism, civil society, diasporas, international intervention and secessionism.

In the past thirty years, Congress has dramatically changed its response to unpopular deficit spending. While the landmark Congressional Budget Act of 1974 tried to increase congressional budgeting powers, new budget processes created in the 1980s and 1990s were all explicitly designed to weaken member, majority, and institutional budgeting prerogatives. These later reforms shared the premise that Congress cannot naturally forge balanced budgets without new automatic mechanisms and enhanced presidential oversight. So Democratic majorities in Congress gave new budgeting powers to Presidents Reagan and Bush, and then Republicans did the same for President Clinton.Passing the Buck examines how Congress is increasing delegation of a wide variety of powers to the president in recent years. Jasmine Farrier assesses why institutional ambition in the early 1970s turned into institutional ambivalence about whether Congress is equipped to handle its constitutional duties.

Dem europäischen Prinzip zur sozialen Gerechtigkeit, gleichberechtigten Teilhabe und medizinischen Vorsorge wird trotz erheblicher Anstrengungen auch gegenwärtig in weiten Teilen Europas widersprochen. Denn in vielen europäischen Ländern geht die soziale Benachteiligung mit einer gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigung einher, die einer Verwirklichung möglicher Lebenschancen entgegensteht. Timo-Kolja Pförtner diskutiert auf Basis theoretischer Ansätze und intereuropäischer Vergleichsstudien die Möglichkeit, das gesundheitliche Befinden der in Armut lebenden Bevölkerung zu verbessern.

The Single Transferable Vote, or STV, is often seen in very positive terms by electoral reformers, yet relatively little is known about its actual workings beyond one or two specific settings. This book gathers leading experts on STV from around the world to discuss the examples they know best, and represents the first systematic cross-national study of STV. Furthermore, the contributors collectively build an understanding of electoral systems as institutions embedded within a wider social and political context, and begins to explain the gap between analytical models and the actual practice of elections in Australia, Ireland, and Malta. Rather than seeing electoral institutions in purely mechanical terms, the collection of essays in this volume shows that the effects of electoral system may be contingent rather than automatic. On the basis of solid empirical evidence, the volume argues that the same political system can, in fact, have quite different effects under different conditions. Contributors to the volume are Shaun Bowler, David Farrell, Michael Gallagher, Bernard Grofman, Wolfgang Hirczy, Colin Hughes, J. Paul Johnston, Michael Laver, Malcom Mackerras, Michael Maley, Michael Marsh, Ian McAllister, and Ben Reilly. Shaun Bowler is Professor of Political Science, University of California, Riverside. Bernard Grofman is Professor of Political Science, University of California, Irvine.

This volume discusses the application of causal inference techniques in the study of American political development (APD). Within political science, a movement focused on increasing the credibility of causal inferences (CI) has gained considerable traction in recent years. While CI has been incorporated extensively into most disciplinary subfields, it has not been applied often in the study of APD. This edited volume considers ways in which scholars of CI and APD can engage in mutually beneficial ways to produce better overall research.

Changes in domestic economic and political conditions, together with a loss of confidence in the United States leadership produced serious problems within the Atlantic Alliance. The Internal Fabric of Western Security (first published in 1981) examines the effects of domestic change upon perceived security requirements and explores ways to deal with the problems that developed.Beginning with an examination of Allied and European relations, the book outlines external challenges to security that the Alliance faces in the 1980s and discusses internal problems that affect member nations'ability to deal with them. Country studies of the four largest European members of the Alliance systematically examine domestic constraints on security policy and assess probable approaches for the 1980s. A more general analysis is offered on how this situation affects the Allies'ability to work together in dealing with their common security problems. The need to integrate economic and military requirements is also discussed.

How politics in America works today, how it got that way, and how it's likely to change through reform—these are the themes that pervade every chapter of Cal Jillson's highly lauded American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change. Even in the midst of current challenges, America's past is present in all aspects of the contemporary political system. Jillson uses political development and the dynamics of change as a thematic tool to help students understand how politics works now—and how institutions, participation, and policies have evolved over time to produce the contemporary political environment. In addition, Jillson helps students think critically about how American democracy might evolve further, focusing in every chapter on reform and further change.New to the Thirteeenth Edition Assesses the results of the Biden administration and the impact on the 2024 campaign of Biden's unexpected replacement by Kamala Harris at the top of the ticket. Describes numerous ways in which the American political system has been affected by recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, the demise of Roe v. Wade, inflation, and the border. Assesses the implications of the January 6, 2021 attack on the Capitol, the Trump trials, and what they mean for our political culture and partisan politics. Assesses the implication of'fake news'and'the move to mobile'for our politics.Explores the evidence for increasing polarization in public opinion, voting behavior, and the work of Congress and the courts. Details the impact that the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the war in Israel and Gaza had on U.S. foreign policy and national security alliances.

Global Politics: A New Introduction engages directly with questions that those coming to the study of world politics bring with them. From that innovative starting point, it explores key issues through a critical and inquiring perspective, presenting theoretical ideas and concepts in conjunction with a global range of historical and contemporary case studies.Revised and updated throughout, the fourth edition offers examples engaging with the latest developments in global politics: the climate crisis and anthropocentrism, Indigenous experiences and thinking, racism and the rise of xenophobia, artificial intelligence, citizen journalism, global health and pandemic response and drone warfare.Global Politics:• examines most significant issues in global politics – poverty, development, colonialism, human rights, gender, inequality, race, war, peacebuilding, security, violence, nationalism, authority and what we can do to change the world;• offers chapters written to a common structure ideal for teaching and learning and features a key question, an illustrative example, general responses and broader issues;• integrates theory and practice throughout the text, drawing on international relations, political theory, postcolonial studies, sociology, geography, peace studies and development.This exciting, up-to-date and ground-breaking textbook is essential reading for all those concerned about global politics.

This book challenges the approach of relying on election outcomes to analyse party systems, contending that changes can be also identified and documented beyond the scope of parliamentary elections through legislative party switching.It argues that significant party system changes occur often within parliamentary terms, and legislative party switching is not a pathological feature of democracy but rather an integral component of democratic party systems. Offering a comprehensive and specific theoretical framework for party switching and based on a novel and exhaustive database from Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Poland, this book examines the determinants for, and implications of, legislative party switching in Central and Eastern Europe.This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of legislative studies, party politics, Central and East European politics, and more broadly comparative politics and government.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution‑Non Commercial‑No Derivatives (CC‑BY‑NC‑ND) 4.0 license.Any third party material in this book is not included in the OA Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Please direct any permissions enquiries to the original rightsholder.

This book traces the development-environment discourse in India and examines the multi-layered interaction between society and nature in the light of the role of the state, judiciary and the civil society. Through an array of perspectives, the volume challenges the conventional approach to understanding the environmental politics in South Asia without considering the role of the civil society and other informal actors, which has radically altered the conventional articulation of the phenomenon.The volume underlines distinct structural characteristics of developmental politics in India and the social concerns and challenges which come in the way of environmental policy and governance in India. It is a meaningful intervention in unearthing significant socio-political and economic processes which are critical to the environmental governance in India. The book will not only be helpful in studying the state of policy, administration and politics of environmental discourse in India, but also guide the policymakers to explore the sustainable ways of environmental governance in South Asia.Insightful and lucid, this book will be useful to the students, researchers and faculty working in the field of political science, public administration, public policy, political sociology, political economy and governance studies. It will also be an invaluable and interesting reading for those interested in South Asian studies.

Civil Society: Ideas, Interpretations, Transgressions is essential to learning about the place and importance of civil society in creating and maintaining a liberal democracy. Edyta B. Pietrzak takes us on a journey of interpretation, addressing the critical role the idea of a civil society has for our world and how it has evolved over time. She uncovers the meanings of theories and clarifies ways of thinking that are sensitive to peculiarities, intermittences, contrasts, or unique things.Part I introduces the theory and key terms. What is the public sphere and how can it be understood? Is it synonymous with civil society or does it only establish its area of activity? It aims to illustrate how social life has changed over centuries and its basic components have been experienced and interpreted in various ways.Part II represents a collection of interpretations and approaches to the idea of civil society. Pietrzak begins with the traditional Republican interpretation, continues with liberal, Hegelian, sociological, and historical‑materialistic interpretations, and concludes with modern communitarian and neo‑liberal concepts.Part III reminds us that civil society is not an abstract concept, nor does it exist in a vacuum or out of context. When describing the process of change and transformation in civil society, reference must be made to transgressions. Here we learn about issues such as transnational civil society, citizenship and diversity, feminist citizenship, and civil society in the era of the Anthropocene, to name a few.

This book explores the transformative role of social media in fostering reconciliation in the former Yugoslavia, a region still grappling with unresolved conflicts and ethnic divides. Focusing on platforms like YouTube and TikTok, it highlights how Balkan influencers blend personal storytelling with commercial outreach to promote interethnic understanding. The study employs digital ethnography and narrative analysis to reveal the intricate dynamics between human actors and algorithms, uncovering how social media facilitate grassroots reconciliation initiatives.The author critiques traditional reconciliation efforts driven by political elites and emphasises the potential of bottom-up approaches enabled by social media. It presents the concept of “algorithmic reconciliation”, where social media algorithms inadvertently foster interethnic collaborations and create transnational online communities. By examining the economic and cultural practices of influencers, the book illustrates how digital platforms can serve as modern arenas for peacebuilding.This book is primarily aimed at undergraduates and postgraduates in social history, digital media studies, and peace studies, but will also be relevant to academics, policymakers, and anyone interested in the intersection of technology and social change.

This book explores how actors practise sovereignty as a force in a multiscalar context.Among the various power structures that perform sovereignty, such as the head of state, a legislative body, or the military, one aspect is clear: the practice of sovereignty relies upon people at multiple levels - better portrayed as scales - of authority. This book focuses on actors – the people who bring sovereignty to life, who imbue it with meaning, and who are ultimately responsible for its practice. With that perspective, the volume interprets various case studies, such as Russian approaches to sovereignty in its leadership and Central Bank, Scottish parties'discourses, and NATO command structures. Beyond those contexts, the work also examines Chinese digital platforms, criminal gangs in Latin America, Polish and Czech nationalist movements, want-to-be states in Kurdistan-Iraq and Abkhazia, and Polish video games – together, these examples demonstrate how actors practise sovereignty in unity with, but also in place of, the state. As proof of concept, the authors further examine how they, as researchers, also qualify as practitioners of sovereignty. In a concluding three-chapter section, they reflexively explore how research methods and disciplines of study actively shape sovereignty and how the latter defines the outer limits of scholarly research.This book will be of interest to students of statehood, sovereignty, discourse analysis, history, political science, sociology, and international relations.The Introduction of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Sustainable Urbanisation in the Caribbean critically examines the socio-geographic context of island states, prioritising the nuanced experiences of Caribbean island states and territories that are largely considered small island developing states (SIDS), against the backdrop of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Increases in urban density place enormous pressure on existing infrastructures and natural resources, exacerbating social inequalities and environmental risks. While the UN SDGs aim to mitigate these risks, the reality of implementing these goals in the context of SIDS is complex. Whereas Sustainable Urbanisation in the Caribbean does not claim to be a comprehensive assessment of policy responses to the SDGs, this edited volume seeks to generate problem-focused, policy-relevant, demand-driven research, thereby permitting the geographical contexts of island states to contribute to the development of proper causal theory about sustainable urbanisation.This book will be of interest to students of public policy, urban sustainability and climate change, as well as government policy analysts, development practitioners, urban planners and UN agencies working in SIDS.

Portugal in the 21st Century provides a thorough yet accessible picture of contemporary Portugal in the first two decades of the twenty-first century.It examines and elucidates Portugal's recent trajectory, its current position, and the main challenges it faces through an examination of the principal dimensions of cultural, economic, political, and social development in the country. Bringing together some of the foremost Portuguese experts in each of these areas, it draws on a diverse knowledge across the social sciences and humanities – including anthropologists, art historians, economists, historians, legal scholars, literary scholars, political scientists, biologists, and sociologists – to create a multidimensional portrait of contemporary Portuguese society.Key features: Organised into nine substantive chapters – each of which covers a major area of Portugal's contemporary existence – from its national identity and political system to its economy, scientific, literary, and artistic production. Opens with a general introduction providing historical context, and a chapter on Portuguese national identity. Thematic chapters focus on social, political, economic, and cultural developments of the last two decades. This book provides a comprehensive, erudite yet accessible introduction to contemporary Portugal and is essential reading for students, scholars, and readers interested in Portugal, Portuguese and Southern European politics and culture, Iberian, or Iberian-American studies and more broadly to European and Comparative Politics.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives (CC-BY-ND) 4.0 license.

This book is a ground-breaking collection on contemporary Arab theatre.Through three sections discussing occupation and resistance, diaspora, migration, and refugees, and nationalism and belonging, this study provides nuanced responses to the contested points of intersection between Arab culture and the West, as well as many of the major concerns within contemporary Arab theatre. The collection draws together scholars from the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, and the United States who write about Arab theatre and the representation of Arabs on European and American stages. It introduces concerns in contemporary Arab theatre, the regions in which Arab theatre is performed, and the issues with representations of Arabs onstage.This volume will be of great significance for those interested in expanding the range of global, postcolonial, African, Asian, or diasporic theatre that they study, teach, or stage.

This edited volume examines populist radical right parties in the Nordic region.Somewhat surprisingly given the image of a consensual, egalitarian, and progressive region of Europe, the Nordic countries have been fertile ground for the radical right. Not only have radical right parties persisted for many decades, but they are currently much stronger in this region than in most other European countries today. In this book, the contributors analyse the electoral, ideological, and organisational aspects of the radical right in the Nordic region: The Progress Party in Norway (Fremskrittspartiet, FrP), the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna, SD), Danish People's Party (Dansk Folkeparti, DF), and the Finns party (Perussuomalaiset, PS). It also explores how mainstream parties and the media have reacted to the rise of the radical right, whether the radical right is integrated into mainstream politics, the extent to which they challenge the dominant ideological paradigm of Nordic politics and whether they mobilise and organise differently to other parties. Understanding the Nordic radical right is crucial to comprehending the transformation of Nordic politics but also changes in European politics more generally.This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Scandinavian politics, populism, the radical right, and comparative party politics.

Theories of alienation had a long history, burgeoned since the 1960s, yet almost disappeared in recent decades – but in his book, Christoph Henning brings these theories back on the agenda, to better account for contemporary social pathologies. Feelings of estrangement, of not feeling at home in the world, in one's own body or surroundings, are widespread in contemporary societies. They go hand in hand with loneliness, with a burnout, with depression or with anger and hatred. But where do they come from, what do they signify?Henning tracks theories of alienation from three different traditions: first, a conservative approach from Rousseau to Hartmut Rosa explains alienation with change and is based on nostalgia; second, a liberal approach from Simmel to Rahel Jaeggi relies on individual autonomy and explains it as a loss of control; and third, an Aristotelian approach from Humboldt to Marx or British idealism, based on theories of flourishing, relies on a perfectionist anthropology and critical social theory. In doing so, Henning vividly reconstructs these traditions with contemporary examples and excursions into the movies. Theories of Alienation: From Rousseau to the Present shines important new light on this important field of contemporary social philosophy and is very approachable to the general reader.

This book uniquely demonstrates how a new combination of communities, progressive visions, and strategies provides a path to defeat fascist machinations and strengthens social justice movements. Taking the incredible twists and turns of elections as a given, the book takes the issues, grievances and solutions of social movements as its grounding.Would-be change agents, be they first-time voters, freshly minted activists, impacted communities, or veteran strategists, will find answers to questions of voting, organizing, and mobilization. In doing so, readers will find answers to activating their networks and communities not merely to vote, but how to build on their “Emergency Election” mobilizing and power-building efforts to win their agendas, regardless of who holds office.This theoretically and empirically informed handbook for activists, voters, their organizations, unions, and communities provides both mobilizing tools and talking points about the elections'most vital and contested issues.

Multicultural Citizenship: Legacy and Critique allows the philosopher an opportunity to consider the evolution and transformation of Will Kymlicka's theories from Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights.Canonical in the field of multiculturalism, Will Kymlicka's work developed an original way of recognizing and accommodating ethnic groups and national minorities through liberal democratic principles. This new volume brings together expert scholars to evaluate the impact of Kymlicka's book on their own views and the field's general progression over the past three decades and brings Kymlicka to face new questions challenging multiculturalism and re-evaluate the main ideas of his original theory by reflecting on its development. Through engagement with the contributors'chapters, Kymlicka ends this edited collection with proposals for new ways of understanding multiculturalism at a time of rising anti-immigration populism and natalist movements.This book offers a modern outlook on multiculturalism with contributions from a diverse group of authors as well as Will Kymlicka himself and will be of great interest to scholars and students of migration, nationalism, minority rights, sociology, law, and politics.

This open access book explains why southern European countries with significant Muslim communities have experienced few religiously inspired violent attacks – or have avoided the kind of securitised response to such attacks seen in many other Western states. The authors provide a unique contribution to the literature on violent extremism – which has traditionally focused on countries such as France, the US and the UK – by studying the causes of relatively low rates of radicalisation in Greece, Italy and Spain. The book explores many of the dynamics between (non) radicalisation and issues such as socioeconomic inequality, experiences of conflict, and systemic racism and other forms of discrimination. It establishes a new analytical framework for the development of, and resilience against, violent radicalisation in the region and beyond.

The Future of Cities and Energies in Western Europe explores a variety of theoretical and empirical approaches to researching energy issues in Western European cities, as well as urban energy transition. It serves as a collection of materials, instruments, ideas, and theories to embrace this subject. The contributions are interdisciplinary, drawing from areas such as sociology, urbanism, geoecology, architecture, and political science, thus demonstrating that this research topic, which is now gaining full legitimacy in traditional fields, requires open and reflexive dialogues.

The Routledge Handbook of Political Campaigning provides an essential, global, and timely overview of current realities, as well as anticipating the trajectory and evolution of campaigning in the coming years.Offering a comprehensive analysis, the handbook is structured into seven thematic sections, including the campaign environment; rhetoric and persuasion; campaign strategies; campaign tactics and platform affordances; news and journalism; citizens and voters; and civil society. The chapters within each section reflect on the latest societal, technological, and cultural developments and their impact on campaigning, on democratic culture within societies, and on the roles that campaigns might play in both facilitating and impeding political engagement. Key trends and innovations are examined alongside case studies and examples from a range of nations and political contexts. Issues around trust and representation are further reflected in a focus on the wider campaigning environment and the rise in importance of grassroots and pressure groups, social movements, and movements that coalesce within digital environments.The Routledge Handbook of Political Campaigning is an essential resource for scholars, students, and practitioners in political communication, media and communication, elections and voting behavior, digital media, journalism, social movements, strategic communication, social media, and more broadly to democracy, sociology, and public policy.

The Routledge Handbook of Chinese and Eurasian International Relations explores China's relations with the Eurasian continent's regions and countries in a multipolar era, providing an equal and balanced platform for scholars and practitioners from East, West, North, and South. This diversity enriches the contribution, giving it a dynamic ability to examine sources in different languages and cover a vast geography.Divided into ten parts, this handbook analyses the major powers in a Multipolar World Order; China's political and economic interests in post-Soviet Eurasia, Middle East, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Arctic; and China's relations with the US, Russia, Eurasian Economic Union, NATO and other players. International technology and environmental experts consider the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative, along with other international economic and transport corridors, and examine China's multilateral relations and Digital Silk Road and e-governance roles. The Routledge Handbook of Chinese and Eurasian International Relations also contains official documents detailing the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and several European and Asian states, making it an authoritative source on diplomatic affairs.This groundbreaking book will be of interest to policymakers, businessmen, scholars, and students of international relations, area studies, cybersecurity and digitalization, economics and the politics of international trade, security studies, foreign policy, global governance, international organizations, and environmental studies.

What are the markers of authoritarian and democratic states – and all those that fall somewhere in-between? How do principles, institutions and political processes differ from state to state? And what can we learn from political comparison on a global scale?Comparative Government and Politics offers a compelling and accessible introduction to the subject. This book will help you to understand the wide range of institutions and political cultures across the world, including: the common essential elements and levers of a state, how democratic and authoritarian regimes operate internally and on the global stage, and the relationship between a population and a polity. An essential text for courses on Comparative Politics, Comparative Government, Introduction to Politics and Introduction to Political Science.This Thirteenth Edition includes:· An increased focus on themes of democratic reversal and declining trust · Coverage of contemporary topics with new and extended coverage of LGBTQ+ issues, identity politics and populism· New and updated country spotlights, reflecting the changing state of democracy across the world· An accessible design for students of all levels, with maps, diagrams and tables, discussion questions and further reading suggestions· A companion website with features to support continued learning: bloomsbury.pub/comparative-government-and-politics-13e

Marxism in the Age of Ecological Catastrophe offers a stimulating discussion on the ecological unfeasibility of capitalist society.Divided into three parts, Eduardo Sá Barreto begins by providing a reconstruction of Marx's theory of value and articulating it into a ecological critique of this society. Part Two surveys key debates between some of today's most representative Marxist ecologists. Part Three explores political approaches, tactical and strategic issues to see whether they align with the gravity of the challenges facing humanity or not.Located at the intersection of the natural and social sciences, Marxism in the Age of Ecological Catastrophe will be of interest to scholars of political science, economics, ecology, climatology, demography, geography, and sociology.

This innovative Routledge Handbook sheds light on the complex and transformative nature of Global China, prompting a re- evaluation of existing theories on global and regional dynamics. It encourages theoretical innovation, methodological reflection and analytical transformation, providing new avenues for critical engagement with China's global interactions. The chapters propose three key commitments for the study of Global China: Advocating for diverse viewpoints and non- binary frameworks, employing nuanced analysis to understand Beijing's transnational relations and utilizing alternative methodological approaches to explore different trajectories for China in international affairs.The Handbook also identifies and avoids epistemic traps that hinder the understanding of Global China, such as othering and strategic narcissism. It suggests five analytical frameworks related to relationality, global capitalist processes, language and discourse power, planetary- scale modernization and experimentalism to guide future research. By adopting these frameworks, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the multifaceted factors shaping Global China within the broader global context of cooperation, competition and crisis.

In recent years, the world has been shaken by numerous events that have caused and continue to cause massive human suffering, from the COVID-19 pandemic to intrastate and interstate armed conflicts. Moreover, climate change continues to plow ahead, contributing to growing tensions, population movements, and resource scarcity. Meanwhile, the methods by which groups and group life are threatened, and the means by which violence is incited and perpetrated, continue to evolve. Such divergent crises, even when they overlap or intersect, confound definition and label. This book seeks not to answer the question'What is genocide?'but rather'What is genocide studies?'When Raphael Lemkin coined the term'genocide'in 1944, he could not have foreseen what the world would look like today. Now is the time to think about current manifestations of genocide and those likely to emerge in the future.

This book is one of the first attempts to directly explore the relationship between law and acculturation. By exploring the theoretical basis of the concept of culture, the ideas of law and various models of acculturation, it brings a nuanced theorization and problematization of the intricate connection between law and acculturation. It does this through theory and then presents the findings of the author's qualitative empirical study conducted with a group of long-term Slavic migrants residing in Poland. The book culminates by demonstrating how the law can be integrated into one of the theoretical models of acculturation, specifically the Relative Acculturation Extended Model.

This book examines father-son relations and their role in the transfer of forms of masculinity and fathering practices. It also explores how far the psychosocial resources transferred from fathers to sons enable sons to navigate challenges in their everyday lives, particularly in contexts of disadvantage and marginalization. This study is a successor to an earlier book examining the inter-generational transfer of human wellbeing amongst Latin American migrant women and their daughters. By extending this analysis to the case of migrant fathers and sons this book explores the impacts of international migration on constructions of masculinity and fatherhood whilst investigating the utility of resources passed intergenerationally in a different social, political and economic environment.

This book examines the legitimization of the European Union through the development and rapid rotation of narratives aiming to convey its identity and purpose.Utilizing literature and data across a wide range of interdisciplinary areas rarely studied together, the book argues that three narratives have been dominant over the last 20 years: ‘Europe of rights', ‘Europe of values'and a ‘European way of life'. It presents both theoretical and empirical research on the transformation of political domination, collective identities and EU legitimization, and analyses various'crises'linked to socio-economic, security, identity and normative issues, such as terrorism and radicalization, pandemics, and morality politics. It finds that European narratives express lower ambitions on charismatic community-building, are constantly expanding to new domains, and are increasingly framed as being in a situation of existential threat, which may increase democratic tensions and give rise to a populist backlash.This book will be of interest to students and scholars of European integration, European Parliament, legitimization studies, political communication, and to comparative politics and political sociology.

Originally published in 1976 under the title Modernization, Exploitation and Dependency in Latin America, and again in 1988 under the current title, the author describes, examines and introduces the life and work of three of the most important figures in the development of comparative politics and political sociology: Gino Germani (Argentina), Pablo Gonzales Casanova (Mexico) and Fernando Henrique Cardoso (Brazil). At the time of its first publication, the book introduced those three Latin American sociologists to the North American social and political science community. However, as Peter Evans points out in his introduction, the book had not lost its importance in the intervening years. Rather, the subsequent developments in comparative scholarship have only highlighted the influence of the three Latin Americans. The developments in comparative and political social science can virtually only be understood in the light of the influence that the thought of Germani, Gonzales Casanova and Cardoso had on the discussions in North America.

This book tells the story of the rise of Margaret Thatcher in the context of crises assailing Britain in the 1970s and how her ascent to power ushered in the neoliberal era.Forging the Iron Lady details her journey from relative obscurity to the pinnacle of power as a collective, as well as personal, tale and how an uncertain chain of events, influenced through ideas and political agency, opened the path to certain outcomes while throwing up barriers to others. It is her “origin story” as the Iron Lady. It examines a dramatic phase in her political advance and how the tumultuous politics of the 1970s shaped her as a politician and her political ideals, and how the conditions necessary to bring about major political-economic changes were created, leading to three decades of neoliberalism. In doing so, this book offers a better understanding of the political conditions needed for a change in political-economic orders.This book is of key interest to scholars, students, and readers of British politics and history, Thatcherism, political parties, elections, executive, and elite politics.

The Routledge Handbook of Politics and Religion in Contemporary America is a comprehensive reference source to this significant, controversial and consistent topic in America's politics. It examines the copious research conducted to date, evaluates what we know, identifies what is less clear because of differing research findings and pursues important but under-researched questions.Comprising 34 chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into four parts: History and context; Theoretical debates and methodological perspectives; Actors, policies and institutions; and Contemporary debates and controversies. The Handbook addresses three key questions: (1) How is religion politically important in the USA? (2) Why does religion retain political and social prominence in the USA? and (3) Is the USA secularising? If so, what does it mean for the relationship between religion and politics? Chapters explore central issues, debates and problems within politics and religion in the USA, including citizenship, secularism, the law, religious diversity, atheism, political economy, religious minorities, discrimination, the US presidency, nationalism, public opinion, gender and sexuality, foreign policy, Congress, religious freedom, party politics, human rights, public institutions, civil society, populism, feminism, LGBTQ+ rights, political violence, hate speech, inequality and immigration.This Handbook will be essential reading for students and researchers of politics and religious studies. Professionals (policy-oriented, government, corporations) will also find the Handbook useful, especially for research purposes.

This book offers a pioneering approach to collaborative co-authorship, integrating storytelling, participatory action research, and innovative uses of technology like Zoom to bridge geographical and cultural divides. The authors emphasize authentic dialogue, using a form of metalogue to ensure all voices are heard and respected, thus avoiding ventriloquy—speaking for or over others. Their praxis revolves around performative and regenerative projects involving indigenous custodians, academics, students, and community members, aiming to address'Species Apartheid'and promote a more inclusive and sustainable future. The book's engagement model includes inner work, focusing on critical analysis and analytical meditation on values and their consequences; outer work, involving transformative education and organic food production workshops to engage a broad community of practice; and future work, exploring narrative and'if-then'scenarios to envision new possibilities, with an emphasis on creativity and courage. The authors draw inspiration from diverse sources, including Indigenous knowledge systems and various academic institutes and organizations. Through their collaborative efforts, they aim to create a more inclusive, sustainable, and just world.

The'Rainbow Government', that was how the media described the Fine Gael, Labour and Democratic Left coalition government that John Bruton led from late 1994 to June 1997, arguably the most left wing government in the history of the state. In Under the Rainbow, Shane Kenny uses his unique perspective as government press secretary to deliver the ultimate insider account of this crucial juncture in Irish politics; a period which contained critical breakthroughs in the Northern Ireland peace process, the most high profile murder in the history of the state (Veronica Guerin), the establishment of the'payments to politicians'tribunal, which finally exposed the sources of Charles Haughey's wealth, and a divorce referendum which heralded the dawn of a changing Ireland. With anecdotes and quotations from the author's own notes and tapes from the time, Under the Rainbow is a singular chronicle of political and economic achievement, aligned with professional and personal tragedy – a captivating mix of the atmosphere and facts of government life.

This book critically examines the subjective value of privacy in the context of state surveillance, exploring how individuals assess costs and benefits of surveillance. It delves into the complex relationship between attitudes towards privacy, security, and state surveillance and challenges the conventional privacy versus security trade-off through three empirical studies. The first study finds that security justifications for surveillance indeed influence public support for surveillance, particularly in liberal democracies. The second study reveals how financial costs and personal convenience influence support for surveillance. The third study suggests that privacy attitudes may be a stable personality trait, influencing decisions across various contexts. By employing cross-comparative analysis and experimental designs, this book enhances our understanding of privacy's subjective value, refines theoretical frameworks, and offers insights into individual decision-making about privacy. By highlighting the dynamic nature of privacy preferences, this work reveals limitations of simplistic theoretical models and sets the stage for future research in the privacy-security nexus.