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Excerpt from History of Philosophy (Classic Reprint)Science and philosophy may be said to have had their origin in religion, or rather, originally science, philosophy, and reli gion were one: mythology is the primitive attempt to understand the world. Man at first interprets the phenomena which, for some reason or other, largely practical, attract his attention, according to his crude experiences. He projects his own nature into them, fashions them after his own image, animates them, regards them as somehow alive and ensouled. Among many peoples, such vague and indefinite animistic notions are trans formed into clear and distinct conceptions of personalities, of a higher order than human beings, but yet essentially resem bling human beings (polytheism). None of these mythological creations, however, can be regarded as the work of single indi viduals or as the product of logical thought; they are expressions of the collective soul, in which imagination and will play the most important role. A universal history of philosophy would include the philoso~ phies of all peoples. Not all peoples, however, have produced real systems of thought, and the Speculations of only a few can be said to have had a history. Many do not rise beyond the mythological stage. Even the theories of Oriental peoples, the Hindus, Egyptians, Chinese, consist, in the main, of mythological and ethical doctrines, and are not thoroughgoing systems of thought; they are shot through with poetry and faith. We shall, therefore, limit ourselves to the study of the Western countries, and begin with the philosophy of the ancient Greeks, on whose culture our own civilization, in part, rests. We shall follow the customary classification of universal history and divide our field into Ancient Philosophy, Medieval or Christian Philosophy, and Modern Philosophy.

Excerpt from The Holy Family, or Critique of Critical Critique (Classic Reprint)B) The Jewish Question No. 0 Critical Discoveries on Socialism Jurisprudence and Politics (nationality) by Marx.

Excerpt from A Grammar of Motives (Classic Reprint)We sought to formulate the basic stratagems which people employ, in endless variations, and consciously or unconsciously, for the out witting or cajoling Of one another. Since all these devices had a you and me quality about them, being addressed to some person or to some advantage, we classed them broadly under the heading of a Rhet orie. There were other notes, concerned with modes of expression and appeal in the fine arts, and with purely psychological or psychoanalytic matters. These we classed under the heading of Symbolic.

The book is comprised of essays that utilize Shakespeare as a productive window into topics of contemporary social and political relevance. Its interdisciplinary qualities make the book relevant for students of political studies, literature, philosophy, cultural studies, and history.

First Published in 1990. This series aims to inspire and publish scholarly work on Yiddish language, literature, folklore and cultural history, a yearbook of Yiddish Studies, volume 1